CN116430644A - High-polarization-isolation optical parametric amplifier based on periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal - Google Patents
High-polarization-isolation optical parametric amplifier based on periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN116430644A CN116430644A CN202310294017.1A CN202310294017A CN116430644A CN 116430644 A CN116430644 A CN 116430644A CN 202310294017 A CN202310294017 A CN 202310294017A CN 116430644 A CN116430644 A CN 116430644A
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/355—Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
- G02F1/3551—Crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
- G02F1/3548—Quasi phase matching [QPM], e.g. using a periodic domain inverted structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/392—Parametric amplification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier based on a periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal, and belongs to the fields of optical communication and microwave photonics. According to the invention, through the design of the polarization period of the periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal, the amplification and consumption of different polarization signal lights can be realized by utilizing the difference frequency and the frequency multiplication effect in the second-order nonlinear effect on the same periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal, and the high polarization isolation amplification of a certain polarization signal light can be realized without an additional polarization control device. By selecting the polarization period of the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, the wavelengths of the signal light and the pump light meeting the quasi-phase matching condition are input, and the high polarization isolation amplification of the signal light can be realized. The adjustment of the difference frequency amplification gain can be realized by changing the power of the pump light, and the adjustment of the polarization isolation degree is further realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of optical communication and microwave photonics, and particularly relates to a high-polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier of a periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal.
Background
In optical communications, it is often necessary to amplify a relay signal to ensure subsequent information transmission. The traditional processing method is to amplify the signal by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. However, the gain spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is not flat, and special techniques are required to compensate the gain spectrum. And the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier can amplify only optical waves with the wavelength of about 1550nm, and has a limited wavelength adjustment range. And the erbium-doped fiber amplifier belongs to a discrete device, has longer device size and larger power consumption, and can not be integrated with other devices. In addition, in optical fiber communication systems, optical fibers are often used as physical media for information transmission. With the increase of the transmission rate, polarization damage caused by thermal stress, mechanical stress, irregularity of the fiber core and other factors in the optical fiber can accumulate along with the increase of the transmission distance, so that the transmission bandwidth of a communication system can be greatly limited, and the polarization state of the optical fiber transmission needs to be controlled by using a polarization maintaining optical fiber and a polarization controller. However, in long-distance communication, a long polarization-maintaining fiber and a plurality of polarization control devices are required, and the large size of the system is also disadvantageous for integration due to the large amount of the fiber, which definitely increases the complexity and cost of the communication system. In fact, nonlinear optical effects in the medium can also control the transmission mode polarization state while achieving the optical amplification function.
Lithium niobate is a birefringent crystal, and the refractive indices of o-light and e-light can be expressed by the Sellmeier equation. The quasi-phase matching mode can be divided into type-0 (e+e→e) and type-I (o+o→e) according to the polarization states of the second-order nonlinear interaction light waves. The second-order nonlinear effect of lithium niobate includes frequency multiplication effect, sum frequency effect, difference frequency effect, etc. The frequency multiplication/summation effect realizes the consumption of signal light by generating frequency multiplication/summation light. The difference frequency effect achieves amplification by transferring pump light energy to the signal light. By utilizing the effects, the difference frequency amplification of a signal with one polarization and the frequency multiplication/sum frequency attenuation of a signal with the other polarization can be realized through a quasi-phase matching mode under different polarizations. In addition, the lithium niobate crystal can be integrated with other structures to reduce the size of the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the defects of complex structure and single amplification wavelength of the traditional erbium-doped fiber amplifier are overcome, and the purpose of ensuring single polarization amplified signal light in an optical communication link is achieved. From the integrated optical point of view, a novel method for realizing high-polarization isolation light amplification is provided, so that the device structure is simplified, the operation is convenient, and the cost is reduced.
Based on the thought, the invention provides an optical parametric amplifier with polarization isolation by utilizing the second-order nonlinear effect in the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal. And selecting a proper polarization period to polarize the lithium niobate crystal, so that the lithium niobate crystal can simultaneously meet the frequency multiplication and difference frequency effects, and further realize the consumption and amplification of signal light with different polarization states. The amplification of signal light with different wavelengths and the tuning of polarization isolation are realized by controlling the wavelength and the power of the pumping light, so that the defects of single amplification wavelength, large size of a device and inconvenience for monolithic integration of the traditional optical amplifier are overcome.
The invention provides an implementation mode of a high-polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier, the principle of which is shown in figure 1, and the implementation mode is as follows: inputting a wavelength lambda into periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal s The amplitudes of the two polarization components of the o light and the e light are the same, and the wavelengths of the signal light under the corresponding polarization states are respectively marked as lambda s,o And lambda (lambda) s,e . Since the nonlinear effect of lithium niobate has different second order nonlinear optical coefficients used in different polarization states, the commonly used x-cut and z-cut lithium niobate crystals are selected for explanation.
Fig. 1 (a) demonstrates the polarization-isolated parametric amplification process in an x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Firstly, the polarization period of the periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal is selected, so that the frequency multiplication effect and the difference frequency effect can be simultaneously generated, and the corresponding signal light wavelength and the pumping light wavelength are obtained. To ensure the amplifying effect of the optical parameter, the maximum is utilized by using the type-0 difference frequency effectNonlinear optical coefficient d of (2) 33 Input TE polarized pump light lambda s,e For TE polarized signal light lambda s,e And amplifying. So the type-I frequency multiplication effect is adopted to make TM polarized signal light lambda s,o Attenuation is carried out by using nonlinear optical coefficient d 31 . In the difference frequency effect, the pump light energy is transferred to the signal light to realize the optical amplification. In the frequency multiplication effect, the energy of the signal light is transferred to the frequency multiplication light, so that the consumption of the energy of the signal light is realized.
Fig. 1 (b) demonstrates the polarization-isolated parametric amplification process in a z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Likewise, the polarization period of the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal is selected, so that the frequency multiplication effect and the difference frequency effect can be simultaneously generated, and the corresponding signal light wavelength and the pump light wavelength are obtained. The maximum nonlinear optical coefficient d is utilized by using type-I difference frequency effect 33 Input TE polarized pump light lambda s,o For TE polarized signal light lambda s,o And amplifying. So the type-0 frequency multiplication effect is adopted to make TM polarized signal light lambda s,e Attenuation is carried out, and the nonlinear optical coefficient d is also used at this time 31 . And the consumption and amplification of the signal light with different polarization are respectively realized by utilizing the frequency multiplication effect and the difference frequency effect.
The invention also provides a device diagram of the optical parametric amplifier for realizing high polarization isolation, the structure of which is shown in figure 2, and the device diagram comprises a tunable laser 1 for generating signal light, a tunable laser 2 for generating pump light, a polarization controller, a wave combiner, a periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal, a polarization beam splitter, an optical filter and the like. The signal light output by the tunable laser 1 passes through the polarization controller and then outputs mixed polarized signal light with the same amplitude of two polarized components. The polarization state of the pump light output by the tunable laser 2 through the other polarization controller is single polarization, and the specific polarization state is determined according to the crystal orientation. The pump light and the signal light are combined by a combiner and are input into the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal together for frequency multiplication and difference frequency effect. The amplified signal light with two polarization states, residual pump light, newly generated frequency multiplication light and difference frequency light are separated by a polarization beam splitter at the output end of the crystal. And then the two branches respectively pass through an optical filter to filter out light waves except the signal light, and the amplified signal light is output, so that the spectrum conditions of the signal light with different polarizations are analyzed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the consumption and amplification of signal light in different polarization states are realized by utilizing the second-order nonlinear effect in the periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal, and the high polarization isolation amplification of a certain polarized signal light can be realized without an additional polarization control device. By selecting the polarization period of the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, the wavelengths of the signal light and the pump light meeting the quasi-phase matching condition are input, and the high polarization isolation amplification of the signal light can be realized. The power of the signal light and the pump light is changed, so that the frequency multiplication extinction ratio and the difference frequency amplification gain can be adjusted, and the polarization isolation degree can be further adjusted. The method has very flexible application in the fields of optical communication and microwave photon, and has very strong practical operability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier employed in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a simulated output of an embodiment of a high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier of the disclosed x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.
FIG. 4 is a simulated output of an embodiment of a high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier of the disclosed z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal.
FIG. 5 is a simulated output of a polarization isolation tuning example of an x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a simulated output of a polarization isolation tuning example of a z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal disclosed herein.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, input into the circumferenceThe wavelength of signal light in the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal is lambda s The pump light wavelength of the difference frequency effect is lambda p The polarization states of the pump light and the signal light are determined according to the quasi-phase matching condition. For the type-0 difference frequency effect+type-I frequency multiplication effect of the x-cut periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal, effective nonlinear difference frequency and frequency multiplication effect are realized, and corresponding frequency conditions and phase matching conditions between corresponding signal light and pump light are respectively the difference frequency effect:
frequency doubling effect:
for the type-0 frequency multiplication effect and type-I difference frequency effect of the z-cut periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal, the corresponding frequency condition and phase matching condition are required to be satisfied respectively
Difference frequency effect:
frequency doubling effect:
where Λ is the polarization period, ω, of the periodically poled lithium niobate crystal j And k j Angular frequency and wave vector, respectively. The angle marks j=p, s, sh, df represent pump light, signal light, frequency-doubled light, and difference-frequency light, respectively. The angle marks o and e represent o light and e light, respectively.
And a proper polarization period is selected to polarize the lithium niobate crystal, so that the frequency multiplication and difference frequency effect are utilized on the same periodic polarization lithium niobate crystal to realize high polarization isolation optical parametric amplification. And generating frequency multiplication light at an output end through frequency multiplication effect on a certain polarized signal, and consuming the energy of the polarized signal light. The high-power pump light corresponding to the difference frequency effect is input, so that the energy of the pump light is transferred to the signal light with the other polarization, and the signal light with the other polarization is amplified. The frequency multiplication and the difference frequency effect are mutually independent, and nonlinear effects among the frequency multiplication and the difference frequency effect are not mutually influenced, so that different polarization states of the signal light can be processed.
Examples
Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show simulation results of one embodiment of the disclosed optical parametric amplifier.
Fig. 3 shows the input and output spectra of the x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal under the type-0 difference frequency effect + type-I frequency doubling effect scheme, with a selected poling period of 21.43 μm and a signal light wavelength of 1480nm in this example. Fig. 3 (a) shows a TE polarized pump light pulse with 817nm wavelength and 1500mW pump light power inputted by the difference frequency effect. Fig. 3 (b) shows TE polarized signal light pulses inputted by the difference frequency effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 3 (c) shows TM polarized signal light pulses inputted by the frequency doubling effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 3 (d) shows a TE polarized signal light pulse amplified by the difference frequency effect, and the peak power is 528.6mW. Fig. 3 (e) shows a TM polarized signal light pulse attenuated by the frequency doubling effect, and the peak power is 2.9mW. The polarization isolation was calculated to be 22.60dB.
Fig. 4 shows the output spectrum under the type-0 frequency doubling effect + type-I difference frequency effect scheme of the z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. In this example, the selected polarization period was 18.00 μm and the signal light wavelength was 1510nm. Fig. 4 (a) shows a TE polarized pump light pulse with a wavelength of 1110nm and a pump light power of 1000mW, which is input by the difference frequency effect. Fig. 4 (b) shows TE polarized signal light pulses inputted by the difference frequency effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 4 (c) shows TM polarized signal light pulses inputted by the frequency doubling effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 4 (d) shows a TE polarized signal light pulse amplified by the difference frequency effect, and the peak power is 687.8mW. Fig. 4 (e) shows a TM polarized signal light pulse attenuated by the frequency doubling effect, and the peak power is 2.7mW. The polarization isolation was calculated to be 24.06dB.
Fig. 5 demonstrates polarization isolation tuning simulations on an x-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. When the pump light power of the difference frequency effect is regulated within a certain range, the gain of the signal light can be increased or reduced, so that the tunable polarization isolation is realized. Fig. 5 (a) shows TE polarized pump light pulses inputted by the difference frequency effect, and the pump light power is increased to 1000mW. Fig. 5 (b) shows TE polarized signal light pulses inputted by the difference frequency effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 5 (c) shows TM polarized signal light pulses inputted by the frequency doubling effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 5 (d) shows a TE polarized signal light pulse amplified by the difference frequency effect, and the peak power is 889.5mW. Fig. 5 (e) shows a TM polarized signal light pulse attenuated by the frequency doubling effect, and the peak power is 2.9mW. The polarization isolation was calculated to be 24.86dB.
Fig. 6 shows polarization isolation tuning simulations on z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate crystals. Fig. 6 (a) shows TE polarized pump light pulses input by the difference frequency effect, and the pump light power is increased to 1500mW. Fig. 6 (b) shows TE polarized signal light pulses inputted by the difference frequency effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 6 (c) shows TM polarized signal light pulses inputted by the frequency doubling effect, and the optical power is 10mW. Fig. 6 (d) shows a TE polarized signal light pulse amplified by the difference frequency effect, and the peak power is 1127.2mW. Fig. 6 (e) shows a TM polarized signal light pulse attenuated by the frequency doubling effect, and the peak power is 2.7mW. The polarization isolation was calculated to be 26.20dB.
Claims (4)
1. The high-polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier based on the periodic polarized lithium niobate crystal is characterized in that: the device comprises a tunable laser 1 for generating signal light, a tunable laser 2 for generating pump light, a polarization controller, a combiner, a periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal, a polarization beam splitter, an optical filter and the like. The wave combiner is used for combining the light of each wavelength into one path, and can also be replaced by a coupler; the tunable laser is used for generating pump light and signal light respectively; the polarization controller is used for controlling the polarization states of the pump light and the signal light; the polarization beam splitter is used for separating signal light with different polarization states; the optical filter is used for filtering light waves except the signal light; the periodically polarized lithium niobate crystal of the core device can be a crystal of a bulk material, can be a waveguide structure made of the bulk material, and can be made of a lithium niobate film material.
2. The high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier based on periodically poled lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein: by designing the polarization period of the periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal, the difference frequency and the frequency multiplication effect in the second-order nonlinear effect can be simultaneously utilized on the same periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal, so that the energy of one polarization signal light is consumed, and the amplification of the other polarization signal light is realized.
3. The high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier based on periodically poled lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein: and selecting a proper polarization period to enable signal light with one polarization to generate a frequency multiplication effect, and enabling signal light with the other polarization to generate a difference frequency effect under a proper wavelength of pumping light, so that the consumption and amplification functions of the signal light with different polarizations on the same periodic polarization type lithium niobate crystal are realized.
4. The high polarization isolation optical parametric amplifier based on periodically poled lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein: the frequency multiplication and the difference frequency effect are mutually independent, and nonlinear effects among the frequency multiplication and the difference frequency effect are not mutually influenced, so that amplification and consumption processing can be carried out on different polarization states of signal light.
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