CN116429565A - Method for detecting quality of joint of metal material without rivet connection - Google Patents
Method for detecting quality of joint of metal material without rivet connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN116429565A CN116429565A CN202310695954.8A CN202310695954A CN116429565A CN 116429565 A CN116429565 A CN 116429565A CN 202310695954 A CN202310695954 A CN 202310695954A CN 116429565 A CN116429565 A CN 116429565A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quality detection method for a joint formed by rivet-free connection of metal materials, and belongs to the technical field of quality detection. The quality detection method comprises the steps of pre-screening joints of the rivet-free connection products to obtain a test sample; acquiring joint bottom thickness data of a test sample, and performing destructive testing on the joint of the test sample; obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the performance data obtained by the destructive test; collecting the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product to be detected, and screening the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product to be detected by utilizing the standard reaching range to obtain a mechanically locked standard reaching joint corresponding to the joint bottom thickness data in the standard reaching range; and obtaining a fracture morphology image of the mechanically locked standard-reaching joint, and screening the standard-reaching joint by using the fracture morphology image to obtain the quality standard-reaching joint. The invention can screen qualified products with long-time effective output mechanical performance, and can detect the production line products one by one while detecting high quality, so that the quality of each product is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quality inspection, and particularly relates to a joint quality detection method for rivet-free connection of metal materials.
Background
The rivet-free connection is a connection technology for connecting the plates together by performing pressure processing on the plates through a rivet-free stamping die and utilizing the cold deformation capability of the plates to locally deform the plates. The rivet-free connection technology is widely applied to connection of metal plates in the industries of automobiles, aerospace and household appliances, and mainly processes thin plate metals.
In the prior art, the quality detection of the joint without rivet connection is to cut the joint, and the mechanical lock structure parameter of the joint is measured by using a thickness measuring tool, and the detection method is a spot check mode and can not detect each product on the production line; in addition, the method detects the mechanical lock structure of the joint, replaces mechanical properties with structural features, ignores the stress strain of stamping cracks and stress concentrated under long-time use, and has uncertainty on the detection of the service life of the joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: a quality detection method for a joint formed by rivet-free connection of metal materials is provided, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme is as follows: a quality detection method of a joint formed by rivet-free connection of metal materials comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-screening joints of the rivet-free connection products to obtain a test sample;
step 2: acquiring joint bottom thickness data of a test sample, and performing destructive testing on the joint of the test sample;
step 3: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the performance data obtained by the destructive test;
step 4: collecting the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product to be detected, and screening the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product to be detected by utilizing the standard reaching range to obtain a mechanically locked standard reaching joint corresponding to the joint bottom thickness data in the standard reaching range;
step 5: obtaining fracture morphology images of the mechanically locked standard joint, wherein the fracture morphology images comprise a dent position fracture morphology image and a necking position fracture morphology image;
step 6: screening the mechanically locked standard-reaching joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image of the necking position to obtain a necking standard-reaching joint;
step 7: and screening the necked-in standard joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image at the concave position to obtain the quality standard joint.
Further, the pre-screening the joint of the rivet-free connection product to obtain the test sample comprises:
screening the joint of the rivet-free connection product according to a pre-screening standard by utilizing a detection mode of combining manual detection and penetration detection to obtain a test sample;
wherein, the prescreening criteria are that the joint does not exhibit twisting, tilting, wrinkling, loosening and surface macrocracks.
Further, the obtaining the joint bottom thickness data of the test sample includes:
step 21: collecting distance data of the joint by using a bottom thickness measuring device;
step 22: constructing a three-dimensional shape model of the joint by using the distance data;
step 23: and obtaining joint bottom thickness data by using the three-dimensional morphology model.
Further, the bottom thickness measuring device comprises a material conveying device, an upper ranging sensor, a lower ranging sensor and a data processing unit, wherein the material conveying device is used for directionally conveying a rivetless product, the upper ranging sensor is arranged above the material conveying device and is used for continuously collecting upper side distance data between the upper ranging sensor and the upper surface of the rivetless product, the lower ranging sensor is arranged below the material conveying device and is used for continuously collecting lower side distance data between the lower ranging sensor and the lower surface of the rivetless product, the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data are synchronously collected, the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data are used as distance data, a conveying path provided by the material conveying device for the rivetless product passes through the collecting range of the upper ranging sensor and the lower ranging sensor, the output ends of the upper ranging sensor and the lower ranging sensor are electrically connected with the input end of the data processing unit, and the data processing unit utilizes the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data to construct a three-dimensional shape model.
Further, the constructing a three-dimensional shape model of the joint using the upper distance data and the lower distance data includes:
step 221: fitting all upper side distance data of the same time point to obtain an upper side joint profile;
step 222: fitting a continuous upper joint profile to obtain an upper joint profile surface;
step 223: obtaining a lower joint profile surface in the same manner as the fitting of the upper joint profile surface;
step 224: stitching the profile surface of the upper joint and the profile surface of the lower joint to obtain a three-dimensional shape model of the joint;
the period of continuous acquisition of the upper ranging sensor and the lower ranging sensor is matched with the conveying speed of the material conveying equipment.
Further, the obtaining the joint bottom thickness data by using the three-dimensional morphology model includes:
step 231: acquiring the diameter of an upper die punch of a rivet-free stamping die, and taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is A times as the effective bottom thickness length;
step 232: the method comprises the steps of defining a bottom thickness area, wherein the bottom thickness area is a space area of a surface area obtained by taking the center point of a profile surface of a lower side joint as a circle center and the effective bottom thickness length as a diameter on a longitudinal axis;
step 233: and taking data contained in the upper side joint profile surface and the lower side joint profile surface in the bottom thickness area as joint bottom thickness data.
Further, the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data obtained by utilizing the performance data obtained by the destructive test comprises the following steps:
step 31: screening the rivet-free connection products with the performance data reaching the standard to obtain short-term products reaching the standard;
step 32: obtaining middle joint bottom thickness data according to the joint bottom thickness data of the short-term standard product;
step 33: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the median joint bottom thickness data and the stamping processing error data;
wherein the performance data comprises tensile strength data and shear strength data; the model of the rivetless stamping die, the driving data of the rivetless stamping die and the plate data of the rivetless connection product (1) are input into stamping simulation software, and stamping processing error data is output by using the simulation software.
Further, the fracture morphology image is acquired using an induction thermal imaging technique or an X-ray technique.
Further, utilize concave position fracture morphology image screening necking to reach standard joint obtains quality to reach standard joint includes:
step 71: taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is C times as the crack screening length;
step 72: defining a crack unimpeded region, wherein the crack unimpeded region is a space region taking the axis of the bottom thick region as an axis and taking the crack screening length as a diameter;
step 73: taking joints except the crack unimpeded area as crack hidden danger areas;
step 74: judging whether a risk crack exists in the crack hidden danger area, if so, enabling the rivet-free connection product to be a short-term standard product; otherwise, the non-rivet connection product is a long-term standard product, and the long-term standard product is used as a quality standard connector.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the nondestructive screening standard is formulated by carrying out destructive experiments on part of the pre-screened products, and crack screening is carried out on the mechanically locked standard joint selected by the nondestructive screening standard, so that the crack products influencing the service life are removed, the qualified products with long-time effective mechanical properties are obtained, and the production line products can be detected one by one while the detection quality is high, so that the quality of each product is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a quality inspection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the midsole thickness measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the joint of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the upper and lower side joint profiles at a certain point in the present invention.
The reference numerals are: 1. a rivet-free joining product; 2. a joint; 21. a first plate; 22. a second plate; 3. an upper ranging sensor; 4. a lower ranging sensor; 5. a material conveying device.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting the quality of a joint formed by rivet-free connection of metal materials comprises the following steps:
step 1: pre-screening the joint 2 of the rivet-free connection product 1 to obtain a test sample;
step 2: acquiring joint bottom thickness data of a test sample, and performing destructive testing on the joint of the test sample;
step 3: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the performance data obtained by the destructive test;
step 4: collecting the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product 1 to be detected, and screening the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product 1 to be detected by utilizing the standard reaching range to obtain a mechanically locked standard reaching joint corresponding to the joint bottom thickness data in the standard reaching range; the joint 2 is a mechanical lock structure made of a first plate 21 and a second plate 22 as shown in fig. 3;
step 5: obtaining fracture morphology images of the mechanically locked standard joint, wherein the fracture morphology images comprise a dent position fracture morphology image and a necking position fracture morphology image;
step 6: screening the mechanically locked standard-reaching joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image of the necking position to obtain a necking standard-reaching joint;
step 7: and screening the necked-in standard joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image at the concave position to obtain the quality standard joint.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
screening the joint 2 of the rivet-free connection product 1 according to a pre-screening standard by utilizing a detection mode of combining manual detection and penetration detection to obtain a test sample; the pre-screening criteria are, among other things, that the joint 2 does not exhibit twisting, tilting, buckling, loosening and surface macrocracks.
Specifically, manual detection comprises two detection links of manual visual inspection and manual pulling, and during pre-screening, the joints 2 with twist, inclination, folds and macroscopic cracks on the outer surface are removed by manual visual inspection; then, firmly detecting the joint 2 screened by manual visual inspection in a manual pulling mode so as to remove the loose joint 2; and detecting tiny cracks on the outer surface of the joint 2 by utilizing penetration detection, wherein although the imaging performance of the tiny cracks can be improved by adopting a color penetration mode, the tiny crack judgment difference can be caused by manual vision and thought difference, so that the characteristics of the tiny cracks can be obtained from the data angle by judging by means of a computer platform after photographing the joint 2 with the penetration thickness, the condition of the cracks on the outer surface of the joint 2 is judged by the density of the tiny cracks, the joint 2 with the crack linear density ρ of 0.04-0.08 is selected as a test sample (when the crack linear density ρ reaches a section smaller than 0.04, the thickness of the joint bottom is extremely small or extremely large, and at the moment, the joint bottom cannot form a stable mechanical lock structure), and when the crack linear density ρ is larger than a section of 0.08, the stability of the joint 2 under external tensile stress or shearing stress is difficult to ensure).
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 21: collecting distance data of the joint 2 by using a bottom thickness measuring device;
step 22: constructing a three-dimensional shape model of the joint 2 by using the distance data;
step 23: and obtaining joint bottom thickness data by using the three-dimensional morphology model.
As shown in fig. 2, the bottom thickness measuring device in step 21 includes a material conveying device 5, an upper ranging sensor 3, a lower ranging sensor 4 and a data processing unit, where the material conveying device 5 is used for directionally conveying a rivetless product 1, the rivetless product 1 is a product that is formed by punching out joints 2 on two metal plates by using a rivetless punching die, the structure of the rivetless product 1 is different, and in order to ensure that the matching between the positions and the postures of the joints 2 and the upper ranging sensor 3 and the lower ranging sensor 4 is stable, the joints 2 need to be placed on the material conveying device 5 by means of a jig;
to facilitate the presentation of the position of the joint 2, a cartesian coordinate system is established, the direction of movement of the rivet-free connection product 1 on the material transfer device 5 being defined as the Y-axis direction;
the upper ranging sensor 3 is arranged above the material conveying equipment 5, a plurality of detection sites of the upper ranging sensor 3 are uniformly distributed along the directions of the vertical axis and the Y axis, the upper ranging sensor 3 is used for continuously collecting upper distance data between the upper ranging sensor 3 and the upper surface of the rivetless product 1 (because the installation position of the upper ranging sensor 3 is determined, that is, the coordinates of each detection site on the X axis and the Z axis placed in a Cartesian coordinate system are fixed, the upper distance data is divided into a distance L representing the distance from the detection site to the upper surface of the rivetless product 1 1 A fixed space point coordinate is also included), a lower ranging sensor 4 is arranged below the material conveying device 5, and the lower ranging sensor 4 is used for continuously collecting lower distance data of the lower ranging sensor 4 and the lower surface of the rivetless product 1 (the lower ranging sensor 4 and the upper ranging sensor 3 have the same working principle, and the lower distance data and the information which can be expressed by the upper distance data are similar, and all comprise the space point coordinate and the distance L from the detection site of the lower ranging sensor 4 to the lower surface of the rivetless product 1 2 ），L 1 And L 2 Synchronously acquiring upper side distance data and lower side distance data with the same X-axis coordinates in a corresponding relation, and taking the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data as distance data;
the material conveying device 5 provides a conveying path for the rivet-free connection product 1 to pass through the collecting ranges of the upper ranging sensor 3 and the lower ranging sensor 4. The output ends of the upper ranging sensor 3 and the lower ranging sensor 4 are electrically connected with the input end of the data processing unit, and the data processing unit utilizes the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data to construct a three-dimensional shape model of the joint 2.
As shown in fig. 3, step 22 specifically includes:
step 221: fitting all upper side distance data of the same time point to obtain an upper side joint profile;
the upper ranging sensor 3 is arranged on the ordinate S 1 Is provided with a lower ranging sensor 4 mounted on the ordinate S 2 The detection sites on the upper ranging sensor 3 and the detection sites on the lower ranging sensor 4 are matched one by one (namely, the detection sites of the upper ranging sensor 3 and the detection sites of the lower ranging sensor 4 exist on the Z axis of the acquisition range), when the joint 2 moves into the acquisition ranges of the upper ranging sensor 3 and the lower ranging sensor 4, a plurality of detection sites of the upper ranging sensor 3 can acquire L 1 Subtracting L from the ordinate of the spatial coordinates of the detection site 1 Obtaining the space coordinates of the measured point, taking the space coordinates of a certain detection site as (X, Y, S) 1 ) For example, the spatial coordinate system of the measured points on the upper surface of the joint 2 is (X, Y, S 1 -L 1 ) Fitting all measured points acquired by the upper ranging sensor 3 at the same moment into an upper side joint profile F by utilizing MATLAB 1（t） =（X，S 1 -L 1 ) Upper side joint profile F 1（t） The upper surface contour of the joint 2 in the X-Y plane passing through the upper range sensor 3 at time t is shown.
Step 222: fitting a continuous upper joint profile to obtain an upper joint profile surface;
after the joint 2 passes through the upper ranging sensor 3, step 221 fits a plurality of upper joint profiles, the upper joint profiles are arranged with a gap being the product of the speed of the material conveying device 5 conveying the joint 2 and the acquisition period of the upper ranging sensor 3, and the MATLAB is used to fit a plurality of upper joint profiles F 1（t） =（X，S 1 -L 1 ) Fitting into upper joint wheelProfile surface M 1（t） =（Y （t） ，F 1（t） ). The period of continuous acquisition of the upper ranging sensor 3 is matched with the conveying speed of the material conveying equipment 5, namely, the acquisition period is short when the conveying speed is high, so that the quantity of effective data is ensured to be enough to fit the requirement.
Step 223: obtaining a lower joint profile surface in the same manner as the fitting of the upper joint profile surface; lower joint profile surface M 2（t） =（Y （t） ，F 2（t） ) The fitting method of (2) is not described in detail. Step 224: stitching the profile surface of the upper joint and the profile surface of the lower joint to obtain a three-dimensional shape model of the joint 2;
because the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data with the same X-axis coordinate are in a corresponding relationship with each other, the MATLAB is utilized to seam the side joint profile surface M 1（t） And lower joint profile surface M 2（t） =（Y （t） ，F 2（t） ) Obtaining a three-dimensional morphology model V= (M) of the joint 2 1（t） ，M 2（t） Z). The three-dimensional shape model of the joint 2 is matched with performance data obtained by destructive testing, can be used for researching the structure of the joint 2 and the performance of the joint 2, and has positive effect on the design of a rivetless stamping die.
Step 23 specifically includes:
step 231: acquiring the diameter of an upper die punch of a rivet-free stamping die, and taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is A times as the effective bottom thickness length;
step 232: the bottom thickness area is defined, and the bottom thickness area is a space area of a surface area obtained by taking the center point of the profile surface of the lower side joint as a circle center and the effective bottom thickness length as the diameter on a longitudinal axis;
step 233: taking data contained in the upper side joint profile surface and the lower side joint profile surface in the bottom thickness area as joint bottom thickness data; joint bottom thickness data n= { M 1（t） ，M 2（t） }。
In order to prevent the rivet-free stamping die from causing the stretching part of the rivet-free connected product 1 to be pulled apart, the rivet-free stamping die is designed with a stretching fillet, the diameter of an upper die punch which is A times of the diameter of an effective bottom thickness is selected as an effective bottom thickness length, a space area close to the stretching fillet is abandoned when the bottom thickness area is defined, the effective bottom thickness length is marked as delta X, in fig. 4, joint bottom thickness data in the bottom thickness area are concentrated to a position closer to the center of a circle, and the bottom thickness area is defined to improve the accuracy of the data; specifically, the design of the stretching fillet is related to the stretching diameter, and the optional A is 0.5-0.8 (the stretching fillet generally does not exceed one tenth of the stretching diameter, and the number of the bottom thickness data of the joint is guaranteed), and the specific value of A is determined according to the actual situation and is not specifically limited herein.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31: screening the rivet-free connection product 1 with the performance data reaching the standard to obtain a short-term product reaching the standard;
step 32: obtaining middle joint bottom thickness data according to the joint bottom thickness data of the short-term standard product;
step 33: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the median joint bottom thickness data and the stamping processing error data; wherein the performance data includes tensile strength data and shear strength data; the model of the rivetless stamping die, the driving data of the rivetless stamping die and the plate data of the rivetless connection product (1) are input into stamping simulation software, and stamping processing error data is output by using the simulation software.
The index for determining that the performance data of the rivet-free connection product 1 meets the standard is related to the design of the joint 2, and the judgment standard of each product is determined according to the product requirement. Specifically, in step 31, the rivet-free stamping die is generally qualified, and if there is a defect in the design of the rivet-free stamping die, the rivet-free stamping die can be optimized by using the three-dimensional shape model and the performance data of the joint 2.
The unstable output effect of the rivetless stamping die is caused by the driving of the stamping equipment, and is mainly characterized in that the stamping stroke of the upper die is subjected to uncertain change, when the stamping stroke is smaller than a normal value, the stamping effect of the upper die punch cannot enable the plate II 22 to be fully contacted with the lower die cavity, so that the deformation of the plate I21 and the plate II 22 is insufficient, a mechanical lock structure with the standard of mechanical property cannot be formed, and the performance data cannot reach the standard; when the punching press row is greater than normal value, panel one 21 and panel two 22 overload extrusion in last mould drift and lower die cavity, mechanical lock receives mechanical damage, and performance data is not up to standard yet (overload extrusion probably causes better mechanical lock structure, but this kind of mechanical lock structure is inside to have stress concentration, and short-term mechanical locking performance becomes better, but in long-term use, takes place the crackle under stress strain and breeds, leads to joint 2's effective life-span shorter).
The sheet thickness and the material of the rivet-free connection product 1 all influence the forming correlation of the joint 2, the error of the base material can amplify the stamping processing error, when the sheet thickness is larger than the normal value, the mechanical lock is mechanically damaged, when the sheet thickness is smaller than the normal value, the mechanical property of the mechanical lock is insufficient, when the material hardness is larger than the normal value, the joint 2 is easy to crack, the long-term aging use of the joint 2 is not facilitated, and when the material hardness is smaller than the normal value, the mechanical property of the mechanical lock is insufficient.
Because step 31 eliminates mechanically locked non-compliant joints, in step 32, the joint bottom thickness data of the short-term compliant product are valid data, indicating that the second sheet 22 is in full contact with the lower die cavity during the stamping process, i.e., M in the joint bottom thickness data 1（t） The difference is very small, the judgment of the quality of the joint 2 is not influenced, and the joint can be directly used as M in the middle joint bottom thickness data 1（t） The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Because all the joint bottom thickness data are acquired by the bottom thickness measuring device, M in the joint bottom thickness data 2（t） The data in the X-Y plane are all the same, with the difference that the Z-axis data is different, S 2 -L 2 In the thickness data of all joints, the median is calculated on the ordinate of the same position on the X-Y plane, and the calculated median and the corresponding position data on the X-Y plane are combined into M in the thickness data of the middle joint 2（t） The above-mentioned median of ordinate is to remove the connector 2 with superior mechanical locking performance, so as to prevent abnormal data caused by overload output of the rivetless stamping die from being adopted.
In step 33, the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data is obtained by the stamping processing error data and the median joint bottom thickness data obtained by the stamping simulation software, and M is included in the median joint bottom thickness data 2（t） Is marked as H, and stamping error data is marked asθ, M in joint bottom thickness data 2（t） The standard reaching range on the vertical axis is H.+ -. θ, because of the screening of step 31, M in the joint bottom thickness data 2（t） The standard reaching range on the vertical axis can represent M in the joint bottom thickness data 2（t） Is up to standard.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 41: judging M in joint bottom thickness data of to-be-detected rivet-free connection product 1 1（t） Whether or not to be M in median joint bottom thickness data 1（t） Matching; wherein the difference between the two is the difference of the ordinate and the difference of the ordinate at the same position on the X-Y plane, and the judgment basis is M in the joint bottom thickness data of the product 1 without rivet connection to be detected 1（t） M in the ordinate data of (1) and the median joint bottom thickness data 1（t） If the difference between the ordinate data of the two is smaller than 0.01mm, the two are matched, step 42 can be performed, otherwise, the two are matched, and the product 1 to be detected without rivet connection is unqualified.
Step 42: judging M in joint bottom thickness data of to-be-detected rivet-free connection product 1 2（t） Whether or not in the median joint bottom thickness data 2（t） If the standard is within the standard, the non-rivet connection product 1 is a mechanically locked standard connector, otherwise, the non-rivet connection product 1 to be detected is unqualified.
Specifically, the fracture morphology image in step 5 is obtained by using an induction thermal imaging technique or an X-ray technique. Step 1 to step 4 are to screen the rivet-free connection product 1 according to the pre-screening and mechanical stress testing standard product characteristic as standard screen, the selected mechanical locking standard joint can only show that the mechanical property of the joint is qualified in a short time, and in long-time application of practical working conditions, cracks (mainly cracks on the contact surface of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22) of the joint 2 can continuously grow under the external action, so that the service life of the joint is uncertain, and therefore, the internal cracks of the joint 2 need to be detected through fracture morphology images.
And 6, screening the mechanically locked standard-reaching joint, wherein the standard is that the crack length is not more than B times of necking length, B is related to the service life and the service environment of the joint 2, the longer the service life is, the smaller the B value is, the worse the service environment is, the smaller the B value is, and the preferable B is 0.1-0.2.
The step 7 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 71: taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is C times as the crack screening length;
step 72: defining a crack unimpeded region, wherein the crack unimpeded region is a space region taking the axis of the bottom thick region as an axis and taking the crack screening length as a diameter;
step 73: taking the joint 2 except the crack unimpeded area as a crack hidden danger area;
step 74: judging whether a risk crack exists in the crack hidden danger area, if so, enabling the rivet-free connection product 1 to be a short-term standard product; otherwise, the non-rivet connection product 1 is a long-term standard product, and the long-term standard product is used as a quality standard connector. Specifically, a risk crack refers to a crack line density in the area of the crack hazard of greater than 0.08.
The joint 2 is stressed more intensively near the necking position when being stressed by tensile force and shearing force, so that a crack unimpeded area far away from the necking position is formed, the change of cracks in the area in long-term use is smaller, the quality inspection scale of the crack unimpeded area is lower, the crack hidden danger area is near the necking, the crack in the crack hidden danger area needs quality inspection attention related to the service life, the size of the crack unimpeded area is related to the crack screening length, the upper die punch diameter which is limited to be C times is used as the crack screening length for clearly dividing the judging range, the selection of C is required to meet the safety distance between the crack unimpeded area and the necking position, and the C can be determined to be between 0.4 and 0.6.
In particular, the obtaining cost of the fracture morphology image is higher, so that the cost of each rivet-free connection product 1 is higher in production, the standard reaching range of the bottom thickness data of the connector in the step 33 can be set to be H+/-Dθ in the quality detection of the connector 2, wherein D is smaller than 1, so that the mechanical locking standard reaching connector obtained in the step 4 is greatly reduced, the quality guarantee of the mechanical locking standard reaching connector is higher because the bottom thickness data of the connector is closer to an ideal value under simulation, the mechanical locking standard reaching connector is directly judged to be the quality standard reaching connector in order to reduce the cost of obtaining the fracture morphology image, the execution object of the step 5 is changed to be the mechanical locking standard failing connector, and then the quality standard reaching connector in the mechanical locking standard failing connector is obtained through the steps 6 and 7 in sequence.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all such equivalent changes belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the metal material in a rivet-free connection mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: pre-screening the joint (2) of the rivet-free connection product (1) to obtain a test sample;
step 2: acquiring joint bottom thickness data of a test sample, and performing destructive testing on the joint of the test sample;
step 3: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the performance data obtained by the destructive test;
step 4: collecting the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product (1) to be detected, and screening the joint bottom thickness data of the non-rivet connected product (1) to be detected by utilizing the standard reaching range to obtain a mechanical locking standard reaching joint corresponding to the joint bottom thickness data in the standard reaching range;
step 5: obtaining fracture morphology images of the mechanically locked standard joint, wherein the fracture morphology images comprise a dent position fracture morphology image and a necking position fracture morphology image;
step 6: screening the mechanically locked standard-reaching joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image of the necking position to obtain a necking standard-reaching joint;
step 7: and screening the necked-in standard joint by utilizing the fracture morphology image at the concave position to obtain the quality standard joint.
2. The method for detecting the quality of a joint of a metal material without rivet connection according to claim 1, wherein the pre-screening of the joint (2) of the rivet-free connection product (1) to obtain a test sample comprises:
screening the joint (2) of the rivet-free connection product (1) according to a pre-screening standard by utilizing a detection mode of matching manual detection with penetration detection to obtain a test sample;
wherein the pre-screening criteria are that the joint (2) does not exhibit twisting, tilting, wrinkling, loosening and surface macrocracks.
3. The method for detecting the quality of a joint of a metal material without rivet connection according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the joint bottom thickness data of the test sample comprises:
step 21: acquiring distance data of the joint (2) by using a bottom thickness measuring device;
step 22: constructing a three-dimensional shape model of the joint (2) by using the distance data;
step 23: and obtaining joint bottom thickness data by using the three-dimensional morphology model.
4. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the metal material without rivet connection according to claim 3, wherein the bottom thickness measuring device comprises a material conveying device (5), an upper ranging sensor (3), a lower ranging sensor (4) and a data processing unit, the material conveying device (5) is used for directionally conveying a product (1) without rivet connection, the upper ranging sensor (3) is arranged above the material conveying device (5), the upper ranging sensor (3) is used for continuously collecting upper distance data between the upper ranging sensor (3) and the upper surface of the product (1) without rivet connection, the lower ranging sensor (4) is arranged below the material conveying device (5), the lower ranging sensor (4) is used for continuously collecting lower distance data of the lower ranging sensor (4) and the lower surface of the rivetless product (1), the upper distance data and the lower distance data are synchronously collected, the upper distance data and the lower distance data are used as distance data, the material conveying equipment (5) passes through the collecting range of the upper ranging sensor (3) and the lower ranging sensor (4) for a conveying path provided by the rivetless product (1), the output ends of the upper ranging sensor (3) and the lower ranging sensor (4) are electrically connected with the input end of the data processing unit, the data processing unit utilizes the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data to construct a three-dimensional shape model of the joint (2).
5. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the metal material rivet-free connection according to claim 4, wherein the constructing a three-dimensional shape model of the joint (2) by using the upper side distance data and the lower side distance data comprises:
step 221: fitting all upper side distance data of the same time point to obtain an upper side joint profile;
step 222: fitting a continuous upper joint profile to obtain an upper joint profile surface;
step 223: obtaining a lower joint profile surface in the same manner as the fitting of the upper joint profile surface;
step 224: stitching the profile surface of the upper joint and the profile surface of the lower joint to obtain a three-dimensional shape model of the joint (2);
the period of continuous acquisition of the upper ranging sensor (3) and the lower ranging sensor (4) is matched with the conveying speed of the material conveying equipment (5).
6. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the metal material without rivet connection according to claim 5, wherein the step of obtaining the joint bottom thickness data by using the three-dimensional morphology model comprises the following steps:
step 231: obtaining the diameter of an upper die punch of a rivetless stamping die, and taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is A times as the effective bottom thickness length, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.8;
step 232: the method comprises the steps of defining a bottom thickness area, wherein the bottom thickness area is a space area of a surface area obtained by taking the center point of a profile surface of a lower side joint as a circle center and the effective bottom thickness length as a diameter on a longitudinal axis;
step 233: and taking data contained in the upper side joint profile surface and the lower side joint profile surface in the bottom thickness area as joint bottom thickness data.
7. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the rivet-free connection of the metal materials according to claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by using the performance data obtained by the destructive testing comprises the following steps:
step 31: screening the rivet-free connection products (1) with the performance data reaching the standard to obtain short-term products reaching the standard;
step 32: obtaining middle joint bottom thickness data according to the joint bottom thickness data of the short-term standard product;
step 33: obtaining the standard reaching range of the joint bottom thickness data by utilizing the median joint bottom thickness data and the stamping processing error data;
wherein the performance data comprises tensile strength data and shear strength data; the model of the rivetless stamping die, the driving data of the rivetless stamping die and the plate data of the rivetless connection product (1) are input into stamping simulation software, and stamping processing error data is output by using the simulation software.
8. The method for detecting the quality of a joint of a metal material without rivet connection according to claim 7, wherein the fracture morphology image is obtained by using an induction thermal imaging technology or an X-ray technology.
9. The method for detecting the quality of the joint of the metal material without rivet connection according to claim 8, wherein the step of screening the necked-in standard joint by using the image of the fracture morphology of the concave position to obtain the quality standard joint comprises the following steps:
step 71: taking the diameter of the upper die punch which is C times as the crack screening length, wherein C is more than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6;
step 72: defining a crack unimpeded region, wherein the crack unimpeded region is a space region taking the axis of the bottom thick region as an axis and taking the crack screening length as a diameter;
step 73: taking the joint (2) except the crack unimpeded area as a crack hidden danger area;
step 74: judging whether a risk crack exists in the crack hidden danger area, if so, enabling the rivet-free connection product (1) to be a short-term standard product; otherwise, the non-rivet connection product (1) is a long-term standard product, and the long-term standard product is used as a quality standard connector.
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