CN116427988A - Gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling - Google Patents
Gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gas mining area rescue and relief work, and discloses a gas mining area drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling, which comprises a (one) shaft sealing stage; a drilling stage, namely setting nitrogen injection holes and plugging holes according to the ignition point positions; and (III) in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage, performing three-section nitrogen injection fire extinguishing and cooling according to the mine fire condition. According to the scheme, the shaft is timely sealed after the fire disaster situation is found, so that the influence on CO and O in underground air caused by the fact that external air floods into the underground in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing process can be effectively avoided 2 Gas (mainly CH) 4 ) The content of key gases is monitored, so that the development of fire is controlled after the underground air is replaced by the subsequent nitrogen injection, the range of fire influence is prevented from being enlarged, and the occurrence of secondary accidents in the underground rescue process is effectively prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas mining area rescue and relief work, in particular to a gas mining area drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling.
Background
Mines with a relative gas emission of greater than 10 cubic meters per ton and an absolute gas emission of greater than 40 cubic meters per minute are generally referred to as high gas mines. When working under a mine, a coal face is often built by using inflammable substances such as basketry sheets, wood piles and the like, and when the temperature rises and the spontaneous combustion temperature of the coal is reached, the coal can be spontaneous-burned, so that inflammable substances can be ignited to cause a fire disaster. When a fire disaster occurs, not only the incomplete combustion of coal and inflammables can lead the content of CO in a mine tunnel to rise sharply, so that the fire extinguishing difficulty is increased; meanwhile, underground gas (methane and the like) is easy to ignite, so that the fire disaster is further enlarged, even gas explosion occurs, property is lost, and even life is endangered. Therefore, it is very important to extinguish the fire in the mine pit in time.
At present, the fire extinguishing methods of the mining areas of mines mainly comprise a water injection method, a grouting method, a fire retardant injection method and an inert foam gas injection method. However, because the high-gas mine has high gas content and lighter density and is often positioned above a roadway, the fire extinguishing method has lower fire extinguishing effect on the high-gas mine; in addition, the fire extinguishing methods all need to extinguish fire in the coal mine, which can greatly threaten the personal safety of the personnel involved in fire extinguishment; in addition, compared with the common mine, the high-gas mine has higher response rate requirement on the fire extinguishing method due to higher probability of explosion after the fire disaster is caused by higher gas and shorter reaction time. Therefore, the conventional mine fire extinguishing method cannot realize rapid fire extinguishing of the high-gas mine, and a rapid fire extinguishing method which is high in safety, high in fire extinguishing efficiency, high in response speed and suitable for the high-gas mine is needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling, which aims to solve the technical problem that the existing conventional fire extinguishing method cannot quickly extinguish high-gas mine fires.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling comprises a shaft sealing stage, wherein a measure hole is reserved when a shaft is sealed; a drilling stage, namely setting nitrogen injection holes and plugging holes according to the ignition point positions; and (III) in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage, three-stage nitrogen injection fire extinguishing and cooling are carried out according to the condition of mine fire, and underground air is replaced through the mine pressure difference formed by nitrogen injection.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:
1. according to the scheme, the shaft is timely sealed after the fire disaster situation is found, so that the influence on CO and O in underground air caused by the fact that external air floods into the underground in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing process can be effectively avoided 2 Gas (mainly CH) 4 ) The content of key gases is monitored, so that the development of fire is controlled after the underground air is replaced by the subsequent nitrogen injection, the range of fire influence is prevented from being enlarged, and the occurrence of secondary accidents in the underground rescue process is effectively prevented. Meanwhile, liquid nitrogen filling fire extinguishing mainly relies on rapid replacement and heat exchange of underground air in the process of nitrogen filling-pressure relief, sealing of a shaft can also achieve single-direction flow of underground air flow in the process of nitrogen filling fire extinguishing, and accordingly the replacement speed of the underground air is increased, and fire extinguishing is rapidly achieved.
2. The nitrogen injection hole is used for injecting nitrogen into the underground space, the plugging hole is used for sampling and detecting underground air, water samples and the like during liquid nitrogen injection on the one hand, and the plugging hole can be used for remedying and injecting liquid nitrogen for underground reburning fire after the injection and plugging of the nitrogen injection hole are completed on the other hand so as to ensure the fire extinguishing effect. In addition, this scheme is through setting up annotating nitrogen hole and shutoff hole and effectively realizing annotating nitrogen and put out a fire and the in-process underground sampling detection of putting out a fire, is convenient for carry out real-time supervision to the process of putting out a fire, realizes accurate fire extinguishing to can be to annotating the nitrogen volume and carry out the accuse, effectively avoid nitrogen gas to pour into too much and lead to the cost of putting out a fire to increase.
3. When nitrogen is injected to extinguish fire, the injected liquid nitrogen is firstly gasified into nitrogen, the volume of the liquid nitrogen is rapidly expanded to be pressed into the bottom of the mine, and the original air in the mine is extruded along with the continuous injection and gasification of the liquid nitrogen into the nitrogen and is discharged by a gas drainage system and a shaft sealing measure pipe, so that the nitrogen replaces the original underground air (especially O) 2 CO and CH 4 Gas), reducing the risk of re-ignition of the downhole ignition point; meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen vaporization absorbs heat to reduce the underground temperature, and finally, fire extinguishment is realized. According to the scheme, three-section nitrogen injection fire extinguishing and cooling are performed according to the fire extinguishing process of the underground fire, so that the nitrogen injection quantity is effectively reduced, unnecessary nitrogen injection waste is avoided, and the cost is saved. In addition, nitrogen is injected in stagesAnd the filled nitrogen can be fully heat-exchanged with air and surrounding rock, so that adverse effects on underground equipment caused by too fast temperature drop and too low temperature are prevented.
Preferably, the three-stage nitrogen injection includes: a. high-flow liquid nitrogen filling is carried out in the early stage of fire extinguishment; b. reducing the nitrogen injection flow when the temperature of the underground air is rapidly reduced; c. and (5) intermittently injecting nitrogen when the air temperature is reduced to 0 ℃.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the continuous high-flux nitrogen injection method, the method has the advantages that the fire extinguishing cost is easy to be remarkably increased, the nitrogen injection flow and the nitrogen injection time are adjusted in different fire extinguishing stages, the nitrogen injection amount can be reduced on the basis of ensuring fire extinguishing and cooling effects, the injected nitrogen can be fully heat exchanged with air and surrounding rock, the damage to underground equipment caused by too fast temperature drop and too low temperature is prevented, and therefore equipment maintenance cost and nitrogen injection cost are reduced. The applicant finds through experiments that the liquid nitrogen is injected to extinguish the fire under the condition that the shaft is closed, 270t of liquid nitrogen is injected under the condition that the fire is thoroughly extinguished (about 1 day of nitrogen injection quantity, such as nitrogen injection holes and plugging holes are used for simultaneously injecting nitrogen when large-flow nitrogen is injected, the nitrogen injection flow can reach 20 t/h), so that the temperature of underground air can be reduced by 20 ℃, the underground quick fire extinguishing and cooling can be realized, and the harm of underground fire house can be effectively reduced; when the underground temperature is rapidly reduced, the nitrogen injection flow (such as the nitrogen injection flow of 5-10 t/h) is reduced until the air temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, intermittent nitrogen injection is selected (such as nitrogen injection is only carried out for 8-12h each day, normal sampling and detection are carried out for the rest time, and the underground air and fire extinguishing condition are monitored), so that damage to underground equipment caused by too fast temperature reduction and too low temperature can be effectively avoided; and the mine unsealing can be simulated by the rising of the temperature of underground air during the period of no nitrogen injection, so that a theoretical basis is provided for the mine unsealing, and the recovery production of the mine is realized.
Preferably, the nitrogen injection hole is of a three-level hole body structure, the direction from the ground to the mine is sequentially first, second and third, the plugging hole is of a two-level hole body structure, and the direction from the ground to the mine is sequentially first and second.
The beneficial effects are that: this scheme can effectively avoid the hole body to collapse and influence drilling effect when drilling is darker through setting up the three-layer hole body that annotates the nitrogen hole, can also effectively avoid the liquid nitrogen vaporization to strike the hole body when filling liquid nitrogen and lead to the hole body temperature deformation and influence the effect of putting out a fire. In particular, the inventors have found during long-term operation that the following details need to be taken into account when drilling the nitrogen hole: A. the drilling hole is required to be cased, and the casing and the rock wall cracks are filled after the casing is cased; B. the drilling hole after the casing is put into the hole must bear the stress of the rock wall and the gravity of the casing, and the requirement on the casing is very high (carbon steel is equivalent to special steel); C. the nitrogen gas after the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen is injected into the well at about minus 20 ℃ to resist low temperature (such as thermal expansion and contraction resistance and low temperature brittleness); D. the vaporized liquid nitrogen is input into the goaf through the drilling sleeve, and the tail sleeve is provided with sieve holes, so that the nitrogen diffusion is facilitated; E. the drilling holes have directional and visual functions, so that the terminal positions are more accurate in a firing area, and the requirements of fire extinguishing work are met.
Preferably, the one-opening depth is 10-30 m, the diameter-changing depth between the one-opening and the two-opening is based on the fact that the stable and complete bedrock 5m is seen, and the three-opening depth is 10-30 m.
The beneficial effects are that: in the drilling process, the diameter-changing drilling between the first opening and the second opening often needs proper diameter-changing depth to ensure that the structures of the first opening and the second opening are stable, and the scheme can effectively avoid the drilling failure caused by Kong Shen collapse due to the fact that the diameter-changing drilling in an unstable stratum can be effectively avoided by using the stable bedrock 5m for practical drilling during diameter changing. In addition, the scheme is convenient for setting drilling strategies aiming at geological conditions of different drilling sites by limiting the depths of one opening and three openings, so that the strength of the hole body is further improved, collapse is prevented, and the method can be effectively adapted to the load capacity of drilling technical equipment.
Preferably, the nitrogen injection hole is positioned at the upper stream of the ignition point and is close to the goaf on the air inlet side of the working face, and the plugging hole is positioned at the lower stream of the ignition point and is close to the junction of the coal face and the air inlet lane.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the nitrogen injection hole is formed in the goaf, so that air (comprising CO and O) in a downhole channel can be conveniently discharged through gas pressure relief after nitrogen injection 2 And key gases such as gas) so as to quickly reach fire extinguishing indexes (namely, the content of CO is reduced to be less than 10 ppm); compared with the existing mine, the mine is discharged through detecting the return air wellThe underground condition is monitored by gas, and the plugging hole is arranged at the junction of the coal face close to the ignition point and the return air well, so that the sampling near the ignition point can be conveniently conducted, the content change of each component in the underground ignition point air can be monitored in real time, and the fire extinguishing progress can be strictly monitored.
Preferably, the nitrogen injection hole is positioned at an intersection point which is vertical to the coal face and 10-15 m of the air inlet roadway; and the three final holes of the nitrogen injection hole are 15-30 m away from the ignition point.
The beneficial effects are that: the high gas mine that this scheme was aimed at is located the position of 300 ~ 500m below ground, and the drilling error of 1 ~ 2m appears at this degree of depth drilling work at present, consequently, the nitrogen injection hole site that this scheme set up is convenient for will annotate three terminal hole sites of nitrogen fire hole and be limited in the regional in the upper reaches goaf that is close to the ignition point under the existence of drilling error, is convenient for pour into the nitrogen gas into the ignition point regional, along with the nitrogen gas diffusion to the regional nearby of ignition point, pushes down the air to other spaces of mine, forms mine malleation, and rethread mine measure hole, gas drainage system etc. pipeline pressure release replacement discharge realize putting out a fire fast.
Preferably, the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage comprises pressure relief, and the pressure difference between the mine and the external atmospheric pressure is 2-5kPa during the pressure relief.
The beneficial effects are that: the scheme can effectively realize positive pressure relief through the mine after the shaft is sealed, promote nitrogen injection and original air discharge in the mine, and remarkably reduce CO and O under the mine 2 And gas content, thereby effectively preventing the spread of fire and the explosion of gas. In addition, the underground gas is subjected to pressure relief treatment while nitrogen is filled, so that the underground equipment damage or the mine influence caused by the overlarge underground pressure after nitrogen is filled can be effectively avoided. The applicant finds through experiments that when the positive pressure of the mine is too low (for example, the internal and external pressure difference between the mine and the outside is smaller than 2 kPa), on one hand, the air replacement in the mine is slower, and the liquid nitrogen amount required by fire extinguishment is seriously increased; on the other hand, the intermittent nitrogen injection terrorist forms negative pressure, and the external air leakage into the mine can cause reburning. When the positive pressure of the mine is 2-5kPa, the nitrogen poured into the mine rapidly extrudes and discharges the original air in the mine, thereby realizingCritical gases in the mine (including CO, O 2 、CH 4 Etc.) to quickly extinguish the fire. When the positive pressure of the mine is too high (for example, more than 5 kPa), excessive nitrogen in the mine will damage underground equipment, so that fire loss is aggravated, and the rapid production after the subsequent mine unsealing is not facilitated. For example, the inventor finds that when fire is extinguished, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside reaches 8000kPa practically, however, a great deal of gas is already measured around cracks and seals around the mine shaft, and the vegetation on the surface of the surrounding positions of the shaft is luxuriant, which causes forest fires. The applicant experiment also finds that after the air pressure of the underground closed area is maintained at 1.05 atmospheres (namely when the internal and external pressure difference is maintained at 5 kPa), the pressure release temperature is maintained at about 0-30 ℃ and the CO concentration is reduced to be less than 0-10 ppm, the underground space is maintained at positive pressure within 30 days after stopping nitrogen injection before unsealing the mine shaft, so that the underground gas and surrounding rock can be fully heat-exchanged, and favorable conditions are created for safe and smooth unsealing.
Preferably, the method further comprises a plugging monitoring stage (IV) which comprises grouting and plugging the nitrogen injection hole after successful fire extinguishment and continuously monitoring downhole data.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, the nitrogen injection holes are subjected to grouting and plugging after successful fire extinguishment, so that the method is convenient for (1) reducing the range of a fire disaster sealing area, and is beneficial to reburning of a fire area caused by air leakage in the whole mine unsealing process; (2) After grouting and plugging are adopted, if the re-combustion condition occurs in the fire area, nitrogen is continuously injected by using the No. 1 drill hole, and is diffused to a return airway, so that an underground air flow loop is not formed any more, and the fire can be continuously extinguished; (3) The nitrogen injection holes of the goaf of the coal face can be utilized to monitor various indexes of the fire in real time under the positive pressure condition, so as to guide the later-stage mine unsealing work; (4) The safety of unsealing work is improved, after sealing, the whole fire area is filled with nitrogen, positive pressure no wind flow exists, the oxygen concentration is lower, and the possibility of gas explosion is lower; (5) After plugging, the method combines all indexes of the fire disaster in the closed area to monitor in real time, so that the nitrogen injection amount is more optimized, and the aim of more economy is achieved.
In addition, by measuring downhole data (including air temperature, water temperature, CO concentration, CH 4 Concentration, O 2 Concentration, pressure difference, etc.), facilitating the extinguishing ofThe fire effect and the underground condition are monitored in real time, so that the condition that the fire area is reburned or gas accidents occur due to abnormal oxygen supply in the underground fire area is effectively prevented, and the preparation for unsealing can be carried out.
Preferably, the plugging detection stage further comprises reinjecting nitrogen through the plugged holes according to fluctuations in the downhole CO content.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the scheme, after the nitrogen injection hole is plugged by grouting, nitrogen is injected again through the plugging hole to extinguish the fire according to the monitored underground data change (such as rising of CO content again caused by reburning), so that the possible reburning phenomenon after fire extinguishment is effectively treated, technical remediation is carried out on the fire extinguishment effect, and the fire extinguishment effect is guaranteed.
The scheme adopts a ground drilling fire extinguishing method filled with liquid nitrogen, mainly extinguishes the fire through the process flow of closed mine-ground drilling-liquid nitrogen filling, and has the following advantages:
(1) The scheme adopts a closed 'closed area nitrogen injection' mode of the whole mine, thereby not only effectively preventing the expansion and spreading of disasters; in addition, fire is extinguished in the closed controllable space, so that the nitrogen utilization rate is effectively improved, and the nitrogen injection amount and the fire extinguishing cost required by fire extinguishment are reduced;
(2) According to the ground drilling method, a ground precise directional drilling technology is adopted, and the visual and drilling can directly reach the ignition point, so that the method is easier to implement than other methods, and the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing effect is improved; by arranging the plugging holes, each index of the ignition area is accurately detected, a basis is provided for nitrogen injection fire extinguishment, and the fire extinguishment effect is ensured;
(3) After the large-flow nitrogen injection is adopted, the ignition point and the open fire nearby are extinguished, the ignition source is not present, and the possibility of gas explosion is reduced; nitrogen is inert gas, does not support combustion, and effectively improves the fire extinguishing safety;
(4) The continuous nitrogen injection in the later stage of fire extinguishment in the scheme mainly takes away the heat of early-stage combustion, and prevents the post-combustion after unsealing; the nitrogen injection not only dilutes the gas concentration, but also discharges the gas through pressure relief, so that the gas concentration in the mine closed area is reduced; meanwhile, the oxygen concentration in the closed area is reduced, so that the possibility of gas explosion is further reduced;
(5) According to the scheme, the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing effect is monitored, three methods of large flow, flow reduction and intermittent nitrogen injection fire extinguishing are adopted in stages, the nitrogen injection quantity of fire extinguishing is effectively reduced, the fire extinguishing index meets the related requirements of coal mine safety regulations, and the nitrogen supply quantity is ensured more than that of other air supply modes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a C20 concrete enclosure wall cast in a main inclined shaft in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a drilling position in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the coal face 1, the nitrogen injection hole 2, the ignition point 3, the plugging hole 4, the return air well 5, the goaf 6 and the sealing wall 7.
The application field of the sealing fire-extinguishing unsealing technology of the outburst mine is fire disaster rescue of the high-gas outburst mine. When external fire occurs under the mine with high gas outburst, ventilation disorder is possibly caused by fire wind pressure, gas coal dust explosion or wind flow reversal is triggered, and casualties of rescue and relief personnel are caused. The project study and the field successful application project highlight mine external fire accident rescue complete set technology, after underground fire is difficult to realize direct fire extinguishment and evacuation rescue personnel, the fire accident area is sealed in a large scale, even all shafts of the mine are sealed, so that the fire is controlled to prevent the expansion of the fire affected area or to cause secondary accidents; under the condition that a mine shaft is closed, ground drilling construction is adopted to accurately position drilling, liquid nitrogen is poured into the ground through a nitrogen pouring hole in a large flow mode, and liquid nitrogen is directly and rapidly cooled, vaporized and expanded to realize asphyxia extinguishment; the fire disaster area is accurately positioned into an air inlet roadway and an air return roadway of the fire disaster area, and a curtain grouting technology is adopted to pour high-water filling materials to realize local effective blocking and realize disaster area isolation. The gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling in the scheme is successfully applied to a certain mine in Chongqing (see example 1 for details).
Example 1
The embodiment is basically as shown in fig. 1, and the gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling specifically comprises the following steps:
wellbore closure phase
After the fire disaster occurs in the mining area, the shaft is sealed at first, so that the influence on CO and O in underground air caused by the inflow of outside air into the underground is effectively avoided 2 Gas (mainly CH) 4 ) The content of key gases is monitored, so that the development of fire is controlled after the underground air is replaced by the subsequent nitrogen injection, the range of fire influence is prevented from being enlarged, and the occurrence of secondary accidents in the underground rescue process is effectively prevented.
The specific thought of shaft sealing is as follows: the method comprises the steps of closing a side branch, closing a main air passage, gradually reducing ventilation air quantity by reducing the section of an air inlet and return shaft and adopting fan frequency conversion before closing the main air passage, closing an air inlet and return port after stopping ventilation of a main fan, stopping a gas drainage pump after stabilizing for a certain time, and disconnecting a drainage pipeline. And measure holes are reserved outside the sealing wall of the mine shaft, and the plugging mode of the plugging wall is shown in figure 2 in detail.
After the shaft is sealed, the goaf of the working face is continuously burnt, the sealed space is relatively large, and the sealed space has a part O 2 For combustion, a large amount of CO gas is generated, so that the CO content is continuously increased and the oxygen content is continuously reduced in the stage of closing the shaft; downhole CH 4 Gas is interpreted by coal and released CH after the coal-bearing stratum is destroyed 4 Active overflow of CH 4 So that CH 4 The content continuously rises. In this process, combustion is not stopped because: 1. o in the process of burning to complete extinction 2 The concentration is slowly decreased, not suddenly decreased; 2. even if combustion is stopped, heat generated by the combustion still exists, and once air leakage and oxygen supply occur, re-combustion occurs, and the fire is aggravated.
A drilling stage, namely setting nitrogen injection holes and plugging holes according to the ignition point positions;
as shown in fig. 3, the ignition point of mine fire is generally at the edge of the coal face, and the nitrogen injection holes and the plugging holes are arranged near the ignition point in the scheme, so that the nitrogen can be effectively injected directly to control the fire.
In this scheme, the nitrogen injection hole is located in the goaf at the upstream of the ignition point of the mine, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the three end holes of the nitrogen injection hole are located in the goaf which is perpendicular to the coal face by 10-15 m (specifically 15m in this embodiment) and is inclined upwards by 10-15 m from the ignition point. In this embodiment, because the ignition point is close to the machine roadway and the air inlet roadway, the nitrogen injection hole is arranged in the goaf 10-15 m (specifically 12.5m in this embodiment) away from the air inlet roadway, so that the damage to nearby equipment caused by rapid cooling of air under the mine due to vaporization and heat absorption under the mine caused by liquid nitrogen injection can be effectively avoided. The plugging hole is positioned at the junction of the machine roadway or the air inlet roadway at the downstream of the ignition point and the coal face, so that the air at the ignition point can be effectively sampled, and the fire disaster elimination progress and effect under the mine can be effectively and accurately monitored.
The nitrogen injection hole is mainly used for injecting liquid nitrogen, and the strength and the freezing resistance of the nitrogen injection hole are preferentially considered, so that a three-level hole body structure is adopted, and the nitrogen injection hole is sequentially formed by one opening, two openings and three openings from the ground to the mine. The plugging hole is mainly used for plugging, monitoring and auxiliary nitrogen injection, and the economical efficiency of the plugging hole is considered except the strength and the freezing resistance of the plugging hole, so that the plugging hole adopts a secondary hole body structure, and the plugging hole is sequentially formed by one opening and two openings from the ground to the mine. The diameter-changing depth between the first opening and the second opening is 10-30 m, the diameter-changing depth is based on the fact that the stable and complete bedrock is 5m, and the phenomenon that Kong Shen is easy to collapse and fails in drilling due to diameter-changing drilling in an unstable rock stratum can be effectively avoided, and the three opening depths are 10-30 m. According to the scheme, the depth of one opening and three openings is limited, so that drilling strategies are conveniently set according to geological conditions of different drilling lands, the strength of the hole body is further improved, collapse is prevented, and the method can be effectively adapted to the load capacity of drilling technical equipment.
The drilling technology is used as an important component of geological work, has quite high professionals, solves the problem easily occurring in the drilling process in the professional science field, and has the advantages that the field technology is mastered and implemented by professionals so as to ensure the safety of drilling construction.
Thirdly, in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage, three-section nitrogen injection fire extinguishing and cooling are carried out according to the fire situation of the mine;
the calculation of the nitrogen injection amount comprises the following steps: according to the air outlet volume, temperature and O of each well head reserved pipeline after liquid nitrogen is injected in the fire extinguishing process 2 CO concentration value, the three-section type nitrogen injection that this scheme adopted annotates nitrogen and carries out annotates nitrogen and put out a fire, and three-section type nitrogen injection specifically includes: a. the liquid nitrogen is poured into the fire extinguishing initial stage at a large flow rate, and if necessary, the nitrogen injection drilling holes and the standby nitrogen injection drilling holes are simultaneously injected with nitrogen, wherein the maximum nitrogen injection flow rate can reach 20t/h; b. reducing the nitrogen injection flow when the temperature of the underground air is rapidly reduced; c. and (5) intermittently injecting nitrogen when the air temperature is reduced to 0 ℃.
Compared with the continuous high-flux nitrogen injection method, the method has the advantages that the fire extinguishing cost is easy to be remarkably increased, the nitrogen injection flow and the nitrogen injection time are adjusted in different fire extinguishing stages, the nitrogen injection amount can be reduced on the basis of ensuring fire extinguishing and cooling effects, the injected nitrogen can be fully heat exchanged with air and surrounding rock, the damage to underground equipment caused by too fast temperature drop and too low temperature is prevented, and therefore equipment maintenance cost and nitrogen injection cost are reduced. Specifically, in this embodiment, a, the initial stage of fire extinguishment is performed with high-flow liquid nitrogen filling for 6 days (1440 t); b. reducing half of the nitrogen injection flow when the temperature of the underground air is rapidly reduced, and injecting nitrogen for 4 days (480 t) in total; c. after the air temperature is reduced to 0 ℃, intermittent nitrogen injection is carried out, namely 8-12 hours are injected every day, and the total nitrogen injection is carried out for 4 days (450.5 t) after the mine return airway and the working face monitor that the CO concentration is 0 PPm; the total nitrogen 2370.5t is injected in the whole fire extinguishing stage.
According to the scheme, the method is implemented in the field in a Chongqing mine, the nitrogen injection flow is controlled when the temperature of underground air is rapidly reduced after liquid nitrogen is injected, the nitrogen injection stage is started, when the temperature of the air is reduced to 0 ℃, intermittent nitrogen injection is performed instead, the air and surrounding rock are fully subjected to heat exchange, adverse effects on underground equipment caused by too fast temperature reduction and too low temperature are prevented, and unnecessary nitrogen injection waste can be reduced.
The nitrogen injection stage also comprises pressure relief, the pressure difference between the mine and the external atmospheric pressure is 2-5kPa during the pressure relief, the original air in the mine can be effectively promoted to be discharged through the pressure relief, and the method comprises the steps ofThe underground air is quickly replaced, so that CO and O in the mine are further reduced 2 The content of the fire powder is effectively prevented from spreading. In the process, a detection sampling hole is reserved outside the shaft sealing wall to sample and detect the content of each component in the underground air. The total time of the nitrogen injection stage of the scheme is 14 days, and the content change of each component in the underground air of the mine in the nitrogen injection stage is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 closed sample analysis record of return air well after closing the well bore
Experimental data shows that the pressure is released while nitrogen is injected, CH 4 The concentration is increased, the oxygen concentration is reduced to be about 1%, the combustion in a fire area is choked, the sampling analysis data change trend of the sealing walls of the return air well, the auxiliary inclined well, the main inclined well and the man-vehicle inclined well is consistent, and O is 2 And the concentration of CO continuously decreases, the CO continuously decreases from up to more than 3000PPm to 5PPm, and the CO is detected by the closed detection pipeline of the return air well for sampling chromatographic analysis 2 The fluctuation is kept to be in a stable trend, and the development of fire conditions in a fire area is effectively controlled.
In the whole 'closed shaft-liquid nitrogen filling' fire extinguishing process, the CO content in the air under the mine is in a trend of rising sharply and then falling down along with the time of nitrogen filling, and the inventor analyzes the reason that: when the mine is closed, the working face goaf is burning, the closed space is relatively large, and the closed space has a part O 2 The gas is burnt to generate a large amount of CO gas, so that the CO content continuously rises in the stage of closing the shaft; however, when downhole O 2 After substantial exhaustion, combustion gradually slows down after insufficient oxygen supply until extinction, and incomplete combustion products CO reach a peak value. When liquid nitrogen is filled, the liquid nitrogen enters underground, absorbs heat and is converted into nitrogen, the underground gas quantity rises, positive pressure is generated in a mine (the pressure in the mine is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the mine), at the moment, a measure hole reserved for plugging is opened to release pressure outwards, and original underground air is discharged; and continuous nitrogen injection and pressure relief are combined, so that underground air can be quickly replaced, and quick fire extinguishment is realized.
The applicant experiment also finds that after stopping nitrogen injection, the air pressure of the underground closed area is maintained at 1.05 atmospheres (namely, when the internal and external pressure difference is maintained at 5 kPa), the pressure release temperature is maintained at 0-30 ℃, the CO concentration is continuously 0ppm, and the underground space is maintained at positive pressure within 30 days after stopping nitrogen injection before the mine shaft unsealing, so that the underground gas and surrounding rock can fully exchange heat, and favorable conditions are created for safe and smooth unsealing.
(IV) a plugging monitoring stage, which comprises grouting plugging of the nitrogen injection hole after successful fire extinguishment and continuous monitoring of downhole data; and the method further comprises the step of reinjecting nitrogen through the plugging holes according to the fluctuation of the CO content in the well.
Specifically, after the nitrogen injection hole is plugged, sampling and detecting underground air components through the plugging hole, if CO is 0ppm, and under the condition that the CO and the temperature drop are confirmed to be in line with expectations according to the detection data outside the sealing wall of the mine shaft and the sampling analysis result, and the underground fire area is effectively extinguished, C15 concrete plugging is implemented by the ground of the plugging hole; if CO is detected in the sampling of the plugging hole after the plugging hole is plugged, the plugging hole is used as a liquid nitrogen injecting hole to carry out ground liquid nitrogen injection until sampling detection data outside the sealing wall of the mine shaft confirms that CO and temperature drop meet expectations, and concrete plugging of the ground injection well is implemented after the underground fire area is effectively extinguished.
The scheme can effectively reduce CO and O in underground air by sealing the shaft first 2 Is used for initially extinguishing fire and preventing fire from spreading; then, the nitrogen injection hole and the plugging hole are drilled through the ground, liquid nitrogen can be injected into the mine through the nitrogen fire extinguishing well, the liquid nitrogen is vaporized into nitrogen, the nitrogen is mixed with underground gas, and the nitrogen is discharged out of the mine through positive pressure relief of the mine, so that CO and O in underground air are further reduced 2 Thereby deeply extinguishing a fire. The content of each component in the underground air can be sampled and detected through the plugging holes, so that the fire extinguishing process is monitored in real time, the liquid nitrogen filling amount is regulated through detecting the fire extinguishing process, and the nitrogen filling cost for fire extinguishment is effectively reduced. In addition, the plugging holes can be used for remedying and injecting nitrogen into CO possibly remained in the pit after completing fire extinguishment and plugging the nitrogen injection holes, so that the fire extinguishment effect is ensured.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the open area nitrogen injection fire suppression was performed, i.e., the wellbore was not closed.
Specifically, the gas at the upper corner of the coal face of a certain mine in Shanxi province burns, a part of the bracket is burnt, the thickness of a No. 15 coal bed is 8m, the top coal is broken to participate in combustion, and the CO of a return air well is thousands of PPm. 2 ground holes of goaf are filled with liquid nitrogen for 20t/h, the goaf is opened for fire extinguishment, and the working face air quantity is measured and calculated to be 600m 3 And (3) after about 1000t of liquid nitrogen is injected, rapidly reducing the CO of the return air well to below 1000PPm, and after 2000t of liquid nitrogen is injected, reducing the CO to about 20PPm, so as to realize the air inlet blocking of the working face, and after 3000t of liquid nitrogen is injected, the temperature of the return air of the working face is reduced from 150 ℃ to 60 ℃ by the air flow of the top plate, so as to realize the air return blocking of the working face. The total nitrogen injection amount is about 8000t, and the back combustion of the back air of the unsealed working surface occurs to cause gas explosion, so that the loss is huge. The scheme adopts the mode that the nitrogen injection amount is 2370.5 tons when the fire is extinguished in a closed area (namely, the mine is totally enclosed), and the nitrogen injection amount in the comparative example 1 is obviously improved; therefore, the fire extinguishment by injecting liquid nitrogen under the condition of closing the shaft and the fire extinguishment by injecting liquid nitrogen in the open area are essentially different; the fire extinguishing efficiency of open area fire extinguishing is slow, the liquid nitrogen filling amount is huge (the cost is higher), the underground CO content cannot be timely reduced, and finally gas explosion and fire extinguishing failure are caused.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that the working face, the mining area air intake and the mine air intake are closed in sequence, and the mine is not closed in time.
Specifically, the spontaneous combustion of the goaf of the coal face occurs in a certain mine in Ningxia, the gas explosion occurs in the air inlet process of the closed working face, the fire extinguishing failure is caused by the gas explosion occurring in the fire area in the air inlet process of the closed mining area, the gas explosion occurs for many times in the fire area in the air inlet process of the closed mine, and finally the whole mine is closed. And then pumping water to submerged fire, drilling a large amount of holes on the ground, injecting three-phase foam, and then shrinking the fire area to successfully extinguish the fire. However, in the early stage of the comparative example, the mine is not directly closed, so that the air inlet is easy to explode in the fire extinguishing process, and the fire extinguishing is failed; and fire is extinguished by adopting a mode of injecting three-phase foam through drilling holes, the fire extinguishing cycle is long, and the unsealing risk is high due to the fact that a large amount of solids are injected.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the CO was injected first with nitrogen and then the wellbore was closed.
Specifically, the oil shale oil gas of a mine 300t/a in Gansu province is infiltrated and burnt downwards to cause explosion, and the oil gas is burnt and exploded for a plurality of times. Stopping the main ventilator, closing the air inlet and the air return well mouth, and keeping the weak explosion surface of the air return.
Vaporization volume of injected liquid nitrogen 177250Nm 3 ，50m 3 Liquid CO 2 Storage tank, the maximum flow rate of inert gas is 21600m 3 Extinguishing fire in 100 days, injecting 1016918m 3 The inert gas realizes the first stage target, O 2 Below 1.5% and CO below 24PPm. Temporary ventilation system for unsealed vertical shaft, light-duty Kagfini 1m 3 One worker can carry away, 10 materials are sealed, and the sealing is completed after 79 sealing days; the roadway temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the water spray is used for cooling 2710m roadway; 300 auxiliary rescue team members participate in underground roadway cleaning and temporary airtight work, and the number of the movable participants is large, so that the fire extinguishing time is long and the cost is high.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that grouting was directly used to extinguish the fire after the mine was closed.
Specifically, the fire explosion of a certain mine in Xinjiang adopts a mode of sealing a shaft, drilling holes on the ground, sealing an unsealed shaft, drilling holes on the ground, grouting and extinguishing fire, and the sealing of a return air roadway in a fire area is realized, and after the fire area is isolated, the sealed shaft is successfully and quickly unsealed. However, because the ground drilling liquid nitrogen filling fire extinguishing scheme is canceled on site, the fire extinguishing period of a closed fire area is long, open fire is found in the first unsealing, unsealing fails because unsealing standard is not met, the difficulty of cleaning and overhauling the coal wall panel of the working face after unsealing for the second time is extremely high, and cleaning and restoring pushing of the working face are difficult to finish in a short time on site, so that the working face has to be sealed again.
The technical proposal of the invention firstly seals the shaft, and after one month of gas is flushed, CH 4 The concentration is increased, the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 5 percent, and the combustion in a fire area is choked; in this process, O 2 And CO concentration continuously decreases, CO 2 Maintaining the wave form stableTrend, the development of fire in a fire area is effectively controlled, and the fire is primarily extinguished and prevented from spreading; then, the nitrogen injection hole and the plugging hole are drilled through the ground, liquid nitrogen can be injected into the mine through the nitrogen fire extinguishing well, the liquid nitrogen is vaporized into nitrogen, the nitrogen is mixed with underground gas, and the mine is discharged through positive pressure relief of the mine, so that the content of CO and O2 in underground air is further reduced, and the deep fire extinguishing is realized. In the process, the content of each component in underground air can be sampled and detected through the plugging holes, so that the fire extinguishing process is monitored in real time, the liquid nitrogen filling amount is regulated through detecting the fire extinguishing process, and the nitrogen filling cost for fire extinguishment is effectively reduced. In addition, the plugging holes can be used for remedying and injecting nitrogen into CO possibly remained in the pit after completing fire extinguishment and plugging the nitrogen injection holes, so that the fire extinguishment effect is ensured.
In summary, the scheme not only effectively, safely and quickly controls the fire by combining and applying the mode of 'mining area totally-ground drilling-liquid nitrogen filling', but also realizes quick fire extinguishment; and underground O in the fire extinguishing process 2 And the CO concentration is continuously reduced, so that the underground re-combustion probability is effectively reduced, conditions can be created for subsequent unsealing, quick unsealing after fire extinguishment is realized, and the economic loss caused by sealing a mine for a long time is reduced. In the long-term certain mine successfully implemented in the embodiment 1, the gas temperature of the closed fire area reaches the standard rapidly by filling liquid nitrogen, the unsealing of the mine shaft is realized within 90 days after the occurrence of a fire accident, the submerged loss of electromechanical equipment caused by the rising of the underground water level is effectively reduced, and the safe and successful unsealing of the mine is ensured.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and specific technical solutions and/or features that are well known in the art have not been described in detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practical applicability of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling is characterized in that: the method comprises a shaft sealing stage, wherein a measure hole is reserved when the shaft is sealed; a drilling stage, namely setting nitrogen injection holes and plugging holes according to the ignition point positions; and (III) in the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage, three-stage nitrogen injection fire extinguishing and cooling are carried out according to the condition of mine fire, and underground air is replaced through the mine pressure difference formed by nitrogen injection.
2. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 1, wherein: the three-section nitrogen injection comprises: a. high-flow liquid nitrogen filling is carried out in the early stage of fire extinguishment; b. reducing the nitrogen injection flow when the temperature of the underground air is rapidly reduced; c. and (5) intermittently injecting nitrogen when the air temperature is reduced to 0 ℃.
3. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 2, wherein: the nitrogen injection hole is of a three-level hole body structure, the direction from the ground to the mine is sequentially one, two and three, the plugging hole is of a two-level hole body structure, and the direction from the ground to the mine is sequentially one and two.
4. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 3, wherein: the one-opening depth is 10-30 m, the diameter-changing depth between the one-opening and the two-opening is based on the fact that the stable and complete bedrock is 5m, and the three-opening depth is 10-30 m.
5. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 4, wherein: and the nitrogen injection hole is positioned at the upper stream of the ignition point and is close to a goaf on the air inlet side of the working face, and the plugging hole is positioned at the lower stream of the ignition point and is close to the junction of the coal mining working face and the air inlet lane.
6. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 5, wherein: the nitrogen injection hole is positioned at an intersection point which is vertical to the coal face and the air inlet lane and is 10-15 m; and the three final holes of the nitrogen injection hole are 15-30 m away from the ignition point.
7. The gas mine surface drilling fire extinguishing method based on liquid nitrogen filling according to claim 6, wherein: the nitrogen injection fire extinguishing stage comprises pressure relief, and the pressure difference between the mine and the external atmospheric pressure is 2-5kPa during the pressure relief.
8. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 7, wherein: the system also comprises a plugging monitoring stage, which comprises grouting plugging of the nitrogen injection hole after successful fire extinguishment and continuous monitoring of underground data.
9. A gas mine surface drilling fire suppression method based on liquid nitrogen injection as recited in claim 8, wherein: the plugging detection stage further comprises reinjecting nitrogen through the plugged holes according to fluctuations in the underground CO content.
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