CN116427873B - Oil gas production tubular column cutterbar - Google Patents
Oil gas production tubular column cutterbar Download PDFInfo
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- CN116427873B CN116427873B CN202310489708.7A CN202310489708A CN116427873B CN 116427873 B CN116427873 B CN 116427873B CN 202310489708 A CN202310489708 A CN 202310489708A CN 116427873 B CN116427873 B CN 116427873B
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- connecting rod
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
- E21B29/005—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/10—Reconditioning of well casings, e.g. straightening
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an oil and gas production pipe column cutter, which comprises a walking nipple, a righting nipple, an anchoring rotary nipple and a cutting nipple; when the walking pup joint is started, the cutter axially walks in the pipeline; centering the cutter in the pipeline when the centralizing pup joint is started; when the anchoring rotary pup joint is started, the cutter rotates around the axis of the pipeline under the current well depth; and the pipe wall is cut when the cutting pup joint is started. The application provides an oil and gas production pipe column cutter, which aims to solve the problems that the underground pipe wall cutting technology used in the petroleum and gas field in the prior art is limited by the size and well deviation of a sending tool, the precision is low and the pollution is large, and realize the purpose of accurately cutting various underground pipelines under various well deviations.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of oil gas development, in particular to an oil gas production string cutter.
Background
In the links of drilling, developing and the like of petroleum and natural gas, the types of underground pipelines mainly comprise drill pipes, casings, oil pipes and the like. The engineering has more working conditions for cutting the underground pipeline, such as: the method comprises the steps of cutting and salvaging a damaged section of a sleeve in a segmented mode when a damaged well is repaired, dismantling an underwater wellhead when an offshore oilfield is permanently abandoned, recovering the abandoned oil sleeve, cutting an oil pipe in well repairing operation, and carrying out drilling clamping accident treatment on various underground pipe strings.
In the conventional technology, the cutting treatment of the casing is generally realized by means of hydraulic cutting, chemical blasting or corrosion, and the cutting of the drill rod and the oil pipe is mainly realized by means of chemical blasting. The hydraulic cutting technology generally needs a drill rod, an oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe as a running tool, is limited by the size of the running tool, and is difficult to apply to cutting operation of the drill rod and the oil pipe; the chemical cutting technology has the problems that the cutting position cannot be accurately controlled, an adhesion area is easy to be formed after cutting, irreversible damage and pollution are easy to be caused to a stratum near-well wall belt, and the like.
In addition, cable operation is taken as a mature underground operation means, has the advantage of being not limited by the size of a running tool, but is difficult to be applied to construction under well structures such as a high-inclination directional well, a high-displacement well, a horizontal well and the like, and has great limitation.
In summary, there is a need to design a pipe wall cutting tool that can be used for various well inclinations while taking into account various types of downhole pipe strings such as drill pipes, casings, oil pipes, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an oil and gas production pipe column cutter, which aims to solve the problems that the underground pipe wall cutting technology used in the petroleum and gas field in the prior art is limited by the size and well deviation of a sending tool, the precision is low and the pollution is large, and realize the purpose of accurately cutting various underground pipelines under various well deviations.
The application is realized by the following technical scheme:
an oil and gas production pipe column cutter comprises a walking nipple, a centralizing nipple, an anchoring rotary nipple and a cutting nipple;
when the walking pup joint is started, the cutter axially walks in the pipeline;
centering the cutter in the pipeline when the centralizing pup joint is started;
when the anchoring rotary pup joint is started, the cutter keeps the current well depth and rotates around the axis of the pipeline;
and the pipe wall is cut when the cutting pup joint is started.
Aiming at the problems that the underground pipe wall cutting technology used in the petroleum and natural gas field is limited by the size and well inclination of a sending tool and has low precision and large pollution in the prior art, the application provides an oil and gas production pipe column cutter which comprises four parts, namely a walking nipple, a centralizing nipple, an anchoring rotary nipple and a cutting nipple. The walking nipple is used for enabling the whole cutter to walk axially along the pipeline in the underground pipeline when needed, the specific walking mode is not limited herein, and the walking nipple can be realized by adopting any existing walking mode in the pipeline; the centralizing pup joint is used for centralizing the whole cutter in a pipeline when required, the specific centralizing and centralizing mode is not limited, and the centralizing pup joint only needs to exert the centralizing function when started and shrink inwards when not started so as not to exert the centralizing function; the anchoring rotary pup joint is used for positioning the whole cutter at the current depth and enabling the cutter to rotate around the axis of the pipeline along the circumferential direction of the pipeline when needed, so that the defect that a downhole tool cannot be effectively rotated in conventional cable operation is overcome; the cutting nipple is used for realizing the cutting function of the pipe wall when needed.
The application is used when: firstly, the whole cutter is sent into a downhole pipeline by a cable, and a centralizing pup joint can be started in the sending process so as to reduce the collision between a tool body and a pipe wall and prevent the tool from lying on a directional well or a lower well wall of a horizontal section; judging the tool lowering depth according to the cable feeding length, paying attention to the cable tension at all times in the feeding process, judging whether the tool is blocked or caused by too large well inclination by combining the well structure if the cable tension is abnormally reduced, controlling the running nipple to start, and continuously advancing in a large well inclination section and a horizontal section in an active running mode through a blocking area or in an active running mode until the whole cutter is fed to the designated depth. Then, the walking nipple stops working, the anchoring rotary nipple is controlled to start, the cutter is positioned at the current well depth, then the cutting nipple is started, meanwhile, the whole cutter is driven to slowly rotate at a constant speed or at intervals by the anchoring rotary nipple until the cutting nipple completes the whole-circumference cutting operation of the pipe wall, the cutting nipple is stopped, the anchoring rotary nipple is stopped, and the well head recovers a cable.
It can be seen that the cutter of the present application employs four functionally distinct combinations of pups, as compared to the prior art: (1) The cable operation can be sent into the underground pipeline without being limited by the size of a sending tool, and besides the conventional sleeve cutting, the special cutting operation requirements of the underground small-size pipeline such as an oil pipe, a drill rod and the like can be met, so that the application range is remarkably widened; (2) The traditional cutting technology of chemical explosion or chemical corrosion is abandoned, the accurate position of the tool in the well can be obtained through the length of the well-entering cable, the accurate control of the cutting position is ensured, and the problems of easy adhesion, stratum pollution and the like existing in a chemical cutting mode are avoided; (3) Through the cooperation of the walking nipple and the centralizing nipple, the application can be suitable for the operation under various well deviation and various well structures, such as a highly-inclined directional well, a large-displacement well, a horizontal well and even an S-shaped unconventional well structure with reversely bent well track which cannot be constructed by the traditional cable operation means, and truly realizes the technical effect of cutting operation on various underground pipelines under various well structures.
The cutter is connected with a cable at the top, and the walking nipple, the righting nipple, the anchoring rotary nipple and the cutting nipple are all started by the cable. The top part is the end of the cutter facing the direction of the wellhead after entering the well.
Further, the walking nipple comprises at least two walking wheels which roll along the axial direction of the cutter, a first driving device for driving at least one walking wheel to rotate, and a first reducing mechanism for driving all the walking wheels to retract along the radial direction.
Because the cutter of the present application is a downhole tool, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the axial direction of the cutter of the present application, and the axial direction of each nipple, refer to the axial direction of the tool along the length, i.e., the direction of extension of the tool along the borehole trajectory after the tool is driven into the well; the radial direction in the present application refers to the radial direction of the tool itself, i.e., the radial direction of the tool along the wellbore after entering the well.
According to the scheme, the first driving device drives at least one travelling wheel to roll along the axial direction, the travelling wheel which is directly driven is used as a driving wheel, and if the travelling wheel which is not directly driven is used as a driven wheel, under the action of the at least two travelling wheels, the application has the capability of penetrating through a blocking point which cannot be passed through by conventional cable operation and continuously descending to the required well depth in a large inclined section and a horizontal section.
In addition, this scheme is with synchronous receive and release of first reducing mechanism drive all walking wheels along radial direction for walking weak point can adapt to the underground pipe of various internal diameter sizes, in order to fully satisfy the cable in small-size tubular columns such as drilling rod, oil pipe and transfer the demand.
The first driving device can drive the rolling state of the travelling wheel, and the first reducing mechanism can adjust the radial position of the travelling wheel, so that any driving and transmission modes which can be realized according to the prior art can be adopted, and the method is not limited.
Further, the centralizing pup joint comprises a central shaft, a positioning piece fixedly connected to the central shaft, a first sliding piece and a second sliding piece which are connected to the central shaft in a sliding manner, wherein the first sliding piece is positioned between the positioning piece and the second sliding piece, and a first elastic piece is connected between the first sliding piece and the second sliding piece; the device also comprises a second driving device for driving the second sliding piece to slide along the central shaft, and a plurality of second reducing mechanisms which are connected between the positioning piece and the first sliding piece and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. The maximum outer diameter of the second reducing mechanism can be adjusted under the drive of the second driving device.
The specific structure of the centralizing nipple is limited, when the centralizing nipple is started, power is supplied to the second driving device, the second driving device drives the second sliding piece to slide on the central shaft, and then the second reducing mechanism is extruded or stretched, so that the maximum outer diameter of the second reducing mechanism is adjusted, and the centralizing short can meet centralizing requirements of underground pipelines with any inner diameter. And in the sliding process of the second sliding piece, the first elastic piece is elastically deformed, so that the second reducing mechanism can automatically recover and reset when the righting pup joint is not required to work. It can be seen that this scheme makes to righting nipple joint have the ability of active control, compares traditional fixed or passive righting mode, has not only shown improvement commonality and adaptation ability, can also initiatively shrink second reducing mechanism when the cable is transferred and meet and hinder, improves the ability that the cutter passes through blocking section under the cable operation. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that downhole in-line resistance segments include, but are not limited to, for example, casing shoe locations, pipe string collar locations, unequal diameter drill joints, and the like.
Further, the second reducing mechanism comprises a first connecting rod hinged with the positioning piece and a second connecting rod hinged with the first sliding piece, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are hinged with each other; the device also comprises a plurality of supporting wheels, wherein the supporting wheels are arranged at the hinge joint of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod; the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are both hinged with rocking bars, the central shaft is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves, the long axes of the sliding grooves are parallel to the axis of the central shaft, and the rocking bars are in sliding fit in the sliding grooves.
The scheme specifically limits the second reducing mechanism, and when the first sliding piece approaches to the positioning piece through the mutual hinging of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the angle between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is reduced, the second reducing mechanism is outwards expanded, and the outer diameter is increased; on the contrary, when the first sliding part is far away from the positioning part, the angle between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is increased, the second reducing mechanism is contracted inwards, and the outer diameter is reduced. In addition, in order to avoid inward bending of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod, the technical scheme is that the rocker is specially provided, the rocker is limited by the chute to slide linearly along the chute, so that the inward bending of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is prevented, the second reducing mechanism can always be outwards bent and expanded, the supporting wheels at the hinged positions of the two connecting rods can be in contact with the pipe wall, the supporting and centering effects are realized, in addition, in the well entering process, the supporting wheels can be in contact with the pipe wall, and the abrasion to the tool body is reduced.
The supporting wheel in this scheme can set up in other positions as required except setting up in the articulated department of first connecting rod and second connecting rod.
Further, the anchoring rotary pup joint comprises at least two anchoring wheels rolling along the circumferential direction of the cutter, a third driving device for driving at least one anchoring wheel to rotate, and a third reducing mechanism for driving all the anchoring wheels to retract along the radial direction; the anchoring wheel comprises a large diameter wheel and a small diameter wheel, and the diameter of the large diameter wheel is larger than that of the small diameter wheel.
In the field of petroleum drilling and production, the prior art generally adopts a slip structure to realize temporary anchoring of a downhole tool, and the conventional cable operation cannot drive the downhole tool to rotate and cannot rotate after the slip is fixed, so that the conventional anchoring structure cannot realize the rotation of a cutter in a well, and the whole circumference cutting operation of a pipeline completely needs to be completed around the whole circumference of the inner wall of the pipeline by virtue of a cutting mechanism, so that the driving structure of the cutting structure is very complex; the high-frequency vibration in the cutting process easily causes abnormal accidents of the complex driving structures, has a lower service life and is not suitable for the requirement of the sectional operation of one-time well logging and multiple cutting. The application adopts the anchoring rotary pup joint with axial positioning and circumferential rotation, wherein at least two anchoring wheels are used for ensuring stable rolling on the pipe wall, and a third driving device is used for driving at least one anchoring wheel to rotate, so that the directly driven anchoring wheel is used as a driving wheel, and if the anchoring wheel which is not directly driven is used as a driven wheel, the anchoring rotary pup joint rotates on the pipe wall around the axial direction, and further the whole cutter, in particular the cutting pup joint, is driven to rotate, thereby overcoming the defect that the existing cable operation and slip anchoring modes can not rotate. The anchoring in this scheme is realized through the frictional force between anchor wheel and the pipe wall, and the outward expansion of accessible third reducing mechanism makes the pressure between each anchor wheel and the pipe wall be in great state to make the frictional force between anchor wheel and the pipe wall be in great state, with this realization makes the interim anchor of whole instrument under appointed well depth. It should be noted that the anchoring of the present application is not anchoring of slip bowl hook in the conventional sense, but rather remains relatively stable at a given well depth without sloshing or shifting, etc.
The anchoring rotary pup joint of the scheme is also particularly suitable for use in highly deviated wells, large-displacement wells and horizontal well sections. Conventional wireline operations fail to run tools into these well sections at all and even if successful, the axial stability of the tool in the well cannot be guaranteed because the cable is not guaranteed to be tensioned (if forced tensioning tends to easily cause displacement of the tool) because the tool gravity is almost entirely borne by the pipe wall in these well sections, and the anchored rotary nipple of the present solution can adequately overcome this drawback.
The third driving device can drive the rotation state of the anchoring wheel and adjust the radial position of each anchoring wheel of the third reducing mechanism, and any driving and transmission modes which can be realized according to the prior art can be adopted, so that the driving device is not limited.
In addition, the anchoring wheel at least comprises two different outer diameter sizes of the large diameter wheel and the small diameter wheel, and because all the anchoring wheels are synchronously folded and unfolded to change diameters, the large diameter wheel and the small diameter wheel are synchronously folded and unfolded along the radial direction under the action of the third reducing mechanism, and the special property of unequal outer diameters of the large diameter wheel and the small diameter wheel is utilized to enable the anchoring rotary pup joint to be in an eccentric state in a pipeline to be cut so as to drive the whole cutter to be in an eccentric state, so that the cutting pup joint is beneficial to cutting the pipe wall, and particularly for the underground working condition with a double-layer pipe system (such as a double-layer pipe with an oil sleeve annulus, a double-layer pipe with a drill sleeve annulus and a double-layer pipe with an overlapping part of adjacent well casing pipes), compared with the conventional cutting mode of only enabling a cutting blade to move eccentrically, the eccentric cutting range is remarkably enlarged, and the adaptability to various working conditions is improved.
Further, the output end of the third driving device drives the driving wheel to rotate, and the large-diameter wheel and the driving wheel are driven by a chain or a synchronous belt; and a tensioning mechanism for tensioning the chain or timing belt.
According to the scheme, the driving wheel is driven to rotate through the third driving device, and then the chain or the synchronous belt drives the large-diameter wheel to synchronously rotate, so that the rotation function of the anchoring rotary pup joint is realized. The large diameter wheel in the scheme is used as a driving roller in the anchoring rotary nipple. The tensioning mechanism is used for enabling the chain or the synchronous belt to be always in a tensioning state, the specific tensioning mode is not limited herein, and tensioning modes which can be achieved through the prior art are applicable.
Further, the third reducing mechanism comprises a main shaft, a third sliding piece in sliding fit with the main shaft, a fourth driving device for driving the third sliding piece to slide along the main shaft, a second elastic piece sleeved on the main shaft, at least two plug-in parts circumferentially distributed on the main shaft, and a fourth sliding piece in sliding fit with the plug-in parts along the radial direction; one end of the second elastic piece is relatively fixed with the main shaft, and the other end of the second elastic piece is abutted against the third sliding piece; the fourth sliding parts are connected with the anchoring wheels in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the device further comprises a third connecting rod hinged on the plug-in part, a fourth connecting rod hinged on the fourth sliding piece and a fifth connecting rod hinged on the third sliding piece, wherein the third connecting rod is hinged with the corresponding fourth connecting rod, and the fifth connecting rod is hinged with the fourth connecting rod.
The scheme limits the specific structure of the third reducing mechanism, when each anchoring wheel is required to be retracted and released along the radial direction, the fourth driving device is controlled to be started, the third sliding part is driven to slide on the main shaft to drive the fifth connecting rod to move, the fifth connecting rod is driven to push the fourth connecting rod to move, meanwhile, the third connecting rod is driven to move along with the fourth connecting rod, and finally the fourth sliding part is enabled to slide along the radial direction in the inserting part, so that the anchoring wheel is driven to adjust the radial position.
It should be noted that, because the anchoring wheel has two different sizes of the large diameter wheel and the small diameter wheel, the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the anchoring wheels with different sizes should be different, that is, the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the small diameter wheel should be greater than the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the large diameter wheel, the specific lengths are not limited herein, and the adaptive setting is performed according to the actual sizes of the connecting rods, so as to ensure that all the anchoring wheels can be contacted with the inner wall of the pipeline at the same time.
Further, the anchoring rotary nipple further comprises a first shell; the circle centers of all the anchor wheels are distributed around a circumference, and the circumferences are eccentrically distributed in the first shell.
According to the scheme, the circle centers of all the anchor wheels are located on the same circumference, and the circumference is moderately eccentric relative to the first shell, so that the eccentric capacity of the application is further improved, the eccentric cutting range is further enlarged, and the adaptability to various working conditions is improved.
Further, the cutting nipple comprises a second shell, a cutting knife positioned at the bottom of the second shell, a fifth driving device for driving the cutting knife to rotate, and a linear adjusting mechanism for driving the cutting knife to move along the radial direction; the cutters are distributed eccentrically relative to the second housing.
The fifth driving device drives the cutter to rotate so as to realize the cutting function of the pipe wall; the radial position of the cutting knife is adjusted through the linear adjusting mechanism, so that the eccentric degree of the cutting knife relative to the second shell is controlled, the eccentric cutting range is more favorably enlarged, and the adaptability to various double-layer pipe working conditions and even multi-layer pipe working conditions is improved. The fifth driving device drives the cutter to rotate, and the linear adjusting mechanism adjusts the radial position of the cutter, which can be realized by adopting the existing rotary driving or linear driving mode, and the method is not limited herein.
In this scheme, the cutting knife is only for the second casing, rotates around self axial, and in cutting process, second casing rotates with the anchor rotary nipple joint jointly with the cutting knife in order to adjust the position, realizes the effective cutting to the whole week of pipeline, compares in prior art and need rely on the mode to the complicated circulation orbit of cutting knife design completely, still obviously reduced the control degree of difficulty, more be favorable to improving cutting accuracy.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the oil gas production pipe column cutter can be fed into an underground pipeline by cable operation without being limited by the size of a feeding tool, can meet the special cutting operation requirements of underground small-size pipelines such as oil pipes, drill pipes and the like besides conventional casing cutting, and remarkably widens the application range; meanwhile, the traditional cutting technology of chemical explosion or chemical corrosion is abandoned, the accurate position of the tool in the well can be obtained through the length of the well-entering cable, the accurate control of the cutting position is ensured, and the problems of easy adhesion, stratum pollution and the like existing in a chemical cutting mode are avoided.
2. The oil gas production pipe column cutter can be suitable for operations under various well deviation and various well structures, such as a highly-inclined directional well, a large-displacement well, a horizontal well and even an S-shaped unconventional well structure with reversely bent well track, which cannot be constructed by the existing cable operation means, and truly realizes the technical effect of cutting operations on various underground pipelines under various well structures.
3. Compared with the traditional fixed or passive centralizing mode, the oil gas production string cutter has the advantages that the universality and the adapting capability are remarkably improved, the second reducing mechanism can be actively contracted when a cable is lowered and blocked, and the capacity of the cutter passing through the blocking section under cable operation is improved.
4. According to the oil and gas production string cutter, the anchoring rotary pup joint is anchored through the friction force between the anchoring wheels and the pipe wall, and the pressure between each anchoring wheel and the pipe wall can be in a larger state through the outward expansion of the third reducing mechanism, so that the friction force between the anchoring wheels and the pipe wall is in a larger state, and the temporary anchoring of the whole tool under a designated well depth is realized. Moreover, the anchoring rotary pup joint can also meet the operation of a highly deviated well, a large displacement well and a horizontal well section.
5. Compared with the conventional cutting mode which only causes the cutting blade to move eccentrically, the oil gas production pipe column cutter disclosed by the application is more suitable for double-layer or even multi-layer underground pipeline working conditions, the eccentric cutting range is obviously enlarged, and the adaptability to various working conditions is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a traveling nipple in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an internal schematic view of a running nipple in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a centralizer sub in accordance with an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is an internal schematic view of a centralizer sub in accordance with an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a central shaft according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an anchored rotary nipple in accordance with an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 8 is an internal schematic view of an anchored rotary nipple in accordance with an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a tensioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cutting sub according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is an internal schematic view of a cutting sub according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
1-walking short section, 101-walking wheel, 102-first driving device, 103-first hydraulic push rod, 104-push block, 105-crawling connecting rod, 2-centralizing short section, 201-central shaft, 202-positioning piece, 203-first sliding piece, 204-second sliding piece, 205-first elastic piece, 206-second driving device, 207-first connecting rod, 208-second connecting rod, 209-supporting wheel, 210-rocker, 211-chute, 3-anchoring rotary short section, 301-third driving device, 302-large diameter wheel, 303-small diameter wheel, 304-driving wheel, 305-main shaft, 306-third sliding piece, 307-fourth driving device, 308-second elastic piece, 309-plug-in part, 310-fourth sliding piece, 311-third connecting rod, 312-fourth connecting rod, 313-fifth connecting rod, 314-first shell, 315-sprocket, 316-support bar, 317-fifth sliding piece, 318-mounting post, 319-stopper, 320-fourth elastic piece, 321-third elastic piece, 4-cutting nipple, 401-second shell, 402-cutting knife, 403-fifth driving device, 404-hydraulic motor, 405-turntable, 406-motor base, 407-slider, 408-fifth elastic piece, 409-support bar.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present application only and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
an oil and gas production pipe column cutter is shown in figure 1, and comprises a walking nipple 1, a righting nipple 2, an anchoring rotary nipple 3 and a cutting nipple 4;
when the walking pup joint 1 is started, the cutter axially walks in the pipeline;
centering the cutter in the pipeline when the centralizing pup joint 2 is started;
when the anchoring rotary pup joint 3 is started, the cutter keeps the current well depth and rotates around the axis of the pipeline;
and when the cutting pup joint 4 is started, the pipe wall is cut.
The cutter is connected with a cable at the top, and the walking nipple 1, the righting nipple 2, the anchoring rotary nipple 3 and the cutting nipple 4 are all started by the cable.
In this embodiment, along the tool logging direction, the walking nipple 1, the righting nipple 2, the anchoring rotary nipple 3 and the cutting nipple 4 are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, and two adjacent nipples are connected through screw threads.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the traveling nipple is as shown in fig. 2 and 3, and comprises at least two traveling wheels 101 rolling along the axial direction of the cutter, a first driving device 102 for driving at least one traveling wheel 101 to rotate, and a first reducing mechanism for driving all traveling wheels 101 to retract along the radial direction.
In the embodiment, the walking nipple is provided with a shell, and a hole for extending the walking wheel is formed in the shell; the walking wheels 101 are distributed on two sides of the shell oppositely.
In this embodiment, the first driving device 102 is a motor, and its output end drives the two travelling wheels 101 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction through a gear set and a chain mechanism.
In a more preferred embodiment, the first reducing mechanism comprises a first hydraulic push rod 103 and a push block 104 connected to the output end of the first hydraulic push rod 103, each travelling wheel 101 is hinged with a crawling link 105, and all crawling links 105 are hinged on the same position on the push block 104.
Example 3:
an oil and gas production string cutter is disclosed in embodiment 1 or 2, and the centralizing nipple is shown in fig. 4 and 5, and comprises a central shaft 201, a positioning piece 202 fixedly connected to the central shaft 201, a first sliding piece 203 and a second sliding piece 204 which are slidingly connected to the central shaft 201, wherein the first sliding piece 203 is positioned between the positioning piece 202 and the second sliding piece 204, and a first elastic piece 205 is connected between the first sliding piece 203 and the second sliding piece 204; and the second driving device 206 is used for driving the second sliding piece 204 to slide along the central shaft 201, and a plurality of second reducing mechanisms which are connected between the positioning piece 202 and the first sliding piece 203 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction are also included.
The central axis 201 in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6.
The second reducing mechanism comprises a first connecting rod 207 hinged with the positioning piece 202 and a second connecting rod 208 hinged with the first sliding piece 203, and the first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 208 are hinged with each other; the device also comprises a plurality of supporting wheels 209, wherein the supporting wheels 209 are arranged at the hinge joint of the first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 208; the first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 208 are both hinged with a rocker 210, the central shaft 201 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves 211, the long axes of the sliding grooves 211 are parallel to the axis of the central shaft 201, and the rocker 210 is in sliding fit in the sliding grooves 211.
In the embodiment, the centralizing pup joint is provided with a shell, and holes for extending out of each supporting wheel are formed in the shell; the second driving device 206 is a hydraulic push rod, and the first elastic member 205 is a spring that is always in a stretched state.
The supporting wheels 209 are provided on the first link 207 and the second link 208 separately from the hinge between the first link 207 and the second link 208.
For any group of first connecting rod 207 and second connecting rod 208 which are matched with each other, the included angle between the two connecting rods is always an obtuse angle, and the obtuse angle faces inwards.
In this embodiment, four groups of first connecting rods 207 and second connecting rods 208 are mutually matched, so that four groups of supporting wheels 209 are provided, and therefore, four groups of sliding grooves 211 formed on the central shaft 201 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; for any two adjacent groups of first links 207 and second links 208, the axes of the support wheels thereon are perpendicular to each other.
In addition, two rockers 210 on the first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 208 which are hinged with each other are in sliding fit in the same chute, and when the two rockers 210 are in contact with each other, the corresponding first connecting rod 207 and the second connecting rod 208 still keep an obtuse inward included angle state.
Example 4:
an oil and gas production string cutter, on the basis of any embodiment, the anchoring rotary pup joint is as shown in fig. 7 and 8, and comprises at least two anchoring wheels rolling along the circumferential direction of the cutter, a third driving device 301 for driving at least one anchoring wheel to rotate, and a third reducing mechanism for driving all the anchoring wheels to retract and retract along the radial direction; the anchor wheel comprises a large diameter wheel 302 and a small diameter wheel 303, wherein the diameter of the large diameter wheel 302 is larger than that of the small diameter wheel 303.
The output end of the third driving device 301 drives the driving wheel 304 to rotate, and the large diameter wheel 302 and the driving wheel 304 are driven by a chain; a tensioning mechanism for tensioning the chain is also included.
In this embodiment, the third driving device 301 is a motor, and the output end thereof drives the chain to rotate through the gear set, and then drives the large diameter wheel 302 to rotate through the chain.
The third reducing mechanism in this embodiment includes a main shaft 305, a third sliding member 306 slidably fitted on the main shaft 305, a fourth driving device 307 for driving the third sliding member 306 to slide along the main shaft 305, a second elastic member 308 sleeved on the main shaft 305, at least two plugging portions 309 circumferentially distributed on the main shaft 305, and a fourth sliding member 310 slidably fitted with the plugging portions 309 in a radial direction; one end of the second elastic member 308 is fixed relative to the main shaft 305, and the other end abuts against the third sliding member 306; the fourth sliding parts 310 are connected with the anchoring wheels in a one-to-one correspondence;
and further comprises a third connecting rod 311 hinged on the plug-in part 309, a fourth connecting rod 312 hinged on the fourth sliding piece 310 and a fifth connecting rod 313 hinged on the third sliding piece 306, wherein the third connecting rod 311 is hinged with the corresponding fourth connecting rod 312, and the fifth connecting rod 313 is hinged with the fourth connecting rod 312.
The anchoring rotary sub 3 further comprises a first housing 314; the centers of all the anchor wheels are distributed around a circumference, and the circumference is eccentrically distributed in the first housing 314.
In this embodiment, the fourth driving device 307 is a hydraulic push rod, and the second elastic member 308 is a spring that is always in a compressed state.
Because the anchoring wheel is provided with two different sizes of the large diameter wheel and the small diameter wheel, the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the anchoring wheels with different sizes should be different, namely the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the small diameter wheel should be larger than the lengths of the fifth connecting rods corresponding to the large diameter wheel. In the present embodiment, when the fourth driving device 307 drives the third slider 306 to return to the upper end of the stroke, all the fourth sliders 310 are in the abutting state with the sockets of the respective corresponding plugging portions 309.
In a more preferred embodiment, the fifth connecting rod 313 has a hollow structure, so that the third connecting rod 311 passes through the hollow portion of the fifth connecting rod 313.
In a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the tensioning mechanism comprises two chain wheels 315 meshed with the chain, a supporting bar 316 connected to the end of the main shaft 305, and fifth sliding members 317 slidably fitted to both ends of the supporting bar 316, wherein the sliding direction of the fifth sliding members 317 is parallel to the line connecting the centers of the two chain wheels 315, and the two chain wheels 315 are respectively mounted on the fifth sliding members 317 on both sides; the device further comprises a mounting column 318 fixed on the fifth sliding member 317, and a limiting block 319 positioned in the middle of the supporting bar 316, wherein a plurality of third elastic members 321 are connected between the mounting columns 318 on two sides, and fourth elastic members 320 are connected between the fifth sliding member 317 on two sides and the limiting block 319.
Preferably, the third elastic member 321 is a spring that is always in a stretched state, and the fourth elastic member 320 is a spring that is always in a compressed state.
By means of the tensioning mechanism, the chain can be kept in a tensioning state all the time when the radial positions of the anchoring wheels are adjusted.
Example 5:
on the basis of any one of the embodiments, the cutting nipple is as shown in fig. 10 and 11, and comprises a second housing 401, a cutting knife 402 positioned at the bottom of the second housing 401, a fifth driving device 403 for driving the cutting knife 402 to rotate, and a linear adjusting mechanism for driving the cutting knife 402 to move along the radial direction; cutter 402 is distributed eccentrically with respect to second housing 401 by a linear adjustment mechanism.
In this embodiment, the fifth driving device 403 is a motor, and the output end thereof directly or indirectly drives the cutter 402 to rotate.
In a more preferred embodiment, the linear adjusting mechanism comprises a hydraulic motor 404 and an output end, the hydraulic motor and the output end drive a turntable 405 to rotate through a transmission mechanism, a spiral groove is formed in the turntable 405, the fifth driving device 403 is installed on a motor base 406, a sliding block 407 is fixedly connected to the motor base 406, and the sliding block 407 is in sliding fit in the spiral groove.
The hydraulic motor 404 drives the turntable to rotate, so that the spiral groove rotates, and the spiral groove and the sliding block 407 relatively move, so that the motor base 406 and the fifth driving device 403 positioned on the motor base 406 synchronously move along the radial direction, and the radial position of the cutting knife 402 is changed.
In a more preferred embodiment, the motor housing 406 further comprises a fifth elastic member 408, wherein one end of the fifth elastic member 408 is sleeved on the motor housing 406, and the other end of the fifth elastic member abuts against the inner wall of the second housing 401. Preferably, the fifth elastic member 408 is a spring that is always in a compressed state.
In a more preferred embodiment, the motor housing further comprises a support rod 409, wherein one end of the support rod 409 is hinged to the motor housing 406, and the other end of the support rod abuts against the inner wall of the second housing 401. When the radial position of the cutter 402 is adjusted, the support rod 409 automatically rotates under the action of gravity, and can always keep contact with the pipe wall on the premise that the size is satisfied, so that the support function is achieved.
Example 6:
on the basis of any one of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, the pipe wall cutter of this embodiment includes a traveling nipple 1, a centralizing nipple 2, an anchoring rotary nipple 3, and a cutting nipple 4, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. That is, this embodiment includes two walking nipple pieces 1, two righting nipple pieces 2 and two rotatory nipple pieces 3 of anchor, and this kind of structure can show the stability and the reliability that improve the cutterbar and send into the required position in the well by the cable operation, has certain card ability of getting rid of poverty simultaneously, shows improvement engineering security, reduces the accident potential of cable operation.
In a more preferred embodiment, the traveling wheels 101 in the two sets of traveling sub 1 are staggered in the circumferential direction, thereby more ensuring stable traveling in highly deviated directional wells, large displacement wells, and horizontal well sections.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the application, and is not meant to limit the scope of the application, but to limit the application to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the application are intended to be included within the scope of the application.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, the term "coupled" as used herein may be directly coupled or indirectly coupled via other components, unless otherwise indicated.
Claims (7)
1. The oil and gas production pipe column cutter is characterized by comprising a walking nipple (1), a righting nipple (2), an anchoring rotary nipple (3) and a cutting nipple (4);
when the walking pup joint (1) is started, the cutter axially walks in the pipeline;
centering the cutter in the pipeline when the centering pup joint (2) is started;
when the anchoring rotary pup joint (3) is started, the cutter keeps the current well depth and rotates around the axis of the pipeline;
the pipe wall is cut when the cutting pup joint (4) is started;
the anchoring rotary pup joint (3) comprises at least two anchoring wheels rolling along the circumferential direction of the cutter, a third driving device (301) for driving at least one anchoring wheel to rotate, and a third reducing mechanism for driving all the anchoring wheels to retract along the radial direction; the anchoring wheel comprises a large diameter wheel (302) and a small diameter wheel (303), and the diameter of the large diameter wheel (302) is larger than that of the small diameter wheel (303);
the output end of the third driving device (301) drives the driving wheel (304) to rotate, and the large-diameter wheel (302) and the driving wheel (304) are driven by a chain or a synchronous belt; the device also comprises a tensioning mechanism for tensioning the chain or the synchronous belt;
the third reducing mechanism comprises a main shaft (305), a third sliding part (306) which is in sliding fit with the main shaft (305), a fourth driving device (307) which is used for driving the third sliding part (306) to slide along the main shaft (305), a second elastic part (308) which is sleeved on the main shaft (305), at least two plug-in parts (309) which are circumferentially distributed on the main shaft (305) and a fourth sliding part (310) which is in sliding fit with the plug-in parts (309) along the radial direction; one end of the second elastic piece (308) is relatively fixed with the main shaft (305), and the other end of the second elastic piece is abutted with the third sliding piece (306); the fourth sliding parts (310) are correspondingly connected with the anchoring wheels one by one;
the device further comprises a third connecting rod (311) hinged on the plug-in part (309), a fourth connecting rod (312) hinged on the fourth sliding piece (310) and a fifth connecting rod (313) hinged on the third sliding piece (306), wherein the third connecting rod (311) is hinged with the corresponding fourth connecting rod (312), and the fifth connecting rod (313) is hinged with the fourth connecting rod (312);
the second elastic piece (308) is a spring which is always in a compressed state; the length of the fifth connecting rod corresponding to the small diameter wheel is longer than that of the fifth connecting rod corresponding to the large diameter wheel; when the fourth driving device (307) drives the third sliding piece (306) to return to the upper end of the stroke, all the fourth sliding pieces (310) are in abutting state with the sockets of the corresponding plug-in parts (309).
2. An oil and gas production string cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter connects the cable at the top, and the traveling nipple (1), the centralizing nipple (2), the anchoring rotary nipple (3) and the cutting nipple (4) are all activated by the cable control.
3. An oil and gas production string cutter according to claim 1, wherein the travelling nipple (1) comprises at least two travelling wheels (101) rolling along the axial direction of the cutter, a first driving device (102) for driving at least one travelling wheel (101) to rotate, and a first reducing mechanism for driving all travelling wheels (101) to retract in the radial direction.
4. An oil and gas production string cutter according to claim 1, wherein the centralizing sub (2) comprises a central shaft (201), a positioning member (202) fixedly connected to the central shaft (201), a first sliding member (203) and a second sliding member (204) slidingly connected to the central shaft (201), the first sliding member (203) is located between the positioning member (202) and the second sliding member (204), and a first elastic member (205) is connected between the first sliding member (203) and the second sliding member (204); the device also comprises a second driving device (206) for driving the second sliding piece (204) to slide along the central shaft (201), and a plurality of second reducing mechanisms which are connected between the positioning piece (202) and the first sliding piece (203) and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
5. The oil and gas production string cutter of claim 4, wherein the second reducing mechanism comprises a first link (207) hinged to the positioning member (202), a second link (208) hinged to the first sliding member (203), and the first link (207) and the second link (208) are hinged to each other; the device also comprises a plurality of supporting wheels (209), wherein the supporting wheels (209) are arranged at the hinge joint of the first connecting rod (207) and the second connecting rod (208); the first connecting rod (207) and the second connecting rod (208) are both hinged with a rocker (210), the central shaft (201) is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves (211), the long axis of each sliding groove (211) is parallel to the axis of the central shaft (201), and the rocker (210) is in sliding fit in each sliding groove (211).
6. An oil and gas production string cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anchor rotary nipple (3) further comprises a first housing (314); the centers of all the anchor wheels are distributed around a circumference, and the circumference is eccentrically distributed in the first housing (314).
7. An oil and gas production string cutter according to claim 1, wherein the cutting nipple (4) comprises a second housing (401), a cutter (402) arranged at the bottom of the second housing (401), a fifth driving device (403) for driving the cutter (402) to rotate, and a linear adjusting mechanism for driving the cutter (402) to move radially; the cutters (402) are distributed eccentrically relative to the second housing (401).
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| CN202310489708.7A CN116427873B (en) | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-04 | Oil gas production tubular column cutterbar |
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| CN202310489708.7A CN116427873B (en) | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-04 | Oil gas production tubular column cutterbar |
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