CN116426807A - Double-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical property and a preparation method thereof, wherein L1 is added into NiCoCr 2 The phase forming elements Al and Ta and the subsequent aging process introduce nano phases into the NiCoCr alloy matrix, and can activate deformation mechanisms such as stacking faults, twinning and the like at low temperature, so that the toughness of the NiCoCr alloy at low temperature can be greatly improved, but the toughness and brittleness transformation cannot be caused. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the low multi-principal element alloy respectively reach 1.3GPa, 1.8GPa and 50% at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The alloy of the invention not only has the characteristics of high strength and toughness, but also can not generate plastic drop at low temperature, so that the alloy has the characteristics of relatively traditional low-temperature materialsHas larger performance advantages, has great engineering application prospect in the field of extremely low temperature, and is expected to become a next-generation high-performance low-temperature structural material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-performance alloy materials, in particular to a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The metal material is an indispensable component in the process of human industrialization and modernization, the application of the metal material is spread throughout various aspects of human society, such as the fields of transportation, aerospace, national defense industry, civil use and the like, and the metal structural material with high strength and high plastic toughness is permanently pursued. With the great progress of modern scientific technology and industrial development, the requirements for high-performance metal structural materials in service in extreme low-temperature environments are increasingly urgent, and the requirements for the service performance of the materials at the ultralow-temperature environment temperatures are extremely high. The metal result material facing the low-temperature environment has wide application scenes, such as aerospace, low-temperature superconductivity, fusion reactor cryostats, liquefied gas storage and transportation, polar scientific investigation equipment and the like, and the material serving in the low-temperature environment is required to have ultrahigh low-temperature toughness. However, most of the traditional alloy materials with single main units have different degrees of ductile-brittle transition phenomena, namely the strength of the material is improved but the plasticity is reduced along with the reduction of temperature.
Therefore, development of a novel high-performance alloy with high toughness and no ductile-brittle transition in an extremely low-temperature service environment is always a key scientific problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of mechanical property reduction caused by ductile-brittle transition of the traditional alloy material at low temperature, the invention provides a preparation method of a double-phase multi-principal-element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical property, and the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the multi-principal-element alloy respectively reach 1.3GPa, 1.8GPa and 50% at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, so that the multi-principal-element alloy has excellent performance.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises, by atomic percentage, 30-33% of Ni, 30-33% of Co, 30-33% of Cr, 5-7% of Al and 1-3% of Ta.
Preferably, the NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy is FCC+L1 2 Structure is as follows.
A preparation method of a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises the following steps:
step 1, homogenizing an alloy cast ingot;
step 2, cold rolling the homogenized alloy cast ingot, wherein the total deformation is 60-80%;
step 3, carrying out recrystallization treatment on the alloy cast ingot after cold rolling at the temperature of 1000-1050 ℃ to obtain NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with a single-phase FCC structure;
step 4, aging the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with the single-phase FCC structure to obtain FCC+L1 2 NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with a dual-phase structure.
Preferably, the preparation method of the alloy ingot in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
mixing the metal raw materials according to atomic percent, and forming an alloy ingot with uniform components by adopting vacuum arc melting;
in the smelting process, vacuum is firstly carried out to 4Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is further carried out, the smelting induction current is 400-450A, electromagnetic stirring is adopted in the smelting process, remelting is repeated until the components are uniform, finally alloy ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible, and remelting is carried out for more than 5 times in the smelting process.
Preferably, the melting process is remelted for more than 5 times.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment in step 1 is performed at a temperature of 1210 to 1250 ℃.
Preferably, the time of the recrystallization treatment in the step 3 is 30 to 60 minutes.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment in the step 4 is 650-750 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a double-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical property, which is prepared by adding L1 into NiCoCr 2 The phase forming elements Al and Ta, and the subsequent aging process introduce nano phase into NiCoCr alloy matrix, and can activate the deformation machines such as fault and twinning at low temperatureThe low-temperature toughness of the NiCoCr alloy is greatly improved, but the toughness and the brittleness are not changed; the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the multi-principal element alloy at the liquid nitrogen temperature respectively reach 1.3GPa, 1.8GPa and 50%. The alloy of the invention not only has the characteristic of high strength and toughness, but also can not generate plastic drop at low temperature, so that the alloy has larger performance advantage compared with the traditional low-temperature material, and has great engineering application prospect in the field of extreme low-temperature service environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a NiCoCr-based multi-master alloy of the present invention;
wherein, a diagram is a micrometer-scale tissue diagram of the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy, and b diagram is a nanometer-scale tissue diagram of the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of tensile properties and low temperature properties of NiCoCr-based multi-master alloy of the present invention at elevated temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature.
Wherein, a graph a is a drawing graph at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and b graph b is a comparison of low-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy of the invention and other alloys.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate but do not limit the invention.
A dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises, in atomic percent (at.%), ni 30-33%, co 30-33%, cr 30-33%, al 5-7% and Ta 1-3%.
The raw materials are high-purity metal particles, and the purity is not lower than 99.9%;
the NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy is FCC+L1 2 Structure, nano L1 2 Introduced through aging heat treatment.
The preparation method of the NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with the double-phase structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly mixing 30-33% of Ni, 30-33% of Co, 30-33% of Cr, 5-7% of Al and 1-3% of Ta metal particles according to atomic percentage, and smelting alloy by adopting a vacuum arc melting method.
Vacuum is firstly carried out to 4Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is pumped, furnace cleaning is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, smelting induction current is 400-450A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, remelting is carried out repeatedly for 5 times to ensure component uniformity, and finally, cast ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 2, homogenizing at 1210-1250 ℃;
step 3, carrying out multi-pass cold rolling treatment on the homogenized sample, wherein the total deformation is controlled to be 60-80%;
step 4, carrying out recrystallization treatment on the cold-rolled sample at 1000-1050 ℃ for 30-60 min to obtain the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with the single-phase FCC structure;
step 5, aging the recrystallized sample at 650-750 ℃ for 1-3 hours to obtain FCC+L1 2 NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with a dual-phase structure.
Example 1
A preparation method of a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises the following steps:
and step 1, uniformly mixing 31% of Ni,31% of Co,30% of Cr,6% of Al and 2% of Ta metal particles according to the atomic percentage.
Vacuum is firstly carried out to 4Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is pumped, furnace washing is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, smelting induction current is 400A, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, remelting is carried out for 5 times repeatedly to ensure component uniformity, and finally, cast ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 2, homogenizing the alloy ingot at 1210 ℃;
step 3, cold rolling the homogenized alloy ingot at room temperature, wherein the deformation is controlled at 60%;
step 4, carrying out recrystallization treatment on the alloy cast ingot after cold rolling at 1000 ℃ for 1h to obtain NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with a single-phase FCC structure;
step 5, niCoCr-based multi-element alloy of single-phase FCC structureAging at 750deg.C for 1 hr to obtain biphase FCC+L1 2 Organization, as in fig. 1.
Example 2
A preparation method of a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises the following steps:
and step 1, uniformly mixing metal particles of 33% of Ni,30% of Co,31% of Cr,5% of Al and 1% of Ta according to atomic percentage.
Vacuum is firstly carried out to 4Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is pumped, furnace cleaning is repeated for three times to ensure a high-purity vacuum environment, smelting induction current is 425, electromagnetic stirring is carried out in the alloy smelting process, remelting is carried out for 5 times repeatedly to ensure component uniformity, and finally, cast ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible;
step 2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the alloy ingot at 1230 ℃;
step 3, cold rolling the homogenized alloy cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the total deformation is controlled at 70%;
step 4, recrystallizing the alloy ingot after cold rolling at 1025 ℃ for 45min to obtain NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with a single-phase FCC structure;
step 5, aging the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with the single-phase FCC structure at 700 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain FCC+L1 2 NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with a dual-phase structure.
Example 3
A preparation method of a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties comprises the following steps:
and step 1, uniformly mixing metal particles of 30% of Ni,33% of Co,30% of Cr,4% of Al and 3% of Ta according to atomic percentage.
Step 2, carrying out homogenization treatment on the alloy ingot at 1250 ℃;
step 3, cold rolling the homogenized alloy cast ingot at room temperature, wherein the total deformation is controlled at 80%;
step 4, recrystallizing the alloy cast ingot after cold rolling at 1050 ℃ for 30min to obtain NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with a single-phase FCC structure;
step 5, aging the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with the single-phase FCC structure at 650 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain FCC+L1 2 NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with a dual-phase structure.
Representative tensile curves for the examples versus other alloys low temperature performance are shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy of the present invention, with microscale being an equiaxed grain FCC matrix, and nanoscale visible high density L1 2 The phase is uniformly distributed in the matrix with the diameter of about 7 nm.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the tensile properties at room temperature and at low temperature and the low temperature of the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy of the embodiment of the invention, and shows that the material of the invention has no ductile-brittle transition phenomenon, the strength and the plasticity at low temperature are improved simultaneously, and the material has more excellent low-temperature comprehensive mechanical properties compared with single-phase FCC alloy, traditional high-performance low-temperature steel and the material with the same structure as the material of the invention.
The invention provides a double-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical property, which is prepared by adding L1 into NiCoCr 2 The phase forming elements Al and Ta and the subsequent aging process introduce nano phases into the NiCoCr alloy matrix, and can activate deformation mechanisms such as stacking faults, twinning and the like at low temperature, so that the toughness of the NiCoCr alloy at low temperature can be greatly improved, but the toughness and brittleness transformation cannot be caused. Finally, the nano-phase reinforced multi-principal element alloy with excellent strong plastic matching at low temperature is obtained, and the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the material at the liquid nitrogen temperature respectively reach 1.3GPa, 1.8GPa and 50%. The alloy of the invention not only has the characteristics of high strength and toughness, but also can not generate plastic drop at low temperature, so that the alloy has larger performance advantage compared with the traditional low-temperature material, has great engineering application prospect in the extremely low-temperature field, and is expected to become a next-generation high-performance low-temperature structural material.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties is characterized by comprising, by atomic percentage, 30-33% of Ni, 30-33% of Co, 30-33% of Cr, 5-7% of Al and 1-3% of Ta.
2. The dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 1, wherein the dual-phase multi-principal element alloy is fcc+l1 2 Structure is as follows.
3. A method for preparing a dual-phase multi-principal component alloy having excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, homogenizing an alloy cast ingot;
step 2, cold rolling the homogenized alloy cast ingot, wherein the total deformation is 60-80%;
step 3, carrying out recrystallization treatment on the alloy cast ingot after cold rolling at the temperature of 1000-1050 ℃ to obtain NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with a single-phase FCC structure;
step 4, aging the NiCoCr-based multi-element alloy with the single-phase FCC structure to obtain FCC+L1 2 NiCoCr-based multi-principal element alloy with a dual-phase structure.
4. The method for preparing a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the method for preparing the alloy ingot in the step 1 is as follows:
mixing the metal raw materials according to atomic percent, and forming an alloy ingot with uniform components by adopting vacuum arc melting;
in the smelting process, vacuum is firstly carried out to 4Pa, then high-purity argon is introduced, vacuum is further carried out, the smelting induction current is 400-450A, electromagnetic stirring is adopted in the smelting process, remelting is repeated until the components are uniform, finally alloy ingots are obtained by cooling in a water-cooled copper crucible, and remelting is carried out for more than 5 times in the smelting process.
5. The method for producing a two-phase multi-principal component alloy having excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 4, wherein the melting is performed 5 times or more.
6. The method for producing a dual-phase multi-principal component alloy having excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the homogenization treatment in step 1 is performed at a temperature of 1210 to 1250 ℃.
7. The method for producing a dual-phase multi-principal component alloy having excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the recrystallization treatment in step 3 is performed for 30 to 60 minutes.
8. The method for preparing a dual-phase multi-principal element alloy with excellent low-temperature mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the aging treatment in step 4 is performed at 650-750 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
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