CN116426318A - Carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protective agent injection process - Google Patents
Carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protective agent injection process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116426318A CN116426318A CN202310262090.0A CN202310262090A CN116426318A CN 116426318 A CN116426318 A CN 116426318A CN 202310262090 A CN202310262090 A CN 202310262090A CN 116426318 A CN116426318 A CN 116426318A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical group O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/726—Start-up
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a carbonaceous substance self-supporting gasification protective agent injection process, in the gasification flow of a carbonaceous substance waste boiler, by-product steam is overheated through waste boiler outlet overheat equipment, part of the by-product steam is used as protective agent required by normal operation of gasification to be sent to a burner, and the rest of the by-product steam is sent to an external pipe network; and the gasification protection steam is connected into low-pressure steam or a water pipeline for startup and is used as a gasification reaction protective agent for startup, and after the waste boiler produces steam in the startup process, the steam is switched into the waste boiler byproduct steam to be used as the gasification reaction protective agent. When the gasification start-up device is used for gasification start-up, low-pressure-grade steam or water is used as a protective agent, after start-up and feeding are carried out, after steam is produced by a waste boiler, the waste boiler is switched to self-produced steam to replace the low-pressure-grade steam or water for start-up, then the steam side and the synthesis gas side of the waste boiler keep a certain pressure rise rate to reach target pressure, the normal operation process is carried out from replacement of the low-pressure steam or water for start-up, and the byproduct steam of the waste boiler is always used as the protective agent for gasification reaction; the economic and stable operation of the device is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protective agent injection process.
Background
The increase of the operating pressure can increase the concentration of gasification reactants, increase the reaction driving force and finally increase the production intensity of the gasification furnace. With the increasing size of gasification devices, the existing gasification process basically adopts high-pressure operation, which requires that the protective agent for gasification reaction has higher pressure, so that the protective agent can be ensured to smoothly enter the gasification furnace by overcoming the resistance of pipelines and burners. In the gasification device of the waste boiler flow, the byproduct steam of the waste boiler can be used as a protective agent source, so that the self-supply of the steam protective agent in normal operation is realized. However, part of projects lack of high-pressure grade steam integrally to provide steam for the beginning of the start-up of the gasification device, and the matched start-up boiler is required to provide high-pressure steam, so that project occupation and investment cost are increased, and the overall economic benefit of the device is affected. Therefore, the research on the injection scheme of the start-up protective agent has very remarkable significance for the economic and stable operation of the gasification technology of the carbon-containing substances in the waste boiler flow.
In the literature (petrochemical technology, 2021,28 (6): 5), two heavy oil gasification processes, namely a shell waste boiler and a chilling heavy oil gasification process, are listed, wherein the gasification furnace is fed with heavy oil, oxygen and high-pressure steam, and three feeds respectively enter a burner through respective channels. The high pressure steam plays roles of a protective agent, a gasifying agent, an oxygen supplying agent and an atomizing agent in the heavy oil gasification reaction. The protective agent used in the driving stage and normal operation is high-pressure steam provided by an external pipe network. The technology is optimized and improved, long-period stable operation is realized, and each key device and vulnerable part reach or exceed the design life. But it has the following disadvantages:
(1) is susceptible to an off-boundary steam supply. The high-pressure steam in the two processes is supplied by a whole plant pipe network, and various factors exist to influence the steam supply stability, such as boiler faults, device arrangement positions, other user use faults, faults of temperature and pressure reducers in the devices and the like, so that the normal steam use stability of the gasification device can be influenced, and if the high-pressure steam supply fluctuates in the operation process of the gasification device, the operation stability of the device can be influenced, and even unnecessary shutdown of the device can be caused;
(2) a high pressure steam source is required to be started. The steam is provided outside the boundary during the operation and normal operation, the byproduct steam of the waste boiler flow can be used as a steam protecting agent for normal use of the gasification device, but the high-pressure steam still used at the beginning of the gasification operation needs to be replaced by other steam sources, and even a new boiler is possibly needed to provide the steam.
In the literature (chemical design, 1994,4 (6): 7.) of application and improvement of a Texaco heavy oil gasification furnace, a Texaco heavy oil gasification process flow is described, wherein heavy oil, oxygen and high-pressure steam are fed into the gasification furnace, the heavy oil and the high-pressure steam are mixed and enter a burner through the same channel, and the oxygen enters through a separate channel. The high pressure steam is supplied from outside the boundary, and the same steam source is used in the driving stage and normal operation. The technology has the advantages of simple structural design, small size, relatively simple control system and the like of the burner. However, the problem of insufficient steam supply stability is caused, unnecessary stopping of the device is easy to cause, and a high-pressure steam source is required to be started.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current state of the art, the invention provides a carbonaceous substance self-contained gasification protective agent injection process which can eliminate the dependence on external high-pressure steam, adopts an easily obtained gasification protective agent in the driving process, adopts waste boiler self-produced steam as the gasification protective agent after a gasification system is raised to a certain pressure, realizes the self-contained system and ensures the economic and stable operation of the device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protective agent injection process:
in the gasification process of the waste boiler containing carbon substances, after the by-product steam is overheated by the overheating equipment at the outlet of the waste boiler, part of the by-product steam is used as a protective agent required by normal operation of gasification and is sent to a burner, and the rest of the by-product steam is sent to an external pipe network;
and the gasification protection steam is connected into low-pressure steam or a water pipeline for startup and is used as a gasification reaction protective agent for startup, and after the waste boiler produces steam in the startup process, the steam is switched into the waste boiler byproduct steam to be used as the gasification reaction protective agent.
Specifically, the carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process comprises the following steps:
starting steam or water pipelines are used as starting protective agent injection pipelines;
after the gasification furnace is baked, the carbonaceous raw material, high-pressure oxygen and a start-up protective agent are simultaneously fed into a burner, and the reaction is carried out in the gasification furnace;
after feeding, the synthetic gas side pressure of the gasification furnace and the waste boiler rises according to the set pressure rising rate, and meanwhile, the steam side of the waste boiler generates steam due to the heat brought by high-temperature synthetic gas, so that the pressure also rises gradually;
the byproduct steam of the waste boiler enters a steam superheater for superheating, and after the superheated steam is sent to a gasification burner as a gasification protective agent in one path and sent to an external pipe network in one path;
when the pressure of the byproduct steam is higher than that of the starting low-pressure steam or water, closing a cut-off valve of the starting low-pressure steam or water pipeline, opening the cut-off valve of the steam pipeline, switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent, and controlling the flow of the byproduct steam through a regulating valve;
closing a valve of a starting low-pressure steam or water pipeline, and switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent;
the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste pot is sent into a synthesis gas washing procedure for cooling and washing treatment, and sequentially passes through a washing cooler, a primary mixer, a cyclone separator, a secondary mixer and a water washing tower;
sending the synthesis gas with the dust content reaching the standard to a downstream process for further treatment;
in the cooling and washing process of the synthesis gas, the black water generated by a washing cooler and a cyclone separator is sent to a black water flash evaporation system for treatment;
the wash water of the raw synthesis gas in the water wash column is mainly condensate from downstream processes and high Wen Huishui from the black water flash system. In order to protect the inlet tube plate of the waste boiler, a tube plate cooling procedure is arranged.
Preferably, the burner is a nozzle with a conical channel, and is equipment for realizing the feeding of gasification reaction raw materials;
the carbon-containing raw material and the protective agent share a burner channel, or a channel is arranged independently;
multiple carbon-containing raw materials enter the burner separately or enter the same burner channel after being mixed;
the high-pressure oxygen enters the burner in a single channel or two channels;
the burner is of a double-channel, three-channel or multi-channel structure according to different feeding requirements;
the outside of the burner is provided with a cooling water system for cooling and protecting the burner, and the system is of a jacket type or coil pipe type structure.
Preferably, the gasification furnace is a place where carbonaceous substances, high-pressure oxygen and a protective agent react to generate synthesis gas, the gasification pressure is normal pressure-6.5 MPaG, and the gasification temperature is 1200-1500 ℃;
the gasifying agent is pure oxygen and high-pressure steam; the carbonaceous materials comprise heavy oil, refinery dry gas, natural gas, coal slurry and biomass;
the gasification furnace is of a cold wall type or a hot wall type structure, wherein the cold wall type is a water wall type, and the hot wall type is made of refractory materials.
Preferably, the heavy oil is produced by various devices of a refinery and is one or more of atmospheric residuum, vacuum residuum, hydrogenated tail oil, coking tail oil, ethylene tar and dirty oil.
Preferably, one end of the low-pressure steam or water pipeline is connected with a protective agent pipeline for normal gasification, and is used for providing protective agent for gasification reaction at the beginning of start-up, wherein the steam is saturated or superheated steam, and the pressure of the steam is 0.5-6.5 MPaG;
the water as the protective agent is at least one of process water, desalted water and boiler water, the pressure is 0.5-6.5 MPaG, and the water temperature is normal temperature-280 ℃.
Preferably, the waste boiler is a place for recycling high-order sensible heat byproduct steam of the raw synthesis gas of the gasifier, and is integrated with the gasifier or separated from the gasifier;
the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace can be conveyed to the pipe side of the waste pot or the shell side of the waste pot;
the specification of the byproduct steam of the waste boiler is 4-13 MPaG;
the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste boiler is 5-300 ℃ higher than the temperature of the steam side.
Preferably, the steam superheating device is a device for superheating the byproduct saturated steam of the waste boiler by using other heat, and is used for conveying and using the steam;
other heat includes heating with fuel, electric heating or other suitable temperature medium, such as waste boiler outlet coarse synthesis gas;
the temperature of the superheated steam is 10-300 ℃ higher than the saturation temperature.
Preferably, the pressure of the protective agent during the overheat steam switching is 0.3-2.0 MPa higher than that of the working steam or water, and the flow rate of the protective agent is 0.05-0.8 times of the feeding amount of the carbonaceous substance.
Preferably, the black water flash evaporation system is a black water heat recovery and recycling system and is a two-stage, three-stage or four-stage flash evaporation system.
In the above preferred manner, there are the following advantages:
(1) The operation protective agent has wide selection range
The start-up protective agent adopted by the invention can adopt low-pressure steam, process wastewater, boiler water and the like, has wide selectable range aiming at the basic conditions of different devices and has strong applicability;
(2) Simple configuration and low investment cost
According to the self-contained protective agent injection method, the number of the added instrument valves and pipelines is small, more investment cost is not increased, and the comprehensive benefit is high;
(3) The switching system is simple to control
The switching of the byproduct steam is realized in the starting process, and the switching operation can be performed only by the fact that the pressure of the byproduct steam is higher than that of the low-pressure starting protective agent; in the switching process, the low-pressure start-up protective agent can be prevented from exiting temporarily, and then exits after the byproduct steam flow reaches the target value, so that the requirement on the action time of an adjusting valve of a switching system is low, and the system is convenient to control;
(4) The system has high reliability
The self-contained protective agent injection method provided by the invention can not only solve the dependence of the starting process on high-pressure steam, but also realize the self-contained of the steam protective agent in the normal operation process; the scheme provided by the invention reduces the requirements of the gasification device on the whole plant steam system, can avoid the fluctuation of the gasification device caused by the fluctuation of the external steam supply, and improves the operation reliability of the gasification system.
The tube plate cooling process and the synthetic gas washing process have the advantages that the technical difference is large, the self-contained protective agent injection process is characterized in that the self-contained protective agent injection process is only aimed at the start-up and normal operation protective steam injection scheme, is irrelevant to the arrangement of the tube plate cooling process and the synthetic gas washing process, and can be applied to different washing and cooling technologies.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: when the gasification start-up device is used for gasification start-up, low-pressure-grade steam or water is used as a protective agent, after start-up and feeding are carried out, after steam is produced by a waste boiler, the waste boiler is switched to self-produced steam to replace the low-pressure-grade steam or water for start-up, then the steam side and the synthesis gas side of the waste boiler keep a certain pressure rise rate to reach target pressure, the normal operation process is carried out from replacement of the low-pressure steam or water for start-up, and the byproduct steam of the waste boiler is always used as the protective agent for gasification reaction; the invention effectively solves the problem that the prior art depends on the high-pressure steam outside the boundary, adopts the easily-obtained gasification protective agent in the driving process, adopts the waste boiler self-produced steam as the gasification protective agent after the gasification system rises to a certain pressure, realizes the self-supply of the system and ensures the economic and stable operation of the device;
the 'self-contained' gasification protective agent injection process provided by the invention can avoid the dependence of the existing process on the external high-pressure steam and the influence of high-pressure steam supply fluctuation on the device, and has the advantages of wide selection range of the starting protective agent, simple configuration, low investment cost, simple control of a switching system, high system reliability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a burner; 2-gasification furnace; 3-waste pan; 4-a steam superheating device; 5-a heat exchange coil; 6-tube plate; 7-a tube sheet cooling water pump; 8-washing a cooler; 9-a black water filter; 10-a black water circulating pump; 11-primary mixer; 12-cyclone separator; 13-a secondary mixer; 14-a water washing tower; 101-start-up steam feed; 102-a carbonaceous feedstock; 103-high pressure oxygen; 104-by-producing saturated steam; 105-coarse synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste pot; 106-superheated steam; 107-normal use of superheated steam; 108-feeding pipe network superheated steam; 109-black water is discharged outside the washing cooler; 110-black water is discharged from the cyclone separator; 111-post-wash synthesis gas; 112-transforming the condensate; 113-high temperature grey water.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus used in the carbonaceous material self-supporting gasification protectant injection process of the present embodiment is the same as that of fig. 1 in terms of the location and connection of the components. The injection process of the carbonaceous self-supporting gasification protective agent in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
in the gasification process of the waste boiler containing carbon substances, after the by-product steam is overheated by the overheating equipment at the outlet of the waste boiler, part of the by-product steam is used as a protective agent required by normal operation of gasification and is sent to a burner, and the rest of the by-product steam is sent to an external pipe network;
and the gasification protection steam is connected into low-pressure steam or a water pipeline for startup and is used as a gasification reaction protective agent for startup, and after the waste boiler produces steam in the startup process, the steam is switched into the waste boiler byproduct steam to be used as the gasification reaction protective agent.
Specifically, the carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process comprises the following steps:
the start-up steam or water line 101 is used as a start-up protectant injection line;
after the gasification furnace is baked, the carbonaceous raw material 102, the high-pressure oxygen 103 and the startup protective agent 101 are simultaneously fed into the burner 1 and react in the gasification furnace 2;
after feeding, the synthetic gas side pressure of the gasification furnace 2 and the waste boiler 3 rises according to the set pressure rising rate, and meanwhile, the steam side of the waste boiler 3 generates steam due to the heat brought by high-temperature synthetic gas, so that the pressure also rises gradually;
the byproduct steam 104 of the waste boiler enters a steam superheater 4 for superheating, superheated steam 106 is sent to a gasification burner by one path 107 to serve as a gasification protective agent, and sent to an external pipe network by one path 108;
when the pressure of the byproduct steam is higher than that of the startup low-pressure steam or water, closing a shut-off valve of the startup low-pressure steam or water pipeline 101, opening a shut-off valve of a steam pipeline 107, switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent, and controlling the flow of the byproduct steam through a regulating valve;
closing a valve of the startup low-pressure steam or water pipeline 101, and switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent;
the waste pot outlet synthesis gas 105 is sent into a synthesis gas washing procedure for cooling washing treatment, and sequentially passes through a washing cooler 8, a primary mixer 11, a cyclone separator 12, a secondary mixer 13 and a water washing tower 14; the bottom of the cyclone 12 outputs cyclone discharged black water 110; the black water output by the water scrubber 14 is pumped to a black water filter 9 by a black water circulating pump 10 for filtration and then enters a washing cooler 8;
sending the synthesis gas 111 with the dust content reaching the standard to a downstream process for further treatment;
in the cooling and washing process of the synthesis gas, the black water generated by the washing cooler 8 and the cyclone separator 12 is sent into a black water flash evaporation system for treatment;
the wash water of the raw synthesis gas in the water wash column 14 is mainly condensate 112 from downstream processes and high Wen Huishui from the black water flash system. In order to protect the inlet tube plate of the waste boiler, a tube plate cooling procedure is arranged, a heat exchange coil 5 is arranged in the waste boiler 3, a tube plate cooling water pump 7 is arranged in the tube plate cooling procedure, the inlet of the tube plate cooling water pump 7 is connected with the lower part of the waste boiler 3, the outlet of the tube plate cooling water pump 7 is connected with the inlet of a tube plate 6 of the waste boiler 3, and the inlet of the tube plate 6 is communicated with the lower part of the gasification furnace 2 through a pipeline.
As a preferred embodiment, the burner is a nozzle with a conical channel, and is equipment for realizing the feeding of gasification reaction raw materials;
the carbon-containing raw material and the protective agent share a burner channel, or a channel is arranged independently;
multiple carbon-containing raw materials enter the burner separately or enter the same burner channel after being mixed;
the high-pressure oxygen enters the burner in a single channel or two channels;
the burner is of a double-channel, three-channel or multi-channel structure according to different feeding requirements;
the outside of the burner is provided with a cooling water system for cooling and protecting the burner, and the system is of a jacket type or coil pipe type structure.
As a preferred implementation mode, the gasification furnace is a place where carbonaceous substances, high-pressure oxygen and a protective agent react to generate synthesis gas, the gasification pressure is normal pressure-6.5 MPaG, and the gasification temperature is 1200-1500 ℃;
the gasifying agent is pure oxygen and high-pressure steam; the carbonaceous materials comprise heavy oil, refinery dry gas, natural gas, coal slurry and biomass;
the gasification furnace is of a cold wall type or a hot wall type structure, wherein the cold wall type is a water wall type, and the hot wall type is made of refractory materials.
As a preferred embodiment, the heavy oil is produced by various devices in a refinery and is one or more of atmospheric residuum, vacuum residuum, hydrogenated tail oil, coked tail oil, ethylene tar and dirty oil.
As a preferred embodiment, one end of the low-pressure steam or water pipeline is connected with a protective agent pipeline for normal gasification, and is used for providing protective agent for gasification reaction at the beginning of operation, and the steam is saturated or superheated steam with the pressure of 0.5-6.5 MPaG;
the water as the protective agent is at least one of process water, desalted water and boiler water, the pressure is 0.5-6.5 MPaG, and the water temperature is normal temperature-280 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment, the waste boiler is a place for recycling high-level sensible heat byproduct steam of the raw synthesis gas of the gasifier, and is integrated with the gasifier or separated from the gasifier;
the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace can be conveyed to the pipe side of the waste pot or the shell side of the waste pot;
the specification of the byproduct steam of the waste boiler is 4-13 MPaG;
the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste boiler is 5-300 ℃ higher than the temperature of the steam side.
Preferably, the steam superheating device is a device for superheating the byproduct saturated steam of the waste boiler by using other heat, and is used for conveying and using the steam;
other heat includes heating with fuel, electric heating or other suitable temperature medium, such as waste boiler outlet coarse synthesis gas;
the temperature of the superheated steam is 10-300 ℃ higher than the saturation temperature.
As a preferred embodiment, the pressure of the protective agent during the overheat steam switching is 0.3-2.0 MPa higher than that of the working steam or water, and the flow rate of the protective agent is 0.05-0.8 times of the feeding amount of the carbonaceous substance.
As a preferred embodiment, the black water flash evaporation system is a black water heat recovery and recycling system and is a two-stage, three-stage or four-stage flash evaporation system.
The self-contained protective agent injection process is only aimed at the start-up and normal operation protective steam injection scheme, is irrelevant to the arrangement of the tube plate cooling process and the synthetic gas washing process, and is applicable to different washing and cooling technologies.
Example 1:
by hydrogenation of tail oilFor example, the synthesis gas is produced by gasification, the effective gas yield of a single furnace is 10 ten thousand Nm 3 And/h. The burner adopts a five-channel structure, and an oxygen+steam channel, a tail oil channel, a steam channel, an oxygen+steam channel and a steam channel are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside. The waste boiler adopts a fire tube waste boiler, and the heat exchange area is 200m 2 . The waste boiler and the gasification furnace are integrated into a whole and are connected through an air duct lined with refractory materials. The normal byproduct 10.0MPaG saturated steam of the waste boiler. The crude synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste pot is adopted to overheat saturated steam, and the heat exchange area of the steam superheater is 120m 2 . When the automobile is started, low-pressure superheated steam of 1.5MPaG and 220 ℃ is adopted. During normal operation, the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste boiler is 404 ℃, the temperature of the byproduct steam is 312 ℃, and the temperature of the synthesis gas is 92 ℃ higher than the temperature of the steam. After passing through the steam superheater the synthesis gas temperature is 370 ℃, the steam temperature is 359 ℃, and the saturation temperature is 47 ℃. One path of superheated steam is sent out of the boundary region, and the other path of superheated steam is used as a gasifying agent for normal operation, the flow is 17.5t/h, and the proportion of superheated steam to heavy oil is about 0.47. The operating parameters of each stream point are as follows:
table 1 example 1 major logistic parameters
Example 2:
taking the gasification of hydrogenated tail oil to prepare synthetic gas as an example, the effective gas yield of a single furnace is 10 ten thousand Nm 3 And/h. The burner adopts a five-channel structure, and an oxygen+steam channel, a tail oil channel, a steam channel, an oxygen+steam channel and a steam channel are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside. The waste boiler adopts a fire tube waste boiler, and the heat exchange area is 200m 2 . The waste boiler and the gasification furnace are integrated into a whole and are connected through an air duct lined with refractory materials. The normal byproduct 10.0MPaG saturated steam of the waste boiler. Natural gas is used as a raw material, saturated steam is heated in a superheating furnace, and the heat load of the superheating furnace is 7.8MW. When the automobile is started, low-pressure superheated steam of 1.5MPaG and 220 ℃ is adopted. During normal operation, the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste boiler is 356 ℃, the temperature of the byproduct steam is 312 ℃, and the temperature of the synthesis gas is 43 ℃ higher than the temperature of the steam. The steam temperature after the heating furnace is 520 ℃ and higher thanThe saturation temperature is 208 ℃. One path of superheated steam is sent out of the boundary region, the other path of superheated steam is used as a gasifying agent for normal operation, the flow is 15t/h, and the proportion of superheated steam to heavy oil is about 0.40. The operating parameters of each stream point are as follows:
TABLE 2 example 2 Main stream parameters
Claims (10)
1. A carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process, characterized by: in the gasification process of the waste boiler containing carbon substances, after the by-product steam is overheated by the overheating equipment at the outlet of the waste boiler, part of the by-product steam is used as a protective agent required by normal operation of gasification and is sent to a burner, and the rest of the by-product steam is sent to an external pipe network;
and the gasification protection steam is connected into low-pressure steam or a water pipeline for startup and is used as a gasification reaction protective agent for startup, and after the waste boiler produces steam in the startup process, the steam is switched into the waste boiler byproduct steam to be used as the gasification reaction protective agent.
2. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 1, wherein:
starting steam or water pipelines are used as starting protective agent injection pipelines;
after the gasification furnace is baked, the carbonaceous raw material, high-pressure oxygen and a start-up protective agent are simultaneously fed into a burner, and the reaction is carried out in the gasification furnace;
after feeding, the synthetic gas side pressure of the gasification furnace and the waste boiler rises according to the set pressure rising rate, and meanwhile, the steam side of the waste boiler generates steam due to the heat brought by high-temperature synthetic gas, so that the pressure also rises gradually;
the byproduct steam of the waste boiler enters a steam superheater for superheating, and after the superheated steam is sent to a gasification burner as a gasification protective agent in one path and sent to an external pipe network in one path;
when the pressure of the byproduct steam is higher than that of the startup low-pressure steam or water, closing a cut-off valve of the startup low-pressure steam or water pipeline, opening the cut-off valve of the steam pipeline, switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent, and controlling the flow of the byproduct steam through a regulating valve;
closing a valve of a starting low-pressure steam or water pipeline, and switching the byproduct steam to be a protective agent;
the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste pot is sent into a synthesis gas washing procedure for cooling and washing treatment, and sequentially passes through a washing cooler, a primary mixer, a cyclone separator, a secondary mixer and a water washing tower;
sending the synthesis gas with the dust content reaching the standard to a downstream process for further treatment;
in the cooling and washing process of the synthesis gas, the black water generated by a washing cooler and a cyclone separator is sent to a black water flash evaporation system for treatment;
the wash water of the raw synthesis gas in the water wash column is mainly condensate from downstream processes and high Wen Huishui from the black water flash system.
3. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: the burner is a nozzle with a conical channel and is equipment for feeding gasification reaction raw materials;
the carbon-containing raw material and the protective agent share a burner channel, or a channel is arranged independently;
multiple carbon-containing raw materials enter the burner separately or enter the same burner channel after being mixed;
the high-pressure oxygen enters the burner in a single channel or two channels;
the burner is of a double-channel, three-channel or multi-channel structure according to different feeding requirements;
the outside of the burner is provided with a cooling water system for cooling and protecting the burner, and the system is of a jacket type or coil pipe type structure.
4. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: the gasification furnace is a place where carbonaceous substances, high-pressure oxygen and a protective agent react to generate synthesis gas, the gasification pressure is normal pressure-6.5 MPaG, and the gasification temperature is 1200-1500 ℃;
the gasifying agent is pure oxygen and high-pressure steam; the carbonaceous materials comprise heavy oil, refinery dry gas, natural gas, coal slurry and biomass;
the gasification furnace is of a cold wall type or a hot wall type structure, wherein the cold wall type is a water wall type, and the hot wall type is made of refractory materials.
5. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 4, wherein: the heavy oil is produced by various devices in a refinery and is one or more of atmospheric residuum, vacuum residuum, hydrogenated tail oil, coking tail oil, ethylene tar and dirty oil.
6. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: one end of the low-pressure steam or water pipeline is connected with a protective agent pipeline for normal gasification, and is used for providing protective agent for gasification reaction at the beginning of start-up, wherein the steam is saturated or superheated steam, and the pressure of the steam is 0.5-6.5 MPaG;
the water as the protective agent is at least one of process water, desalted water and boiler water, the pressure is 0.5-6.5 MPaG, and the water temperature is normal temperature-280 ℃.
7. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: the waste boiler is a place for recycling high-level sensible heat byproduct steam of the crude synthesis gas of the gasifier, and is integrated with the gasifier or separated into a whole;
the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace can be conveyed to the pipe side of the waste pot or the shell side of the waste pot;
the specification of the byproduct steam of the waste boiler is 4-13 MPaG;
the temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the waste boiler is 5-300 ℃ higher than the temperature of the steam side.
8. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: the steam superheating equipment is equipment for superheating the byproduct saturated steam of the waste boiler by using other heat and is used for conveying and using the steam;
other heat includes heating with fuel, electrical heating, or other suitable temperature medium such as waste boiler outlet raw syngas, etc. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
The temperature of the superheated steam is 10-300 ℃ higher than the saturation temperature.
9. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 8, wherein: the pressure of the protective agent during overheat steam switching is 0.3-2.0 MPa higher than that of working steam or water, and the flow rate of the protective agent is 0.05-0.8 times of the feeding amount of the carbonaceous substance.
10. The carbonaceous material self-contained gasification protectant injection process of claim 2, wherein: the black water flash evaporation system is a black water heat recovery and recycling system and is a two-stage, three-stage or four-stage flash evaporation system.
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