CN116418372A - Magnetic induction communication system and method for mobile environment in non-line-of-sight scene - Google Patents
Magnetic induction communication system and method for mobile environment in non-line-of-sight scene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic induction communication system and a method for a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene, and belongs to the technical field of communication. Under the condition of no view distance blocking and wood plates and bricks serving as the view distance blocking, when the peak value of a transmitted signal is 5V, the communication speed is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion speed of a directional antenna of a transmitting end and a receiving end is within 2m/s, the system has feasibility of using sine waves with f=10MHz as carrier waves and QPSK as communication of a modulation-demodulation mode under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to a magnetic induction communication system and a method which can be used for a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene.
Background
The demands of underground and underwater non-line-of-sight communication in mobile scenes are increasing, wiring of traditional wired communication networks is difficult in these scenes, the common frequency band of electromagnetic wave communication is difficult to penetrate soil or sea water, and the characteristics that the magnetic induction communication does not need wiring and the channel is irrelevant to the blocking of soil and sea water can just meet the application demands of these scenes, so that the wireless communication system has received extensive attention from academics. However, the existing magnetic induction communication has few researches, and the research on the magnetic induction communication in a mobile scene is more than that of the phoenix-shell horn; and the communication rate realized by the prior research is not very high, the information transmission rate is relatively slow, the transmitted data volume is small, and even the phenomenon of excessively high error code can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a magnetic induction communication system and method for use in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scenario.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a magnetic induction communication system usable in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene, the system comprising:
directional antenna: a round coil with a certain number of turns and a certain radius is wound by using a wire, and two wiring terminals are reserved for connection with other parts in the system;
resonant capacitor: setting a resonant frequency f, wherein the capacitance of the resonant frequency f is calculated according to the inductance of the directional antenna and the set resonant frequency;
and (3) information source: outputting QPSK modulated signal U with resonance frequency f as carrier frequency s ；
And (3) information sink: detecting a received signal;
transmitting-side circuit: by number of turns N t =3 turns, radius a t Directional antenna L=5 cm t With a resonance capacitor C having a capacitance of 60pF t After being connected in parallel, the communication sources are connected to form the communication system;
receiving-side circuit: by number of turns N r =3 turns, radius a r Directional antenna L=5 cm r With a resonance capacitor C having a capacitance of 60pF r After being connected in parallel, the signal sink is connected;
channel: the device consists of a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit, wherein the distance d between the directional antennas in the transmitting end circuit and the receiving end circuit is formed by coaxially placing an excited magnetic field, the two directional antennas move in opposite directions or in opposite directions along the direction of the common axis, the movement speed is less than or equal to 2m/s, and a separator is placed between the two directional antennas to serve as a sight distance barrier.
Optionally, when the peak value of the sending signal of the sending end circuit is 5V, the communication rate is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion rate of the directional antennas of the sending end and the receiving end is within 2m/s, the system uses sine wave with f=10mhz as carrier wave and QPSK as communication of modulation-demodulation mode under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
A magnetic induction communication method based on the communication system, which can be used for a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene, the method comprising 5 stages:
the 2 nd phase is the signal transmitting phase: presenting the signal processed in the 1 st stage through the voltage change between the two wiring ends of the directional antenna of the transmitting end;
the 3 rd phase is a signal transmission phase: in this phase, the signal is transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end through the magnetic field channel;
stage 4 is the signal receiving stage: in the stage, the voltages at the two ends of the directional antenna at the receiving end correspondingly change;
the 5 th phase is a demodulation phase of the signal: in this stage, the received signals are multiplied by cos (2pi f tau) and-sin (2pi f tau) respectively, and then downsampling is performed, where tau represents time, so as to obtain downsampled signals of the same-phase path and the orthogonal path, then the two paths of signals are combined into complex signals, then phase offset estimation is performed on the complex signals, and finally the signals sent by the sending end are recovered by using the reverse mapping method of QPSK.
Alternatively, when the peak value of the transmission signal of the transmitting end circuit is 5V, the communication rate is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion rate of the directional antennas of the transmitting end and the receiving end is within 2m/s, the communication using sine wave with f=10mhz as carrier wave and QPSK as modulation-demodulation mode is feasible under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the magnetic induction communication system has relatively high communication rate, can be suitable for mobile scenes in non-line-of-sight environments, and has certain reference value for communication research of the mobile scenes in subsequent non-line-of-sight environments.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
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For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an abstracted circuit model of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of the physical location of two directional antenna placements according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication model abstracted from a specific embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a randomly generated in-phase binary signal used in embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a randomly generated orthogonal binary signal used in embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a constellation diagram of a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows a QPSK modulated signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an enlarged detail view of a QPSK modulated signal portion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a signal received by an oscilloscope according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-correlation result of a signal received by an embodiment of the present invention and a Baker code;
FIG. 11 is a complete set of signals extracted by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a demodulation process of a phase-by-phase signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a demodulation process of a quadrature path signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a constellation diagram of a received signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The structure of the circuit model abstracted by the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following physical devices and instruments:
directional antenna: the antenna is formed by winding enameled wires with the wire diameter of 1mm, and is a round coil with the radius of 5cm and the number of turns of 3 turns, wherein one of a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit is respectively a directional antenna L t And directional antenna L r The two are coaxially arranged, the physical position is shown in figure 2, the physical parameters of the two enamelled coils are completely consistent, and the inductance L of the coils is measured t ＝L r =2.4 uH, represented in fig. 1 by an abstract representation as a pair of coupling inductances;
capacitance: setting a resonant frequency f=10mhz, matching according to formula (1), and the result is shown in formula (2):
where f represents frequency, pi represents circumference, and L represents inductance (including but not limited to L t 、L r ) C represents a capacitance (including but not limited to, for the system to reach resonance frequency, give L t And L r Capacitors C respectively matched t ' and C r ')；
In the practical experiments of the embodiment, since the enameled coil of the directional antenna inevitably has distributed capacitance at the resonance frequency at a plurality of places such as between turns, between the coil and the ground, and the like, the test shows that C t ＝C r When=60 pF, the resonance frequency of the parallel circuit is 10MHz, so the capacitance of the actually matched capacitor is 60pF;
and (3) information source: in this embodiment, the modeling is performed by using a signal generator, and the modeling is performed by using an ideal voltage source and a resistance value R S Resistor series of =50Ω outputs QPSK modulated signal U having resonance frequency as carrier frequency S ；
And (3) information sink: in this embodiment, implementation is performed using an oscilloscope, modeled as a resistorResistor R with value of 1MΩ L The voltage meter is connected in parallel with an ideal voltmeter to detect received signals;
as shown in fig. 3, a directional antenna L t And matched capacitor C t Connecting the signal generators in parallel to form a transmitting end circuit of the communication model; a directional antenna L r And matched capacitor C r And connecting the two parallel circuits and then connecting the two parallel circuits with an oscilloscope to form a receiving end circuit of the communication model.
In this embodiment, the communication system is used in cooperation with MATLAB software, a slipway module, a driver, a motor, a switching power supply, and other devices to realize communication in a moving scene under a non-line-of-sight condition. It should be noted that the above-described software and devices are shown for the purpose of illustrating the present embodiment and are not part of the communication system as they may have different implementations in actual use.
The transmitting end directional antenna is fixed on a sliding block of the sliding table module, the receiving end directional antenna is arranged on the head of the sliding table module, the position of the receiving end directional antenna is adjusted to enable the two directional antennas to be coaxially arranged, a switching power supply is used for supplying power to a driver, MATLAB software controls the driver, the driver controls a motor, the motor rotates to drive the sliding block to axially move along the sliding table module, and coaxial relative movement of the transmitting end directional antenna and the receiving end directional antenna can be achieved. In this example, a wooden board with dimensions of 90cm×90cm×3.7cm, which is consistent with the thickness of the thickest place of the wooden door in the laboratory, was placed at the receiving end as a line-of-sight barrier, and the wooden door was simulated as a communication scene of line-of-sight barrier. The two directional antennas are set to move in opposite directions, and the movement speed is 2m/s.
In this embodiment, the signal is first generated in MATLAB through a random sequence, then mapped into a QPSK symbol, up-converted into a carrier wave, then presented through voltage changes at two ends of a directional antenna at a transmitting end, transmitted to a receiving end through a magnetic field channel, at this time, the voltages at two ends of the directional antenna at the receiving end also change correspondingly, and finally information sent by a signal generator is demodulated through reverse operation in a transmitting process, and in the whole communication process, the specific signal flows as follows:
first, a certain number of two-bit binary signals need to be randomly generated as an in-phase baseband signal and an quadrature baseband signal of the QPSK modulation, respectively, and the signals generated in this embodiment are shown in fig. 4 and 5. Then, mapping is performed through gray codes to convert signals into decimal, because MATLAB is processed discrete data, each decimal symbol needs to be up-sampled, the symbol is converted into a sampling point through interpolation filtering according to the sampling period and the communication rate of the signal generator, and the sampling frequency of the signal generator used in the embodiment is 500MSa/s. The signal is then converted to complex numbers using the pskmod function, resulting in a set of baseband signals at a bit rate of 2Mbps, the signal converted constellation being shown in fig. 6. It can be observed that the signal quality is very ideal and that all symbols are well distributed over four corners. Finally, multiplying the generated complex signal with a carrier wave, up-converting, and taking the real part, as shown in fig. 7, to obtain the final modulation signal, wherein the enlarged view of part of the details is shown in fig. 8, and the jump of the QPSK phase can be clearly observed at the position marked by the small hollow circle.
The 2 nd phase is the signal transmitting phase:
the signals processed in the 1 st stage are led into the signal generator to be circularly transmitted by using functions of visa, fprintf and the like in MATLAB, and the peak-to-peak value of the signal generator is set to be 5V in the embodiment. In this phase the signal is presented by a voltage change between the two terminals of the transmitting directional antenna.
The 3 rd phase is a signal transmission phase:
in this phase the signal is transferred from the transmitting end to the receiving end via the magnetic field channel.
Stage 4 is the signal receiving stage:
in this stage, the voltages at the two ends of the directional antenna at the receiving end will correspondingly change, and when the distance between the two directional antennas is 1.5m, functions such as visa and fprintf in MATLAB are used to control the oscilloscope to intercept and store the signal received at the current moment. As shown in fig. 9, is a signal received by the oscilloscope.
The 5 th phase is a demodulation phase of the signal:
since the signal generator at the transmitting end continuously and circularly transmits signals, the oscilloscope at the receiving end also continuously receives the circulated signals, so that the starting position of a group of signals needs to be found firstly in order to demodulate the signals later.
The barker code sequence is a kind of phase coded signal with ideal auto-correlation properties, and the start position of a set of signals can be found by synchronizing the barker codes. Therefore, in this embodiment, before the signal is sent, the barker code is added to the signal header, so that after the signal received by the oscilloscope is extracted, the signal can be synchronized with the signal received in the 4 th stage through the cross-correlation function, and the starting position of the signal can be found.
The known barker code is first separately modulated as described in stage 1, except that here the number of repetitions is determined based on the communication rate and the sampling frequency of the oscilloscope, rather than the signal generator sampling frequency, when up-sampling, repeating the signal a certain number of times to convert the symbol to a sample point by interpolation filtering. Next, a cross-correlation operation is performed on the processed barker code and the signal received in the 4 th stage, a cross-correlation module is shown in fig. 10, wherein a time corresponding to a point with a maximum modulus is a start time of a group of signals, from the time, a complete group of signals can be extracted by multiplying the sampling frequency of an oscilloscope by the duration of the signals, the sampling frequency of the oscilloscope used in the experiment is 1GSa/s, and a group of data extracted from the time is shown in fig. 11.
As shown in fig. 12, the signal is multiplied by cos (2pi f τ) (where τ represents time) to obtain an in-phase signal, and then downsampled to obtain a downsampled signal of the in-phase signal. As shown in fig. 13, the signal is multiplied by-sin (2pi f tau), and then downsampled, so that an orthogonal downsampled signal can be obtained. The two signals are combined into complex signals, and the constellation diagram is shown in fig. 14. Since phase deflection occurs when signals are transmitted in a channel, we need to use an algorithm for phase-offset estimation to average the known barker code phase and the phase of the complex signal barker code, where the average is the phase at which the deflection occurs. And finally, demodulating the complex signal by using a pskdemod function to obtain the signal sent by the sending end.
Comparing the processed signal of the 5 th stage with the randomly generated signal of the 1 st stage, the results show that the processed signal and the randomly generated signal are identical.
Under the condition that other conditions are unchanged, the moving speeds of the directional antenna of the transmitting end are respectively set to be 1m/s, 1.5m/s and 2m/s, and the moving directions are opposite or opposite, and 6 moving speeds are all provided; the signal rates are respectively set to be 1Mbps and 2Mbps, each signal rate uses MATLAB to generate 5 groups of random signals, and 10 groups of random signals are total; experiments are respectively carried out under the condition that no vision distance block is adopted, and wood plates and bricks (the single block size is 9.0cm multiplied by 4.7cm multiplied by 19.5cm, the accumulated size is 67cm multiplied by 91cm multiplied by 19.5cm, and the accumulated size is consistent with brick materials used for building walls in a building, and can simulate a communication scene of the building walls as the vision distance block) are adopted as the vision distance blocks, and 3 vision distance block conditions are adopted; and intercepting, storing and analyzing the signals when the transmitting-end directional antenna and the receiving-end directional antenna are separated by 1m and 1.5m respectively, wherein the total number of intercepting positions is 2. The moving speed, the signal speed, the random signal, the line-of-sight blocking condition and the interception position are respectively combined for experiments, 360 combinations are total, 5 interception preservation analysis is carried out on the data under the scene of each combination, 1800 experiments are carried out, and the average symbol error rate is 1.40625 multiplied by 10 -3 。
Therefore, under the condition that no view distance is blocked, and a board and a brick are used as the view distance blocks, when the peak-to-peak value of a transmitted signal is 5V, the communication speed is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion speed of a directional antenna of a transmitting end and a receiving end is within 2m/s, the system has feasibility of using sine waves with f=10MHz as carrier waves and QPSK as communication of a modulation-demodulation mode under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A magnetic induction communication system for use in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scenario, comprising: the system comprises:
directional antenna: a round coil with a certain number of turns and a certain radius is wound by using a wire, and two wiring terminals are reserved for connection with other parts in the system;
resonant capacitor: setting a resonant frequency f, wherein the capacitance of the resonant frequency f is calculated according to the inductance of the directional antenna and the set resonant frequency;
and (3) information source: outputting QPSK modulated signal U with resonance frequency f as carrier frequency s ；
And (3) information sink: detecting a received signal;
transmitting-side circuit: by number of turns N t =3 turns, radius a t Directional antenna L=5 cm t With a resonance capacitor C having a capacitance of 60pF t After being connected in parallel, the communication sources are connected to form the communication system;
receiving-side circuit: by number of turns N r =3 turns, radius a r Directional antenna L=5 cm r With a resonance capacitor C having a capacitance of 60pF r After being connected in parallel, the signal sink is connected;
channel: the device consists of a transmitting end circuit and a receiving end circuit, wherein the distance d between the directional antennas in the transmitting end circuit and the receiving end circuit is formed by coaxially placing an excited magnetic field, the two directional antennas move in opposite directions or in opposite directions along the direction of the common axis, the movement speed is less than or equal to 2m/s, and a separator is placed between the two directional antennas to serve as a sight distance barrier.
2. The magnetic induction communication system usable in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene as recited in claim 1, wherein: when the peak value of the sending signal of the sending end circuit is 5V, the communication rate is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion rate of the directional antennas of the sending end and the receiving end is within 2m/s, the system has feasibility of using sine waves with f=10MHz as carrier waves and QPSK as communication of a modulation-demodulation mode under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
3. A method of magnetically induced communication for use in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scenario based on the communication system of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises 5 stages:
stage 1 is the modulation stage of the signal: after the signal is generated in the stage, firstly converting the signal into a complex signal according to the Gray code mapping rule of QPSK, then up-sampling, up-converting the signal into a carrier wave, and taking the real part as a modulation signal;
the 2 nd phase is the signal transmitting phase: presenting the signal processed in the 1 st stage through the voltage change between the two wiring ends of the directional antenna of the transmitting end;
the 3 rd phase is a signal transmission phase: in this phase, the signal is transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end through the magnetic field channel;
stage 4 is the signal receiving stage: in the stage, the voltages at the two ends of the directional antenna at the receiving end correspondingly change;
the 5 th phase is a demodulation phase of the signal: in this stage, the received signals are multiplied by cos (2pi f tau) and-sin (2pi f tau) respectively, and then downsampling is performed, where tau represents time, so as to obtain downsampled signals of the same-phase path and the orthogonal path, then the two paths of signals are combined into complex signals, then phase offset estimation is performed on the complex signals, and finally the signals sent by the sending end are recovered by using the reverse mapping method of QPSK.
4. A method of magnetically induced communication for use in a mobile environment in a non-line-of-sight scene as claimed in claim 3, wherein: when the peak value of the sending signal of the sending end circuit is 5V, the communication rate is within 2Mbps, and the relative motion rate of the directional antennas of the sending end and the receiving end is within 2m/s, the communication using sine wave with f=10MHz as carrier wave and QPSK as modulation-demodulation mode is feasible under the condition that d is less than or equal to 1.5 m.
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