CN116417298A - Switching device with pyrotechnic actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching device with a pyrotechnic excitation device, which comprises a movable contact part and a static contact part for realizing a switching function, wherein the pyrotechnic excitation device comprises a pushing medium for executing downward movement, the pushing medium forces the movable contact part to be far away from the static contact part after one-time downward movement, the switching device also comprises a restraint piece, the restraint piece is arranged at a position corresponding to the downward movement of the pushing medium, the restraint piece is configured to be capable of restraining the movable contact part to return towards the static contact part and is assembled in a coupling way with the movable contact part, the restraint piece is made of a material capable of receiving the impact of a piston without recovering deformation. Only a smaller downward movement is required to ensure that a sufficiently large contact gap is pulled apart, so that the height and volume of the entire switching device can also be reduced.

Description

Switching device with pyrotechnic actuator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of switching appliances, in particular to a switching appliance with a pyrotechnic excitation device.

Background

The relay is widely applied to remote control, remote measurement, communication, automatic control, electromechanical integration and power electronic equipment, and is a core component for controlling the state of a switch in an electric loop. With the continuous development and alternation of electrical technology, the main loop load requirement is higher and higher, and meanwhile, the short circuit resistance requirement on the relay is also higher and higher. In recent years, manufacturers propose the main circuit short-circuit resistance of 20KA or even 30KA, and under such high short-circuit current, a great short-circuit electric repulsive force occurs between contacts of the relay, so that the movable reed is forced to be repelled from the fixed contact. In order to resist the short-circuit electric repulsive force to maintain the closed state of the movable reed and the movable contact, the electric repulsive force has to be resisted by increasing the pressure of the contact spring or the closing magnetic attraction force of the movable reed (i.e., the magnetic attraction force of the movable reed driven to move to be closed by the electromagnetic driving mechanism). However, when the pressure of the contact spring or the closing magnetic attraction of the movable reed is increased, the normal breaking action of the movable reed is also influenced, and when the short-circuit current is further increased, if breaking is not timely, the loop safety cannot be ensured. Therefore, in the prior art, the relay is assisted to be rapidly disconnected by arranging the pyrotechnic excitation device (pyrotechnic actuator), when the system monitors that the short-circuit current reaches a critical value, the excitation device is triggered to detonate gunpowder, and the movable contact (movable reed) is pushed to be rapidly disconnected by the impact force of gunpowder explosion, so that the loop protection effect is realized.

Because the pyrotechnic excitation device is arranged to impact the movable contact to be rapidly disconnected, a larger space is reserved to be matched with the stroke of the piston in the pyrotechnic excitation device, and because the pyrotechnic excitation device is required to be installed, the volume of the relay with the pyrotechnic excitation device is larger, and the miniaturization of products is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention therefore proposes a switching device with a pyrotechnic actuator that is structurally optimized.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a switching device with a pyrotechnic excitation device, which comprises a switching device body and the pyrotechnic excitation device arranged on the body, wherein the switching device body comprises a direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism and a static contact part and a movable dynamic contact part which are fixedly arranged so as to execute a switching function, the direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism is used for driving the dynamic contact part to be close to or far away from the static contact part to realize loop connection or disconnection, the pyrotechnic excitation device comprises a pushing medium used for executing downward movement, the pushing medium forces the dynamic contact part to be far away from the static contact part after one-time downward movement, and the switching device also comprises a restraint piece, the restraint piece is arranged at a position corresponding to the downward movement of a piston, the restraint piece is configured to be capable of restraining the coupling assembly of the dynamic contact part and the dynamic contact part, which is recovered towards the static contact part, and the restraint piece is made of a material capable of receiving the impact of the pushing medium and not recovering after the impact of the pushing medium.

The pushing medium is high-pressure fuel gas generated by ignition of the pyrotechnic excitation device, or the pushing medium is a piston.

In one embodiment, the restraining member is preferably a restraining frame, and the restraining frame is flattened by deformation incapable of being recovered after receiving the impact of the pushing medium, so as to restrain the movable contact portion from recovering toward the static contact portion.

Wherein in one embodiment, it is preferred that the constraint is made of stainless steel or mild steel material.

Wherein, based on manufacturing and installation considerations, in one embodiment, it is preferable that the movable contact portion is in a plate-like structure, and the restraining frame straddles the plate-like movable contact portion to restrain the movable contact portion from returning to the stationary contact portion.

In one embodiment, preferably, the direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism includes a push rod, the constraint frame is fixedly connected to the end of the push rod, the moving contact portion passes through the constraint frame, an over-travel elastic member is fixedly installed inside the constraint frame, the moving contact portion is propped against the upper end of the constraint frame by the elastic force of the over-travel elastic member, and after the constraint frame moves upwards to prop against the moving contact portion and the static contact portion, the direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism drives the push rod and the constraint frame to move upwards continuously to compress the over-travel elastic member, so that the over-travel of the moving contact portion is realized.

In one embodiment, the restraining frame preferably includes an upper U-shaped bracket and a lower in-line chassis, the U-shaped bracket includes a top plate and two side plates extending downward from two ends of the top plate, the two side plates are fixedly connected with two ends of the chassis to form the square frame-shaped restraining frame, and after the restraining frame receives the impact of the pushing medium, the side plates are bent, so that the restraining frame is crushed and flattened in a manner of not recovering deformation. Or in another embodiment, preferably, the constraint frame includes a lower U-shaped chassis and an upper straight top plate, the chassis includes a base and two side plates extending upward from two ends of the base, the two side plates are fixedly connected with two ends of the top plate to form a square frame, and after the constraint frame receives the impact of the pushing medium, the side plates are bent, so that the constraint frame is crushed and flattened in a manner of not recovering deformation.

Wherein, in order to make the side plates easier to bend, in one embodiment, it is preferred that the side plates are hollowed out and/or lamellar structures.

Wherein, in order to make the side plate easier to bend, in one embodiment, it is preferable that the side plate is a wavy bending structure.

Wherein, preferably, the switch electric appliance is a direct current high voltage relay.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the restraining piece which does not recover deformation after receiving the impact of the piston is arranged, so that after the pyrotechnic excitation device is excited, the rebound of the movable contact part towards the static contact part is restrained, the heights of the whole push rod assembly and the movable contact part are further reduced, the contact gap between the movable contact part and the static contact part is further pulled, and the short circuit safety is improved. The invention can ensure that the contact gap is pulled down enough only by a smaller downward movement path, so that the height space of the contact cavity of the switching device can be properly reduced, and the height volume of the whole switching device can be reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the relay with pyrotechnic activation device of example 1 (relay in an open state);

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the pyrotechnic cup of example 1 inserted into and fixedly attached to a ceramic cup;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the pyrotechnic initiator device of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pyrotechnic activation device of example 1;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view (front view) of the structure of the actuator in example 1;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view (perspective view) of the structure of the actuator in example 1;

fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the relay with pyrotechnic activation device in example 1 (relay in on state);

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the relay with pyrotechnic activation device of example 1 (pyrotechnic activation device activation);

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the push rod assembly of embodiment 1;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the structure of the putter assembly of example 1;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view (front view) showing the constraint frame of embodiment 1 being flattened by impact of a piston;

fig. 12 is a schematic view (perspective view) of the restraining frame of embodiment 1 being flattened by impact of a piston;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of the application of the restraint frame to the seesaw-type relay contact circuit in embodiment 2;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view (perspective view) of a putter assembly of example 3;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view (front view) of the putter assembly of example 3;

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view (angle one) of the U-shaped bracket of example 4;

fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of the U-shaped bracket of example 4 (angle two).

Detailed Description

For further illustration of the various embodiments, the invention is provided with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. With reference to these matters, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to designate like components.

The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1 to 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a relay having a pyrotechnic activation device, comprising a relay body 100 and a pyrotechnic activation device 5 mounted and attached to the relay body 100, the relay body 100 comprising a stationary contact 1 (as a stationary contact portion) and a movable contact 2 (as a movable contact portion) for effecting the on-off thereof, the relay body 100 further comprising an outer case 3, one end of the stationary contact 1 being exposed to the outer case 3 to be electrically connected to an external load, the other end being extended into the outer case 3, the movable contact 2 being provided inside the outer case 3 and connected to an electromagnetic driving mechanism 4. The static contact 1 is provided with internal threads and can be used for being in threaded connection and fixation with an external wiring terminal. The movable reed 2 is a bridge type movable reed, and under the action of the electromagnetic driving mechanism 4, the movable reed 2 can relatively move close to or far away from the fixed contacts 1, and when the movable reed 2 is simultaneously contacted with the two fixed contacts 1, the communication of a load is realized. For convenience of description, the fixed contact 1 is defined to be relatively above the movable contact spring 2, and the movable contact spring 2 is relatively below the fixed contact 1.

The relay body 100 further comprises a ceramic cover 6, the ceramic cover 6 is fixedly arranged inside the outer shell 3, the lower end of the fixed contact 1 and the movable contact 2 are covered (namely, the contact points of the fixed contact 1 and the movable contact 2 and each other are covered) so as to form a contact inner cavity, the contact points of the fixed contact 1 and the movable contact 2 are isolated from the outside air through the ceramic cover 6 so as to obtain high pressure resistance, and the relay can be effectively ensured to have low contact resistance, long service life and high reliability. And when the relay is short-circuited, the arc resistance and high temperature resistance of the ceramic material can ensure the safety and reliability of a loop under the short-circuited arc.

The outer casing 3 further comprises a base 32 and an upper cover 31 which are connected, the ceramic cover 6 is arranged in the upper cover 31, the pyrotechnic excitation device 5 is fixedly connected to the ceramic cover 6 by inserting from the outside of the ceramic cover 6, the lower end of the pyrotechnic excitation device 5 stretches into a contact inner cavity in the ceramic cover 6 to be right above the movable reed 2, and the upper cover 31 is arranged on the ceramic cover 6 and the pyrotechnic excitation device 5 in a covering mode to complete integral assembly of the relay. Referring to fig. 2, the pyrotechnic initiator 5 is an independent modular structure, which is a cylindrical solid structure, and a jack 61 is formed at the upper end of the ceramic cover 6, and the lower end of the pyrotechnic initiator 5 passes through the jack 61 to extend into the contact cavity. The pyrotechnic initiator 5 may be fixed to the ceramic cap 6 by welding, riveting, screwing, etc., and in this embodiment, the pyrotechnic initiator 5 is fixed to the ceramic cap 6 by brazing. In this embodiment, the top surface of the upper cover 31 has a through hole and a hollow cylindrical section for giving way and matching the two fixed contacts 1 and one pyrotechnic excitation device 5, so that the top ends of the two fixed contacts 1 can be exposed out of the outer shell 3, and the outside of the pyrotechnic excitation device 5 can be coated and protected. In addition, for improving electrical safety, two sides of the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical section also extend respectively to the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper surface to be shown (not shown due to the angle problem). In other embodiments, the pyrotechnic type excitation device 5 may be fixedly connected to the outer housing 3, but in this embodiment, the pyrotechnic type excitation device 5 is fixedly connected to the ceramic cover 6, so that the assembly process can be simplified, and the pyrotechnic type excitation device 5 and the stationary contact 1 are fixedly assembled on the ceramic cover 6 and then the upper cover 31 is covered.

Referring to fig. 3-6, pyrotechnic activation device 5 specifically includes an actuator 51, a piston 52 (as a pushing medium), and a bottom shell 53. The actuator 51 and the bottom case 53 are fixed to each other in a top-to-bottom manner, and the piston 52 is accommodated between the actuator 51 and the bottom case 53. Wherein the actuator 51 further comprises a hollow actuator base 512, and a connector 511, an igniter 513 and a sealing ring 514 fixedly mounted inside the actuator base 512. The initiator base 512 and the bottom shell 53 are joined and secured to form the outer housing of the pyrotechnic initiator 5. The connector 511, the igniter 513, the seal ring 514, and the piston 52 are disposed inside the outer housing in this order from top to bottom, and the connector 511 is connected to the lead 5131 of the igniter 513. The connector 511 is fastened and fixed on the inner wall of the exciter base 512, the sealing ring 514 is pressed into the exciter base 512 in an interference manner and presses the ignition tool 513 upwards for fixing, the upper end and the lower end of the piston 52 are respectively abutted by the sealing ring 514 and the bottom shell 53, the sealing ring 514 can play a role in moisture prevention and air sealing, and the ignition tool 513 above and the piston 52 below the sealing ring 514 can be further pressed through micro deformation generated by pressing the sealing ring 514, so that vibration loosening is prevented.

Referring to fig. 7-8, the connector 511 is used for fixedly connecting an ignition lead of a monitoring excitation circuit to transmit an excitation electric signal sent by the monitoring excitation circuit to excite the ignition tool 513, wherein the monitoring excitation circuit can be that after a monitoring current value (or a current climbing rate) reaches a certain threshold value, the sent excitation electric signal is conducted downwards through the connector 511, and the ignition tool 513 is excited to perform ignition. An air gap 50 is arranged between the piston 52 and the ignition tool 513, high-pressure fuel gas is generated in the air gap 50 (namely ignition is performed) after the ignition tool 513 ignites gunpowder, the piston 52 is pushed to downwards break through the bottom shell 53, the piston 52 pushes the movable reed 2 to downwards move, the movable reed 2 is helped to be separated from contact with the fixed contact 1, and quick breaking of the relay is realized.

The bottom shell 53 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and the piston 52 is of a revolving structure with a shaft hole matched with the inside of the bottom shell 53, so that the bottom shell 53 can form a guiding function on the piston 52, and the piston 52 moves downwards along the hollow cylindrical inner cavity of the bottom shell 53 after the ignition tool 513 is ignited.

In this embodiment, the piston 52 is used to perform the downward movement of the pyrotechnic initiator, and in other embodiments, the pyrotechnic initiator may be omitted, and the ignition tool 513 is simply used to ignite the powder to generate high-pressure gas to break the bottom shell 53 and push the movable reed 2. That is, the pushing medium for pushing the movable reed 2 downward for realizing the pyrotechnic activation device may be either the high-pressure gas itself or the piston 52.

The electromagnetic driving mechanism 4 is used for driving the movable reed 2 to move, referring to fig. 7-8, the electromagnetic driving mechanism 4 specifically comprises a static iron core 41, a coil 42, a movable iron core 43, a push rod assembly 44, a return spring 45, a first yoke iron piece 46, a second yoke iron piece 47 and a magnetic conduction barrel 48, wherein the first yoke iron piece 46, the second yoke iron piece 47 and the magnetic conduction barrel 48 are used for transmitting magnetic force lines and improving magnetic energy utilization rate, the lower end of the push rod assembly 44 is fixedly connected with the movable iron core 43, and the upper end of the push rod assembly is in linkage connection with the movable reed 2. The return spring 45 has one end acting on the stationary core 41 and the other end acting on the movable core 43. Energizing the coil 42 to make the static iron core 41 attract the movable iron core 43 to move upwards, so that the push rod 44 pushes the movable reed 2 upwards; when the coil 42 is deenergized, the electromagnetic driving mechanism 4 is reset under the elastic force of the reset spring 45. The electromagnetic driving mechanism 4 is used as a common direct-acting magnetic circuit structure, and the operation principle of the electromagnetic driving mechanism is not described in detail in this example.

Referring to fig. 9-10, the push rod assembly 44 includes a push rod 441, a spring seat 442 (as a chassis), and a U-shaped bracket 443, wherein the push rod 441 is configured to output a driving force of the electromagnetic driving mechanism 4, and a lower end of the push rod 441 is fixedly connected to the movable core 43 (see fig. 8). The U-shaped bracket 443 is a sheet structure, and includes a top plate 4431 transversely arranged above the spring seat 442, and two side plates 4432 connected to two ends of the top plate 4431 and extending downward, wherein the lower ends of the two side plates 4432 are fixedly connected to two ends of the spring seat 442, so that the spring seat 442 and the U-shaped bracket 443 are connected to form a square hollow constraint frame 400. The lower end of the over-travel spring 445 abuts against the spring seat 442, and the movable spring 2 passes through the constraint frame 400 and abuts against the top plate 4431 under the elastic force of the over-travel spring 445, so that the over-travel spring 445 and the movable spring 2 are stably mounted in the constraint frame 400 by means of the elastic force of the over-travel spring 445. And, when the push rod assembly 44 pushes the movable reed 2 upwards to contact with the fixed contact 1, the spring seat 442 can further compress the over travel spring 445, so that the over travel of the contact in the on state of the relay is realized.

Referring to fig. 8 and 11-12, in this embodiment, a restraining frame 400 is formed by using a spring seat 442 and a U-shaped bracket 443, when the pyrotechnic device 5 is activated, the piston 52 impacts down on the restraining frame 400, so that the push rod assembly 44 and the movable reed 2 move down, after the spring seat 442 is stopped by the internal structure of the relay, the over-travel spring 445 is further compressed by the impact force of the piston 52, and the two side plates 4432 of the U-shaped bracket 443 are pressed and bent to generate plastic deformation, so that the whole restraining frame 400 is flattened and cannot be restored, and the height of the whole push rod assembly 44 and the movable reed 2 is further reduced, and the U-shaped bracket 443 is straddled over the plate-shaped movable reed 2, so as to restrain the rebound of the movable reed 2 towards the static contact 1. And because the piston 52 impacts downwards, the constraint frame 400 is compressed and flattened, the contact gap between the movable reed 2 and the fixed contact 1 can be further pulled, and the short circuit safety is improved. In another aspect, since the constraint frame 400 formed by the spring seat 442 and the U-shaped bracket 443 in this embodiment can be compressed and flattened, when the push rod assembly 44 and the movable spring 2 of this embodiment are impacted by the piston 52, a smaller downward movement path (after the constraint frame 400 is flattened by stacking the compression space) is required to ensure that a contact gap is pulled sufficiently, so that the height space of the contact cavity of the ceramic cover 6 can be appropriately set smaller, and can be kept consistent with the specification of the relay without the pyrotechnic actuator 5 (the height space of the contact cavity needs to be increased for the conventional relay with the pyrotechnic actuator 5), and thus the height volume of the whole relay can be reduced.

Preferably, the U-shaped bracket 443 is made of a material that does not recover deformation, such as stainless steel or low carbon steel. In addition, in the embodiment, the side plate 4432 is a hollow sheet structure, so that the side plate 4432 is more easily pressed and bent.

Instead of using the restraining frame 400 of the present embodiment to limit the mounting of the movable reed 2 and to achieve the rebound return of the movable reed 2 toward the fixed contact 1, other restraining members may be used instead of the restraining frame 400 in other embodiments, for example, the movable reed 2 is fixedly connected to the end of a strut, but the strut shaft is designed to be capable of receiving an impact to generate axial compression without recovering deformation. It is possible to say that the restraint member is a structure configured to restrain the return of the movable contact spring 2 toward the fixed contact 1 and to be assembled with the movable contact spring 2 in a coupled manner.

The present embodiment illustrates the function and effect of the pyrotechnic actuator 5 and the push rod assembly 44 in a relay configuration, and the same configuration can be applied to other switching devices, such as contactors, in addition to relays.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 13, the present embodiment proposes a relay including a stationary contact portion 1A and a movable contact portion 2A, wherein the movable contact portion 2A is of a teeter-totter structure, and the movable contact portion 2A is driven by an electromagnetic driving mechanism 4A to contact with or separate from the stationary contact portion 1A. The relay also comprises pyrotechnic activation means comprising a piston 52A, the piston 52A being able to force the movable contact 2A away from the stationary contact 1A after a downward movement. A restraining frame 400A is arranged at a position corresponding to the lower part of the piston 52A, the restraining frame 400A is spanned on the seesaw type movable contact part 2A, and the restraining frame 400A is crushed by being unable to recover deformation after receiving the impact of the piston 52A, so that the movable contact part 2A is restrained to return towards the static contact part 1A.

That is, in addition to the application of the restraint (restraint frame 400A) to the direct-acting contact circuit of embodiment 1, it is also applicable to the contact circuit of the seesaw of the present embodiment. It is possible to restrain the contact loop structure of the movable contact portion by utilizing the characteristic of the restraining member that deformation cannot be recovered.

Example 3:

this embodiment proposes a relay having a structure similar to that of embodiment 1, except for the constraint frame structure of the push rod assembly. Referring to fig. 14-15, in the present embodiment, the restraining frame includes a U-shaped spring seat 442A (as a bottom frame) and a top plate 443A, the spring seat 442A includes a base 442A-2 and side plates 442A-1 extending upward from both ends of the base 442A-2, and the side plates 442A-1 are fixedly connected with the top plate 443A such that the spring seat 442A and the top plate 443A are connected to form the restraining frame. Upon impact from the piston, the side plates 442A-1 buckle so that the entire restraining frame is flattened.

This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: while embodiment 1 is configured to implement the restraining frame 400 by the inverted U-shaped bracket 443 being coupled to the lower straight spring seat 442, this embodiment is configured to implement the restraining frame 400 by the U-shaped spring seat 442A being coupled to the upper top plate 443. This example has the same technical effects, although it is different from the example 1 in structure.

In this embodiment and embodiment 1, the side plate is integrally connected with the spring seat (i.e., the structural form of the U-shaped spring seat 442A) or integrally connected with the top plate (i.e., the structural form of the U-shaped bracket 443), and in other embodiments, the side plate may be configured as a single structure, and two ends of the side plate are fixedly connected with the top plate and the spring seat, respectively, during assembly to obtain the restraining frame.

Example 4:

this embodiment proposes a relay whose structure is similar to that of embodiment 1, except for the structure of the U-shaped bracket. Referring to fig. 16-17, in this embodiment, the side panels 4432B of the U-shaped bracket 443B are wavy rather than flat sheets as in embodiment 1. The structure of the wave-shaped side plate 4432B in the present embodiment can make the side plate 4432B more easily bent under pressure, so that the explosive force of the pyrotechnic excitation device can be adaptively reduced.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a switching device with pyrotechnical excitation device, includes switching device body and the pyrotechnical excitation device of setting on the body, and switching device body includes direct acting electromagnetic drive mechanism and including fixed static contact portion and the movable contact portion that sets up in order to carry out the switching function, direct acting electromagnetic drive mechanism is used for driving movable contact portion is close to or keeps away from static contact portion realizes return circuit switch-on or disconnection, pyrotechnical excitation device is including being used for carrying out the promotion medium of downward movement, the promotion medium forces after once only downward movement movable contact portion keeps away from static contact portion, its characterized in that: the device further comprises a restraint piece, wherein the restraint piece is arranged at a position corresponding to the downward movement of the pushing medium, the restraint piece is configured to restrain the movable contact part to return towards the static contact part for coupling assembly with the movable contact part, and the restraint piece is made of a material capable of receiving the impact of the pushing medium without recovering deformation.

2. Switching device with pyrotechnic excitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pushing medium is high-pressure fuel gas generated by ignition of the pyrotechnic excitation device, or the pushing medium is a piston.

3. Switching device with pyrotechnic excitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the restraining piece is a restraining frame, and the restraining frame is flattened by being unable to recover deformation after receiving the impact of the pushing medium, so that the movable contact part is restrained to recover towards the static contact part.

4. Switching device with pyrotechnic excitation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constraint is made of stainless steel or mild steel.

5. A switching device with pyrotechnic activation means according to claim 3, characterized in that: the movable contact part is in a plate-shaped structure, and the constraint frame spans the plate-shaped movable contact part to restrain the movable contact part from returning to the static contact part.

6. The switching device with pyrotechnic activation device according to claim 5, wherein: the direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism comprises a push rod, the constraint frame is fixedly connected to the tail end of the push rod, the movable contact part penetrates through the constraint frame, an over-travel elastic piece is fixedly installed inside the constraint frame, the movable contact part is propped against the upper end of the constraint frame through the elastic force of the over-travel elastic piece, the constraint frame moves upwards to enable the movable contact part to prop against the static contact part, and the direct-acting electromagnetic driving mechanism drives the push rod and the constraint frame to move upwards continuously to compress the over-travel elastic piece, so that the over-travel of the movable contact part is realized.

7. A switching device with pyrotechnic activation means according to claim 3, characterized in that: the restraining frame comprises a U-shaped bracket above and a straight bottom frame below, the U-shaped bracket comprises a top plate and two side plates extending downwards from two ends of the top plate, the two side plates are fixedly connected with two ends of the bottom frame to form the square frame-shaped restraining frame, and after the restraining frame receives the impact of the pushing medium, the side plates are bent, so that the restraining frame is crushed and flattened in a manner of being unable to recover deformation; or the constraint frame comprises a U-shaped underframe at the lower part and a straight-shaped top plate at the upper part, the underframe comprises a base and two side plates extending upwards from two ends of the base, the two side plates are fixedly connected with two ends of the top plate to form a square frame-shaped constraint frame, and after the constraint frame receives the impact of a pushing medium, the side plates are bent, so that the constraint frame is crushed and flattened in a manner of being unable to recover deformation.

8. The switching device with pyrotechnic activation device according to claim 7, wherein: the side plates are hollow and/or lamellar structures.

9. The switching device with pyrotechnic activation device according to claim 7, wherein: the side plates are of wavy bending structures.

10. Switching device with pyrotechnic excitation device according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that: the switching device is a direct-current high-voltage relay.

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