CN116416027B - Micro-grid energy trading method and system - Google Patents

Micro-grid energy trading method and system Download PDF

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CN116416027B
CN116416027B CN202310226587.7A CN202310226587A CN116416027B CN 116416027 B CN116416027 B CN 116416027B CN 202310226587 A CN202310226587 A CN 202310226587A CN 116416027 B CN116416027 B CN 116416027B
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energy
grid
micro
residual
sales
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CN116416027A (en
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吴征天
王智康
孙骋
江保平
程郁琨
付保川
吴宏杰
胡伏原
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Suzhou University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a micro-grid energy trading method and system, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring energy transaction information of an energy transaction participant in a micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes; matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain residual energy sales amount or residual energy consumption amount; and if the residual energy sales or residual energy consumption is insufficient, matching the residual energy sales or residual energy consumption from the public power grid. The energy price is reduced to the greatest extent, the electricity consumption cost is reduced, the dependence on the public power grid is reduced, the load of the public power grid is reduced, and the stability of the public power grid is improved.

Description

Micro-grid energy trading method and system
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of energy trading technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for trading energy in a micro-grid, an electronic device, and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
Electric power has become an important fundamental energy source for promoting the development of modern society. It supports the research and creation of various modern technologies for human services. It is also a main derivative force, and no power exists, so that the modern society can not normally operate. From traffic to education to business, electricity plays a key role, and its importance is not doubtful. As a result, the demand for electricity is rapidly increasing, forcing more traditional grids to be added to the utility power network, which in turn results in increased production costs and emissions of harmful gases. In addition, in addition to the continuous rise in the cost of electric power commodities, humans are also faced with problems such as global warming.
The modern electricity market has emerged as a means of utilizing renewable energy production and micro-grid energy trading. This approach is not only environmentally friendly but also highly efficient, and therefore, there is an increasing number of small-scale energy producers who can sell excess energy to other consumers. There is a need to establish a communication system to meet the two-way communication demands between buyers and producers, so that modern smart grids are emerging that can provide an environmentally friendly alternative to energy supply without relying on conventional power generation devices. Recently, the advent of some communication protocols has met the direct communication needs of both energy producers and consumers in the marketplace. In order for participants to gain more benefit in the trading of the local market, a secure and trustworthy trading mechanism is needed to ensure that the system is running. The use of such point-to-point (P2P) communication systems enables small-scale producers to actively participate in the local energy trading market.
Although point-to-point (P2P) tends to reduce the energy costs of the local consumers, the consumers still need to purchase energy from the utility grid due to the limited power generation of the local micro-grid. This increases the cost of electricity and the emission of harmful gases. Energy trading between micro-grids is a potential solution that can reduce polluting utility grid energy requirements. Most of the existing energy management systems among micro-grids are centralized, have no expansibility and only provide limited trust, and because the centralized systems are vulnerable, the systems are not safe enough.
How to reduce the energy consumption cost to the maximum extent and improve the transaction safety are important technical problems which are constantly addressed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application provide a method and system for micro-grid energy trading, an electronic device and a computer readable storage medium for solving at least one of the problems in the background art.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for trading energy in a micro-grid, including:
acquiring energy transaction information of an energy transaction participant in a micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes;
matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain residual energy sales amount or residual energy consumption amount;
if the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption is insufficient, matching the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption from the public power grid;
and if the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the energy trading manner includes a first trading manner, and the step of matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid or micro-grid according to the energy trading manner to obtain the remaining energy sales amount or the remaining energy consumption amount includes:
matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount in the same micro-grid to obtain a first residual energy sales amount or a first residual energy consumption amount;
and if the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount among different micro-grids to obtain a second residual energy sales amount or a second residual energy consumption amount.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, the energy transaction manner includes a second transaction manner, and the energy transaction object determined according to the energy transaction request matches the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, when the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount are matched between micro grids, an energy trading price calculation formula of the current trading period t+1 is as follows:
Therein, JGM Mn For the energy price, RAT, of the transaction between the micro-grid Mn and any other micro-grid Mn Total energy production ZSC in the microgrid Mn for the last transaction period t of the current transaction period t+1 Mn ZXQ and total energy consumption Mn Is defined by the ratio of:
wherein,energy production for the ith cycle for the ith energy producer, +.>For the energy production of the ith energy producer in the t th period, ns is the number of producers in the micro-grid, nx is the number of consumers in the micro-grid, and t is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
With reference to the first aspect of the present application, in an optional implementation manner, when the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount are matched in the same micro-grid, the energy trading price JGP of the current trading period t+1 sixi The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the RAT is Pi Capacity P for Si production by producers Si And energy demand N of consumer Xi Xi DIS is the distance between producer Si and consumer Xi, ET si ET as energy type influencing factor si ≤1。
With reference to the first aspect of the application, in an alternative embodiment, the steps of the method are performed using a managed smart contract located on a blockchain to enable direct transactions between an energy producer and an energy consumer.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a micro-grid energy trading system, including a management smart contract, where the management smart contract includes:
the energy transaction information acquisition module is used for acquiring the energy transaction information of the energy transaction participants in the micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes;
the first matching module is used for matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount;
and the second matching module is used for matching the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid when the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount is insufficient.
In an alternative embodiment, in combination with the second aspect of the present application, the system further comprises a point-to-point smart contract, an inter-network smart contract, and an inter-microgrid and a utility smart contract.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the micro grid energy trading method described above when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the micro grid energy trading method described above.
According to the micro-grid energy trading method and system provided by the embodiment of the application, the mixed trading scheme is adopted, so that the energy consumption requirements and the energy sales requirements are sequentially matched in the micro-grid, among the micro-grids and the public grids, the energy price is reduced to the greatest extent, the power consumption cost is reduced, the dependence on the public grids is reduced, the load of the public grids is reduced, and the stability of the public grids is improved. In addition, the hybrid transaction scheme is executed through the management intelligent contracts and the intelligent contracts on the blockchain, so that the direct transaction between the energy producer and the energy consumer is realized, the defect of the traditional centralized micro-grid is avoided, and the safety, stability and transparency of the transaction are improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro-grid energy trading method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an energy transaction system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy transaction system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy trading system according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall operation of system participants and smart contracts in an energy trading system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of energy demand of each micro grid according to an embodiment of the micro grid energy trading system of the present application;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the power generation of each micro grid of a specific example of the micro grid energy trading system of the present application;
FIG. 7a is a graph showing average energy price versus other scenarios for a micro grid energy trading system according to the present application;
FIG. 7b is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of sales totals of a producer for the micro grid energy trading system of the present application with other schemes;
FIG. 7c is a load comparison schematic of the microgrid energy trading system of the present application with another aspect of the utility grid;
FIG. 7d is a schematic diagram illustrating the total cost of the micro grid energy transaction system according to the present application compared to other embodiments;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution and the beneficial effects of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described by way of example only, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that the terms first, second, etc. as used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first resistance may be referred to as a second resistance, and similarly, a second resistance may be referred to as a first resistance, without departing from the scope of the application. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor. When "first" is described, it does not necessarily mean that "second" is present; and when "second" is discussed, it does not necessarily indicate that the application necessarily resides in a first element, component, region, layer or section. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that in the context of the present application, "connected" means that the connected end and the connected end have electrical signals or data transferred therebetween, and may be understood as "electrically connected", "communicatively connected", etc. In the context of the present application, "a is directly connected to B" means that no other components than wires are included between a and B.
The embodiment of the application provides a mixed transaction scheme which comprises the following steps: (1) point-to-point (P2P) energy transactions between consumers and producers within a microgrid, (2) point-to-point (P2P) energy transactions between different microgrids, (3) point-to-point (P2P) energy transactions between a microgrid and a utility grid. Conventional micro-grids are centralized in nature, i.e. all transactions are done by a centralized organization, but in this scenario, due to the adoption of blockchain-based smart contract technology, producers and consumers can conduct transactions directly, all transactions between micro-grids can be considered point-to-point (P2P) in nature. Through the mixed trading scheme, the energy price is reduced to the greatest extent, the power consumption cost is reduced, the dependence on the public power grid is reduced, the load of the public power grid is reduced, and the stability of the public power grid is improved.
An embodiment of the present application provides a micro-grid energy trading method, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s10, acquiring energy transaction information of an energy transaction participant in the micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes. Participants in energy transactions include energy consumers, energy producers, agents, and the like. The energy transaction information includes energy consumption, energy sales, request type, energy consumer's address, energy producer's address, distance between consumer and producer, energy type, energy consumer's belonging microgrid serial number, energy producer's belonging microgrid serial number, etc. The request type includes a request for selling energy or a request for purchasing energy. The energy types include thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power generation, solar power generation, wind power generation, and the like.
The information is stored on the blockchain. The blockchain technology is a decentralised safe and effective information transmission scheme, and the safe and reliable scattered energy transaction can be realized by adopting the blockchain technology to execute the micro-grid energy transaction method.
The participants of the energy transaction register the users through the intelligent contract management of the system, so that the energy transaction information can be obtained. When the energy consumer registers the user, the information such as the registration request and the energy consumption demand is sent; the registration request includes a name, an address, a belonging micro-grid serial number, and the like. When the energy producer registers the user, a registration request and saleable energy are sent; the registration request includes a name, an address, a belonging micro-grid serial number, and the like.
When the user is registered, the system automatically allocates the sequence number of the micro-grid to which the energy transaction participants belong. Optionally, the allocation mode is random allocation, allocation according to distance, etc. Each energy consumer and energy producer corresponds to one of the belonging microgrid serial numbers. Each micro-network comprises several energy consumers and/or energy producers.
And S20, matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount.
The energy consumer determines the energy transaction mode when making an energy transaction request. Optionally, the energy transaction means includes a first transaction means and a second transaction means. The first transaction mode is a default transaction mode, and the purpose of lowest consumption cost is achieved by matching energy consumption requirements in the micro-grids, among the micro-grids and the public grids in sequence. The second way of trading is for the energy consumer to trade within, among or to the utility grid. When the energy consumer sees the released energy sales information and makes an energy transaction request, the energy consumer can select an energy transaction mode, purchase energy from any one of the energy transaction objects, or select a default first transaction mode.
The energy trading modes of the energy producer in the micro-grid include a third trading mode and a fourth trading mode. A third way of trade is to sell energy to other micro-grids using P2P communication between the two micro-grids. A fourth trade is to sell energy directly to the utility grid at a fixed price in the utility grid market. By the two transaction modes, the energy producer achieves the benefit.
The matching can be matching energy consumption to energy sales demand, or matching energy sales to energy consumption demand. Optionally, the method for matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount is to perform subtraction operation on the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount. After the energy transaction mode is determined to be matched with the energy according to the energy consumer, the energy sales volume which is not sold by the energy producer is the remaining energy sales volume. The energy consumption demand that the energy consumer is not satisfied is the remaining energy consumption. The matching is accomplished by managing the smart contracts and each smart contract. An intelligent contract is a set of instructions running on a blockchain for automatically executing a transaction flow. In energy transactions, smart contracts may be used to control energy transactions between different principals. Because the participants of the energy transaction register on the management intelligent contracts, the direct transaction between the energy producer and the energy consumer can be realized by managing the intelligent contracts and each intelligent contract, and the defect of the centralized transaction of the traditional micro-grid is avoided.
By adopting transactions inside the micro-grid and transactions among different micro-grids, monopoly of the public grid is reduced, energy price is reduced, and the cost of energy sources of consumers is minimized by adopting a competitive price transaction mechanism and utilizing all available energy sources. Meanwhile, the sales demands of the micro-grid producers are prioritized, and then the sales amount of the producers and the safety of the micro-grid are effectively improved by a matching mechanism ensured by the public power grid, so that energy sales stagnation is avoided. Moreover, the load of the public power grid is reduced, the stability of the public power grid can be improved, and the possibility of power failure is effectively reduced.
For the first transaction manner, step S20 further includes the steps of:
and S21, matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount in the same micro-grid to obtain a first residual energy sales amount or a first residual energy consumption amount. After the total energy production and the energy demand in the micro-grid are obtained through statistics, a first part is separated from the energy production of the micro-grid so as to be preferentially used for meeting the energy demand in the micro-grid. The remaining energy production is used for energy trading between micro-grids.
According to the energy demand of a consumer, firstly, a producer matching the energy demand of the consumer is searched in a micro-grid where the consumer is located. The trade price JGP of the point-to-point trade in the micro grid at this time is calculated by the following formula (10). Total price = JGP the producer's energy sales. Total consumer cost = JGP the energy sold by the producer.
And S22, if the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount among different micro-grids to obtain a second residual energy sales amount or a second residual energy consumption amount. If the energy production of the micro-grid where the energy consumer is located cannot meet the energy demand of the consumer and there is a first residual energy consumption, searching for a producer matching the first residual energy consumption in other micro-grids to obtain a second residual energy sales amount or a second residual energy consumption amount. The trade price JGM between the micro-grids at this time is calculated using the following formula (7). Trade cost between micro-grids = JGM the energy sold by the micro-grid. Total consumer cost = transaction cost between micro-grids + resource price. Energy is sold to other micro-grids using P2P communication between the two micro-grids.
And if the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid.
For the second transaction mode, the energy transaction object determined according to the energy transaction request matches the energy sales volume and the energy consumption volume. If an energy consumer specifies to purchase energy through a certain micro-grid, or through any micro-grid, this matching is performed from the energy producer in that micro-grid in a loop until a producer is found that can sell the energy. If all of the micro-grids do not have sufficient remaining energy, energy is purchased from the utility grid at the utility grid's market price.
In step S20, when matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount, the energy transaction price is calculated in the following manner.
First, the total energy production and energy consumption in a certain transaction period is counted. The 24 hour day is divided into N transaction periods. During a certain trading period t, in the micro-grid Mn, the energy production is performedAnd energy demand of consumersExpressed as:
wherein,energy production for the ith cycle for the ith energy producer, +.>Energy production for the ith cycle for the ith energy consumer.
And after the production capacity and the energy consumption requirement of different energy producers in the t-th period are obtained through statistics, calculating the energy trading price of the next period t+1 according to the production capacity and the energy consumption requirement. First, a trade price JGM between micro-grids (M2M) is calculated. Thereafter, a price JGP for a point-to-point (P2P) transaction within the microgrid is calculated. The fixed price in the utility grid market is JGU.
The energy sales and the energy consumption are matched in the same micro-grid, and then the energy sales and the energy consumption are matched among the micro-grids, so that the energy price can be reduced, the power consumption cost is reduced, the energy transaction is carried out with other micro-grids, the difference between the energy demand and the supply is balanced, the dependence of the community micro-grid on the public grid is reduced, the load of the public grid is reduced, and the stability of the public grid is improved. To achieve this, JGM, JGP, JGU satisfies the following relationship:
JGP≤JGM≤JGU (3)
When calculating the transaction price between micro-grids, firstly calculating the ratio RAT of the total power produced to the total energy consumption in the micro-grid Mn in the t-th period Mn ：
Wherein ZSC Mn ZXQ for total energy production Mn For total energy consumption, ns is the number of energy producers in the microgrid Mn and nx is the number of consumers in the microgrid Mn.
Then, calculating the transaction price between the t+1th period micro-grids according to the formula (7) as follows:
JGM Mn refers to the energy price of the transaction between the micro-grid Mn and any other micro-grid. Optionally, the price is determined at the time of the beginning of the request transaction.
The price of the point-to-point transaction in the micro grid is calculated by considering the distance between the consumer and the producer and the energy type ET used by the producer, which determine the pricing model of the point-to-point transaction. Optionally, the calculation of the energy price is started upon receipt of an energy transaction request from consumer Xi to producer Si. First, the productivity P of the producer is calculated Si And consumer energy demand N Xi Ratio of RATs Pi ：
After that, the distance between producer Si and consumer Xi is obtained:
DIS＝Distance(Si,Xi) (9)
the distance between the producer Si and the consumer Xi is obtained by the addresses of both.
Finally, calculating the energy price of the point-to-point transaction in the micro-grid:
Wherein ET is si ET as energy type influencing factor si ≤1。ET si Is determined by the preference of the energy consumer for the energy type and the energy generation cost. For example, if consumers prefer clean energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy, the value of the energy source is higher, and the range of the energy source is 0.7-0.9. If the local water resource is short-term and fossil energy is rich, the ET for the energy type of hydroelectric power generation si The value of (2) is higher, and the range is 0.8-0.99.
The existing energy trading model only considers the maximization of personal profits, and does not consider the influence of energy prices on the whole system. The energy pricing scheme of the application considers more factors including energy production, use condition, distance between producer and consumer and the like when calculating the energy price, so that all participants are benefited as much as possible, the load of a public power grid is reduced, and the sales of the producer is increased. Compared with the energy price of the public power grid market, the pricing scheme of the application utilizes all available energy sources to minimize the energy cost of consumers and the trade price is significantly reduced.
And S30, if the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid. And when the energy production of the micro-grid cannot meet the energy demand of the consumer and a residual energy consumption gap exists or the energy production of the micro-grid is remained after meeting the energy demand of the consumer, matching the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid.
The cost of transmitting energy through the wires and the cost of energy loss are considered when the producer in the micro grid has a surplus to sell energy directly to the utility grid at a fixed price in the utility grid market.
Utility grid trade cost = remaining energy consumption the energy price of the utility grid market. Total consumer cost = utility grid trade cost.
Assuming that consumer Xi purchases the energy of YU from the utility grid, YM from other micro-grids Mn, YP from the producer Si of the same micro-grid, the cost of the different transaction types described above is calculated as follows:
cost of energy trade for consumer and utility grid:
energy trading cost of micro-grid and micro-grid:
cost of energy transaction for consumer and producer in microgrid:
the total cost CB of consumer Xi is calculated as:
when the current cycle ends the transaction, the energy production quantity of the next cycle is updated.
S40, the energy consumer pays money, and the amount is the total cost of the consumer. When the transaction is completed, the transaction money is transferred from the consumer account to the producer account.
Another embodiment of the present application provides a micro-grid energy trading system, referring to fig. 2, including a management smart contract and a smart contract between a micro-grid and a utility grid, the management smart contract including:
The energy transaction information acquisition module is used for acquiring the energy transaction information of the energy transaction participants in the micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes;
the matching module is used for matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount;
and the intelligent contract between the micro-grid and the public grid is used for matching the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount from the public grid when the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount is insufficient. A smart contract between a micro grid and a utility grid (P2G) for maintaining an energy price of the utility grid. When all the micro-grids are exhausted, consumers purchase energy from the utility grid through this contract. The system participants directly access the contract, which is deployed by the utility grid.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an energy trading system model. In the figure, MG1 and MG2 … … MGn represent a micro-grid 1 and a micro-grid 2 … … micro-grid n, and each micro-grid comprises a plurality of energy producers and energy consumers, which are abbreviated as producers and consumers. The energy trade between the producer and the utility grid is accomplished through a blockchain. The utility grid then transmits the energy to the producer or the energy producer of the micro grid transmits the remaining energy to the utility grid.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the system further includes an intra-microgrid (P2P) smart contract and an inter-microgrid (M2M) smart contract. The terms "P2P", "M2M", "P2G" are used herein only to indicate the scope of transactions, without affecting the nature of transactions directly between the producer and consumer. An intelligent contract is a set of instructions running on a blockchain for automatically executing a transaction flow. In energy transactions, smart contracts may be used to control energy transactions between different principals. Because the participants of the energy transaction register on the management intelligent contracts, the direct transaction between the energy producer and the energy consumer can be realized by managing the intelligent contracts and each intelligent contract, and the defect of the centralized transaction of the traditional micro-grid is avoided.
An intra-microgrid (P2P) smart contract for preserving intra-microgrid (local) energy producer and energy consumer information. When the energy transaction participant registers through the management intelligent contract, the P2P contract cannot be directly called, and the P2P contract is required to be called through the management intelligent contract. All necessary information and invoked commands can only be sent from the management intelligent contract to the P2P contract. The P2P contract includes a search energy producer module for checking the consumer's micro grid serial number (ID), finding producers that can meet the buyer's energy demand, and arranging them.
An inter-microgrid (M2M) smart contract comprising a storage module for storing respective microgrid information; and a micro-grid searching module for searching for a suitable micro-grid to meet the energy demand of the consumer. The memory module employs some data structure, such as a mapping table, dictionary, key-value, etc. If there is excess energy in one microgrid and energy demand in another microgrid, an energy transaction is performed. The M2M smart contracts improve energy utilization efficiency through energy trading between micro-grids.
Managing all energy trading operations within the smart contract execution system. All energy surplus and energy purchase requests are handled by this contract. Upon receiving the energy surplus request, the contract updates information of the M2M contract and the P2P contract. In the case of receiving an energy purchase request, the system first checks the type of request. And if the request is a purchase request, calling a function of the P2P intelligent contract for searching the energy producer module, and matching the consumer with a producer of the micro-grid (local) where the consumer is located. If the energy demand is not met and a gap still exists, calling a micro-grid searching module function, and finding the micro-grid with the residual energy to conduct energy transaction. If the energy source is also used up in other micro-grids, the consumer contacts the utility grid to purchase energy.
FIG. 5 is an overall operational schematic of a system participant and a smart contract. Blockchains are used to deploy and manage smart contracts.
In P2P smart contract transactions, the system first checks the status to see if the transaction is ready, e.g., networking, transaction information such as transaction price, quantity, power source, etc. is published. If the transaction state is ready, the information is sent to the blockchain, and the transaction request is approved after verification.
In the M2M smart contract transaction, as well, the system first checks the status, checks if the transaction is ready, and if the transaction status is ready, sends the above information to the blockchain, and approves the transaction request after verification is correct. If there is energy remaining in one micro-grid and energy demand in another micro-grid, energy trading between micro-grids is performed through an M2M smart contract. Similarly, the system first checks the status, checks whether the transaction is ready, and if so, sends the information to the blockchain, and approves the transaction request after verification.
When the energy produced in all micro-grids is matched, there is still a gap in energy demand and consumers can use P2G smart contracts to purchase energy from the utility grid. And sending a transaction request to the P2G intelligent contract through the M2M intelligent contract. During this time, the M2M smart contract transacts with the P2G smart contract to adjust the utility grid's energy price in real time.
The intelligent contracts are deployed on the blockchain, the blockchain is adopted to create alliances, user data are saved, and intelligent contracts are executed among users, so that distributed, safe, transparent and reliable energy transaction among micro-grids and between the micro-grids and the public grids is realized. Meanwhile, better energy management can be performed by using the intelligent ammeter, and a safe intelligent power grid environment is created. By adopting the intelligent contract with self-execution capability, the rule of energy transaction can be put on the intelligent contract, the contract can not be changed, so that a safe system is realized, the transparent energy transaction market is ensured, all participants trust the contract, and therefore, the central system is not required to carry out energy management.
The application further provides an application example of the micro-grid energy trading system. The trading model is shown in fig. 3, where there is one utility grid, five micro-grids. The five micro-grids in the system are set to have 300 persons of the producer in total, 500 persons of the consumer in total, and are distributed to each micro-grid in a random distribution mode. For ease of comparison, the micro-grid 1 is set to have a strong production capacity and a high energy demand, while the micro-grid 5 is set to have a strong production capacity and a low energy demand.
The energy demand and the power generation of each micro-grid in the system are shown in fig. 6a and 6b respectively. The time range on the abscissa is 12 hours from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m., where the 6-10 hours from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. are the power generation and power consumption peak periods. When the registration of the producer and consumer is completed, an energy transaction request may be sent.
Fig. 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d show the average energy price, the total sales of the producer, the load on the utility, and the total cost of consumption, respectively, using the utility + micro grid in-grid trading scheme, and the hybrid grid scheme of an embodiment of the present application. Compared with a model only considering P2P transaction, the hybrid power grid scheme provided by the application improves the system by reducing the energy load of the public power grid, which is beneficial to stabilizing the public power grid and effectively avoiding power failure. The system reduces the price of the energy source for the consumer, thereby reducing the overall cost of the consumer. Low cost energy in the microgrid encourages consumers to purchase from the local microgrid, thereby increasing the energy sales for the producer. This shows that the hybrid grid system is advantageous for all participants.
For specific limitations on the micro-grid energy trading system, reference may be made to the above limitations on the micro-grid energy trading method, and no further description is given here. The various modules in the micro-grid energy trading system described above may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, and combinations thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program when executed by the processor implements a micro grid energy trading method.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen, and an input device connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface of the computer device is used for carrying out wired or wireless communication with an external terminal, and the wireless mode can be realized through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The computer program when executed by the processor implements a micro grid energy trading method. The display screen of the computer equipment can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer equipment can be a touch layer covered on the display screen, can also be keys, a track ball or a touch pad arranged on the shell of the computer equipment, and can also be an external keyboard, a touch pad or a mouse and the like.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the application. As shown, the electronic device 800 includes: one or more processors 801 and memory 802; memory 802 has stored therein computer executable instructions; a processor 801 for executing computer executable instructions to implement steps in a microgrid energy trading method according to any of the embodiments described above.
The processor 801 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing and/or instruction execution capabilities and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.
Memory 802 may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory can include, for example, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache) and the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on a computer readable storage medium and the processor 801 may execute the program instructions to implement the steps of the micro grid energy trading method and/or other desired functions of the various embodiments of the present application above.
In one example, the electronic device 800 may further include: input devices and output devices, which are interconnected by a bus system and/or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown).
In addition, the input device may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, and the like. The output means may output various information to the outside, and may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and a remote output device connected thereto, and the like.
Of course, only a part of the components of the electronic device 800 relevant to the present application are shown in fig. 8 for simplicity, and components such as a bus, an input device/output interface, and the like are omitted. In addition, the electronic device 800 may include any other suitable components depending on the particular application.
In one embodiment, a computer readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the micro grid energy trading method described above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in embodiments provided herein may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. The nonvolatile Memory may include Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash Memory, optical Memory, or the like. Volatile memory can include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, RAM can be in the form of a variety of forms, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, DRAM), and the like.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A micro-grid energy trading method, comprising the steps of:
acquiring energy transaction information of an energy transaction participant in a micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes;
matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain residual energy sales amount or residual energy consumption amount;
If the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption is insufficient, matching the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption from the public power grid;
when the energy sales and the energy consumption are matched among the micro-grids, the energy transaction price calculation formula of the current transaction period t+1 is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>For the energy price of the trade between the micro-grid Mn and any other micro-grid, +.>Total energy production +.in the microgrid Mn for the last transaction period t of the current transaction period t+1>And total energy consumption->Is defined by the ratio of:；；the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Energy production for the ith cycle for the ith energy producer, +.>For the energy consumption of the ith energy consumer in the t period, ns is the number of producers in the micro-grid, nx is the number of consumers in the micro-grid, and t is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
when the sales amount and the consumption amount of the energy are matched in the same micro-grid, the energy trading price of the current trading period t+1The calculation formula is as follows:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Production capacity for producer Si->And energy demand of consumer Xi +.>Ratio of->ET for the distance between producer Si and consumer Xi si ET as energy type influencing factor si ≤1。
2. The method for trading energy in a micro-grid according to claim 1, wherein the energy trading scheme includes a first trading scheme, and the step of matching the sales amount of energy and the consumption amount of energy between the same micro-grid or micro-grids according to the energy trading scheme to obtain the sales amount of remaining energy or the consumption amount of remaining energy includes:
Matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount in the same micro-grid to obtain a first residual energy sales amount or a first residual energy consumption amount;
if the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount among different micro-grids to obtain a second residual energy sales amount or a second residual energy consumption amount;
and if the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid.
3. The micro grid energy trading method of claim 1, wherein the energy trading method includes a second trading method in which the energy trading object determined from the energy trading request matches the energy sales volume and the energy consumption volume.
4. The micro grid energy trading method of claim 1, wherein the steps of the method are performed with a managed smart contract located on a blockchain to enable direct trading between energy producers and energy consumers.
5. A micro-grid energy trading system comprising a management smart contract and a smart contract between a micro-grid and a utility grid, the management smart contract comprising:
The energy transaction information acquisition module is used for acquiring the energy transaction information of the energy transaction participants in the micro-grid, wherein the energy transaction information comprises energy sales, energy consumption and energy transaction modes;
the matching module is used for matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount between the same micro-grid and the micro-grid according to the energy transaction mode to obtain the residual energy sales amount or the residual energy consumption amount;
a smart contract between the micro-grid and the utility grid for matching the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption from the utility grid when the remaining energy sales or the remaining energy consumption is insufficient;
when the energy sales and the energy consumption are matched among the micro-grids, the energy transaction price calculation formula of the current transaction period t+1 is as follows:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,for the energy price of the trade between the micro-grid Mn and any other micro-grid, +.>Total energy production +.in the microgrid Mn for the last transaction period t of the current transaction period t+1>And total energy consumption->Is defined by the ratio of:；；the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Energy production for the ith cycle for the ith energy producer, +.>For the energy consumption of the ith energy consumer in the t period, ns is the number of producers in the micro-grid, nx is the number of consumers in the micro-grid, and t is a natural number greater than or equal to 1;
When the sales amount and the consumption amount of the energy are matched in the same micro-grid, the energy trading price of the current trading period t+1The calculation formula is as follows:the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Production capacity for producer Si->And energy demand of consumer Xi +.>Ratio of->ET for the distance between producer Si and consumer Xi si ET as energy type influencing factor si ≤1。
6. The micro-grid energy trading system of claim 5, further comprising an intra-micro-grid smart contract, an inter-micro-grid smart contract, and an inter-micro-grid and utility smart contract.
7. The micro-grid energy trading system of claim 5, wherein the energy trading system comprises a first trading system, and wherein the matching module is specifically configured to:
matching the energy sales amount and the energy consumption amount in the same micro-grid to obtain a first residual energy sales amount or a first residual energy consumption amount;
if the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the first residual energy sales amount or the first residual energy consumption amount among different micro-grids to obtain a second residual energy sales amount or a second residual energy consumption amount;
And if the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount is insufficient, matching the second residual energy sales amount or the second residual energy consumption amount from the public power grid.
8. The micro grid energy trading system of claim 5, wherein the energy trading system comprises a second trading system, and wherein the matching module is configured to match the energy sales and the energy consumption for the energy trading object determined from the energy trading request.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory storing a computer program and a processor implementing the steps of the method of any of claims 1-4 when the computer program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of any of claims 1-4.
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