CN116408198B - Biomass crushing device - Google Patents
Biomass crushing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116408198B CN116408198B CN202310687014.4A CN202310687014A CN116408198B CN 116408198 B CN116408198 B CN 116408198B CN 202310687014 A CN202310687014 A CN 202310687014A CN 116408198 B CN116408198 B CN 116408198B
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- crushing
- rotary drum
- biomass
- grinding
- bin
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/24—Drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
- B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass crushing device, which belongs to the technical field of crushing equipment, and mainly solves the problems that the inside of a thicker rotary drum (roll shaft) is not reasonably utilized, so that space is wasted, and biomass in different states is not screened in the crushing process, and the overall crushing efficiency is low; through arranging the small grain bin, the crushing bin and the rotary drum, biomass with different sizes generated in the crushing process in the crushing bin is screened into different spaces, so that the crushing efficiency is improved; and the space in the rotary drum is reasonably utilized, so that the space occupation waste is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crushing equipment, and particularly relates to a biomass crushing device.
Background
The biomass crushing device is equipment for crushing and processing biomass such as straw, branches, bark and the like, and can crush and process strip-shaped or block-shaped biomass raw materials into granular or sawdust-shaped fuel. The existing biomass crushing device is generally characterized in that a rotating rotary drum (roll shaft) is arranged in a processing bin, a plurality of crushing cutters are arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotary drum (roll shaft), the rotary drum (roll shaft) is generally thicker, the number of the fixed crushing cutters and the whole crushing area are increased, in addition, in order to avoid damage or abrasion caused by hard collision of biomass raw materials (such as wood chips) during crushing processing, the crushing cutters are easily damaged or worn, the crushing cutters are arranged into a rectangular bar block structure, then the rectangular bar block is connected with the rotary drum (roll shaft), and biomass is crushed by a whipping collision mode.
However, similar to the biomass breaking device of the above-described solution, in practice, the following drawbacks are found: and (3) a step of: the thicker rotary drum (roll shaft) can enlarge the crushing area and the number of crushing cutters, but occupies a larger area of the crushing bin, the inside of the crushing bin is not reasonably utilized, and certain space is wasted; and II: the crushing knife is of a rectangular bar block structure, and the rectangular bar block has higher hardness when crushing biomass, but is in surface contact with the biomass when rotating along with the roll shaft, so that the direct crushing strength of the biomass is reduced, and the crushing efficiency is reduced; thirdly,: in the middle process of crushing, the biomass which is crushed and accords with the granularity still stays in a crushing space formed between the rotating shaft and the crushing bin, and the biomass which is mixed and does not accord with the granularity is crushed by the primary crushing cutter until all the crushing is completed, so that the ineffective crushing work is increased, and the overall crushing efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects and drawbacks existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biomass crushing device, which solves the problems that the biomass crushing device in the prior art has a thicker rotary drum (roll shaft), occupies a larger area of a crushing bin and is not reasonably utilized in the crushing bin, so that a certain space is wasted, although the crushing area and the number of primary crushing cutters can be increased; and the crushing knife is in a rectangular bar block structure, and when biomass is crushed, the rectangular bar block has higher hardness, but is in planar contact with the biomass when rotating along with the roll shaft, so that the direct crushing force on the biomass is reduced, and the crushing efficiency is reduced; and in the middle process of crushing, the small-size biomass which is crushed and accords with the granularity still stays in the crushing space formed by the rotating shaft and the crushing bin, and the large-size biomass which is mixed and does not accord with the granularity is crushed by the crushing knife until all the crushing is completed, so that the ineffective crushing work is increased, and the overall crushing efficiency is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a biomass crushing device, includes crushing storehouse, and the feeder hopper is established on crushing storehouse upper portion, and the filter screen is established to crushing storehouse bottom to establish the granule storehouse in the filter screen outside, crushing storehouse internal rotation is connected with the rotary drum, and rotary drum internal rotation is connected one end and is stretched out rotary drum and crushing storehouse and be connected with the motor and can carry out the broken and secondary crushing mechanism of milling to the medium-size living beings in the rotary drum, secondary crushing mechanism and rotary drum between through can drive rotary drum counter-rotating and can carry out the drive connecting piece connection of cooling to the motor simultaneously, the circumference outside of rotary drum is connected with a plurality of primary crushing cutters that can carry out multistage breakage to the large-size living beings and can be simultaneously with the small-size living beings to the direction water conservancy diversion of keeping away from the rotary drum center, the rotary drum on set up a plurality of filter holes that can make the living beings of medium-size pierce into in the rotary drum, be equipped with on the rotary drum inner wall and can carry out water conservancy diversion and breakage to the living beings that get into from the filter hole to the mechanism is milled complex with secondary crushing mechanism.
As a further improvement of the invention, the driving connecting piece is arranged between the rotary drum and the crushing bin and comprises a sun wheel fixedly arranged at two ends of the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism, a gear ring with internal teeth is fixedly arranged on the end surface of the rotary drum, the other end surface of the gear ring is rotationally connected with the crushing bin, the inner side of the gear ring is in meshed connection with the sun wheel through three planetary gears rotationally arranged on the crushing bin, and a wheel shaft of one planetary gear close to one side of the motor penetrates out of the crushing bin and is sleeved with a plurality of small fans thereon, wherein the small fans are positioned above the motor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the primary crushing cutter comprises a circular flow guiding cavity rotationally connected with the rotary drum, a plurality of flow guiding holes are formed in the circumferential surface of one side of the flow guiding cavity, which is far away from the rotary drum, a conical crushing table is arranged on the end surface of one end of the flow guiding cavity along the rotation direction of the rotary drum, the conical crushing table comprises a crushing pointed cone at the top and a plurality of annular cutters with gradually increased diameters stacked layer by layer below the crushing pointed cone, and a plurality of sieve holes which are communicated with the flow guiding cavity and can enable small-size biomass to flow in are formed in the cutter surface of each annular cutter.
As a further improvement of the invention, the rotary connecting piece comprises a plurality of fixing rods uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotary drum, the axial direction of the fixing rods is parallel to the axial direction of the rotary drum, two ends of each fixing rod are fixed on the end plate of the rotary drum, and each fixing rod is sleeved with a plurality of primary crushing cutters capable of rotating on the fixing rods.
As a further improvement of the invention, the rotary drum is provided with semicircular grooves at each position where the fixing rod is arranged.
As a further improvement of the invention, a collar is arranged on one side of the primary crushing cutter away from the deflector hole, and the primary crushing cutter is rotatably sleeved on the fixed rod.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cross section of the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism is in the shape of a wind wheel, and comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of crushing and grinding blades arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft passes through a crushing bin to be connected with a motor, the crushing and grinding blades comprise arc-shaped cutter columns connected with the rotating drum and elastic grinding bars arranged at the end parts of the cutter columns and matched with the diversion crushing and grinding parts, and a plurality of secondary crushing blades are arranged on one side surface of the cutter columns, which is close to the rotating direction of the rotating shaft.
As a further improvement of the invention, the diversion crushing and grinding piece is fixed on the inner wall of the rotary drum, is positioned between two adjacent filter holes on the radial section of the rotary drum, and the inner side of the diversion crushing and grinding piece is a grinding intrados which extends to the outlet of one filter hole and respectively guides the biomass and is matched with the grinding of the elastic grinding strip, and the outer side of the diversion crushing and grinding piece is a crushing extrados which extends to the inner side of the outlet of the other filter hole and can crush the biomass coming out of the filter hole and is provided with crushing sharp corners.
As a further improvement of the invention, the filter hole comprises a first hole section near the outer side of the rotary drum and a second hole section at the inner side of the first hole section, wherein the first hole section is inclined from outside to inside to the side deviating from the rotation direction of the rotary drum, and a folding angle is arranged between the second hole section and the first hole section.
As a further improvement of the invention, one end of the rotary drum is provided with a discharge pipe communicated with the inside of the rotary drum, and the outer end of the discharge pipe penetrates out of the crushing bin and is connected with the material receiving box through a fan.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the biomass crushing device has the advantages that the small particle bin is arranged outside the feed hopper, the primary crushing cutter is arranged outside the rotary drum, the secondary crushing grinding piece is arranged inside the rotary drum, large-size biomass which is not crushed is placed into the crushing bin, the primary crushing cutter is used for crushing, small-size biomass which accords with the particle size in the crushing process can be directly screened into the small particle bin, medium-size biomass (which can contain part of small size) can be screened into the rotary drum for secondary crushing and grinding, and large-size biomass still remains in the crushing bin and is subjected to the powerful crushing of the primary crushing cutter, the whole is divided into multiple-level spaces from inside to outside, the biomass with different sizes generated in the crushing process in the crushing bin is synchronously screened into different spaces, and the next refinement treatment is carried out, so that the crushing efficiency of the biomass is greatly improved; the space of the overall layout mode from inside to outside is compact, the crushing area and the number of primary crushing cutters are ensured, the space in the rotary drum for fixing the primary crushing cutters is reasonably utilized, and the structural arrangement is ingenious;
in addition, a plurality of primary crushing cutters that can carry out the multistage breakage to the jumbo size living beings and simultaneously can be with the direction water conservancy diversion of jumbo size living beings to keeping away from the rotary drum center, not only can carry out the multistage breakage to the living beings of jumbo size, improve crushing dynamics and single crushing effect, wholly improve crushing efficiency, in addition, still at the in-process of breaking, can be with broken small-size living beings to keeping away from the rotary drum also be close to the one side direction of small-size storehouse and throw, be convenient for with the living beings direction of small-size to in the small-size storehouse, whole functionality is stronger.
In addition, set up the broken mechanism of milling of second grade in the rotary drum, can cooperate the broken piece of milling of water conservancy diversion to grind the living beings in the rotary drum and beat simultaneously, can also carry out the second grade to the living beings of rotary drum and break, a mechanism multiple function action, the economic nature is stronger, and the broken piece of milling of water conservancy diversion on the rotary drum inner wall, except the broken mechanism of milling of water conservancy diversion that cooperates the living beings in the rotary drum of second grade to beat, can also carry out water conservancy diversion and breakage to the living beings that enter into the rotary drum from the filtration pore, a part realizes multiple functions, compact structure reduces overall cost.
In addition, rotary drum and the broken mechanism of milling of second grade are connected through driving the connecting piece, when driving the connecting piece and can drive the broken mechanism of milling of second grade and rotate, can drive rotary drum counter-rotation, when rotary drum counter-rotation, firstly can drive the primary crushing sword and carry out primary crushing to outside jumbo size living beings, secondly can cooperate with the broken mechanism of milling of second grade, improve the relative rotation rate between the two to improve the broken effect and the efficiency of milling of second grade, in addition, drive the connecting piece except that the second grade mechanism of milling and rotary drum rotation, can also dispel the heat the cooling to the motor, improve the life of motor, a part realizes multiple functions, and is compact in structure, and the economic nature is strong.
2. The mechanism comprises a driving connecting piece, a rotating drum, a rotating wheel, a planetary gear train, a rotating shaft, a rotating ring and a protecting piece, wherein the driving connecting piece is arranged as a sun gear arranged on the rotating shaft, a gear ring arranged between the rotating drum and a crushing bin and a mechanism for connecting the planetary gear arranged between the sun gear and the gear ring; the device drives the rotary drum and the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism to rotate on the basis of utilizing the existing planetary gear train, and the gear ring and the planetary gear in the planetary gear train have various other functions through ingenious structural cooperation, so that the device has a compact structure and is particularly high in economical efficiency.
3. Through setting up the primary crushing sword as the structure of crushing pointed cone, the annular sword of stacking layer upon layer, the water conservancy diversion chamber, the diameter of water conservancy diversion hole increases gradually annular sword, when crushing, the inside of living beings is pierced at first to the similar pointed nail structure of crushing pointed cone, and when penetrating, its sharp conical surface that enlarges gradually is enough to aggravate the breakage of living beings, along with continuing to pierce, the annular sword of stacking layer upon layer can carry out the cutting crushing of transition to living beings, the crushing dynamics is great and single crushing effect is better, and along with the rotation of rotary drum, the primary crushing sword is when constantly crushing, the small-size living beings that it produced during the breakage have a considerable part to flow to the water conservancy diversion intracavity from the sieve mesh, and along with the rotation of primary crushing sword, under centrifugal force effect, outwards water conservancy diversion from the water conservancy diversion hole in the water conservancy diversion chamber to little grain storehouse or with outside living beings bump crushing, a crushing sword can realize multiple functions.
4. Through setting up the secondary crushing mechanism of milling into pivot, broken mill knife to set up broken mill knife into the structure of a plurality of secondary crushing blade on the side of knife post, the elasticity mill strip of knife post tip and knife post, when the pivot rotated, can drive broken mill knife and rotate, when broken mill knife rotated, the elasticity mill strip of its tip was patted and was milled on a plurality of water conservancy diversion broken mill pieces, make the living beings further broken, and simultaneously, the secondary crushing blade on the knife post broken the living beings in the rotary drum at the rotation in-process, a part can realize multiple breakage, has improved work efficiency and crushing effect greatly.
5. Through setting up broken piece of milling of water conservancy diversion into the structure of intrados and broken extrados with broken closed angle, and intrados extends to one of them filtration pore outlet, broken extrados extends to another filtration pore outlet inboard, intrados is to inboard water conservancy diversion living beings in the rotation in-process, and intrados cooperates with elasticity grinds the strip, elasticity grinds the strip and constantly beats and grind intrados in the rotation in-process, do benefit to the breakage of living beings on it, and simultaneously extrados stretches to another filtration pore outlet inboard, can break the medium and small-size living beings that the filtration pore got into on it, and can block the direct flow direction of living beings in the rotary drum to a certain extent to the filtration pore, reduce the reverse flow of filtration pore.
6. Through setting up the filtration pore into the structure of first hole section and second hole section, and first hole section is from outside to one side slope to deviating from rotary drum direction of rotation, when the rotary drum rotates, the living beings of the middle-size (or middle-size or small-size) of the relative rotary drum opposite direction pivoted of being convenient for enter into first hole section, finally flow into the rotary drum inside, and the dog-ear setting between second hole section and the first hole section can avoid also to a certain extent to rotate the living beings in the rotary drum outside flow relatively to the rotary drum opposite direction, avoid the backward flow to a certain extent.
7. Through setting up the discharge tube on the rotary drum, and the broken storehouse is worn out to the discharge tube outer end and connect with receiving the workbin through the fan to after the medium and small-size living beings in the rotary drum are broken completely, can discharge outside through the discharge tube.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 at a drive connection;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3 at B;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view (with the upper cover removed) of FIG. 2 through a radial section of the bowl;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of FIG. 5 at C;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the primary crushing mechanism;
in the figure: 1. crushing bin; 2. a feed hopper; 3. a filter screen; 4. filtering holes; 41. a first bore section; 42. a second bore section; 5. rotating the connecting piece; 51. a fixed rod; 6. a diversion crushing grinding piece; 61. milling the intrados; 62. crushing the outer arc surface; 63. crushing sharp corners; 7. a secondary crushing and grinding mechanism; 71. a rotating shaft; 72. crushing and grinding knife; 721. a knife column; 722. elastic grinding bars; 723. a secondary crushing blade; 8. driving the connecting piece; 81. a sun gear; 82. a gear ring; 83. a planet wheel; 84. a small fan; 9. a primary crushing cutter; 91. a diversion cavity; 92. a deflector aperture; 93. crushing the pointed cone; 94. an annular knife; 95. a sieve pore; 96. a collar; 10. a small grain bin; 11. a rotating drum; 12. a motor; 13. a groove; 14. a discharge tube; 15. a material receiving box; 16. a blower; 17. support legs; 18. opening the door; 19. and (5) an upper cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-7. For the sake of clarity, only the structures related to the invention are shown in the drawings.
For convenience of description, the coordinate system is defined as shown in fig. 1, and the left-right direction is a transverse direction, the front-back direction is a longitudinal direction, and the up-down direction is a vertical direction.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a biomass crushing device. Referring to fig. 1, a biomass crushing device comprises a crushing bin 1, a feed hopper 2 is arranged at the upper part of the crushing bin 1, an openable upper cover 19 is arranged on the feed hopper 2, a filter screen 3 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin 1, a small grain bin 10 is arranged outside the filter screen 3, a door 18 is arranged at the bottom of the small grain bin 10, a plurality of supporting legs 17 are arranged on the crushing bin 1, a rotary drum 11 is connected in the rotary drum 1, one end of the rotary drum 11 is connected in the rotary way to extend out of the rotary drum 11 and the crushing bin 1 and is connected with a motor 12, and a secondary crushing and grinding mechanism 7 capable of crushing and grinding medium-size biomass in the rotary drum 11 is connected with the rotary drum 11 through a driving connecting piece 8 capable of driving the rotary drum 11 to reversely rotate and simultaneously cooling the motor 12, the circumference outside of the rotary drum 11 is rotationally connected with a plurality of primary crushing cutters 9 which can crush large-size biomass in multiple stages and simultaneously guide small-size biomass in a direction far away from the center of the rotary drum 11 through a rotation connecting piece 5, the rotary drum 11 is provided with a plurality of filter holes 4 which can enable medium-size biomass to penetrate into the rotary drum 11, as shown in figure 6, the filter holes 4 on the rotary drum 11 comprise a first hole section 41 close to the outside of the rotary drum 11 and a second hole section 42 positioned at the inner side of the first hole section 41, the first hole section 41 is inclined from outside to inside to the side far away from the rotation direction of the rotary drum 11, a folding angle is arranged between the second hole section 42 and the first hole section 41, when the rotary drum 11 rotates, medium-size (or medium-small-size) biomass which is convenient to rotate in the opposite direction of the rotary drum 11 enters into the first hole section 41 and finally flows into the rotary drum 11, and the provision of the angle between the second hole section 42 and the first hole section 41 prevents the biomass in the drum 11 from flowing outward to some extent. In actual practice, biomass outside the drum 11 typically flows into the drum 11 from the filter openings 4 in the upper half of the circumference of the drum 11. The inner wall of the rotary drum 11 is provided with a diversion crushing grinding piece 6 which can conduct diversion and crushing on biomass entering from the filter holes 4 and is matched with the secondary crushing grinding mechanism 7 in a grinding way; as shown in fig. 1, one end of the rotary drum 11 is provided with a discharge pipe 14 communicated with the inside of the rotary drum 11, a screen can be arranged on the rotary drum 11 at a position communicated with the discharge pipe 14, and the outer end of the discharge pipe 14 penetrates out of the crushing bin 1 and is connected with a material receiving box 15 through a fan 16, so that after the medium-small biomass in the rotary drum 11 is completely crushed, the medium-small biomass can be discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 14. The specific structure of each component described above can be described with reference to the following description.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the driving connection piece 8 is disposed between the drum 11 and the crushing bin 1, and includes a sun gear 81 fixedly disposed at two ends of the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism 7, a gear ring 82 with internal teeth is fixedly disposed on an end surface of the drum 11, and the other end surface of the gear ring 82 is rotationally connected with the crushing bin 1, and an inner side of the gear ring 82 is engaged with the sun gear 81 through three planetary gears 83 rotationally disposed on the crushing bin 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an axle of one of the planetary gears 83 near one side of the motor 12 penetrates out of the crushing bin 1 and is sleeved with a plurality of small fans 84 thereon, and the small fans 84 are located above the motor 12; through the arrangement, by utilizing the principle of the planetary gear 83 system, when the motor 12 drives the rotating shaft 71 to rotate, the sun gear 81 on the rotating shaft 71 is driven to rotate, and in the process of rotating the sun gear 81, the planetary gear 83 drives the external gear ring 82 to rotate, so that the rotating drum 11 connected with the gear ring 82 is driven to reversely rotate, one mechanism can drive two parts to reversely rotate, and on the basis, one end of the planetary gear 83 extends out of the crushing bin 1 except for driving the gear ring 82 to rotate, the fan on the planetary gear 83 can be driven to rotate through the rotation of the planetary gear 83, so that the motor 12 can be cooled and radiated, and the gear ring 82 is used as a rotating connection support piece except for driving the rotating drum 11 to rotate through the driving transmission of the planetary gear 83 system, is connected between the rotating drum 11 and the crushing bin 1, so that the rotating drum 11 is rotatably arranged on the crushing bin 1, and in addition, the gear ring gear 82 is connected between the rotating drum 11 and the crushing bin 1, the biomass in the crushing bin 1 can be prevented from entering the inside the crushing bin 82 to influence the gear ring gear or the teeth of the planetary gear 83 and the sun gear 81, so that meshing is avoided; the device drives the rotary drum 11 and the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism 7 to rotate on the basis of utilizing the existing planetary gear 83 system, and the gear ring 82 and the planetary gear 83 in the planetary gear 83 system have various other functions through ingenious structural cooperation, so that the device is compact in structure and particularly high in economical efficiency.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the primary crushing blade 9 includes a circular flow guiding cavity 91 rotationally connected with the drum 11, a plurality of flow guiding holes 92 are formed in a circumferential surface of one side of the flow guiding cavity 91 far away from the drum 11, a conical crushing table is arranged on an end surface of the flow guiding cavity 91 along the rotation direction of the drum 11, the conical crushing table includes a crushing pointed cone 93 at the top and a plurality of annular blades 94 with gradually increased diameters stacked layer by layer below the crushing pointed cone 93, a plurality of sieve holes 95 which are communicated with the flow guiding cavity 91 and can enable small-size biomass to flow in are formed in the blade surface of each annular blade 94, during crushing, the crushing pointed cone 93 is similar to a pointed nail structure, and the gradually enlarged pointed cone surface can be used for cutting and crushing the biomass layer by layer while the conical cone is penetrated, the annular blades 94 are continuously penetrated, the crushing strength is large and the single crushing effect is good, and along with the rotation of the drum 11, the primary crushing blade 9 continuously crushes a part of the biomass with a small size generated during crushing and has a quite small size to flow from the flow guiding hole 95 to the inside of the flow guiding cavity 91 along with the rotation of the drum 11, and the small-size biomass can collide with the sieve holes to the inside of the primary crushing blade 91 or the primary crushing blade 10, and the small-size biomass can be thrown into the primary crushing cavity 10 along with the sieve holes.
The rotary connecting piece 5 for connecting the primary crushing blade 9, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, comprises a plurality of fixing rods 51 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 11, wherein the axial direction of the fixing rods 51 is parallel to the axial direction of the rotary drum 11, two ends of each fixing rod 51 are fixed on end plates of the rotary drum 11, each fixing rod 51 is sleeved with a plurality of primary crushing blades 9 capable of rotating thereon, namely, one side of the primary crushing blade 9 far away from the flow guide hole 92 is provided with a sleeve ring 96, the primary crushing blade 9 is rotatably sleeved on the fixing rod 51, and in order to prevent the primary crushing blade 9 from sliding on the fixing rod 51 at random, fixing limiting plates (not shown in the drawing) can be arranged on the fixing rod 51 on the left side and the right side of the sleeve ring 96 of the primary crushing blade 9, and semicircular grooves 13 can be formed in the rotary drum 11 at each position where the fixing rod 51 is arranged.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the cross section of the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism 7 is in a shape of a wind wheel, and comprises a rotating shaft 71 and a plurality of crushing and grinding blades 72 arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft 71, wherein the rotating shaft 71 passes through the crushing bin 1 to be connected with a motor 12, the crushing and grinding blades 72 comprise arc-shaped blades 721 connected with the rotating drum 11 and elastic grinding bars 722 arranged at the end parts of the blades 721 and matched with the diversion crushing and grinding members 6, the elastic grinding bars 722 can adopt wear-resistant rubber bars or steel bars, and a plurality of secondary crushing blades 723 are arranged on one side surface of the blades 721 close to the rotating direction of the rotating shaft 71; when the rotating shaft 71 is driven by the motor 12 to rotate, the crushing grinding blade 72 can be driven to rotate, when the crushing grinding blade 72 rotates, the elastic grinding strip 722 at the end part of the crushing grinding blade is used for beating and grinding on the plurality of diversion crushing grinding pieces 6, so that biomass is further crushed, meanwhile, the secondary crushing blades 723 on the cutter column 721 crush the biomass in the rotating drum 11 in the rotating process, and multiple crushing can be realized by one component, so that the working efficiency and the crushing effect are greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 6, the flow-guiding crushing and grinding member 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the drum 11, and is located between two adjacent filter holes 4 on the radial section of the drum 11, wherein the inner side is a grinding intrados 61 extending to the outlet of one filter hole 4 and respectively guiding the biomass and grinding the biomass with the elastic grinding strip 722, and the outer side is a crushing extrados 62 extending to the inner side of the outlet of the other filter hole 4 and provided with a crushing sharp corner 63 for crushing the biomass coming out of the filter hole 4. Through the arrangement, the biomass is guided to the inner side in the rotation process by the inner cambered surface, the inner cambered surface is matched with the elastic grinding strip 722, the elastic grinding strip 722 continuously beats and grinds the inner cambered surface 61 in the rotation process, the biomass on the elastic grinding strip is broken, meanwhile, the outer cambered surface stretches to the inner side of the outlet of the other filter hole 4, the medium-sized and small-sized biomass which falls onto the filter hole 4 can be broken, the biomass in the rotary drum 11 can be blocked to a certain extent to directly flow to the filter hole 4, and the reverse flow of the filter hole 4 is reduced. In addition, during implementation, even if part of biomass in the rotary drum 11 has certain reverse flow, the whole implementation effect is not affected, the biomass flowing into the rotary drum 11 is subjected to secondary crushing in the rotary drum 11, and then has certain reverse flow, the crushing efficiency can be improved wholly, the occupied time outside the rotary drum 11 is reduced wholly, and the large-size biomass is crushed more fully.
The implementation process and principle of the embodiment are as follows: placing large-size biomass into the crushing bin 1 through the feed hopper 2, covering the upper cover 19, then starting the motor 12, driving the rotating shaft 71 to start rotating (anticlockwise shown in fig. 5) by the motor 12, driving the rotating drum 11 to rotate reversely through the sun gear 81 on the rotating shaft 71 and the planet gear 83 and the gear ring 82 respectively in the rotating process of the rotating shaft 71, driving the primary crushing cutter 9 on the rotating shaft to rotate in the reverse rotating process of the rotating drum 11 (clockwise shown in fig. 5), carrying out multi-level crushing on the large-size biomass by the primary crushing cutter 9 in the rotating process, continuously carrying out temporary storage on a part of the small-size biomass which meets the requirements through the filter screen 3, and flowing out from the door 18 at the lower part of the small-size bin 10, and a part of the small-size biomass in the flow guiding cavity 91 enters into the flow guiding cavity 91 from the sieve holes 95 in the rotating process, and carrying out centrifugal force to approach or flow into the small-size bin 10 under the action of the continuous rotation of the primary crushing cutter 9, so that the small-size biomass is screened; meanwhile, during the crushing process, the generated biomass with a medium size (including a part of small size) smaller than the size of the filter holes 4 flows into the drum 11 through the filter holes 4, and after the biomass flows out of the cutter drum 11 from the filter holes 4, the biomass with a small size meeting the requirement finally flows out of the discharge pipe 14 through the crushing of sharp corners on the diversion crushing and grinding piece 6, the beating grinding of the elastic grinding bars 722 and the diversion crushing and grinding piece 6 and the crushing of the secondary crushing blades 723. While the large-sized biomass left in the crushing silo 1 continues to be crushed by the primary crushing blade 9 until it is sieved into the small-grain silo 10 or the drum 11 until all crushing is completed.
The technical effects of this embodiment are: the small particle bin 10 is arranged outside the feed hopper 2, the primary crushing cutter 9 is arranged outside the rotary drum 11, the secondary crushing grinding piece is arranged inside the rotary drum 11, large-size biomass which is not crushed is placed into the crushing bin 1, the primary crushing cutter 9 is used for crushing, the small-size biomass which is in accordance with the particle size in the crushing process can be directly screened into the small particle bin 10, the medium-size biomass (which can contain part of the small size) can be screened into the rotary drum 11 for secondary crushing and grinding, and the large-size biomass still remains in the crushing bin 1 for large-force crushing of the primary crushing cutter 9, is integrally divided into multiple layers of spaces from inside to outside, and biomass with different sizes generated in the crushing process in the crushing bin 1 is synchronously screened into different spaces for further refining treatment, so that the crushing efficiency of the biomass is greatly improved; the space of the overall layout mode from inside to outside is compact, the crushing area and the number of primary crushing cutters 9 are ensured, the space in the rotary drum 11 for fixing the primary crushing cutters 9 is reasonably utilized, and the structural arrangement is ingenious;
in addition, a plurality of primary crushing cutters 9 that can carry out the multistage breakage to the jumbo size living beings and simultaneously can be with the small-size living beings to the direction water conservancy diversion of keeping away from drum 11 center outside, not only can carry out the multistage breakage to the living beings of jumbo size, improve crushing dynamics and single crushing effect, wholly improve crushing efficiency, in addition, still in broken in-process, can be with the small-size living beings of breakage to keeping away from drum 11 also be close to the one side direction whipping of small-size storehouse 10, be convenient for with the living beings of small-size direction to in the small-size storehouse 10, whole functionality is stronger.
In addition, set up the broken mechanism 7 that mills of second grade in the rotary drum 11, can cooperate the broken piece 6 that mills of water conservancy diversion to grind the living beings in the rotary drum 11 and beat simultaneously, can also carry out the second grade to the living beings of rotary drum 11 and break, a mechanism multiple function action, the economic nature is stronger, and the broken piece 6 that mills of water conservancy diversion on the rotary drum 11 inner wall, except the broken mechanism 7 that mills of water conservancy diversion to the living beings in the rotary drum 11 that cooperates the broken mechanism 7 of second grade to beat, can also carry out water conservancy diversion and breakage to the living beings that advances in the rotary drum 11 from the filtration pore 4, a part realizes multiple functions, compact structure reduces overall cost.
In addition, rotary drum 11 and second grade breakage mechanism of milling 7 are connected through driving connecting piece 8, when driving connecting piece 8 can drive second grade breakage mechanism of milling 7 and rotate, can drive rotary drum 11 counter-rotation, when rotary drum 11 counter-rotation, firstly can drive primary broken sword 9 and carry out primary breakage to outside jumbo size living beings, secondly can cooperate with second grade breakage mechanism of milling 7, improve the relative rotation speed between the two, thereby improve second grade breakage effect and efficiency of milling, in addition, drive connecting piece 8 except that drive second grade mechanism of milling and rotary drum 11 rotation, can also dispel the heat the cooling to motor 12, improve motor 12's life, a part realizes multiple functions, moreover, the steam generator is compact in structure, and economical efficiency is strong.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented for purposes of understanding only and is not intended to limit the invention to all other embodiments that may be obtained by one skilled in the art without making any inventive effort.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a living beings breaker, includes broken storehouse, and the feeder hopper is established on broken storehouse upper portion, its characterized in that: the bottom of the crushing bin is provided with a filter screen, the outside of the filter screen is provided with a small particle bin, the crushing bin is rotationally connected with a rotary drum, one end of the rotary drum is rotationally connected with a secondary crushing and grinding mechanism which is connected with a motor and can crush and grind medium-size biomass in the rotary drum, the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism is connected with the rotary drum through a driving connecting piece which can drive the rotary drum to reversely rotate and can simultaneously cool the motor, the circumference outside of the rotary drum is rotationally connected with a plurality of primary crushing cutters which can crush large-size biomass in a multi-level manner and can simultaneously guide the small-size biomass in a direction far away from the center of the rotary drum through a rotating connecting piece, the rotary drum is provided with a plurality of filtering holes which can enable the medium-size biomass to penetrate into the rotary drum, and a guide crushing grinding piece which can guide and crush the biomass entering from the filtering holes and is matched with the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism is arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum; the primary crushing cutter comprises a circular flow guide cavity rotationally connected with the rotary drum, a plurality of flow guide holes are formed in the circumferential surface of one side, far away from the rotary drum, of the flow guide cavity, a conical crushing table is arranged on the end face of one end of the flow guide cavity along the rotary direction of the rotary drum, the conical crushing table comprises a crushing pointed cone at the top and a plurality of annular cutters with gradually increased stacked diameters below the crushing pointed cone, and a plurality of sieve holes communicated with the flow guide cavity and capable of enabling small-size biomass to flow in are formed in the cutter surface of each annular cutter.
2. A biomass crushing device according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model provides a drive connecting piece setting between rotary drum and broken storehouse, including the fixed sun gear that sets up in two-stage crushing grinding mechanism both ends, the terminal surface of rotary drum on fixedly be provided with the ring gear that has the internal tooth, and the other terminal surface of ring gear rotates with broken storehouse to be connected, the ring gear inboard through three planet wheel and sun gear meshing that rotate to set up on broken storehouse be connected, and the shaft of one of them planet wheel that is close to motor one side wears out broken storehouse and overlaps above that and is equipped with a plurality of little fans, little fan be in the top of motor.
3. A biomass crushing device according to claim 1, wherein: the rotary connecting piece comprises a plurality of fixing rods uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotary drum, the axial direction of the fixing rods is parallel to the axial direction of the rotary drum, two ends of each fixing rod are fixed on end plates of the rotary drum, and each fixing rod is sleeved with a plurality of primary crushing cutters capable of rotating on the fixing rods.
4. A biomass breaking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rotary drum is provided with semicircular grooves at each position where the fixing rod is arranged.
5. A biomass crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: one side of the primary crushing knife, which is far away from the diversion hole, is provided with a lantern ring, and the primary crushing knife is rotatably sleeved on the fixed rod.
6. A biomass crushing plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the section shape of the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism is a wind-fire wheel shape, the secondary crushing and grinding mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of crushing and grinding blades arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft penetrates through a crushing bin to be connected with a motor, the crushing and grinding blades comprise an arc-shaped cutter column connected with the rotating drum and an elastic grinding strip arranged at the end part of the cutter column and matched with a flow guiding crushing and grinding part, and a plurality of secondary crushing blades are arranged on one side surface of the cutter column close to the rotating direction of the rotating shaft.
7. A biomass breaking device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the flow guiding crushing grinding piece is fixed on the inner wall of the rotary drum, is positioned between two adjacent filter holes on the radial section of the rotary drum, the inner side of the flow guiding crushing grinding piece is a grinding intrados which extends to the outlet of one filter hole and respectively guides biomass and is matched with the elastic grinding strip, and the outer side of the flow guiding crushing grinding piece is a crushing extrados which extends to the inner side of the outlet of the other filter hole and can crush biomass coming out of the filter hole and is provided with a crushing sharp corner.
8. A biomass crushing plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the filter hole comprises a first hole section close to the outer side of the rotary drum and a second hole section positioned on the inner side of the first hole section, wherein the first hole section inclines from outside to inside to one side deviating from the rotation direction of the rotary drum, and a folding angle is arranged between the second hole section and the first hole section.
9. A biomass crushing plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: one end of the rotary drum is provided with a discharge pipe communicated with the inside of the rotary drum, and the outer end of the discharge pipe penetrates out of the crushing bin and is connected with the material receiving box through a fan.
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