CN116402247A - Intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things, which relates to the technical field of building management and solves the problems of intelligent building digital management, wherein a data acquisition module is used for acquiring data inside and outside a building by adopting the Internet of things technology, a data indexing sub-module is used for storing and indexing intelligent building data by adopting metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query methods, an environment optimization system and an energy optimization system are used for realizing the optimal control of the temperature and illumination of the inside and outside the building, the air quality in the building, the operation maintenance cost, the starting cost of a controllable unit, the interaction rate cost with a power grid and the environmental protection cost by adopting an EMS optimization method, and a data comparison regulation sub-module is used for improving the operation rate by adopting an improved RSYNC algorithm, reducing the workload of manual data management, improving the data management efficiency and the safety, automatically saving the energy consumption of the building and reducing the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building management, in particular to an intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and the Internet of things.
Background
At present, the economic level is developed at a high speed, the requirements of people on life and work are increasingly improved, huge data volume makes the management become complicated, the traditional intelligent building digital management system has excessively slow data operation and low data management safety, the workload and the working complexity of management personnel are inevitably increased, potential safety hazards can occur when management is not timely, meanwhile, the proportion of the total social energy consumption of the large building is also continuously increased, the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the building are increasingly focused by people, the intelligent building digital management capability is gradually difficult to meet the development requirements of the prior art, the intelligent building digital management system is realized by adopting a statistical analysis method in the prior art, and the method improves the intelligent building digital management capability to a certain extent, but has lag data analysis capability, is difficult to realize the intelligent building digital analysis capability and application capability, so the intelligent building digital management capability is lag.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention discloses an intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things, which is used for collecting data inside and outside a building by adopting the Internet of things technology through a data acquisition module, storing and indexing intelligent building data by adopting metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query methods through a data indexing sub-module, realizing the optimal control of the temperature of the environment inside and outside the building, the illumination inside and outside the building and the air quality inside the building through an environment optimization system by adopting an EMS (enhanced message service) daily optimization method, improving the operation rate through a data comparison regulation sub-module by adopting an improved RSYNC algorithm, reducing the workload of manual data management, and improving the data management efficiency and safety.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, a management module and a display module;
the data acquisition module is used for collecting environmental temperature information inside and outside a building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information inside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information inside the building, smoke sensor working state information inside the building, electric power system working state information inside the building, drainage system working state information inside the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information, heat energy storage equipment information, energy consumption unit energy demand quantization information, user alarm information, fireproof door state information, people flow information, management personnel working state information or building inside and outside BIM data acquisition information;
the data transmission module is used for realizing the safe data transmission among the scattered nodes;
the data processing module is used for constructing a BIM model, comparing the building indoor environment parameters with a mathematical model of building energy consumption, and automatically changing the indoor environment parameters to realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of a building system;
The management module is used for notifying corresponding staff according to the user alarm information and the equipment fault alarm information, planning a route, sending a command and managing the people stream dense places;
the display module comprises a user display system and a background display system, wherein the user display system is used for displaying a BIM (building information modeling) inside and outside a building, environmental temperature information inside and outside the building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information in the building, equipment disabling alarm information and user alarm information, 3D navigation inside and outside the building is carried out on a user, and the background display system is used for displaying the BIM inside and outside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information in the building, smoke sensor working state information in the building, user alarm information, electric power system working state information in the building, drainage system working state information in the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information and thermal energy storage equipment information, and a manager timely discovers faults and accurately positions the faults;
the output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the communication module, the output end of the communication module is connected with the input end of the data processing module, and the output end of the data processing module is connected with the input end of the management module and the input end of the display module. The data acquisition module is used for collecting environmental temperature information inside and outside a building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information inside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information inside the building, smoke sensor working state information inside the building, electric power system working state information inside the building, drainage system working state information inside the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information, heat energy storage equipment information, energy consumption unit energy demand quantization information, user alarm information, fireproof door state information, people flow information, management personnel working state information or building inside and outside BIM data acquisition information;
The data transmission module is used for realizing the safe data transmission among the scattered nodes;
the data processing module is used for constructing a BIM model, comparing the building indoor environment parameters with a mathematical model of building energy consumption, and automatically changing the indoor environment parameters to realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of a building system;
the management module is used for notifying corresponding staff according to the user alarm information and the equipment fault alarm information, planning a route, sending a command and managing the people stream dense places;
the display module comprises a user display system and a background display system, wherein the user display system is used for displaying a BIM (building information modeling) inside and outside a building, environmental temperature information inside and outside the building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information in the building, equipment disabling alarm information and user alarm information, 3D navigation inside and outside the building is carried out on a user, and the background display system is used for displaying the BIM inside and outside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information in the building, smoke sensor working state information in the building, user alarm information, electric power system working state information in the building, drainage system working state information in the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information and thermal energy storage equipment information, and a manager timely discovers faults and accurately positions the faults;
The output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the communication module, the output end of the communication module is connected with the input end of the data processing module, and the output end of the data processing module is connected with the input end of the management module and the input end of the display module.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition module is divided into a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer based on the internet of things technology, the sensing layer comprises a data acquisition sub-module, the data acquisition sub-module comprises a radio frequency automatic identifier, a laser scanner, a communication state monitoring system, a security monitoring system, an elevator operation monitoring system, a building structure deformation sensor, a power state monitoring system, a drainage state monitoring system, an electric energy storage device monitoring system, a fireproof door state monitoring unit, a thermal energy storage device monitoring system, a user alarm information monitoring system, an air quality sensor, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, the transmission layer comprises an access layer, a convergence layer and a core exchange layer, the transmission layer is connected with the sensing layer, the sensing layer is connected with the application layer, and the transmission layer is connected with the application layer.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data transmission module adopts chaotic secret communication, and the fractional order chaotic system formula using the transmission node as the driving system is as follows:
In the formula (1), n is a receiving node, x 1i (t) is sampling data, and equations of n different fractional order chaotic systems serving as response systems are as follows:
in the formula (2), Δg ji As an uncertainty factor, d ji For external disturbance, a pair of data security transmission models is obtained by the formula (2):
in the formula (3), m (t) is the transmission requirementC (t) is the encrypted data,
for the encrypted and decrypted data, ψ is an encryption rule, and ++>
Is a decryption rule.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data processing module includes a data indexing sub-module and a data comparison regulation sub-module, the data indexing sub-module is used for tracking a global data index of a data distribution state, the data comparison regulation sub-module includes an environment optimization system, an energy optimization system and a regulation system, the environment optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing indoor illuminance, indoor temperature and indoor pollutant concentration, the energy optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing electric energy storage and thermal energy storage, the regulation system is used for managing personnel number in a building, the personnel number load and alarm information of a user need to be matched, and the data indexing sub-module is connected with the data comparison regulation sub-module.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data indexing sub-module employs a method of metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query, where the metadata includes entity detection information and server information, the entity detection information includes a unique identifier, a category and a name of an entity, the server information includes an ID of a server, an IP address, and a local storage location of a file defining a data requirement of the server, the batch processing is used to send and process index data in a multi-set form, and the parallel query is used to batch add, delete and modify databases for multiple threads.
As a further embodiment of the invention, the environment optimization system adopts an EMS (energy management system) intra-day optimization method, an energy plus and a YALMIP solver, and an indoor illuminance power mathematical relation model formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), E is indoor illuminance, P E For indoor illumination power, phi is the light flux of a light source, U is the utilization coefficient of the light source, M is the maintenance coefficient of the light source, A is the area of an illuminated room, the utilization coefficient and the maintenance coefficient of the light source are set to 0.8, and the room equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance formula is:
in the formula (5), R wall Is equivalent heat conduction and resistance of the wall, R xindow The formula of the equivalent thermal resistance is as follows:
R＝l/(k·s) (6)
In the formula (6), R is equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance, l is the thickness of the material, k is the heat conductivity of the material, s is the contact surface area of the material and a conductive medium, and the mathematical model formula of the air conditioning system is as follows:
in the formula (7), T room (T) the indoor temperature at the end of the T period, T out (t) the outdoor temperature at the end of the t period, R eq Is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room, M air C is the indoor air quality p Q (t) is heat transferred from the indoor by the air conditioning system in the period of t and is specific heat of air, and co is used in the indoor 2 The mathematical relationship between the concentration and the fresh air volume is as follows:
in the formula (8), N (t) is indoor co at the end of the period t 2 Concentration value, N (t-1) is indoor co at the end of t-1 period 2 Concentration value, L is fresh air quantity, N w For co in the outdoor air 2 The concentration of the water in the water is higher,
is indoor co 2 The generation rate of the new air quantity is as follows:
R＝ρ×L×(h w -h n ) (9)
in the formula (9), R is fresh air cooling load, ρ is air density, h w Is the enthalpy value of the outdoor air, h n The indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value formula is as follows:
in the formula (10), d (T) is the moisture content in the air in the period T, T (T) is the temperature value at the moment T, h (T) is the indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value, and the economic cost expression in the period k is as follows:
minC(k)＝C F (k)+C OM (t)+C SC (t)+C EX (t)+C EN (t) (11)
in the formula (11), C (k) is the economic cost of the kth time period, C F (k) For fuel cost of k time periods, C OM (k) Maintenance cost for illumination operation, C SC (k) C for starting and stopping cost of the illumination controllable unit EX (k) For cost of illumination and grid interaction power, C EN (k) For the illumination environmental protection cost, the illumination comfort expression of the kth time period is:
in the formula (12), D 1 (k) For illumination comfort in the kth time period, E SET For the indoor standard illuminance, E (k) is the indoor illuminance value for the kth time period, and the temperature comfort level expression for the kth time period is:
in the formula (13), D 2 (k) For the temperature comfort of the kth time period, T SET Is the indoor standard temperature, T room (k) For the indoor temperature value of the kth period, the air quality comfort level expression of the kth period is:
in the formula (14), D 3 (k) For air quality comfort in the kth time period, N SET Is indoor standard CO 2 Concentration, N (k) is the indoor CO of the kth time period 2 The concentration value, the integrated environmental comfort expression is:
D(k)＝αD 1 (k)+βD 2 (k)+γD 3 (k) (15)
in the formula (15), D (k) is the environmental comfort level of the kth time period, and α, β, and γ are weights between comfort levels, and the optimization process is:
step one, obtaining a parameter measured value of a day to be optimized;
step two, running energy plus, taking 10min as a control period, and directly controlling the load;
generating indoor environment parameter values and corresponding load values in each period, and obtaining BIPV power output through simulation;
And step four, optimizing the power output of each controllable power supply by using YALMIP according to the optimization target and the constraint condition.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the energy optimization system adopts an EMS day-ahead optimization method, and the objective function is:
in the formula (16), C is the economic cost in the optimization period, C F (t) fuel cost for t period, C OM (t) is the operation and maintenance cost of the heat storage device, C SC (t) is the start-stop cost of a controllable unit of the heat storage device, C EX (t) is the cost of the interaction power of the heat storage device and the power grid, C EN (t) is the environmental protection cost of heat storage device, and the relation between fuel cost and output power is:
in the formula (17), N is the optimized time period number, M is the energy supply unit number and P i (t) output power of the ith energy supply unit in t period, C fi For the fuel cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, the mathematical relationship between the starting cost of the controllable unit and the starting and stopping states of the controllable unit is as follows:
in the formula (18), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
to show the starting cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, U i (t) is the start-stop state of the controllable unit i, and the mathematical relation of the electricity purchasing cost is as follows:
in the formula (19), C b (t) is the electricity purchasing price in the period of t, C s (t) is the electricity price of electricity selling in the period of t, and the environment-friendly cost expression is:
in the formula (20), i is the ith energy supply unit, j is the jth pollutant, alpha j Is the conversion coefficient of the j-th pollutant, beta i，j Unit emission factor, P, of the jth pollutant generated for the ith power supply i And (t) is the output power of the ith power supply in the t period.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the data comparison regulation sub-module adopts an improved RSYNC algorithm, and the data string of the building information to be synchronized, which is input first, is:
S＝(a 1 ，a 2 ，…，a m ) (21)
in the formula (21), a is a building data string in the system, m is a data string serial number, and the polynomial of the finite field is:
S(t)＝a 1 t m-1 +a 2 t m-2 +…+a m (22)
in formula (22), t m For finite field length, then the concatenation of the data string according to the exclusive OR of equation (22) and the polynomial is:
R(con(S 1 ，S 2 ))＝S 1 (t)*t l +S 2 (mod(P(t))) (23)
in the formula (23), R represents fingerprint data of the synchronous data, con is cascade of data strings, t l Expanding the bit number for the data string, wherein P (t) is an irreducible polynomial in a custom domain, and then obtaining a byte stream of building information data based on a content blocking method based on lightweight differential synchronization is as follows:
T＝(B 1 ，B 2 ，…，B N ) (24)
in the formula (24), B is a byte stream of building information data, and fingerprint data of the synchronization data in the sliding window is:
R(c 1 )＝b 1 *t m +b 1(1) *t m-1 +…+b n (25)
in the formula (25), c 1 Sliding Window for content chunking, b n For bit arrangement of byte stream, n represents bit arrangement sequence number, then the floating of data block length is reduced by limiting the size of data block, and probability distribution formula of data block is:
In the formula (26), X is the length of a data block, F (X) is a limiting point of content blocking, m represents the maximum length of the data block, the extreme value of the size range of the fixed data block according to the formula (26) is used as a blocking point to reduce the floating of the block length, the metadata overhead caused by the expected small block length is compensated, the single synchronization time is prolonged when the data blocks are combined and collide, and the probability formula of collision is as follows:
in the formula (27), u is the number of modified data blocks, c m For the probability of collision of different numbers of blocks, n represents the total number of the combined blocks, and then the length of metadata of each block is controlled, wherein the length formula of the metadata is as follows:
M dsy ＝4p+(n+m+16)pq+(4n+5)(Γp) (28)
in the formula (28), pq represents the length of the finger print data in the system, Γp represents the overhead of the building information metadata, and p represents the overhead of the difference block.
As a further embodiment of the present invention, the management module includes a control module, a server, and a manager receiving end, where a transmission port of the control module is connected to a transmission port of the server and the manager receiving end, the control module includes a control center and a data integration module, where the control center is configured to receive alarm information, receive a planned route, and send command signals, and the data integration module is configured to execute the time information, and dynamically schedule a category and a number of managers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial positive effects that:
according to the invention, the data index submodule is used for intelligent building data storage and index by adopting metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query methods, an environment optimization system is used for realizing the optimal control of the internal and external environment temperature, the internal and external illumination and the internal air quality of a building by adopting an EMS (energy management system) daily optimization method, an energy storage cost, an operation maintenance cost, a controllable unit starting cost, a power grid interaction rate cost and an environment-friendly conversion cost are realized by adopting an EMS daily optimization method, the operation rate is improved by adopting an improved RSYNC algorithm through a data comparison regulation submodule, the workload of manual data management is reduced, the data management efficiency and safety are improved, the energy consumption of the building can be automatically saved, and the cost is reduced.
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For a clearer description of embodiments of the invention or of solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained, without inventive faculty, by a person skilled in the art from these drawings:
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things of the invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an EMS day-ahead optimization method and an EMS day-in optimization method.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the disclosure. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
1-2, the intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, a management module and a display module;
the data acquisition module is used for collecting environmental temperature information inside and outside a building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information inside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information inside the building, smoke sensor working state information inside the building, electric power system working state information inside the building, drainage system working state information inside the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information, heat energy storage equipment information, energy consumption unit energy demand quantization information, user alarm information, fireproof door state information, people flow information, management personnel working state information or building inside and outside BIM data acquisition information;
The data transmission module is used for realizing the safe data transmission among the scattered nodes;
the data processing module is used for constructing a BIM model, comparing the building indoor environment parameters with a mathematical model of building energy consumption, and automatically changing the indoor environment parameters to realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of a building system;
the management module is used for notifying corresponding staff according to the user alarm information and the equipment fault alarm information, planning a route, sending a command and managing the people stream dense places;
the display module comprises a user display system and a background display system, wherein the user display system is used for displaying a BIM (building information modeling) inside and outside a building, environmental temperature information inside and outside the building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information in the building, equipment disabling alarm information and user alarm information, 3D navigation inside and outside the building is carried out on a user, and the background display system is used for displaying the BIM inside and outside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information in the building, smoke sensor working state information in the building, user alarm information, electric power system working state information in the building, drainage system working state information in the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information and thermal energy storage equipment information, and a manager timely discovers faults and accurately positions the faults;
The output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the communication module, the output end of the communication module is connected with the input end of the data processing module, and the output end of the data processing module is connected with the input end of the management module and the input end of the display module.
Further, the data acquisition module is divided into a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer based on the internet of things technology, the sensing layer comprises a data acquisition sub-module, the data acquisition sub-module comprises a radio frequency automatic identifier, a laser scanner, a communication state monitoring system, a security monitoring system, an elevator operation monitoring system, a building structure deformation sensor, an electric power state monitoring system, a drainage state monitoring system, an electric energy storage device monitoring system, a fireproof door state monitoring unit, a thermal energy storage device monitoring system, a user alarm information monitoring system, an air quality sensor, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, the transmission layer comprises an access layer, a convergence layer and a core exchange layer, the transmission layer is connected with the sensing layer, the sensing layer is connected with the application layer, the transmission layer is connected with the application layer, and the working principle of the data acquisition unit is as follows: the client converts various data on the network and various information received from the sensors into digital signals through the data acquisition instrument and stores the digital signals in the basic support database.
Further, the data transmission module adopts a cross development mode and comprises an RKtool driver, an android tool and a serial port terminal HyperTerminal, wherein the RKtool driver is identified as TYPE-C equipment through an RK3399 chip and is used for debugging and testing the data transmission module.
Further, the chaotic compressed sensing OFDM-PON encryption algorithm adopts a chaotic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) expansion code technology, and the implementation mode of the chaotic DNA expansion code technology encryption is as follows:
performing DNA extension coding on downlink and received uplink streams to be transmitted by using a DNA extension rule, and respectively using a first chaotic sequence and a second chaotic sequence to control coding rules of the downlink and the uplink streams;
step two, generating a third chaotic sequence for selecting a DNA spreading code algorithm;
step three, encrypting the downlink signal through the uplink signal and a chaotic DNA spread code algorithm, and converting the DNA spread code into a bit stream;
the implementation mode of the chaotic DNA spread code technology decryption is as follows:
step one, converting the obtained encrypted binary stream into a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) spreading code by fixing a DNA spreading code conversion standard;
loading a sequence sent by the ONU to the OLT, decrypting the sequence, and completing recovery of the DNA spreading code of the sequence by using a second chaotic sequence;
Step three, a third chaotic sequence is obtained, and the second chaotic sequence is used for completing recovery of the DNA spreading code of the sequence;
and step four, decrypting the obtained downlink data encrypted by the DNA spreading code by using the first chaotic sequence to finish the chaotic DNA spreading code decryption operation.
Further, the data processing module comprises a data index sub-module and a data comparison regulation sub-module, the data index sub-module is used for tracking global data indexes of data distribution states, the data comparison regulation sub-module comprises an environment optimization system, an energy optimization system and a regulation and control system, the environment optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing indoor illuminance, indoor temperature and indoor pollutant concentration, the energy optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing electric energy storage and thermal energy storage, the regulation and control system is used for managing personnel numbers, which are needed to be matched, of the number of people in a building and alarm information of users, and the data index sub-module is connected with the data comparison regulation and control sub-module.
Further, the data indexing sub-module adopts a method of metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query, wherein the metadata comprises entity detection information and server information, the entity detection information comprises unique identification, category and name of an entity, the implementation mode of metadata storage is one-to-many association and many-to-many association, the server information comprises an ID (identity) of a server, an IP (Internet protocol) address and a local storage position of a file defining the data requirement of the server, the batch processing is used for sending and processing index data in a multi-set form, the parallel query is used for adding, deleting and changing a database in batches by a plurality of threads, and the data index is established and queried in the following modes:
Step one, building a global data index service, registering each participant server in the index service, sending the name, IP address and data requirement of the server to the index server through an API, and building metadata record of the server;
establishing index records of all BIM data exchangeable entities in a global scope, and identifying by using a global unique identifier attribute based on the uniqueness of the exchangeable BIM data entities;
step three, the index server receives the query request, performs batch joint query on the relation table and the server table of the database according to all the entities in the request, and packages the data according to the query result which comprises the types and names of the entities and the IP address of the server and returns the data to the requester;
and step four, when a user needs to inquire the backup position of the entity, a backup position inquiry request is initiated to the global index service, a single entity backup position inquiry request returns a group of IP addresses of servers, the backup position inquiry request is initiated in batches, the same data format is used for initiating the request, names and storage position attributes in metadata of the entity are optional attributes, the index server receives the inquiry request, and performs batch joint inquiry on entity tables and server tables of the database according to all the entities in the request, wherein the inquired contents comprise the types, names and IP addresses of the backup servers, and the inquired results are expressed in a dictionary structure.
Further, the environment optimization system adopts an EMS (energy management system) intra-day optimization method, an energy plus and a YALMIP solver, and an indoor illuminance power mathematical relationship model formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), E is indoor illuminance, P E For indoor illumination power, phi is the light flux of a light source, U is the utilization coefficient of the light source, M is the maintenance coefficient of the light source, A is the area of an illuminated room, the utilization coefficient and the maintenance coefficient of the light source are set to 0.8, and the room equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance formula is:
in the formula (5), R wall Is equivalent heat conduction and resistance of the wall, R xindow The formula of the equivalent thermal resistance is as follows:
R＝l/(k·s) (6)
in the formula (6), R is equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance, l is the thickness of the material, k is the heat conductivity of the material, s is the contact surface area of the material and a conductive medium, and the mathematical model formula of the air conditioning system is as follows:
in the formula (7), T room (T) the indoor temperature at the end of the T period, T out (t) the outdoor temperature at the end of the t period, R eq Is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room, M air C is the indoor air quality p Q (t) is heat transferred from the indoor by the air conditioning system in the period of t and is specific heat of air, and co is used in the indoor 2 The mathematical relationship between the concentration and the fresh air volume is as follows:
in the formula (8), N (t) is indoor co at the end of the period t 2 Concentration value, N (t-1) is indoor co at the end of t-1 period 2 Concentration value, L is fresh air quantity, N w For co in the outdoor air 2 The concentration of the water in the water is higher,
is indoor co 2 The generation rate of the new air quantity is as follows:
R＝ρ×L×(h w -h n ) (9)
in the formula (9), R is fresh air cooling load, ρ is air density, h w Is the enthalpy value of the outdoor air, h n The indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value formula is as follows:
in the formula (10), d (T) is the moisture content in the air in the period T, T (T) is the temperature value at the moment T, h (T) is the indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value, and the economic cost expression in the period k is as follows:
minC(k)＝C F (k)+C OM (t)+C SC (t)+C EX (y)+C EN (t) (11)
in the formula (11), C (k) is the economic cost of the kth time period, C F (k) For fuel cost of k time periods, C OM (k) Maintenance cost for illumination operation, C SC (k) C for starting and stopping cost of the illumination controllable unit EX (k) For cost of illumination and grid interaction power, C EN (k) For the illumination environmental protection cost, the illumination comfort expression of the kth time period is:
in the formula (12), D 1 (k) For illumination comfort in the kth time period, E SET For the indoor standard illuminance, E (k) is the indoor illuminance value for the kth time period, and the temperature comfort level expression for the kth time period is:
in the formula (13), D 2 (k) For the temperature comfort of the kth time period, T SET Is the indoor standard temperature, T room (k) For the indoor temperature value of the kth period, the air quality comfort level expression of the kth period is:
In the formula (14), D 3 (k) For air quality comfort in the kth time period, N SET Is indoor standard CO 2 Concentration, N (k) is the indoor CO of the kth time period 2 The concentration value, the integrated environmental comfort expression is:
D(k)＝αD 1 (k)+βD 2 (k)+γD 3 (k) (15)
in the formula (15), D (k) is the environmental comfort level of the kth time period, and α, β, and γ are weights between comfort levels, and the optimization process is:
step one, obtaining a parameter measured value of a day to be optimized;
step two, running energy plus, taking 10min as a control period, and directly controlling the load;
generating indoor environment parameter values and corresponding load values in each period, and obtaining BIPV power output through simulation;
and step four, optimizing the power output of each controllable power supply by using YALMIP according to the optimization target and the constraint condition.
Further, the energy optimization system adopts an EMS day-ahead optimization method, and the objective function is as follows:
in the formula (16), C is the economic cost in the optimization period, C F (t) fuel cost for t period, C OM (t) is the operation and maintenance cost of the heat storage device, C SC (t) is the start-stop cost of a controllable unit of the heat storage device, C EX (t) is the cost of the interaction power of the heat storage device and the power grid, C EN (t) is the environmental protection cost of heat storage device, and the relation between fuel cost and output power is:
In the formula (17), N is the optimized time period number, M is the energy supply unit number and P i (t) output power of the ith energy supply unit in t period, C fi For the fuel cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, the mathematical relationship between the starting cost of the controllable unit and the starting and stopping states of the controllable unit is as follows:
in the formula (18), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
to show the starting cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, U i (t) is the start-stop state of the controllable unit i, and the mathematical relation of the electricity purchasing cost is as follows:
in the formula (19), C b (t) is the electricity purchasing price in the period of t, C s (t) is the electricity price of electricity selling in the period of t, and the environment-friendly cost expression is:
in the formula (20), i is the ith energy supply unit, j is the jth pollutant, alpha j Is the conversion coefficient of the j-th pollutant, beta i，j Unit emission factor, P, of the jth pollutant generated for the ith power supply i And (t) is the output power of the ith power supply in the t period.
Further, the data comparison regulation sub-module adopts an improved RSYNC algorithm, and the data string of the building information to be synchronized which is input at first is as follows:
S＝(a 1 ，α 2 ，…，a m ) (21)
in the formula (21), a is a building data string in the system, m is a data string serial number, and the polynomial of the finite field is:
S(t)＝a 1 t m-1 +a 2 t m-2 +…+a m (22)
in formula (22), t m For finite field length, then the concatenation of the data string according to the exclusive OR of equation (22) and the polynomial is:
R(con(S 1 ，S 2 ))＝S 1 (t)*t l +S 2 (mod(P(t))) (23)
in the formula (23), R represents fingerprint data of the synchronous data, con is cascade of data strings, t l Expanding the number of bits for a data string, P (t) being an irreducible polynomial over a custom domain, then based on lightweight delta synchronizationThe byte stream of building information data obtained by the content blocking method is as follows:
T＝(B 1 ，B 2 ，…，B N ) (24)
in the formula (24), B is a byte stream of building information data, and fingerprint data of the synchronization data in the sliding window is:
R(c 1 )＝b 1 *t m +b 1(1) *t m-1 +…+b n (25)
in the formula (25), c 1 Sliding Window for content chunking, b n For bit arrangement of byte stream, n represents bit arrangement sequence number, then the floating of data block length is reduced by limiting the size of data block, and probability distribution formula of data block is:
in the formula (26), X is the length of a data block, F (X) is a limiting point of content blocking, m represents the maximum length of the data block, the extreme value of the size range of the fixed data block according to the formula (26) is used as a blocking point to reduce the floating of the block length, the metadata overhead caused by the expected small block length is compensated, the single synchronization time is prolonged when the data blocks are combined and collide, and the probability formula of collision is as follows:
in the formula (27), u is the number of modified data blocks, c m For the probability of collision of different numbers of blocks, n represents the total number of the combined blocks, and then the length of metadata of each block is controlled, wherein the length formula of the metadata is as follows:
M dsy ＝4p+(n+m+16)pq+(4n+5)(Γp) (28)
in the formula (28), pq represents the length of fingerprint data in the system, Γp represents the cost of building information metadata, and p represents the cost of a difference block;
The implementation steps of the content blocking method are as follows:
step one, limiting the minimum block length can reduce the blocking time, skip the content of the minimum block length and limit the maximum block length;
step two, ensuring that the block length is similar to the expected block length, and obtaining the differential synchronization effect
And step three, replacing fixed-length blocks in the RSYNC algorithm based on content blocks.
Further, the management module comprises a control module, a server and a manager receiving end, a transmission port of the control module is connected with the transmission ports of the server and the manager receiving end, the control module comprises a control center and a data integration module, the control center is used for receiving alarm information, receiving a planned route and sending command signals, and the data integration module is used for configuring and executing the time information and dynamically scheduling the types and the quantity of the managers.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments are by way of example only, and that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the methods and systems described above may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is within the scope of the present invention to combine the above-described method steps to perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. Intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and thing networking, its characterized in that: the system comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing module, a management module and a display module;
the data acquisition module is used for collecting environmental temperature information inside and outside a building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information inside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information inside the building, smoke sensor working state information inside the building, electric power system working state information inside the building, drainage system working state information inside the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information, heat energy storage equipment information, energy consumption unit energy demand quantization information, user alarm information, fireproof door state information, people flow information, management personnel working state information or building inside and outside BIM data acquisition information;
the data transmission module is used for realizing the safe data transmission among the scattered nodes;
the data processing module is used for constructing a BIM model, comparing the building indoor environment parameters with a mathematical model of building energy consumption, and automatically changing the indoor environment parameters to realize energy conservation and consumption reduction of a building system;
The management module is used for notifying corresponding staff according to the user alarm information and the equipment fault alarm information, planning a route, sending a command and managing the people stream dense places;
the display module comprises a user display system and a background display system, wherein the user display system is used for displaying a BIM (building information modeling) inside and outside a building, environmental temperature information inside and outside the building, illumination information inside and outside the building, air quality information in the building, equipment disabling alarm information and user alarm information, 3D navigation inside and outside the building is carried out on a user, and the background display system is used for displaying the BIM inside and outside the building, security system information inside and outside the building, ventilation system working state information in the building, smoke sensor working state information in the building, user alarm information, electric power system working state information in the building, drainage system working state information in the building, elevator operation working state information, electric energy storage equipment information and thermal energy storage equipment information, and a manager timely discovers faults and accurately positions the faults;
the output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the input end of the communication module, the output end of the communication module is connected with the input end of the data processing module, and the output end of the data processing module is connected with the input end of the management module and the input end of the display module.
2. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things of claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition module is divided into a sensing layer, a transmission layer and an application layer based on the Internet of things technology, the sensing layer comprises a data acquisition sub-module, the data acquisition sub-module comprises a radio frequency automatic identifier, a laser scanner, a communication state monitoring system, a security monitoring system, an elevator operation monitoring system, a building structure deformation sensor, a power state monitoring system, a drainage state monitoring system, an electric energy storage device monitoring system, a fireproof door state monitoring unit, a thermal energy storage device monitoring system, a user alarm information monitoring system, an air quality sensor, a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor, the transmission layer comprises an access layer, a convergence layer and a core exchange layer, the transmission layer is connected with the sensing layer, the sensing layer is connected with the application layer, and the transmission layer is connected with the application layer.
3. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things of claim 1, wherein: the data transmission module adopts chaotic secret communication, and a fractional order chaotic system formula taking a transmitting node as a driving system is as follows:
In the formula (1), n is a receiving node, x 1i (t) is sampling data, and equations of n different fractional order chaotic systems serving as response systems are as follows:
in the formula (2), Δg ji As an uncertainty factor, d ji For external disturbance, a pair of data security transmission models is obtained by the formula (2):
in the formula (3), the amino acid sequence of the compound,m (t) is the data to be transmitted, c (t) is the encrypted data,
for the encrypted and decrypted data, ψ is an encryption rule, and ++>
Is a decryption rule.
4. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things of claim 1, wherein: the data processing module comprises a data indexing sub-module and a data comparison regulation sub-module, wherein the data indexing sub-module is used for tracking global data indexes of data distribution states, the data comparison regulation sub-module comprises an environment optimization system, an energy optimization system and a regulation and control system, the environment optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing indoor illuminance, indoor temperature and indoor pollutant concentration, the energy optimization system is used for comparing and optimizing electric energy storage and thermal energy storage, the regulation and control system is used for controlling the number of people in a building and the number of manager people for which alarm information of users needs to be matched, and the data indexing sub-module is connected with the data comparison regulation and control sub-module.
5. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things according to claim 4, wherein: the data indexing sub-module adopts a method of metadata storage, batch processing and parallel query, wherein the metadata comprises entity detection information and server information, the entity detection information comprises a unique identifier, a category and a name of an entity, the server information comprises an ID (identity) of a server, an IP (Internet protocol) address and a local storage position of a file defining the data requirement of the server, the batch processing is used for sending and processing index data in a multi-set form, and the parallel query is used for adding, deleting and modifying a database in batches by a plurality of threads.
6. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things according to claim 4, wherein: the environment optimization system adopts an EMS (energy management system) intra-day optimization method, an energy plus and YALMIP solver, and an indoor illuminance power mathematical relationship model formula is as follows:
in the formula (4), E is indoor illuminance, P E For indoor illumination power, phi is the light flux of a light source, U is the utilization coefficient of the light source, M is the maintenance coefficient of the light source, A is the area of an illuminated room, the utilization coefficient and the maintenance coefficient of the light source are set to 0.8, and the room equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance formula is:
In the formula (5), R wall Is equivalent heat conduction and resistance of the wall, R xindow The formula of the equivalent thermal resistance is as follows:
R＝l/(k·s) (6)
in the formula (6), R is equivalent heat conduction and thermal resistance, l is the thickness of the material, k is the heat conductivity of the material, s is the contact surface area of the material and a conductive medium, and the mathematical model formula of the air conditioning system is as follows:
in the formula (7), T room (T) the indoor temperature at the end of the T period, T out (t) the outdoor temperature at the end of the t period, R eq Is the equivalent thermal resistance of the room, M air C is the indoor air quality p Q (t) is heat transferred from the indoor by the air conditioning system in the period of t and is specific heat of air, and co is used in the indoor 2 The mathematical relationship between the concentration and the fresh air volume is as follows:
in the formula (8), N (t) is indoor co at the end of the period t 2 Concentration value, N (t-1) is indoor co at the end of t-1 period 2 Concentration value, L is fresh air quantity, N w For co in the outdoor air 2 Concentration, V co2 Is indoor co 2 The generation rate of the new air quantity is as follows:
R＝ρ×L×(h w -h n ) (9)
in the formula (9), R is fresh air cooling load, ρ is air density, h w Is the enthalpy value of the outdoor air, h n The indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value formula is as follows:
(10)
in the formula (10), d (T) is the moisture content in the air in the period T, T (T) is the temperature value at the moment T, h (T) is the indoor and outdoor air enthalpy value, and the economic cost expression in the period k is as follows:
minC(k)＝C F (k)+C OM (t)+C SC (t)+C EX (t)+C EN (t) (11)
In the formula (11), C (k) is the economic cost of the kth time period, C F (k) For the k period cost, C OM (k) Maintenance cost for illumination operation, C SC (k) C, controlling the start-stop cost of the unit EX (k) For the cost of interacting power with the grid, C EN (k) For the environmental cost reduction, the illumination comfort expression of the kth time period is:
in the formula (12), D 1 (k) For illumination comfort in the kth time period, E SET For the indoor standard illuminance, E (k) is the indoor illuminance value for the kth time period, and the temperature comfort level expression for the kth time period is:
in the formula (13), D 2 (k) For the temperature comfort of the kth time period, T SET Is the indoor standard temperature, T room (k) For the indoor temperature value of the kth period, the air quality comfort level expression of the kth period is:
in the formula (14), D 3 (k) For air quality comfort in the kth time period, N SET Is indoor standard CO 2 Concentration, N (k) is the indoor CO of the kth time period 2 The concentration value, the integrated environmental comfort expression is:
D(k)＝αD 1 (k)+βD 2 (k)+γD 3 (k) (15)
in the formula (15), D (k) is the environmental comfort level of the kth time period, and α, β, and γ are weights between comfort levels, and the optimization process is:
step one, obtaining a parameter measured value of a day to be optimized;
step two, running energy plus, taking 10min as a control period, and directly controlling the load;
Generating indoor environment parameter values and corresponding load values in each period, and obtaining BIPV power output through simulation;
and step four, optimizing the power output of each controllable power supply by using YALMIP according to the optimization target and the constraint condition.
7. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things according to claim 4, wherein: the energy optimization system adopts an EMS day-ahead optimization method, and the objective function is as follows:
in the formula (16), C is the economic cost in the optimization period, C F (t) fuel cost for t period, C OM (t) is the operation and maintenance cost of the heat storage device, C SC (t) is the start-stop cost of a controllable unit of the heat storage device, C EX (t) is the cost of the interaction power of the heat storage device and the power grid, C EN (t) is the environmental protection cost of heat storage device, and the relation between fuel cost and output power is:
in the formula (17), N is the optimized time period number, M is the energy supply unit number and P i (t) output power of the ith energy supply unit in t period, C fi For the fuel cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, the mathematical relationship between the starting cost of the controllable unit and the starting and stopping states of the controllable unit is as follows:
in the formula (18), the amino acid sequence of the compound,
to show the starting cost coefficient of the i-th energy supply unit, U i (t) is the start-stop state of the controllable unit i, and the mathematical relation of the electricity purchasing cost is as follows:
In the formula (19), C b (t) is the electricity purchasing price in the period of t, C s (t) is the electricity price of electricity selling in the period of t, and the environment-friendly cost expression is:
in the formula (20), i is the ith energy supply unit, j is the jth pollutant, alpha j Is the conversion coefficient of the j-th pollutant, beta i,j Unit emission factor, P, of the jth pollutant generated for the ith power supply i And (t) is the output power of the ith power supply in the t period.
8. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things according to claim 4, wherein: the data comparison regulation sub-module adopts an improved RSYNC algorithm, and the data string of the building information to be synchronized which is input at first is as follows:
S＝(a 1 ，a 2 ，…，a m ) (21)
in the formula (21), a is a building data string in the system, m is a data string serial number, and the polynomial of the finite field is:
S(t)＝a 1 t m-1 +a 2 t m-2 +…+a m (22)
in formula (22), t m For finite field length, then the concatenation of the data string according to the exclusive OR of equation (22) and the polynomial is:
R(con(S 1 ，S 2 ))＝S 1 (t)*t l +S 2 (mod(P(t))) (23)
in the formula (23), R represents fingerprint data of the synchronous data, con is cascade of data strings, t l Expanding the bit number for the data string, wherein P (t) is an irreducible polynomial in a custom domain, and then obtaining a byte stream of building information data based on a content blocking method based on lightweight differential synchronization is as follows:
T＝(B 1 ，B 2 ，…，B N ) (24)
in the formula (24), B is a byte stream of building information data, and fingerprint data of the synchronization data in the sliding window is:
R(c 1 )＝b 1 *t m +b 1(1) *t m-1 +…+b n (25)
In the formula (25), c 1 Sliding Window for content chunking, b n For bit arrangement of byte stream, n represents bit arrangement sequence number, then the floating of data block length is reduced by limiting the size of data block, and probability distribution formula of data block is:
in the formula (26), X is the length of a data block, F (X) is a limiting point of content blocking, m represents the maximum length of the data block, the extreme value of the size range of the fixed data block according to the formula (26) is used as a blocking point to reduce the floating of the block length, the metadata overhead caused by the expected small block length is compensated, the single synchronization time is prolonged when the data blocks are combined and collide, and the probability formula of collision is as follows:
in the formula (27), u is the number of modified data blocks, c m For the probability of collision of different numbers of blocks, n represents the total number of the combined blocks, and then the length of metadata of each block is controlled, wherein the length formula of the metadata is as follows:
M dsy ＝4p+(n+m+16)pq+(4n+5)(Γp) (28)
in the formula (28), pq represents the length of the finger print data in the system, Γp represents the overhead of the building information metadata, and p represents the overhead of the difference block.
9. The intelligent building digital management system based on BIM and Internet of things of claim 1, wherein: the management module comprises a control module, a server and a manager receiving end, wherein a transmission port of the control module is connected with the transmission ports of the server and the manager receiving end, the control module comprises a control center and a data integration module, the control center is used for receiving alarm information, receiving a planned route and sending command signals, and the data integration module is used for configuring and executing the time information and dynamically scheduling the types and the quantity of the managers.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117346294A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-01-05 | 苏州钮斯拓系统集成有限公司 | Intelligent control method for heating ventilation AI |
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| CN117521979A (en) * | 2024-01-04 | 2024-02-06 | 广东省建筑工程监理有限公司 | Energy saving method for data-driven designed capital construction equipment |
| CN117575846A (en) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-02-20 | 中国铁塔股份有限公司江西省分公司 | Energy comprehensive service platform based on Internet of things |
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| CN117784736B (en) * | 2024-02-23 | 2024-04-26 | 连云港智拓节能电气有限公司 | Intelligent building energy management method based on Internet of things technology |
| CN118134465A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-06-04 | 北京泰豪智能工程有限公司 | Building data element classification hierarchical management method based on BIM technology |
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