CN116401557A - Agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system - Google Patents
Agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
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Abstract
The invention provides a remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system for agricultural non-point source pollution, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored; collecting geographic data of an agricultural area to be monitored; acquiring safety standards of an agricultural area to be monitored aiming at geographic data; comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with safety standards to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored; and when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out. The method realizes the remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution by collecting the remote sensing data, has simple implementation mode, reduces the difficulty of the remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution, does not need to arrange excessive personnel for field monitoring, has low labor cost and high timeliness, overcomes the defects of poor timeliness, human errors and the like of the manpower monitoring, and simultaneously solves the defects of difficult monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by wide space-time range, large uncertainty, complex composition process and the like of the agricultural non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to a remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system for agricultural non-point source pollution.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution refers to the pollution of ecological systems such as water layers, lakes, river banks, coasts, atmosphere and the like caused by the fact that agricultural production uses chemical fertilizers, pesticides, hormones and other products to produce scattered pollution sources such as straws, corpses, fecaluria and disease and insect bacteria. Compared with the point source pollution (such as industrial enterprise pollution) with fixed and explorable pollution sources, the agricultural non-point source pollution has the advantages of wider space-time range, larger uncertainty, more complex components and processes and more difficult control. Currently, the lagged production mode and non-scientific management concept of using extremely toxic pesticides, applying chemical fertilizers excessively, randomly discarding nondegradable agricultural films, burning straws in the open air, randomly stacking and discarding livestock manure in large farms even carcasses without innocent treatment are important factors causing agricultural non-point source pollution.
The remote sensing technology is that the radiation and reflection characteristics of electromagnetic wave of the object are detected by a sensor/remote sensor, and the obtained reflected, radiated or scattered electromagnetic wave information is extracted, judged, processed, analyzed and applied.
Along with the wide use of the remote sensing technology in the monitoring field, the demand of the application of the remote sensing technology to the agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring field is more and more intense, so that the remote sensing monitoring and early warning method for the agricultural non-point source pollution realized by using the remote sensing technology is needed to be provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the remote sensing monitoring and early warning method for the agricultural non-point source pollution is lack of implementation by using a remote sensing technology in the prior art, the invention provides the remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system for the agricultural non-point source pollution, and the difficulty of the remote sensing monitoring and early warning for the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced.
In a first aspect, a method for remote sensing monitoring and early warning of agricultural non-point source pollution includes:
acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored;
collecting geographic data of an agricultural area to be monitored;
acquiring safety standards of an agricultural area to be monitored aiming at geographic data;
comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with safety standards to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored;
and when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering discharge speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharge inlet of a discharge water area;
calculating the pollutant discharge amount in the monitoring time according to the river discharge speed;
collecting pollutants in a unit volume as a sample;
detecting unit pollution parameters in a sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
calculating pollution parameters of the emission according to unit pollution parameters of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
respectively calculating the difference value of the pollution parameter and the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
Further, the early warning conditions include:
any river pollution amount is larger than the first set value.
Further, the remote sensing data comprises spectrum signals of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is shot by a camera;
safety standards include nitrogen content thresholds for different growth stages of crops;
comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with the safety standard to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored specifically comprises the following steps:
a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
inputting the remote sensing data into a nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of crops;
and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain a pollution result.
Further, the contamination result is greater than the second set point.
In a second aspect, an agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system includes:
the acquisition unit: the method comprises the steps of acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored; collecting geographic data of an agricultural area to be monitored; acquiring safety standards of an agricultural area to be monitored aiming at geographic data;
monitoring unit: the method comprises the steps of comparing and analyzing remote sensing data with safety standards to obtain pollution results of an agricultural area to be monitored;
an early warning unit: and the device is used for carrying out early warning when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition.
Further, the sensor comprises a sensing detection unit for:
acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering discharge speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharge inlet of a discharge water area;
calculating the pollutant discharge amount in the monitoring time according to the river discharge speed;
collecting pollutants in a unit volume as a sample;
detecting unit pollution parameters in a sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
calculating pollution parameters of the emission according to unit pollution parameters of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
respectively calculating the difference value of the pollution parameter and the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
Further, the early warning conditions include:
any river pollution amount is larger than the first set value.
Further, the remote sensing data comprises spectrum signals of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is shot by a camera;
safety standards include nitrogen content thresholds for different growth stages of crops;
the monitoring unit specifically comprises:
a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
inputting the remote sensing data into a nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of crops;
and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain a pollution result.
Further, the contamination result is greater than the second set point.
According to the technical scheme, the remote sensing monitoring and early warning method and system for the agricultural non-point source pollution, disclosed by the invention, are capable of realizing remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution by collecting remote sensing data, are simple in implementation mode, reduce the difficulty of remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution, do not need to arrange excessive personnel for field monitoring, are low in labor cost and high in timeliness, overcome the defects of poor timeliness, human errors and the like existing in the manual monitoring, and also overcome the defects of difficult monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by wide space-time range, large uncertainty, complex component process and the like of the agricultural non-point source pollution.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning method provided in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a pollution result obtaining method according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another pollution result obtaining method according to the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a remote sensing monitoring and early warning system for agricultural non-point source pollution according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It is noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when..once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]".
Examples:
an agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning method, see fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored;
s2: collecting geographic data of an agricultural area to be monitored;
s3: acquiring safety standards of an agricultural area to be monitored aiming at geographic data;
s4: comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with safety standards to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored;
s5: and when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
In this embodiment, the agricultural area to be monitored is an area where whether agricultural non-point source pollution is generated needs to be monitored. The geographic data includes terrain elevation, soil type, etc. of the agricultural area to be monitored. Because the standards of different geographic data for judging the pollution level of the agricultural non-point source are different, the method acquires the safety standard corresponding to the geographic data of the agricultural area to be monitored when judging the pollution level of the agricultural area to be monitored.
In the embodiment, the method compares and analyzes the collected remote sensing data with the safety standard during monitoring and early warning, and performs early warning when the remote sensing data exceeds the safety standard. The method judges whether the remote sensing data exceeds the safety standard by setting the early warning condition, wherein the early warning condition can be set in advance, and can be modified and adjusted in the using process.
The method realizes the remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution by collecting the remote sensing data, has simple implementation mode, reduces the difficulty of the remote sensing monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution, does not need to arrange excessive personnel for field monitoring, has low labor cost and high timeliness, overcomes the defects of poor timeliness, human errors and the like of the manpower monitoring, and simultaneously solves the defects of difficult monitoring and early warning of the agricultural non-point source pollution caused by wide space-time range, large uncertainty, complex composition process and the like of the agricultural non-point source pollution.
Further, in some embodiments, further comprising:
s11: acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering discharge speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharge inlet of a discharge water area;
s12: calculating the pollutant discharge amount in the monitoring time according to the river discharge speed;
s13: collecting pollutants in a unit volume as a sample;
s14: detecting unit pollution parameters in a sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
s15: calculating pollution parameters of the emission according to unit pollution parameters of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
s16: respectively calculating the difference value of the pollution parameter and the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
s17: and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
In the embodiment, the method can also determine the pollution degree by detecting the pollutant discharged into the river in the agricultural area to be monitored, and the method considers that the agricultural area to be monitored has agricultural non-point source pollution when the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen content in the pollutant discharged into the river exceeds the standard. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating the discharge amount of pollutants, taking remote sensing data to be acquired at the moment as the river entering discharge speed of the pollutants, and integrating the river entering discharge speed with the discharge time to obtain the discharge amount. The river entering discharge speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device. If the discharge body of water has a plurality of discharge inlets, a flow rate sensing device may be provided at each discharge inlet. Each discharge inlet may also be provided with a plurality of flow sensing devices, and when one of the flow sensing devices fails, the other flow sensing device may also be activated to operate.
In this embodiment, the safety standards are total nitrogen safety emission content, total phosphorus safety emission content and ammonia nitrogen safety emission content of the agricultural area to be monitored, that is, when the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen emitted do not exceed the total nitrogen safety emission content, total phosphorus safety emission content and ammonia nitrogen safety emission content, then the agricultural area to be monitored is free of agricultural non-point source pollution.
In the embodiment, when the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the ammonia nitrogen content of the emission are calculated, the total nitrogen unit content, the total phosphorus unit content and the ammonia nitrogen unit content of the emission are calculated first, and then the total nitrogen unit content, the total phosphorus unit content and the ammonia nitrogen unit content are multiplied by the emission respectively to obtain the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content and the ammonia nitrogen content of the emission. When the total nitrogen unit content, the total phosphorus unit content and the ammonia nitrogen unit content are calculated, collecting pollutants in a unit volume as samples, and detecting the samples to obtain the total nitrogen unit content, the total phosphorus unit content and the ammonia nitrogen unit content. Wherein the pollution result comprises a difference value of total nitrogen content and total nitrogen safe discharge content, a difference value of total phosphorus content and total phosphorus safe discharge content, and a difference value of ammonia nitrogen content and ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content.
Further, in some embodiments, the pre-warning conditions include:
any river pollution amount is larger than the first set value.
In this embodiment, when the pollution parameter exceeds the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content more, the obtained difference is larger, that is, the obtained river pollution amount is too large, and when any river pollution amount is larger than the first set value, it is determined that agricultural non-point source pollution exists in the agricultural area to be monitored. For example, when the difference between the total nitrogen content and the total nitrogen safe discharge content is greater than a first set point, the agricultural area to be monitored is subject to total nitrogen pollution. The first set value can be preset or can be modified and adjusted in the using process.
Further, in some embodiments, the remote sensing data includes a spectroscopic signal of the crop in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is shot by a camera;
safety standards include nitrogen content thresholds for different growth stages of crops;
referring to fig. 3, comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with the safety standard to obtain the pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored specifically includes:
s21: a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
s22: inputting the remote sensing data into a nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of crops;
s23: and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain a pollution result.
In this embodiment, the method determines the pollution level by detecting the nitrogen content of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored, and the method considers that the agricultural area to be monitored has agricultural non-point source pollution when the nitrogen content of crops exceeds the standard. Since the nitrogen content of crops varies in demand during different growth stages, it is necessary to determine the current growth stage of the crop in combination with monitoring the nitrogen content of the crop. The spectrum signal can be obtained by shooting by a camera arranged at a high position or a camera carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle. By analyzing the optical signal, the reflectivity of different wave bands, such as red wave band reflectivity, near red wave band reflectivity, blue wave band reflectivity, green wave band reflectivity, and the like, can be obtained.
In this embodiment, the safety standard is a nitrogen content threshold value of the crop at different growth stages, that is, when the nitrogen content of the crop does not exceed the nitrogen content threshold value, the agricultural area to be monitored is free of agricultural non-point source pollution.
In this embodiment, the method first builds a nitrogen content prediction model for predicting the nitrogen content of the crop. The nitrogen content prediction model can be constructed according to a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index or a second greenness index, different crops can select different indexes to construct the nitrogen content prediction model in different growth stages, for example, crop A can select the third crop index to construct the nitrogen content prediction model in the jointing stage, and select the first greenness index to construct the nitrogen content prediction model in the small bell mouth stage. The index can quantify the nitrogen content in standard crops, wherein the first wave band, the second wave band, the third wave band and the fourth wave band can be different wave bands according to different crops. For example, the first band may be a near red band, the second band may be a red band, the third band may be a blue band, and the fourth band may be a green band.
In this embodiment, after remote sensing data is received, the remote sensing data is input into a nitrogen content prediction model, the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of the crop is predicted, and the difference between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage is calculated to obtain a pollution result.
Further, in some embodiments, the contamination result is greater than the second set point.
In this embodiment, when the real-time nitrogen content exceeds the nitrogen content threshold by more, the obtained difference is larger, that is, the obtained pollution result is too large, and when the pollution result is larger than the second set value, it is determined that there is agricultural non-point source pollution in the agricultural area to be monitored. The second setting value can be preset or can be modified and adjusted in the using process.
An agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system, see fig. 4, comprises:
acquisition unit 1: the method comprises the steps of acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored; collecting geographic data of an agricultural area to be monitored; acquiring safety standards of an agricultural area to be monitored aiming at geographic data;
monitoring unit 2: the method comprises the steps of comparing and analyzing remote sensing data with safety standards to obtain pollution results of an agricultural area to be monitored;
early warning unit 3: and the device is used for carrying out early warning when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition.
Further, the sensor detection unit 4 is further included for:
acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering discharge speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharge inlet of a discharge water area;
calculating the pollutant discharge amount in the monitoring time according to the river discharge speed;
collecting pollutants in a unit volume as a sample;
detecting unit pollution parameters in a sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
calculating pollution parameters of the emission according to unit pollution parameters of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
respectively calculating pollution parameters
The difference value of the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
Further, the early warning conditions include:
any river pollution amount is larger than the first set value.
Further, the remote sensing data comprises spectrum signals of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is shot by a camera;
safety standards include nitrogen content thresholds for different growth stages of crops;
the monitoring unit 2 specifically includes:
a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
inputting the remote sensing data into a nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of crops;
and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain a pollution result.
Further, the contamination result is greater than the second set point.
For a brief description of the system provided by the embodiments of the present invention, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing embodiments where the description of the embodiments is not mentioned.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. The remote sensing monitoring and early warning method for agricultural non-point source pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored;
collecting geographic data of the agricultural area to be monitored;
acquiring safety standards of the agricultural area to be monitored aiming at the geographic data;
comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with the safety standard to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored;
and when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
2. The method for remote sensing monitoring and early warning of agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering and discharging speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharging inlet of a discharging water area;
calculating the emission amount of the pollutants in the monitoring time according to the river entering emission speed;
collecting the pollutant in a unit volume as a sample;
detecting a unit pollution parameter in the sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
calculating a pollution parameter of the emission according to a unit pollution parameter of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
respectively calculating the difference value of the pollution parameter and the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
3. The method for remote sensing monitoring and early warning of agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 2, wherein the early warning conditions comprise:
any one of the river pollution amounts is larger than a first set value.
4. The method for remote sensing monitoring and early warning of agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 1, which is characterized in that,
the remote sensing data comprise spectrum signals of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is obtained by shooting by a camera;
the safety standard comprises nitrogen content thresholds of different growth stages of crops;
the comparing and analyzing the remote sensing data with the safety standard to obtain the pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored specifically comprises:
a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
inputting the remote sensing data into the nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of the crops;
and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain the pollution result.
5. The method for remote sensing monitoring and early warning of agricultural non-point source pollution according to claim 4, characterized in that,
the pollution result is greater than a second set value.
6. An agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system, which is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition unit: the method comprises the steps of acquiring remote sensing data of an agricultural area to be monitored; collecting geographic data of the agricultural area to be monitored; acquiring safety standards of the agricultural area to be monitored aiming at the geographic data;
monitoring unit: the remote sensing data is used for comparing and analyzing with the safety standard to obtain a pollution result of the agricultural area to be monitored;
an early warning unit: and the early warning device is used for carrying out early warning when the pollution result falls into the early warning condition.
7. The agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, further comprising a sensing detection unit for:
acquiring the river entering and discharging speed of pollutants in an agricultural area to be monitored; the river entering and discharging speed is detected by a flow rate sensing device arranged on a discharging inlet of a discharging water area;
calculating the emission amount of the pollutants in the monitoring time according to the river entering emission speed;
collecting the pollutant in a unit volume as a sample;
detecting a unit pollution parameter in the sample; the unit pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen unit content, total phosphorus unit content and ammonia nitrogen unit content;
calculating a pollution parameter of the emission according to a unit pollution parameter of the sample; the pollution parameters comprise total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and ammonia nitrogen content;
respectively calculating the difference value of the pollution parameter and the total nitrogen safe discharge content, the total phosphorus safe discharge content and the ammonia nitrogen safe discharge content of the agricultural area to be monitored so as to obtain river pollution;
and when the river pollution amount falls into the early warning condition, early warning is carried out.
8. The agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7, wherein the early warning conditions include:
any one of the river pollution amounts is larger than a first set value.
9. The agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that,
the remote sensing data comprise spectrum signals of crops in the agricultural area to be monitored; the spectrum signal is obtained by shooting by a camera;
the safety standard comprises nitrogen content thresholds of different growth stages of crops;
the monitoring unit specifically comprises:
a nitrogen content prediction model constructed according to the index; the index comprises a first crop index, a second crop index, a third crop index, a fourth crop index, a first greenness index, or a second greenness index; wherein,,
first crop index= (p1—p2)/(p1+p2);
second crop index= (p1—p3)/(p1+p3);
third crop index= (p1—p3—p4)/(p1+p3+p4);
fourth crop index= (p1—p4—p2)/(p1+p4+p2);
first greenness index=p1/p2;
second greenness index = P2-P3;
wherein, P1 is the first band reflectivity, P2 is the second wave Duan Fanshe, P3 is the third band reflectivity, and P4 is the fourth band reflectivity;
inputting the remote sensing data into the nitrogen content prediction model to obtain the real-time nitrogen content of the current growth stage of the crops;
and calculating the difference value between the real-time nitrogen content and the nitrogen content threshold value of the corresponding growth stage to obtain the pollution result.
10. The agricultural non-point source pollution remote sensing monitoring and early warning system according to claim 9, characterized in that,
the pollution result is greater than a second set value.
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