CN116398327A - Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof - Google Patents

Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116398327A
CN116398327A CN202310481314.7A CN202310481314A CN116398327A CN 116398327 A CN116398327 A CN 116398327A CN 202310481314 A CN202310481314 A CN 202310481314A CN 116398327 A CN116398327 A CN 116398327A
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ammonia
leakage
pipeline
leakage amount
flow meter
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Inventor
项旭昇
张导龑
陈镇
潘亮
殷实
刘寰
冯坦
柴启寅
程凯
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Dongfeng Trucks Co ltd
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Dongfeng Trucks Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310481314.7A priority Critical patent/CN116398327A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0293Safety devices; Fail-safe measures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D2041/224Diagnosis of the fuel system
    • F02D2041/225Leakage detection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine and a leakage diagnosis method thereof, wherein a first pipeline is connected with a liquid ammonia tank provided with a liquid level meter, and a second pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and provided with a first ammonia flowmeter; the third pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and is provided with a second ammonia flowmeter; the controller is in signal connection with the structure, and is also connected with a post-treatment detection piece for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst and detecting the temperature of ammonia gas and gas at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; can be according to the detected value of above liquid level gauge, first ammonia flowmeter, second ammonia flowmeter and aftertreatment detecting element, combine to set for the rule, know concrete ammonia in the ammonia injection process and reveal position and leakage quantity, in time maintain to ensure personal safety. In addition, according to knowing specific ammonia leakage positions and leakage amounts, different levels of alarm prompts are adopted in combination with different levels of ammonia leakage amounts, and the positions of main leakage are reminded.

Description

Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fault diagnosis of internal combustion engines, in particular to an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine and a leakage diagnosis method thereof.
Background
At present, ammonia is used as zero-carbon hydrogen-containing fuel, can be used for an internal combustion engine and is one of the zero-carbon fuels for realizing carbon neutralization in the future. The industrial foundation of ammonia is mature, and the transportation cost is low. At normal temperature, 7-8 atmospheres are required to fluidize ammonia into liquid ammonia for transportation and storage. Liquid ammonia is a colorless liquid, has strong pungent odor, is corrosive and is easy to volatilize. Ammonia is a colorless, strongly irritating gas. Human body inhalation or contact of skin and eyes with liquid ammonia or ammonia gas can cause poisoning, and the risk of liquid ammonia leakage is high.
In some related art, for an ammonia-diesel dual fuel engine, where the ammonia fuel has two paths to; the first direction is to spray liquid directly into the ammonia internal combustion engine to provide power and then discharge the liquid along with tail gas; the second is to use as a reductant in a SCR (SelectiveCatalyticReduction) catalyst for an after-treatment system for vehicle exhaust to reduce ammonia NH in the exhaust 3 And nitrogen oxides NO X For example ammonia-diesel dual fuel engines, use liquid ammonia as fuel and aftertreatment reactants.
Therefore, when ammonia leaks, certain potential safety hazards exist, specific leakage positions are required to be clearly diagnosed and alarmed, certain guidance is given for quick maintenance, and personal safety is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine and a leakage diagnosis method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the specific position of ammonia leakage is difficult to distinguish and the leakage quantity is difficult to detect in the related technology.
In a first aspect, there is provided an ammonia injection system for an ammonia-fueled engine, comprising:
the first pipeline is connected with a liquid ammonia tank, and a liquid level meter is arranged on the liquid ammonia tank;
the second pipeline comprises a first ammonia flow meter and an engine ammonia nozzle which are sequentially connected; the first ammonia flow meter is connected with the first pipeline;
the third pipeline comprises a second ammonia flow meter and a post-treatment nozzle which are sequentially connected, and the second ammonia flow meter is connected with the first pipeline;
the aftertreatment detection piece is used for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst and detecting the temperature of ammonia and gas at the inlet of the SCR catalyst;
and the controller is connected with the liquid level meter, the second pipeline, the third pipeline and the post-treatment detection part and is used for controlling the injection of the ammonia nozzle and the post-treatment nozzle of the engine and detecting the ammonia leakage condition by using the liquid level meter, the first ammonia flowmeter, the second ammonia flowmeter and the post-treatment detection part.
In some embodiments, the aftertreatment detection element includes a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a second nitrogen oxide sensor, an ammonia sensor, and a temperature sensor;
the first nitrogen oxide sensor and the second nitrogen oxide sensor are respectively arranged at an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of the SCR catalyst; the aftertreatment nozzle is configured to be disposed on the SCR catalyst inlet pipe and closer to the SCR catalyst than the first nitrogen oxide sensor;
an ammonia sensor and a temperature sensor are disposed on the SCR catalyst inlet pipe and upstream of the aftertreatment nozzle.
In some embodiments, the first pipeline comprises a three-way valve, a first pressure regulating valve, a pressure stabilizing tank, a gasifier and a liquid ammonia stop valve which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the liquid ammonia tank is connected with a liquid ammonia stop valve, and the three-way valve is connected with the second pipeline; the three-way valve is connected with a third pipeline through a second pressure regulating valve;
the controller is connected with the gasifier and the liquid ammonia stop valve.
In a second aspect, a leak diagnostic method for an ammonia injection system of an ammonia-fueled engine is provided, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the change type of the detection value of the liquid level meter;
if the change type is the liquid level descending change quantity, starting one-time diagnosis, and ending the diagnosis until the liquid level descending change quantity or the flow rates of the first ammonia flowmeter and the second ammonia flowmeter reach a preset value; during primary diagnosis, based on detection values of the liquid level meter, the first ammonia flow meter, the second ammonia flow meter and the post-treatment detection piece, the ammonia leakage condition of the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline is calculated according to a set rule;
and if the change type is the liquid level rising change amount, canceling the diagnosis.
In some embodiments, the method for calculating the ammonia leakage condition of the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline according to the set rule includes the following steps:
calculating a first leakage amount based on detection values of the liquid level meter, the first ammonia flow meter and the second ammonia flow meter;
calculating a second leakage amount based on the detection value of the first ammonia flow meter;
calculating a third leakage amount based on the detection value of the second ammonia flow meter;
calculating a fourth leakage amount based on the nitrogen oxide concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst detected by the post-treatment detection part and the ammonia gas and gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst;
summing the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to obtain a total leakage amount; then, the ratio of the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to the total leakage amount is obtained, so that the ammonia leakage condition in one diagnosis time is obtained;
the first leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first pipeline to the first ammonia flowmeter and the second ammonia flowmeter; the second leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first ammonia flow meter to the ammonia nozzle of the engine; the third leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the second ammonia flow meter to the post-treatment nozzle; the fourth leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the post-treatment nozzle to the SCR catalyst.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises the steps of:
performing early warning operation according to the total leakage and the duty ratios and the following rules;
if the total leakage quantity is between the first preset leakage quantity and the second preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp is lightened for a long time; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage quantity is between the second preset leakage quantity and the third preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage quantity is between the third preset leakage quantity and the fourth preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes and carries out voice warning; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage amount is larger than the fourth preset leakage amount, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes, and the voice prompt is carried out, and after the running accumulated time of the engine exceeds the preset time, the engine torque and the vehicle speed are limited; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results.
In some embodiments, calculating the first leakage amount based on the detection values of the liquid level meter, the first ammonia flow meter, and the second ammonia flow meter includes the steps of:
acquiring the sum of accumulated flow of the first ammonia flow meter and the second ammonia flow meter in one diagnosis time;
acquiring the liquid level drop variation of the liquid level meter in one diagnosis time;
and obtaining a liquid ammonia discharge amount according to the liquid level drop change amount and the liquid ammonia tank volume, and subtracting the sum of the accumulated flow amounts from the liquid ammonia discharge amount to obtain the first leakage amount.
In some embodiments, the second leakage amount is calculated based on the detection value of the first ammonia flow meter, including the steps of:
acquiring a first accumulated flow of a first ammonia flowmeter in one diagnosis time;
calculating a second accumulated flow in one diagnosis time based on the duty ratio of the ammonia gas nozzle of the engine and the set pressure of the first pressure regulating valve;
and performing difference on the first accumulated flow and the second accumulated flow to obtain the second leakage amount.
In some embodiments, calculating the third leakage amount based on the detection value of the second ammonia flow meter includes the steps of:
acquiring a third accumulated flow of the second ammonia flowmeter in one diagnosis time;
calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in a one-time diagnostic time based on the duty cycle of the post-treatment nozzle and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve;
and performing difference on the third accumulated flow and the fourth accumulated flow to obtain the third leakage amount.
In some embodiments, the aftertreatment detection element includes a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a second nitrogen oxide sensor, an ammonia sensor, and a temperature sensor;
based on the nitrogen oxide concentration at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst detected by the post-treatment detection part, and the ammonia gas and the gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst, a fourth leakage amount is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the unburned ammonia flow of the engine based on the ammonia sensor and combined with an exhaust gas flow meter during one diagnosis time;
calculating a nitrogen oxide mass flow difference based on the concentration value of the first nitrogen oxide sensor, the concentration value of the second nitrogen oxide sensor, and the exhaust gas flow in one diagnostic time; obtaining nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency based on the temperature value of the temperature sensor and the exhaust gas flow rate in one diagnosis time; dividing the nitrogen oxide mass flow difference value by the nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency to obtain accumulated ammonia consumption of the SCR catalyst in one diagnosis time;
calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in a one-time diagnostic time based on the duty cycle of the post-treatment nozzle and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve;
summing the unburned ammonia flow of the engine and the fourth accumulated flow, and subtracting the accumulated ammonia consumption after summing to obtain the fourth leakage.
The beneficial effects that technical scheme that this application provided brought include:
the embodiment of the application provides an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine and a leakage diagnosis method thereof, wherein a first pipeline is connected with a liquid ammonia tank provided with a liquid level meter, and a second pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and provided with a first ammonia flowmeter; the third pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and is provided with a second ammonia flowmeter; the controller is in signal connection with the structure, and is also connected with a post-treatment detection piece for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst and detecting the temperature of ammonia gas and gas at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; therefore, the specific ammonia leakage position and leakage amount can be known in the ammonia injection process according to the detection values of the liquid level meter, the first ammonia flow meter, the second ammonia flow meter and the post-treatment detection piece and by combining with the setting rule, the maintenance can be performed in time, and the personal safety is ensured.
In addition, according to knowing specific ammonia leakage position and leakage amount, and combining different grades of ammonia leakage amount, adopting different grades of alarm prompt and reminding the position of main leakage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia fuel engine injection system according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a controller; 2. a liquid ammonia tank; 3. a first ammonia flow meter; 4. an engine ammonia gas nozzle; 5. a second ammonia flow meter; 6. a post-treatment nozzle; 7. a liquid level gauge; 8. a first nitrogen oxide sensor; 9. a second nitrogen oxide sensor; 10. an ammonia sensor; 11. a temperature sensor; 12. a three-way valve; 13. a first pressure regulating valve; 14. a surge tank; 15. a gasifier; 16. a liquid ammonia stop valve; 17. an SCR catalyst; 18. an engine; 19. a second pressure regulating valve; 20. a DPF processor; 21. a flow meter.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present application based on the embodiments herein.
The embodiment of the application provides an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine and a leakage diagnosis method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the specific position of ammonia leakage is difficult to distinguish and the leakage quantity is difficult to detect in the related technology.
Referring to fig. 1, an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine comprises:
the first pipeline is connected with the liquid ammonia tank 2, and a liquid level meter 7 is arranged on the liquid ammonia tank 2;
the second pipeline comprises a first ammonia flow meter 3 and an engine ammonia nozzle 4 which are sequentially connected; the first ammonia flow meter 3 is connected with a first pipeline; the engine ammonia nozzle 4 is connected with an engine 18;
the third pipeline comprises a second ammonia flow meter 5 and a post-treatment nozzle 6 which are sequentially connected, and the second ammonia flow meter 5 is connected with the first pipeline; the aftertreatment nozzle 6 is connected with an exhaust aftertreatment system of the engine 18;
a post-treatment detection member for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and outlet of the SCR catalyst 17, and for detecting the ammonia gas and gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst 17;
the controller 1, it is connected with level gauge 7, second pipeline, third pipeline and aftertreatment detection element, and controller 1 is used for controlling the injection of engine ammonia nozzle 4 and aftertreatment nozzle 6 to and utilize level gauge 7, first ammonia flowmeter 3, second ammonia flowmeter 5 and aftertreatment detection element to detect the ammonia and reveal the condition.
Through the above setting, in the injection ammonia fuel in-process, can detect the ammonia of specificity and reveal position and the volume, specifically do: the first pipeline is connected with the liquid ammonia tank 2 provided with the liquid level meter 7, and the second pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and provided with the first ammonia flowmeter 3; the third pipeline is connected with the first pipeline and is provided with a second ammonia flowmeter 5; the controller 1 is in signal connection with the structure, and is also connected with a post-treatment detection piece for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst and detecting the temperature of ammonia gas and gas at the inlet of the SCR catalyst; therefore, the specific ammonia leakage position and leakage amount can be known in the ammonia injection process according to the detection values of the liquid level meter 7, the first ammonia flow meter 3, the second ammonia flow meter 5 and the post-treatment detection part and the setting rules, so that the maintenance can be performed in time, and the personal safety is ensured.
It should be understood that the first ammonia flow meter 3 and the second ammonia flow meter 5 are correspondingly arranged on different pipelines on the original ammonia fuel injection system, and the post-treatment detection member is arranged in the original exhaust gas post-treatment system, so that a new ammonia fuel injection system is formed, and the new ammonia fuel injection system has the ammonia leakage diagnosis function.
In some preferred embodiments, the following settings are provided for the post-treatment detector:
part of the aftertreatment detection element is arranged on the pipeline between the DPF processor 20 and the SCR catalyst 17, and the other part is arranged at the outlet of the SCR catalyst 17, specifically:
the aftertreatment detection element comprises a first nitrogen oxide sensor 8, a second nitrogen oxide sensor 9, an ammonia sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11;
the first nitrogen oxide sensor 8 and the second nitrogen oxide sensor 9 are respectively arranged at an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of the SCR catalyst 17; the aftertreatment nozzle 6 is intended to be arranged on the inlet pipe of the SCR catalyst 17 and closer to the SCR catalyst 17 than the first nitrogen oxide sensor 8; the ammonia sensor 10 and the temperature sensor 11 are arranged on the inlet pipe of the SCR catalyst 17 and upstream of the after-treatment nozzle 6, upstream referring to the exhaust gas flow direction of the engine, upstream of the engine, and downstream of the SCR catalyst 17.
The reason for the above arrangement is: since the ammonia gas can have a part which is not combusted in the engine cylinder, the part is discharged from the tail gas to the aftertreatment system to participate in the reduction of the aftertreatment system; in addition, the part and the ammonia gas sprayed by the post-treatment nozzle 6 jointly act; the first and second nitrogen oxide sensors 8 and 9 can detect the nitrogen oxide concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the SCR catalyst 17, and the ammonia sensor 10 can detect the unburned ammonia amount; and the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst 17. Thereby facilitating the calculation of the leakage of ammonia gas.
Further, the first pipeline comprises a three-way valve 12, a first pressure regulating valve 13, a surge tank 14, a vaporizer 15 and a liquid ammonia stop valve 16 which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the liquid ammonia tank 2 is connected with a liquid ammonia stop valve 16, and the three-way valve 12 is connected with a second pipeline; the three-way valve 12 is connected with a third pipeline through a second pressure regulating valve 19; the controller 1 is connected with the gasifier 15 and the liquid ammonia stop valve 16; the second ammonia flowmeter 5 of the second pipeline is connected with the three-way valve 12 through a second pressure regulating valve 19; the diagnosis system further comprises a flow meter 21, wherein the flow meter 21 is connected with the controller 1 and is used for prompting the leakage position through characters, giving an alarm and flashing and carrying out voice warning.
Wherein, utilize the characteristics that liquid ammonia is convenient for transport and store, store in liquid ammonia jar 2, then utilize vaporizer 15 to gasify into ammonia, be convenient for react and transport in the pipeline. The liquid ammonia is stored in the liquid ammonia tank 2, is decompressed and heated into ammonia through the gasifier 15, and is fed into the engine 18 through the three-way valve 12 to be burnt in the fuel cylinder after passing through the pressure stabilizing tank 14 and the first pressure regulating valve 13, and is fed into the aftertreatment through the three-way valve 12 to be used as an SCR reactant to reduce tail NOx.
The application also provides an ammonia leakage diagnosis method of the ammonia injection system of the ammonia fuel engine, which comprises the following steps:
101. acquiring the change type of the detection value of the liquid level meter 7;
102. if the change type is the liquid level descending change amount, starting one-time diagnosis, and ending the diagnosis until the liquid level descending change amount or the flow rates of the first ammonia flow meter 3 and the second ammonia flow meter 5 reach a preset value; during primary diagnosis, based on detection values of the liquid level meter 7, the first ammonia flow meter 3, the second ammonia flow meter 5 and the post-treatment detection piece, the ammonia leakage condition of the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline is calculated according to a set rule; the level drop change indicates that ammonia fuel is being used during engine operation. Wherein the predetermined value needs to be set according to the needs of the designer.
103. If the change type is the liquid level rising change amount, canceling the diagnosis, and then carrying out continuous detection after filling is completed and in the running process of the engine; the liquid level rise change indicates the filling condition of liquid ammonia.
Through the arrangement, the condition of the ammonia fuel in the using process and the condition of the ammonia fuel in the adding process are distinguished, so that the ammonia leakage diagnosis is convenient. And conditions for each diagnosis and end are fixed.
Further, a detailed explanation is given of how to diagnose using the detected data:
in step 102, the ammonia leakage condition of the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline is calculated according to the set rule, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first pipeline to the first ammonia flow meter 3 and the second ammonia flow meter 5; the second leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first ammonia flow meter 3 to the engine ammonia nozzle 4; the third leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the second ammonia flow meter 5 to the post-treatment nozzle 6; the fourth leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the post-treatment nozzle 6 to the SCR catalyst 17;
1021. calculating a first leakage amount based on detection values of the liquid level meter 7, the first ammonia flow meter 3 and the second ammonia flow meter 5; step 1021 is specifically: acquiring the sum of accumulated flow rates of the first ammonia flow meter 3 and the second ammonia flow meter 5 in one diagnosis time; acquiring the liquid level drop variation of the liquid level meter 7 in one diagnosis time; and obtaining a liquid ammonia discharge amount according to the liquid level drop change amount and the liquid ammonia tank volume, and subtracting the sum of the accumulated flow amounts from the liquid ammonia discharge amount to obtain a first leakage amount.
1022. Calculating a second leakage amount based on the detection value of the first ammonia flow meter 3; step 1022 is specifically: acquiring a first accumulated flow of the first ammonia flowmeter 3 in one diagnosis time; calculating a second cumulative flow rate in one diagnosis time based on the duty ratio of the engine ammonia gas nozzle 4 and the set pressure of the first pressure regulating valve 13; and the first accumulated flow and the second accumulated flow are subjected to difference so as to obtain a second leakage quantity. The flow rate calculated by the duty ratio is the injection quantity which can be calculated by the duty ratio and the pressure set by the pressure regulating valve because the nozzle duty ratio MAP is calibrated according to the pressure set by the pressure regulating valve and the required injection quantity during development.
1023. Calculating a third leakage amount based on the detection value of the second ammonia flow meter 5; step 1023 specifically comprises: acquiring a third accumulated flow of the second ammonia flowmeter 5 in one diagnosis time; calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in one diagnostic time based on the duty ratio of the post-processing nozzle 6 and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve 19; and the third accumulated flow and the fourth accumulated flow are subjected to difference so as to obtain a third leakage amount.
1024. Calculating a fourth leakage amount based on the nitrogen oxide concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst 17 detected by the post-treatment detection piece and the ammonia gas and gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst 17;
step 1024 specifically includes: calculating an unburned ammonia flow rate of the engine based on the ammonia sensor 10 in combination with an exhaust gas flow meter during a diagnostic time;
calculating a nitrogen oxide mass flow difference based on the concentration value of the first nitrogen oxide sensor 8, the concentration value of the second nitrogen oxide sensor 9, and the exhaust gas flow rate in one diagnosis time; the mass flow difference of the nitrogen oxides is the mass flow difference of the NOx at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst 17
Based on the temperature value of the temperature sensor 11 and the exhaust flow in one diagnosis time, obtaining the conversion efficiency of nitrogen oxides, namely inquiring MAP through the inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst 17 and the exhaust flow to obtain the conversion efficiency of NOx; the nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency is related to the inlet temperature of the SCR catalyst 17; then dividing the nitrogen oxide mass flow difference value by the nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency to obtain accumulated ammonia consumption of the SCR catalyst 17 in one diagnosis time;
calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in one diagnostic time based on the duty ratio of the post-processing nozzle 6 and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve 19; wherein the duty cycle may be referred to the previous description; summing the unburned ammonia flow of the engine and the fourth accumulated flow, and subtracting the accumulated ammonia consumption after summing to obtain a fourth leakage.
1025. Summing the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to obtain a total leakage amount; and then obtaining the ratio of the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to the total leakage amount so as to obtain the ammonia leakage condition in one diagnosis time. The leakage locations indicated by the respective duty cycles exceeding the preset duty cycle are the primary leakage locations.
The above procedure is a specific method of diagnosis within a single diagnosis time. The leakage quantity in four dimensions is 25% -100% of the preset ratio in the total leakage quantity.
In some preferred embodiments, after deriving the above four dimensional leak volumes in a single diagnosis, the controller issues different levels of ammonia leak volumes, as well as primary leak location information, in the following manner, specifically as follows:
in order to know the specific ammonia leakage position and leakage amount, and combine different grades of ammonia leakage amount, adopting different grades of alarm prompts and reminding the position of main leakage; performing early warning operation according to the total leakage and the duty ratios and the following rules;
if the total leakage quantity is between the first preset leakage quantity and the second preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp is lightened for a long time; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results; the leakage position represented by the duty ratio exceeding the corresponding preset duty ratio is a main leakage position, and the main leakage position can have a plurality of positions and one position. The leak location indicated by the duty cycle not exceeding the corresponding preset duty cycle is not the primary leak location.
If the total leakage quantity is between the second preset leakage quantity and the third preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results; wherein the leakage position represented by the duty ratio exceeding the corresponding preset duty ratio is a main leakage position, and the main leakage position can be multiple and one position; the leak location indicated by the duty cycle not exceeding the corresponding preset duty cycle is not the primary leak location.
If the total leakage quantity is between the third preset leakage quantity and the fourth preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes and carries out voice warning; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results; wherein the leakage position represented by the duty ratio exceeding the corresponding preset duty ratio is a main leakage position, and the main leakage position can be multiple and one position; the leak location indicated by the duty cycle not exceeding the corresponding preset duty cycle is not the primary leak location.
If the total leakage amount is larger than the fourth preset leakage amount, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes, and the voice prompt is carried out, and after the running accumulated time of the engine exceeds the preset time, the engine torque and the vehicle speed are limited; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results.
The range of the first preset leakage amount, the second preset leakage amount, the third preset leakage amount and the fourth preset leakage amount is 1 kg-200 kg. The first preset time is 10h, and the second preset time is 20h. The torque limiting amplitude of the engine is 50-90%. The speed limit amplitude of the vehicle is 20 km/h-60 km/h.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present application and simplification of the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the application to enable one skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. An ammonia injection system for an ammonia-fueled engine, comprising:
the first pipeline is connected with the liquid ammonia tank (2), and a liquid level meter (7) is arranged on the liquid ammonia tank (2);
the second pipeline comprises a first ammonia flow meter (3) and an engine ammonia nozzle (4) which are connected in sequence; the first ammonia flow meter (3) is connected with the first pipeline;
the third pipeline comprises a second ammonia flow meter (5) and a post-treatment nozzle (6) which are sequentially connected, and the second ammonia flow meter (5) is connected with the first pipeline;
a post-treatment detection member for detecting the concentration of nitrogen oxides at the inlet and outlet of the SCR catalyst (17), and for detecting the ammonia gas and gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst (17);
the controller (1) is connected with the liquid level meter (7), the second pipeline, the third pipeline and the post-treatment detection piece, and the controller (1) is used for controlling the injection of the engine ammonia nozzle (4) and the post-treatment nozzle (6) and detecting the ammonia leakage condition by using the liquid level meter (7), the first ammonia flowmeter (3), the second ammonia flowmeter (5) and the post-treatment detection piece.
2. An ammonia fuel engine ammonia injection system as defined in claim 1 wherein:
the aftertreatment detection element comprises a first nitrogen oxide sensor (8), a second nitrogen oxide sensor (9), an ammonia sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11);
the first nitrogen oxide sensor (8) and the second nitrogen oxide sensor (9) are respectively arranged at an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of the SCR catalyst (17); the aftertreatment nozzle (6) is intended to be arranged on the inlet pipe of the SCR catalyst (17) and to be closer to the SCR catalyst (17) than the first nitrogen oxide sensor (8);
an ammonia sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11) are arranged on the inlet pipe of the SCR catalyst (17) and upstream of the aftertreatment nozzle (6).
3. An ammonia fuel engine ammonia injection system as defined in claim 1 wherein:
the first pipeline comprises a three-way valve (12), a first pressure regulating valve (13), a surge tank (14), a gasifier (15) and a liquid ammonia stop valve (16) which are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the liquid ammonia tank (2) is connected with a liquid ammonia stop valve (16), and the three-way valve (12) is connected with the second pipeline; the three-way valve (12) is connected with a third pipeline through a second pressure regulating valve (19);
the controller (1) is connected with the gasifier (15) and the liquid ammonia stop valve (16).
4. A leak diagnosis method for an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the change type of the detection value of the liquid level meter (7);
if the change type is the liquid level descending change quantity, starting one-time diagnosis, and ending the diagnosis until the liquid level descending change quantity or the flow rates of the first ammonia flowmeter (3) and the second ammonia flowmeter (5) reach a preset value; during primary diagnosis, based on detection values of a liquid level meter (7), a first ammonia flow meter (3), a second ammonia flow meter (5) and a post-treatment detection piece, calculating ammonia leakage conditions of a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline according to a set rule;
and if the change type is the liquid level rising change amount, canceling the diagnosis.
5. The leakage diagnosis method for ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine as defined in claim 4, wherein the ammonia leakage condition of the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline is calculated according to a set rule, comprising the steps of:
calculating a first leakage amount based on detection values of the liquid level meter (7), the first ammonia flow meter (3) and the second ammonia flow meter (5);
calculating a second leakage amount based on the detection value of the first ammonia flow meter (3);
calculating a third leakage amount based on the detection value of the second ammonia flow meter (5);
calculating a fourth leakage amount based on the nitrogen oxide concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst (17) detected by the post-treatment detection piece and the ammonia gas and gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst (17);
summing the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to obtain a total leakage amount; then, the ratio of the first leakage amount, the second leakage amount, the third leakage amount and the fourth leakage amount to the total leakage amount is obtained, so that the ammonia leakage condition in one diagnosis time is obtained;
the first leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first pipeline to the first ammonia flowmeter (3) and the second ammonia flowmeter (5); the second leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the first ammonia flow meter (3) to the ammonia nozzle (4) of the engine; the third leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the second ammonia flow meter (5) to the post-treatment nozzle (6); the fourth leakage amount is the ammonia leakage amount from the post-treatment nozzle (6) to the SCR catalyst (17).
6. A method of diagnosing a leak in an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine as defined in claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
performing early warning operation according to the total leakage and the duty ratios and the following rules;
if the total leakage quantity is between the first preset leakage quantity and the second preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp is lightened for a long time; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage quantity is between the second preset leakage quantity and the third preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage quantity is between the third preset leakage quantity and the fourth preset leakage quantity, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes and carries out voice warning; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results;
if the total leakage amount is larger than the fourth preset leakage amount, the ammonia leakage alarm lamp flashes, and the voice prompt is carried out, and after the running accumulated time of the engine exceeds the preset time, the engine torque and the vehicle speed are limited; comparing the duty ratios with corresponding preset duty ratios respectively, and prompting main leakage positions in a text form according to comparison results.
7. The leakage diagnosis method of an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the first leakage amount is calculated based on detection values of a liquid level meter (7), a first ammonia flow meter (3) and a second ammonia flow meter (5), comprising the steps of:
acquiring the sum of accumulated flow rates of the first ammonia flow meter (3) and the second ammonia flow meter (5) in one diagnosis time;
acquiring the liquid level drop variation of the liquid level meter (7) in one diagnosis time;
and obtaining a liquid ammonia discharge amount according to the liquid level drop change amount and the liquid ammonia tank volume, and subtracting the sum of the accumulated flow amounts from the liquid ammonia discharge amount to obtain the first leakage amount.
8. The leak diagnosis method of an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine as defined in claim 5, wherein the second leak amount is calculated based on the detection value of the first ammonia flow meter (3), comprising the steps of:
acquiring a first accumulated flow of a first ammonia flow meter (3) in one diagnosis time;
calculating a second cumulative flow rate in one diagnosis time based on the duty ratio of the engine ammonia gas nozzle (4) and the set pressure of the first pressure regulating valve (13);
and performing difference on the first accumulated flow and the second accumulated flow to obtain the second leakage amount.
9. The leak diagnosis method of an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine as defined in claim 5, wherein the third leak amount is calculated based on the detection value of the second ammonia flow meter (5), comprising the steps of:
acquiring a third accumulated flow of the second ammonia flowmeter (5) in one diagnosis time;
calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in one diagnostic time based on the duty cycle of the post-treatment nozzle (6) and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve (19);
and performing difference on the third accumulated flow and the fourth accumulated flow to obtain the third leakage amount.
10. A leak diagnostic method for an ammonia injection system of an ammonia fuel engine as defined in claim 5 wherein:
the aftertreatment detection element comprises a first nitrogen oxide sensor (8), a second nitrogen oxide sensor (9), an ammonia sensor (10) and a temperature sensor (11);
based on the nitrogen oxide concentrations at the inlet and the outlet of the SCR catalyst (17) detected by the post-treatment detection piece, and the ammonia gas and the gas temperature at the inlet of the SCR catalyst (17), a fourth leakage amount is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating an unburned ammonia flow rate of the engine based on the ammonia sensor (10) in combination with an exhaust gas flow meter during a diagnostic time;
calculating a nitrogen oxide mass flow difference based on the concentration value of the first nitrogen oxide sensor (8), the concentration value of the second nitrogen oxide sensor (9) and the exhaust gas flow in one diagnosis time; obtaining nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency based on a temperature value of the temperature sensor (11) and an exhaust gas flow rate in one diagnosis time; dividing the nitrogen oxide mass flow difference by the nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency to obtain the accumulated ammonia consumption of the SCR catalyst (17) in one diagnosis time;
calculating a fourth cumulative flow rate in one diagnostic time based on the duty cycle of the post-treatment nozzle (6) and the set pressure of the second pressure regulating valve (19);
summing the unburned ammonia flow of the engine and the fourth accumulated flow, and subtracting the accumulated ammonia consumption after summing to obtain the fourth leakage.
CN202310481314.7A 2023-04-28 2023-04-28 Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof Pending CN116398327A (en)

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CN202310481314.7A CN116398327A (en) 2023-04-28 2023-04-28 Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310481314.7A CN116398327A (en) 2023-04-28 2023-04-28 Ammonia injection system of ammonia fuel engine and leakage diagnosis method thereof

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