CN116397156A - Preparation method of secondary composite porous steel-based material - Google Patents
Preparation method of secondary composite porous steel-based material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116397156A CN116397156A CN202310384749.XA CN202310384749A CN116397156A CN 116397156 A CN116397156 A CN 116397156A CN 202310384749 A CN202310384749 A CN 202310384749A CN 116397156 A CN116397156 A CN 116397156A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004857 zone melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a secondary composite porous steel-based material, and belongs to the technical field of porous metal materials. The steel-based metal rod to be prepared vertically passes through an induction coil and is fixed on a water-cooling base of a vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace is sealed and then vacuumized until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa; charging nitrogen into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.2-1.0 Mpa; after the inflation is finished, uniformly heating the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone to the temperature of 1538-1700 ℃ and preserving heat for melting, and uniformly drawing the steel-based metal rod to pass through the induction coil to finish continuous zone melting; and after the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, taking out to obtain a secondary composite porous steel-based material, wherein columnar air holes in the secondary composite porous steel-based material are directionally arranged along the solidification direction, and spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a secondary composite porous steel-based material, and belongs to the technical field of porous metal materials.
Background
Based on the research on preparing the porous metal material by the directional solidification technology, the porous metal material has the advantages of low density, high specific surface area, excellent energy absorption, good processing performance and the like, and the directional solidification porous metal material has higher strength which is arranged in parallel along the length direction of the air hole compared with the corresponding compact material, and the strengthening mechanism of the porous metal is that the grain size of the directional solidification porous metal is smaller relative to the corresponding compact metal due to the Hall-Petch effect, so that the yield strength of the porous metal is higher. The research shows that when the loading direction of the directional solidification porous metal material is the same as the length direction of the air holes, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the porous metal material are linearly increased along with the increase of the porosity, so that the porous metal material has better mechanical property. In the application aspect of the porous metal material, because the pores in the porous metal are arranged in a cylindrical orientation, the inner walls of the pores are optically rough and have no other attachments, the adsorptivity is good, and meanwhile, the surface area is larger, and the contact area on the material transmission is larger, so that the porous metal material has wide application prospects in aspects of micro-channel heat sink, artificial bones, bearings and catalysis and others.
Because the directional solidification porous metal has structural anisotropic characteristics, when the stress direction is not completely consistent with the growth direction of the air holes, the tensile strength of the porous metal is obviously smaller than the strength parallel to the air holes, and the phenomenon of rapid reduction along with the increase of the porosity exists, which shows that when the stress direction is not consistent with the growth direction of the air holes, obvious stress concentration exists in the porous metal, so that the tensile strength of the porous metal is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the mechanical property of the porous material is reduced when the stress direction is inconsistent with the air hole growth direction in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a secondary composite porous steel-based material, namely spherical air holes are added in a columnar air hole porous steel-based material, and the spherical air holes are smaller in size and uniformly distributed, so that the mechanical property is not limited by the load direction, and the composite porous steel-based material has better mechanical property.
The preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The steel-based metal rod to be prepared vertically passes through the induction coil and is fixed on a water-cooling base of the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace is sealed and then vacuumized until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Charging nitrogen into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.2-1.0 Mpa;
(3) After the inflation is finished, the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone is heated to the temperature of 1538-1700 ℃ at a constant speed and is subjected to heat preservation melting, molten metal is prevented from dripping under the action of electromagnetic force and steel-based metal rod sample support, a melting zone with the height equivalent to that of the induction zone is formed, the steel-based metal rod in the induction zone is completely melted, and then the steel-based metal rod is pulled downwards through the induction coil at a constant speed to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) And after the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the secondary composite porous steel-based material.
The steel-based metal rod in the step (1) is made of pure iron, iron-carbon alloy or stainless steel.
The purity of the nitrogen in the step (2) is 99.99 percent.
The traction speed in the step (3) is 1-100 mm/min.
And (3) in the step (4), columnar air holes in the secondary composite porous steel-based material are arranged in a directional manner along the solidification direction, and spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix.
The preparation principle of the secondary composite porous steel-based material is as follows:
the nitrogen precipitation in zone melting is divided into two parts, wherein the first part, L & gtgamma, is saturated and absorbed by a metal liquid phase in a molten state, the basic nitrogen content in solidification exceeds the saturated nitrogen content in the gamma phase, the supersaturated nitrogen is precipitated by a solidification interface, pores are formed at a proper solidification rate, and the precipitated gas mainly participates in forming columnar pores; the second part is gamma-alpha, along with the continuous reduction of the temperature, the gamma phase is converted into alpha phase, the saturation content of nitrogen in the alpha phase is lower than that of the gamma phase, supersaturated nitrogen is separated out from the gamma phase, at the moment, the metal is solidified, bubbles cannot break through the inhibition growth of gamma austenite to form columnar air holes, and therefore the separated gas forms spherical air holes and is distributed in a matrix; compared with the porous steel-based material with a single columnar pore structure, which has good mechanical properties only along the pore growth direction, the spherical pores in the composite porous steel-based material are not limited by the loading direction, so that the application limit of the columnar pores is made up.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, spherical pores are added in the columnar pore porous steel-based material, and the spherical pores are smaller in size and are uniformly distributed, so that the mechanical properties are not limited by the loading direction, and the composite porous steel-based material has better mechanical properties;
(2) The invention has the advantages of simple and easy operation, low cost and no impurity introduced in the preparation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a columnar air hole of the steel-based porous material of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a columnar air hole of the steel-based porous material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the morphology of the spherical pores of the steel-based porous material of example 1.
Description of the embodiments
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: the preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Polishing the surface of a steel-based metal rod (industrial pure iron rod) by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer, cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, vertically penetrating the pretreated industrial pure iron rod through an induction coil, fixing the induction coil on a water-cooling base of a vacuum induction zone smelting furnace by using a clamp, sealing the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and vacuumizing until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 1.0Mpa; wherein the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99 percent;
(3) After the inflation is finished, the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone is heated to the temperature of 1700 ℃ at a constant speed and is subjected to heat preservation melting, molten metal is prevented from dripping under the action of electromagnetic force and steel-based metal rod sample support, a melting zone with the height equivalent to that of the induction zone is formed, the steel-based metal rod in the induction zone is completely melted, and then the steel-based metal rod is pulled downwards through the induction coil at a constant speed at a pulling rate of 1mm/min to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) After the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and taking out to obtain a secondary composite porous steel-based material;
the cross section of the columnar air hole of the steel-based porous material is shown in fig. 1, the longitudinal section of the columnar air hole of the steel-based porous material is shown in fig. 2, the morphology of the spherical air hole of the steel-based porous material is shown in fig. 3, the diameters of the columnar air holes are concentrated between 500 and 700 mu m, the porosity is 35%, the air holes are arranged in a columnar shape in a directional manner, the inner wall of the air hole is rough, no other attachments exist, the adsorptivity is good, and meanwhile, the surface area is larger, the contact area is larger in material transmission, so that the steel-based porous material has wide application prospects in aspects such as micro-channel heat sinks, artificial bones, bearings, catalysis and the like; the diameter of the spherical air hole is 0.06-1.50 mu m, the porosity is 3%, the spherical air hole has no stress concentration phenomenon when loaded, the mechanical property of the matrix can be enhanced, and the spherical porous material has good performance in the aspects of sound absorption and noise reduction.
Example 2: the preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Polishing the surface of a steel-based metal rod (iron-carbon alloy rod) by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer, cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, vertically penetrating the pretreated iron-carbon alloy rod through an induction coil, fixing the induction coil on a water-cooling base of a vacuum induction zone smelting furnace by a clamp, sealing the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and vacuumizing until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.8Mpa; wherein the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99 percent;
(3) After the inflation is finished, the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone is heated to the temperature of 1650 ℃ at a constant speed and is subjected to heat preservation and melting, molten metal is prevented from dripping under the action of electromagnetic force and steel-based metal rod sample support, a melting zone with the height equivalent to that of the induction zone is formed, the steel-based metal rod in the induction zone is completely melted, and then the steel-based metal rod is pulled downwards through the induction coil at a constant speed at a traction rate of 10mm/min to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) After the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and taking out to obtain a secondary composite porous steel-based material;
in the second-level composite porous steel-based material of the embodiment, columnar air holes are arranged in a directional manner along the solidification direction, spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix, the columnar air holes are mainly concentrated at 550-800 mu m, and the diameter of the spherical air holes is 0.06-0.87 mu m.
Example 3: the preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Polishing the surface of a steel-based metal rod (stainless steel rod with the mark of 430) by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer, cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, vertically penetrating the pretreated stainless steel rod through an induction coil, fixing the induction coil on a water-cooling base of a vacuum induction zone smelting furnace by a clamp, sealing the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and vacuumizing until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.6Mpa; wherein the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99 percent;
(3) After the inflation is finished, the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone is heated to 1600 ℃ at a constant speed and is subjected to heat preservation melting, molten metal is prevented from dripping under the action of electromagnetic force and steel-based metal rod sample support, a melting zone with the height equivalent to that of the induction zone is formed, the steel-based metal rod in the induction zone is completely melted, and then the steel-based metal rod is pulled downwards through the induction coil at a constant speed at a pulling rate of 20mm/min to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) After the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and taking out to obtain a secondary composite porous steel-based material;
in the second-level composite porous steel-based material of the embodiment, columnar air holes are arranged in a directional manner along the solidification direction, spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix, the columnar air holes are mainly concentrated at 700-900 mu m, and the diameter of the spherical air holes is 0.07-0.81 mu m.
Example 4: the preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Polishing the surface of a steel-based metal rod (stainless steel rod with the mark 409) by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer, cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol, drying, vertically penetrating the pretreated stainless steel rod through an induction coil, fixing the induction coil on a water-cooling base of a vacuum induction zone smelting furnace by using a clamp, sealing the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and vacuumizing until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Nitrogen is filled into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.2Mpa; wherein the purity of the nitrogen is 99.99 percent;
(3) After the inflation is finished, the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone is heated to the temperature of 1538 ℃ at a constant speed and is subjected to heat preservation melting, molten metal is prevented from dripping under the action of electromagnetic force and steel-based metal rod sample support, a melting zone with the height equivalent to that of the induction zone is formed, the steel-based metal rod in the induction zone is completely melted, and then the steel-based metal rod is pulled downwards through the induction coil at a constant speed at a pulling rate of 100mm/min to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) After the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and taking out to obtain a secondary composite porous steel-based material;
in the second-level composite porous steel-based material of the embodiment, columnar air holes are arranged in a directional manner along the solidification direction, spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix, the columnar air holes are concentrated at 1800-2100 mu m, and the spherical air holes are 0.06-0.80 mu m.
While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the secondary composite porous steel-based material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) The steel-based metal rod to be prepared vertically passes through the induction coil and is fixed on a water-cooling base of the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace, and the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace is sealed and then vacuumized until the air pressure in the furnace is lower than 5 Pa;
(2) Charging nitrogen into the vacuum induction zone smelting furnace until the pressure of the nitrogen is 0.2-1.0 Mpa;
(3) After the inflation is finished, uniformly heating the steel-based metal rod positioned in the induction zone to the temperature of 1538-1700 ℃ and preserving heat for melting, and uniformly drawing the steel-based metal rod to pass through the induction coil to finish continuous zone melting;
(4) And after the zone smelting is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out to obtain the secondary composite porous steel-based material.
2. The method for preparing the secondary composite porous steel-based material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steel-based metal rod in the step (1) is pure iron, iron-carbon alloy or stainless steel.
3. The method for preparing the secondary composite porous steel-based material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the traction speed is 1-100 mm/min.
4. The method for preparing the secondary composite porous steel-based material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) columnar air holes in the secondary composite porous steel-based material are arranged in a directional manner along the solidification direction, and spherical air holes are uniformly distributed in the steel-based matrix.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2023
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202310384749.XA patent/CN116397156A/en active Pending
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