CN116388239A - Node carbon potential calculation method containing energy storage equipment based on carbon emission flow theory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel method for node carbon potential containing energy storage equipment based on a carbon emission flow theory, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) constructing a carbon emission flow basic topology model (2) containing energy storage equipment to determine the working state of the energy storage equipment, wherein the working state comprises two states of power generation and charging, if the power generation state is taken as a generator set, establishing a carbon flow analysis model to solve each node carbon potential (3) if the energy storage equipment is in a discharging state, the node carbon potential is taken as the generator set, and the node carbon potential is different from the node carbon potential in the charging state because the energy storage process has the problems of charging efficiency and partial energy loss. The invention considers the carbon flow calculation method containing the energy storage equipment, not only ensures conservation of carbon content, but also ensures accurate calculation of carbon potential of each node.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of low-carbon electric power, in particular to a novel method for node carbon potential containing energy storage equipment based on a carbon emission flow theory.
Background
The power industry is used as a main force for energy conservation and emission reduction, so that analysis and measurement and control of carbon emission of a power system are urgently needed, and the method for calculating the electric power carbon emission flow is rapidly developed and applied. At present, carbon flow analysis is mainly performed on the calculation of the carbon emission flow of the electric power system according to tide calculation and an equal proportion principle, so as to obtain the carbon potential of each node, the carbon flow density of the circuit and other related carbon flows.
In the existing research, the calculation is mainly performed on a simple power grid model consisting of only units and loads, the calculation modes neglect the power grid structure containing energy storage equipment, and the calculation modes are not applicable any more along with the establishment of a distributed power supply and the energy storage equipment, so that the analysis and measurement and control of the carbon emission of a power system are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect and deficiency of the prior art and provides a node carbon potential calculation method containing energy storage equipment based on a carbon emission flow theory.
In view of this, the present invention proposes a new method for calculating the node carbon potential of an energy storage device based on the theory of carbon emission flow, comprising the steps of: step 1, constructing a carbon emission flow basic topology model containing energy storage equipment; step 2, determining working states of the energy storage equipment, wherein the working states comprise a power generation state and a charging state, if the power generation state is taken as a generator set, establishing a carbon flow analysis model to solve the carbon potential of each node; and 3, if the energy storage equipment is in a discharging state, the energy storage equipment is regarded as a generator set, and the node carbon potential is different from the node carbon potential in the charging state because the energy storage process has the problems of charging efficiency and partial energy loss. According to the method, the carbon flow calculation method containing the energy storage equipment is considered, so that the conservation of carbon content is ensured, the accurate calculation of the carbon potential of each node is ensured, and the fair and fair allocation of carbon responsibility is ensured.
Specific:
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: establishing a basic topological model of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment, and constructing a calculation problem of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: calculating the carbon potential of the energy storage equipment node in the charging state;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: considering that energy loss exists in the energy storage equipment in a charging state, the carbon content of the carbon node does not change along with the energy loss, taking the energy storage equipment as a generator in a discharging state, and the carbon emission intensity of the node in the discharging state is necessarily different from that of the node in the charging state;
step 3.2: tracking the forward tide;
step 3.3: and calculating the carbon potential of the node in the charged state.
According to the method, the carbon flow calculation method containing the energy storage equipment is considered, so that the conservation of carbon content is ensured, the accurate calculation of the carbon potential of each node is ensured, and the fair and fair allocation of carbon responsibility is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of node carbon potential versus branch carbon flow density for the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an IEEE 14 bus test system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a daily load power diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a charge-discharge power diagram of an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between charging time and carbon emission intensity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of carbon content per unit of electricity per day for an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of energy and carbon content of a 24-hour energy storage device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the node carbon potential of an energy storage device over 24 hours in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For better illustration of the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a novel method for node carbon potential containing energy storage equipment based on carbon emission flow theory, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a carbon emission flow basic topology model containing energy storage equipment;
step 2: determining the working state of energy storage equipment, wherein the working state comprises two states of power generation and charging, if the power generation state is taken as a generator set, establishing a carbon flow analysis model to solve the carbon potential of each node;
step 3: if the energy storage device is in a discharging state, the energy storage device is regarded as a generator set, and the node carbon potential is different from the node carbon potential in the charging state because the energy storage process has the problems of charging efficiency and partial energy loss, and the node potential in the power generation state needs to be recalculated, so that other node carbon potentials are recalculated.
In particular, step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: establishing a basic topological model of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment, and establishing a calculation problem of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment:
the following is an important conclusion in the analysis and calculation of the carbon flow according to the basic thought of trend tracking, and the conclusion reveals the relation between the node carbon potential and the adjacent branch carbon flow density in the carbon flow analysis.
It is assumed that a certain node n and its adjacent branches in the power system are shown in fig. 2.
If the branch sets of the flow inflow and outflow nodes N are N respectively + And N - The active power flows from the i branch inflow node n and the j branch outflow node n are respectively P i And P j (i∈N + 、j∈N - ). As is known from the proportion sharing principle, there is a component of each incoming flow in any branch of the outgoing flow. Let the component of the jth branch in the outflow branch containing the ith branch in the inflow branch be P j.i There is
If slave line i (i.e.N + ) The density of the carbon flow of the active power flow flowing into the node n is ρ i The carbon flow rate of the active power flow of the jth outflow branch is equal to all N + Middle branch to branch j carbon flow rateThe sum of the contributions is expressed as:
thus, the carbon flow density ρ 'of branch j' i (j∈N - ) The method comprises the following steps:
obtained by the formula (1.1)
Substituting formula (1.4) into formula (1.3) to eliminate P j,i Can be obtained
As can be seen from equation (1.5), the carbon flow density of the outgoing current is constant regardless of the branch, given the current and carbon flow density (carbon flow) of all the incoming nodes. It can be seen that: all the carbon flow density of the flow flowing out from the node is equal to the carbon potential of the node. Thus, the node carbon potential related to the carbon emission flow theory is already introduced, and the basic thought of carbon flow calculation is introduced.
Step 2: and determining the working state of the energy storage equipment, wherein the working state comprises two states of power generation and charging, if the power generation state is taken as a generator set, a carbon flow analysis model is established to solve the carbon potential of each node.
In particular, step 2 comprises:
step 2.1: and (3) calculating the carbon potential of the energy storage equipment node in the charging state:
if the energy storage device is in a charged state, it is taken as a load, a system is known to have N nodes, where K nodes have unit injection, M 1 The individual nodes are loaded with M 2 The energy storage devices are in a charged state, which is equivalent to M=M 1 +M 2 Individual loadsThe network topology is known (non-reduced order nodes-branch correlation matrix is known). In order to clearly describe the carbon emission flow of the power system and perform carbon flow analysis, the following matrix needs to be established under the existing power system tide calculation system.
(1) Branch flow distribution matrix
The branch power flow distribution matrix is an N-order square matrix, and P= (P) Bji ) N×N And (3) representing. The purpose of this matrix is to describe the active power flow distribution of the power system, given the boundary conditions of the carbon emission flow distribution from the power network level. The matrix contains both topology information of the power network and distribution information of the steady-state active power flow of the system. The elements in the branch flow distribution matrix are specifically defined as follows.
If there is a branch between node i and node j (i, j=1, 2 … N) and the forward active power flow through this branch from node i to node j is P, then P Bij ＝p，P Bji =0; if the active power flow P flowing through the branch is the reverse power flow, P Bij ＝0P Bji =p; other cases P Bij ＝P Bji =0. In particular, for all diagonal elements, there is P Nii ＝0(i,j＝1,2…N)。
(2) Unit injection distribution matrix
The unit injection distribution matrix is a KXN-order matrix, and P is used G ＝(P Gij ) K×N And (3) representing. The purpose of this matrix is to describe the connection of all the generator sets to the power system and the active power that the sets inject into the system, as well as to facilitate the description of the boundary conditions in the system where the generator sets produce carbon emission streams. The elements in the matrix are specifically defined as follows.
If the kth (k=1, 2 … K) generator set has access to node j and the active power flow injected from the kth node containing the generator into node j is P, then P Gij P, otherwise P Gij ＝0。
(3) Load distribution matrix
The load distribution matrix is M×N order matrix, and P is used L ＝(P Lmj ) M×N And (3) representing. The purpose of defining the matrix is to describe all the electrical loadsConnection relationship with the power system and active load amount to describe boundary conditions of the power consumer's consumed carbon emission stream in the system. The elements in the matrix are specifically defined as follows.
If the node J is the M (m=1, 2 … M) th node with load and the active load is P, then P Lmi P, otherwise P Lmi ＝0。
(4) Node active flux matrix
The node active flux matrix is an N-order diagonal matrix, and P is used N ＝(P Nij ) N×N And (3) representing. According to kirchhoff's current law, the absolute values of all branch currents flowing into and out of any node are equal at any moment, and algebraic sum is equal to 0. Thus, in the trend analysis, the net injection power of any node is 0. However, in the calculation of the carbon flow, the node carbon potential is only affected by the injection tide, and the tide flowing out of the node does not affect the node carbon potential. Thus, the carbon flow calculation is more concerned with considering the "absolute amount" of the active power flow flowing into the node in the direction of the power flow, referred to as the node active flux, than the algebraic sum of the current flowing through the node and the power flow. In trend analysis, this concept is not used and defined. In the calculation of carbon flow, this concept will be used to describe the contribution of the genset to the node and the node to node carbon potential in the system. The elements of the node active flux matrix are specifically defined as follows.
For node I, let I + Representing a set of branches with a flow of current into node i, p Bs The active power of the branch s is
Wherein: p is p Gi For the generator set output of the access node i, if the node has no generator set or the generator set output is 0, otherwise p Gi . All off-diagonal elements P in the matrix Nij ＝0,(i≠j)。
P according to the definition of the above 3 matrices N The i-th row diagonal element of the matrix is equal to P B Matrix sum P G The sum of the elements of the ith column of the matrix.
If let P Z ＝[P B P G ] T It is not difficult to find:
P N ＝diag(ξ N+K P Z ) (1.45)
in xi N+K For an n+k order row vector, all elements in the vector are 1 (hereinafter the same).
The formula shows that when P of the power system B And P G When the matrix is known, P N Can pass through P B And P G The matrix is generated directly.
(5) Carbon emission intensity vector of generator set
Different generator sets have different carbon emission characteristics, which are known conditions in the calculation of carbon flow, and can form a generator set carbon emission intensity vector of the system. Let K (k=1, 2 … K) th set of electric generating set have carbon emission intensity of e Gk The genset carbon emission intensity vector may be expressed as:
E G ＝[e G1 ,e G2 ,e G3 ...e GK ] T (1.46)
(6) Node carbon potential vector
The primary calculation of the power system carbon emission flow targets the carbon potential of all nodes. Let the carbon potential of the i (i=1, 2 … N) th node be e Ni The node carbon potential vector may be expressed as:
E N ＝[e N1 ,e N2 ,...e NN ] T (1.47)
(7) Branch carbon flow rate distribution matrix
After the node carbon potential vector is obtained by calculation, the carbon flow rate of each branch of the system can be further obtained. Thereby defining a branch carbon flow rate distribution matrix as an N-order square matrix, R B ＝(R Bi ) N×N And (3) representing.
The definition of the branch carbon flow rate distribution matrix elements is similar to that of the branch tide distribution matrix. If there is a branch between node i and node j (i, j=1, 2..n), and the forward carbon flow rate from node i to node j through this branch is R, then R Bij ＝R,R Bji =0; if the carbon flow rate R through the branch is reversed, R Bij ＝0,R Bji =r; in other cases R Bij ＝R Bji =0. In particular, for all diagonal elements, there is R Bii ＝0(i＝1,2…N)。
According to the above analysis, there are
R B ＝P B diag(E N ) (1.48)
(8) Load carbon flow rate vector
After the node carbon potential vector is calculated, the node
R L ＝P L E N (1.49)
The electricity consumption carbon emission intensity of the load is equal to the carbon potential of the node. By combining the load distribution matrix, the carbon flow rate corresponding to all loads can be obtained, and the physical meaning is the carbon emission generated per unit time by the load of the power generation side serving as the supply node. For the (m=1, 2 … M) th node with load, the carbon flow rate corresponding to the load is R Lm The load carbon flow rate vector may be expressed as:
R L ＝[R L1 ,R L2 ,...R LM ] T (1.50)
from the above analysis, there are
The carbon potential e of the node i in the system can be obtained by defining the carbon potential of the node Ni The method comprises the following steps:
wherein: ρ s The carbon flow density of branch s.
The physical meaning of the formula is: the carbon potential of node i is determined by the combined action of the carbon emission stream produced by the genset accessing that node and the carbon emission streams flowing into that node from other nodes. Wherein the right-hand molecule of the equal sign and the denominator have the meanings of the contribution of the node i to the carbon emission flow and the tide of the class 2 node. The bypass carbon flow density ρ is dependent on the nature of the carbon emission flow s The carbon potential of the starting end node of the branch can be replaced by the carbon potential of the starting end node of the branch, and the following matrix form is rewritten:
wherein:
is an N-dimensional unit row vector in which the i-th element is 1 (hereinafter the same).
According to the definition of the node active flux matrix, the following can be obtained:
from the formulae (1.14) and (1.15):
due to P N The matrix is a diagonal matrix, and the formula (1.16) is expanded to the dimension of the whole system, so that the following can be obtained:
the carbon potential calculation formula of all nodes of the system can be obtained after finishing is as follows:
the carbon potential of each node can be obtained by constructing a corresponding matrix and utilizing the formula, and the distribution condition of the carbon emission flow in the system can be obtained according to the relation between the carbon potential of the node and the carbon flow rate of the line.
Assuming that the inode is the energy storage device connection node, its carbon potential is therefore:
assuming the state of charge time is from t 1 The carbon content to the t energy storage device is:
wherein p is i The load power that charges node i.
Step 3: carbon potential of energy storage device node in discharge state
Step 3.1: considering that the energy storage device has energy loss in a charging state, the carbon content of the carbon node is not changed along with the energy loss. Furthermore, we use the energy storage device as a generator in the discharged state, so the carbon emission intensity of the node in the discharged state is necessarily different from that of the node in the charged state.
Let node i in the system be the energy storage node and define the following notation.
E i，t : the energy stored by the energy storage node i at the time t;
C i，t : the carbon content of the energy storage node i at the time t;
E i，t-1 : the energy stored by the energy storage node i at the time (the last time) of (t-1);
C i，t-1 : the carbon content of the energy storage node i at the time (the last time) of (t-1);
P in : node charging power corresponding to the charging state;
P out : node discharge power corresponding to the discharge state;
η in : charging efficiency of the energy storage device;
η out : discharge efficiency of the energy storage device;
Δt, the time interval between two calculations;
beta: the loss coefficient beta formula of the energy storage device is as follows:
the state of the energy storage equipment at the moment t is changed from the moment t
Results of analysis of carbon flow in etching System (t-1)
The state of the etching energy storage device jointly determines:
wherein P is in P out ＝0。
Therefore, the node carbon potential in the charged state is:
wherein, deltaC is the variation of unit time, and the calculation formula is as follows:
step 3.2: forward flow tracking
The trend tracking method is a topology analysis method for determining a correspondence between generated power and used power and the number of flows of the generated power and the used power in the power transmission element by tracking the trend of the current flowing through the line. Depending on the object being tracked (generator or load), it can be classified into forward tracking and backward tracking.
Downstream tracking is to start from the generator node and track along the flow direction of the actual power flow, so as to determine the distribution condition of the power output in each load. Downstream tracking may determine how much power the generator is using the line.
Assume that there are n nodes, b branches, s in a grid as shown in FIG. 3Generator, i loads. Let two nodes connected to the jth branch in the network be x, y, and active power is injected from node x, flows to node y after passing through branch j, and makes the following conventions: the branches x-y and the branch j refer to the same branch. P (P) B,x-y,from Representing the active power injected by the node x to the jth branch, P B,x-y,to Representing the active power, P, injected into node y by the jth branch loss,x-y Representing the line loss of branch j.
According to the definition above, the following relationship can be obtained:
P B,x-y,from -P B,x-y,to ＝P B,x-y,loss (1.66)
wherein P is N,i Node active flux, P, representing node i i Representing the active power injected by the generator connected to node i into node 7i,
representing a set of nodes connected to and injecting active power into node i.
Two parameters alpha are defined by j-i ，β j-i ：
α j-i ·P B,j-i,from ＝P B,j-i,to (1.68)
β j-i ·P N,,j ＝P B,j-i,from (1.69)
Wherein P is N,i Representing the active power flux of node j, and at this point node j injects active power into branch i.
Combined (1.7), (1.8), (1.9) to obtain:
i.e.
Or (b)
A 1 P N ＝P G (1.72)
Wherein: p (P) N Active power flux vector for each node, P G The active power vector injected into each generator node of the power grid has the following numerical values:
[P G ] i ＝P G,i (1.73)
note that: when there is no active injection of any generator to node i.
Let A 1 An n×n matrix, wherein the elements are:
obtainable from formula (1.12):
as can be seen from equation (1.14), generator k (k is the generator number and is connected to node j) contributes to node i with the active power flow:
by passing through
The active power of each generator contributing to any node can be known, and the active power of each generator contributing to each branch can be known by KCL, so that the downstream tracking task is completed.
Step 3.4: node carbon potential calculation in charged state
If the energy storage device is in a discharge state, it is regarded as a generator set, and a system is known to have N nodes, K 1 Unit note for each nodeM nodes are loaded with K 2 The energy storage devices are in a charging state, which is equivalent to K=K 1 +K 2 And (5) a unit. At this time, the carbon emission intensity of the generator set is as follows:
according to formula (1.50) and (1.33) can be expressed as:
E N ＝P N E G ′ (0.1)
the system performs a case study. The system is provided with 5 generators, 20 branches and 11 load nodes. And carrying out tide analysis and carbon stream analysis on the system. The test system is shown in fig. 4, in which the distribution and direction of the flow of the branches are marked. Node 3 connects the energy storage device and the photovoltaic generator. The red generator in fig. 4 is configured as a coal-fired unit with high carbon emission intensity. The green generator was set to zero carbon emission unit (solar energy in this study case). The remainder were set as gas turbine generators as shown in table I. The 24-hour load power of the node 3 is shown in fig. 5, and the charge and discharge power of the energy storage device is shown in fig. 6.
TABLE 1 carbon Strength produced by various types of units
| Production type | Carbon potential of unit (kgCO) 2 /kWh)) |
| Coal-fired unit | 0.875 |
| Gas engine set | 0.520 |
| |
0 |
Results of energy storage device state of charge
η in η out The present simulation set the charge efficiency and discharge efficiency to 0.9. Beta was set to 0.99 in this simulation. e, e n The test results are shown in fig. 7, where the carbon emission intensity of the energy storage node 3 is.
According to
Can obtain
(e i ) 10 ＝0.24kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 11 ＝0.18kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 12 ＝0.15kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 13 ＝0.12kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 14 ＝0.04kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 15 ＝0kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 16 ＝0.07kgCO 2 /kwh
(e i ) 17 ＝0.11kgCO 2 /kwh
When the energy storage device is at 10: when 00 starts to charge, the energy storage node approaches to the photovoltaic generator, and the carbon content of the generator is 0. Most of the charged power comes from the photovoltaic generator. Thus, as the charging time increases, the stored energy increases and the carbon content of the storage device increases less. The carbon emission intensity of the energy storage device will decrease according to the definition of the carbon emission intensity. However, after 15 points, the photovoltaic generator cannot generate enough power. At this time, the charging power comes from other non-zero carbon units, and thus the carbon emission intensity of the energy storage node will increase.
Results of discharge problems in energy storage devices
When the energy storage device discharges, we treat it as a load. We focus on how the stored energy of the device in the discharged state and its coupled carbon content varies. Fig. 8 is a graph of carbon content per unit of power during a day, fig. 9 shows the change in power and coupled carbon content of the energy storage device during a day, and fig. 10 shows the change in node carbon potential of the energy storage device during a day.
From these results, we can get some observations as follows.
The carbon content per unit of electricity can be largely divided into two phases: 10:00 to 15:00, the energy storage device is charged, and the charging is mainly from a photovoltaic generator (0 carbon), so that the energy carbon content of the energy storage equipment unit is reduced. After 15 points, the energy storage device is in a power generation state. Its carbon flows along with the electrical energy from the energy storage device into the load. The carbon content thereof is decreasing, but the unit carbon content thereof remains unchanged. The specific electrical Carbon Content (CCPE) gradually increases during the 1-10 points. Mainly because the energy storage device itself is lossy, the power is reduced, the carbon content is not reduced, wherein the CCPE will gradually increase, but not so much.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating the node carbon potential of energy storage equipment based on the theory of carbon emission flow comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a carbon emission flow basic topology model containing energy storage equipment;
step 2: determining the working state of energy storage equipment, wherein the working state comprises two states of power generation and charging, if the power generation state is taken as a generator set, establishing a carbon flow analysis model to solve the carbon potential of each node;
step 3: if the energy storage equipment is in a discharging state, the energy storage equipment is regarded as a generator set, and the problem of charging efficiency and partial energy loss in the energy storage process is solved, so that the node carbon potential is different from that in the charging state, the node potential in the power generation state is required to be recalculated, and then other node carbon potentials are recalculated; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: establishing a basic topological model of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment, and constructing a calculation problem of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: calculating the carbon potential of the energy storage equipment node in the charging state;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: considering that energy loss exists in the energy storage equipment in a charging state, the carbon content of the carbon node does not change along with the energy loss, taking the energy storage equipment as a generator in a discharging state, and the carbon emission intensity of the node in the discharging state is necessarily different from that of the node in the charging state;
step 3.2: tracking the forward tide;
step 3.3: and calculating the carbon potential of the node in the charged state.
2. The method for computing a node carbon potential comprising an energy storage device based on carbon emission flow theory of claim 1,
the step 1.1: the method comprises the following steps of establishing a basic topological model of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment, and establishing a calculation problem specific calculation process of the carbon emission flow containing the energy storage equipment:
a certain node N and adjacent branches in the power system are arranged, so that branch sets of the flow inflow node N and the flow outflow node N are respectively N + And N - The active power flows from the i branch inflow node n and the j branch outflow node n are respectively P i And P j
(i∈N + 、j∈N - ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the As known from the proportion sharing principle, any branch of the outgoing flow has a component of each incoming flow; let the component of the jth branch in the outflow branch containing the ith branch in the inflow branch be P j.i There is
If slave line i (i.e.N + ) The density of the carbon flow of the active power flow flowing into the node n is ρ i The carbon flow rate of the active power flow of the jth outflow branch is equal to all N + The sum of the contributions of the middle branch to the carbon flow rate of branch j is expressed as:
thus, the carbon flow density ρ 'of branch j' i (j∈N - ) The method comprises the following steps:
obtained by the formula (1.1)
Substituting formula (1.4) into formula (1.3) to eliminate P j,i Can be obtained
It can be seen from equation (1.5) that the current and the carbon flow density, i.e. the carbon flow, at all inflow nodes, in a given case, the carbon flow density of the outflow current is independent of the branch, are constant, whereby: all the carbon flow density of the flow flowing out from the node is equal to the carbon potential of the node.
3. The method for calculating the node carbon potential of the energy storage device based on the carbon emission flow theory according to claim 2, wherein,
the step 2.1 is as follows: the specific calculation process of the carbon potential of the energy storage equipment node in the charging state is as follows:
if the energy storage device is in a charged state, the energy storage device is taken as a load, a certain system is known to have N nodes, wherein K nodes are injected by a unit, and M 1 The individual nodes are loaded with M 2 The energy storage devices are in a charged state, which is equivalent to M=M 1 + 2 The load and the network topology structure are known, namely, the node-branch incidence matrix of non-reduced order is known; in order to clearly describe the carbon emission flow of the power system and analyze the carbon flow, the following matrix needs to be established under the existing power flow calculation system of the power system:
2.1.1 Branch tidal current distribution matrix
The branch power flow distribution matrix is an N-order square matrix, and P= (P) Bji ) N×N A representation; the purpose of defining the matrix is to describe the active power flow distribution of the power system, giving boundary conditions of the carbon emission flow distribution from the power network level; the matrix not only contains the topological structure information of the power network, but also contains the distribution information of the steady-state active power flow of the system; the elements in the branch flow distribution matrix are specifically defined as follows:
if a branch is connected between node i and node j (i, j=1, 2..n), and the forward active power flow through this branch from node i to node j is P, then P Bij ＝p，P Bji =0; if the active power flow P flowing through the branch is the reverse power flow, P Bij ＝0P Bji =p; other cases P Bij ＝P Bji =0; for all diagonal elements, there is P Nii ＝0(i，j＝1，2...N)；
2.1.2 Unit injection distribution matrix
The unit injection distribution matrix is a KXN-order matrix, and P is used G ＝(P Gij ) K×N A representation; the purpose of defining the matrix is to describe the connection relation between all generator sets and the power system and the active power injected into the system by the generator sets, and meanwhile, the boundary condition for generating carbon emission flow by the generator sets in the system is convenient to describe; the elements in the matrix are specifically defined as follows:
if the k (k=1,k) generator set access node j, and injecting active power flow P of node j from the kth node containing generator, then P Gij P, otherwise P Gij ＝0；
2.1.3 load distribution matrix
The load distribution matrix is M×N order matrix, and P is used L ＝(P Lmj ) M×N A representation; the purpose of defining the matrix is to describe the connection relation between all the electric loads and the electric power system and the active load quantity so as to describe the boundary condition of the carbon emission flow consumed by the electric power consumer in the system; the elements in the matrix are specifically defined as follows:
if the node J is the M (m=1, 2..m) th node where a load exists, and the active load is P, then P Lmi P, otherwise P Lmi ＝0；
2.1.4 node active flux matrix
The node active flux matrix is an N-order diagonal matrix, and P is used N ＝(P Nij ) N×N A representation; according to kirchhoff current law, the absolute values of all branch currents flowing into and out of any node are equal at any moment, and algebraic sum is equal to 0; thus, in the trend analysis, the net injection power of any node is 0; in the calculation of the carbon flow, the node carbon potential is only affected by the injection tide, and the tide flowing out of the node does not affect the node carbon potential; therefore, compared with algebraic sum of current flowing through the nodes and current, the carbon flow calculation is more focused on considering absolute quantity of active current flowing into the nodes in the current direction, which is called node active flux; in trend analysis, this concept is not used and defined; in the calculation of carbon flow, the contribution of the generator set to the node and the node to the node carbon potential in the system will be described by utilizing the concept; the elements of the node active flux matrix are specifically defined as follows:
for node I, let I + Representing a set of branches with a flow of current into node i, p Bs The active power of the branch s is
Wherein: p is p Gi For the generator set output of the access node i, if the node has no generator set or the generator set output is 0, otherwise p Gi The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the All off-diagonal elements P in the matrix Nij ＝0，(i≠j)；
P according to the definition of the above 3 matrices N The i-th row diagonal element of the matrix is equal to P B Matrix sum P G A sum of elements of an ith column of the matrix;
let P Z ＝[P B P G ] T Then:
P N ＝diag(ξ N+K P Z ) (1.7)
in xi N+K The vector is an N+K-order row vector, and all elements in the vector are 1;
the above formula shows that when P of the power system B And P G When the matrix is known, P N Can pass through P B And P G Directly generating a matrix;
2.1.5 Generator set carbon emission intensity vector
Different generator sets have different carbon emission characteristics, are known conditions in carbon flow calculation, and can form a generator set carbon emission intensity vector of the system; let K (k=1, 2..k) th genset have carbon emission intensity of e Gk The genset carbon emission intensity vector may be expressed as:
E G ＝[e G1 ，e G2 ，e G3 ...e GK ] T (1.8)
2.1.6 node carbon potential vector
The primary calculation target of the carbon emission flow of the electric power system is the carbon potential of all nodes; let the carbon potential of the i (i=1, 2..n.) th node be e Ni The node carbon potential vector may be expressed as:
E N ＝[e N1 ，e N2 ，...e NN ] t (1.9)
2.1.7 Branch carbon flow Rate distribution matrix
After the node carbon potential vector is calculated, the carbon flow rate of each branch of the system can be further obtained; thereby defining a branch carbon flow rate distribution matrix as an N-order square matrix, R B ＝(R Bi ) N×N A representation;
the definition of the branch carbon flow rate distribution matrix elements is similar to that of the branch tide distribution matrix; if there is a branch between node i and node j (i, j=1, 2..n), and the forward carbon flow rate from node i to node j through this branch is R, then R Bij ＝R，R Bji =0; if the carbon flow rate R through the branch is reversed, R Bij ＝0，R Bji =r; in other cases R Bij ＝R Bji =0; for all diagonal elements, there is R Bii ＝0(i＝1，2...N)；
According to the above analysis, there are
R B ＝P B diag(E N )(1.10)
2.1.8 load carbon flow rate vector
After the node carbon potential vector is calculated, the node
R L ＝P L E N (1.11)
The electricity consumption carbon emission intensity of the load is equal to the carbon potential of the node; by combining the load distribution matrix, the carbon flow rate corresponding to all loads can be obtained, and the physical meaning is that the power generation side is the carbon emission quantity generated per unit time of the load of the supply node; for the (m=1, 2 … M) th node with load, the carbon flow rate corresponding to the load is R Lm The load carbon flow rate vector may be expressed as:
R L ＝[R L1 ,R L2 ,...R LM ] T (1.12)
from the above analysis, there are
The carbon potential e of the node i in the system can be obtained by defining the carbon potential of the node Ni The method comprises the following steps:
wherein: ρ s Carbon flow density for branch s;
the carbon potential of the node i is determined by the combined action of the carbon emission flow generated by the generator set connected with the node and the carbon emission flow flowing into the node from other nodes; wherein the right end numerator and denominator of the equal signThe meaning of (a) is the contribution of node i to the carbon emission flow and the tidal flow of the class 2 nodes; the bypass carbon flow density ρ is dependent on the nature of the carbon emission flow s The carbon potential of the starting end node of the branch can be replaced by the carbon potential of the starting end node of the branch, and the following matrix form is rewritten:
wherein:
is an N-dimensional unit row vector, wherein the ith element is 1;
according to the definition of the node active flux matrix, the following can be obtained:
from the formulae (1.14) and (1.15):
due to P N The matrix is a diagonal matrix, and the formula (1.16) is expanded to the dimension of the whole system, so that the following can be obtained:
the carbon potential calculation formula of all nodes of the system can be obtained after finishing is as follows:
the carbon potential of each node can be obtained by constructing a corresponding matrix and utilizing the formula, and the distribution condition of the carbon emission flow in the system can be obtained according to the relation between the carbon potential of the node and the carbon flow rate of the line;
assuming that the inode is the energy storage device connection node, its carbon potential is therefore:
assuming the state of charge time is from t 1 The carbon content to the t energy storage device is:
wherein p is i The load power that charges node i.
4. A method for computing a node carbon potential comprising an energy storage device based on carbon emission flow theory as defined in claim 3,
the step 3.1: considering that energy storage equipment has energy loss in a charging state, the carbon content of a carbon node does not change along with the energy loss, the energy storage equipment is used as a generator in a discharging state, and the specific calculation process that the carbon emission intensity of the node in the discharging state is necessarily different from that of the node in the charging state is as follows:
assume that node i in the system is an energy storage node and defines the following notation:
E i，t : the energy stored by the energy storage node i at the time t;
C i，t : the carbon content of the energy storage node i at the time t;
E i，t-1 : the energy stored by the energy storage node i at the moment (-1);
C i，t-1 : the carbon content of the energy storage node i at (-1) moment;
P in : node charging power corresponding to the charging state;
P out : node discharge power corresponding to the discharge state;
η in : charging efficiency of the energy storage device;
η out : discharge efficiency of the energy storage device;
Δt, the time interval between two calculations;
beta: the loss coefficient beta formula of the energy storage device is as follows:
the state of the energy storage equipment at the moment t is changed from the moment t
Results of analysis of carbon flow in etching System (t-1)
The state of the etching energy storage device jointly determines:
wherein P is in P out ＝0；
The node carbon potential in the charged state is:
wherein, deltaC is the variation of unit time, and the calculation formula is as follows:
5. the method for computing a node carbon potential comprising an energy storage device based on carbon emission flow theory of claim 4,
the step 3.2 is as follows: the following specific calculation process of the forward flow tracking is as follows:
by tracking the tide flowing through the line, the corresponding relation between the generated power and the used power and the quantity of the generated power and the used power flowing through the power transmission element are determined; depending on the generator or load being tracked, it can be divided into forward tracking and reverse tracking;
the downstream tracking is started from the generator node and is performed along the flow direction of the actual power flow, so that the distribution condition of the power supply output in each load is determined; the downstream tracking can determine the degree of use of the line by the generator;
setting n nodes, b branches, s generators and l loads in a power grid; let two nodes connected to the jth branch in the network be x, y, and active power is injected from node x, flows to node y after passing through branch j, and makes the following conventions: the branch x-y and the branch j refer to the same branch; p (P) B，x-y,from Representing the active power injected by the node x to the jth branch, P B，x-y，to Representing the active power, P, injected into node y by the jth branch loss，x-y Representing the line loss of branch j;
according to the definition above, the following relationship can be obtained:
P B，x-y，from -P B，x-y，to ＝P B，x-y，loss (1.28)
wherein P is N，i Node active flux, P, representing node i i Representing the active power injected by the generator connected to node i into node 7i,
representing a node set connected with the node i and injecting active power into the node i;
two parameters alpha are defined by j-i ，β j-i ：
α j-i ·P B，j-i，from ＝P B，j-i，to (1.30)
β j-i ·P N，j ＝P B，j-i，from (1.31)
Wherein P is N，i Representing the active power flux of the node j, and injecting active power into the branch i by the node j at the moment;
combined (1.7), (1.8), (1.9) to obtain:
i.e.
Or (b)
A 1 P N ＝P G (1.34)
Wherein: p (P) N Active power flux vector for each node, P G The active power vector injected into each generator node of the power grid has the following numerical values:
[P G ] i ＝P G,i (1.35)
when no generator has active injection to node i;
let A 1 An n×n matrix, wherein the elements are:
obtainable from formula (1.12):
as can be seen from equation (1.14), the active power flow contributed to node i by generator k is:
wherein k is the generator number and is connected to node j by
The active power of each generator contributing to any node can be known, and then the KCL can know the active power of each generator contributing to each branch, so that the downstream tracking task is completed.
6. The method for computing a node carbon potential comprising an energy storage device based on carbon emission flow theory of claim 5,
the step 3.3: the concrete calculation process of the node carbon potential in the charging state is as follows:
the energy storage device is in a discharge state and is regarded as a generator set, and a system is known to have N nodes, wherein K is 1 The unit injection exists in each node, the load exists in M nodes, and K exists in each node 2 The energy storage devices are in a charging state, which is equivalent to K = 1 + 2 And (5) a unit. At this time, the carbon emission intensity of the generator set is as follows:
E G ′＝[e G1 ,e G2 ,e G3 ...e k1 ,e k2 ,e k3 ...,e GK1 ] T
according to formula (1.12) and (1.33) can be expressed as:
E N ＝P N E G ′(1.38)。
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