CN116383539A - Automatic testing method, device and equipment for Web pages - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet and discloses an automatic testing method, device and equipment for Web pages, which are characterized in that firstly, web page operation scripts are recorded, a Selenium Grid tool container is constructed, a distributed testing environment is deployed, the Web page operation scripts are sent to the distributed testing environment, the Web page operation scripts are executed according to a browser environment, video recording of operation processes is carried out, operation process videos recorded by different nodes are obtained through Hub nodes, screenshot is carried out on the operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to preset time intervals, the screenshot of the same operation of different nodes is compared, the difference between the screenshot is judged, and the compatibility of the Web pages is judged according to the difference. The distributed environment is utilized to effectively improve the testing efficiency and the multiplexing efficiency of the testing script.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of internet technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a device for automatically testing a Web page.
Background
Load Runner is the main performance testing tool at present, and Load Runner contains the function of test script record, and the process is described as follows: the Load Runner is usually used to carry out a virtual user generator tool, after various interaction protocols (Web HTTP, web Services, windows Sockets, etc.) are selected, external tools such as IE are called, after corresponding business operation is completed, recording is finished, and a series of script debugging and optimizing works such as parameterization, association, transaction addition, gathering point addition, etc. are carried out on the initial script.
The performance test in the prior art mainly has the following defects:
1. the compatibility of the Load Runner to partial browser or IE browser versions is insufficient, and the call cannot be successfully completed and a performance test script is generated, so that certain systems cannot use the Load Runner to develop performance test work;
2. the Load Runner script recording is based on a URL request mode, if development and transformation of a new version of a system cause some or a certain request to change, and a tester cannot accurately position a change position, script debugging work becomes very difficult, the situation often causes low script multiplexing rate, re-recording is often needed, and real page operation cannot be observed in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a method, a device and equipment for automatically testing Web pages, which solve the technical problems of low reliability of generating performance test scripts, low script multiplexing rate, low script automatic testing efficiency and waste of development manpower.
According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for automatically testing a Web page, including:
recording a Web page operation script;
constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the Web page operation script is sent to a distributed test environment, and the Web page operation script is executed according to a browser environment, and video recording of an operation process is carried out;
acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
screenshot is carried out on operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided an automated Web page testing apparatus comprising:
the recording module is used for recording Web page operation scripts;
the deployment module is used for constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the recording module is used for sending the Web page operation script to a distributed test environment, executing the Web page operation script according to a browser environment and recording a video in an operation process;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
the screenshot module is used for screenshot the operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
the judging module is used for comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the above-described method for automated testing of Web pages when the computer program is executed by the processor.
According to a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the above-described Web page automation test method.
By means of the technical scheme, the Web page automatic testing method, the device, the equipment and the medium are characterized in that firstly, web page operation scripts are recorded, a Sepnium Grid tool container is constructed to deploy a distributed testing environment, the Web page operation scripts are sent to the distributed testing environment, the Web page operation scripts are executed according to a browser environment, video recording of operation processes is carried out, operation process videos recorded by different nodes are obtained through Hub nodes, screenshot is carried out on operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to preset time intervals, the difference between the screenshot is judged, and compatibility of the Web page is judged according to the difference. The distributed environment is utilized to effectively improve the testing efficiency and the multiplexing efficiency of the testing script.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and may be implemented according to the content of the specification, and in order to make the foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more understandable, the following specific embodiments of the present application are specifically listed below.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an automatic testing method for Web pages provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an automatic testing method for Web pages according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a web page testing process of a different node browser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic flow chart of an SSIM algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an automatic testing device for Web pages according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an automatic testing method for Web pages provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a distributed testing environment is implemented through a K8s container network, fig. 1 includes a HUB Node and a plurality of Node nodes, each Node runs a different container, each container simulates a different operating system and browser version (in the drawing, node 1 operating system and browser are win10+ie11, node 2 operating system and browser are win11+chrome, node 3 operating system and browser are macos+safari, node 4 operating system and browser are linux+firefex, node 5 operating system and browser are IOS, android and browser), a Zalenium is deployed in the container, zalenium is an extension of a selium Grid, it uses a dock-Selenium to locally run tests based on FireFox and Chrome, the method comprises the steps of recording a Web page operation script, constructing a Sepnium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, sending the Web page operation script to the distributed test environment, executing the Web page operation script according to a browser environment, recording videos of operation processes, acquiring the videos of operation processes recorded by different nodes through HUB nodes, capturing the videos of the operation processes of the same operation of different nodes according to preset time intervals, comparing the captures of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the captures, and judging the compatibility of the Web pages according to the difference. The distributed environment is utilized to effectively improve the testing efficiency and the multiplexing efficiency of the testing script.
Example 1
In order to describe more clearly a Web page automation test method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
the operation process real-time monitoring picture recorded by two different nodes of Zalenium is shown in fig. 3, and the test operation picture under different environments can be checked and compared in a mode of multiple split screens and split pictures at the same time, so that great convenience is provided for testing.
204, acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
and 206, comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
carrying out automatic test script recording of the page locally by using the UI Recorder; alternatively, automated test script recording of pages is performed locally using a Selenium IDE.
And (5) recording an automatic test script of the page locally by using the UI Recorder. The UI recoder is utilized to record the automatic test script of the page locally, and the UI recoder can record the script of a single page according to the URL and has natural advantages in the aspect of page element reading, so that the UI recoder is utilized to record the automatic test script of the page locally, the problem of difficult page element grabbing can be solved, and the whole process can be cut, so that the user is more focused on automatic verification of a certain functional point. In this step, when the UI Recorder is used to record the automation test script of the page locally, the UI Recorder needs to be installed locally first, then the whole flow to be tested is cut into a plurality of pages, finally the URL of each page is input in the browser, and the test script of the corresponding page is recorded by using the UI Recorder.
In addition, the Selenium IDE (Integrated development Environment) can be utilized in the step to be an open source Web automation testing tool under the Selenium Suite. Unlike Selenium WebDriver and RC, it does not require any programming logic to write its test scripts, but only records interactions with the browser to create test cases.
After step 201, it includes:
step 201-1, reading specific YMAL configuration files according to different browser versions, and generating different Webdriver instances to realize multi-scenario test instances. In order to realize the alignment of each operation after the step, a sleep delay function with preset time length can be added among different operations.
step 202-1, configuring a test environment container image of a Selenium Grid tool based on a Docker container;
step 202-2, deploying and starting a Selenium Grid tool container at a plurality of nodes according to the test environment container image;
when a zalenium tool is built based on a dock (a dock file is generated based on a dock container configuration Selenium Grid) to deploy a distributed test environment, a test environment container mirror image of the Selenium Grid tool needs to be configured based on the dock, then a dock-composition up-d execution command is executed to complete deployment of the distributed environment, and hub nodes and node nodes in the Selenium Grid tool are started.
Step 202-3, launching the Selenium Grid tool container to deploy the distributed test environment.
Step 203 may specifically include:
step 203-1, sending a client command to browsers of different containers in a distributed test environment;
and 203-2, remotely controlling browsers of different containers to execute Web page operation scripts according to the remote browser environment, and recording videos in the operation process.
According to the automatic testing method for the Web page, firstly, a Web page operation script is recorded, a Selenium Grid tool container is constructed to deploy a distributed testing environment, the Web page operation script is sent to the distributed testing environment, the Web page operation script is executed according to a browser environment, video recording of operation processes is carried out, operation process videos recorded by different nodes are obtained through Hub nodes, screenshot is carried out on the operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to preset time intervals, the screenshot of the same operation of different nodes is compared, the difference among the screenshot is judged, and the compatibility of the Web page is judged according to the difference. The distributed environment is utilized to effectively improve the testing efficiency and the multiplexing efficiency of the testing script.
Example two
In step 206 of the first embodiment of the present invention, the same operation of different nodes needs to be compared, the difference between the screenshots is determined, the compatibility of the Web page is determined according to the difference, and the degree of automation is determined by the difference ratio accuracy, so as to improve the difference ratio accuracy, and reduce the difference influence caused by different test environments, test browsers, and the like.
With respect to a method for automatically testing a Web page in the first embodiment, step 206 may specifically include:
206-1, comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes according to a SSIM (Structure Similarity Index Measure) structural similarity algorithm, and judging the difference between the screenshots;
and 206-2, generating an error alarm when the structural similarity index calculated by the SSIM algorithm is greater than a preset threshold value.
Wherein, the picture distribution is represented by a vector, and the picture one is represented as x= { x i I=1, 2,..m }, picture two is denoted y= { y i I=1, 2,..m }, the SSIM algorithm compares in three aspects of brightness l (x, y), contrast c (x, y), and structure s (xy), respectively, l (x, y) compares the brightness of x and y, c (x, y) compares the contrast of x and y, s (x, y) compares the structure of x and y, wherein, for example, 8 x 8 pixels may be used as a comparison unit, and the evaluation index SSIM in this embodiment is equal to the following formula:
wherein C is 1 And C 2 Is a very small integer to place the denominator zero or approach zero, mu x Sum mu y Is the brightness average value sigma of two images x Sum sigma y Standard deviation, sigma xy Is covariance.
In order to consider the compatibility of the browser in this embodiment, the consideration of brightness and contrast can be reduced, the weight in terms of structure is improved, the parameters of the SSIM algorithm are optimized, and after normalization of brightness and contrast is performed on the screenshot, the difference detection is performed, so that the interference caused by the contrast and brightness can be reduced, as shown in fig. 4, including:
step 401, obtaining an original screenshot;
the obtained browser test screenshot is a three-channel RGB picture, which is converted into a gray scale image for calculating the structural similarity, and the weighted average method in the embodiment adopts gray scale processing.
Step 402, removing noise;
the purpose of noise removal is to smooth the image, preserving its target features as much as possible. Common processing methods include mean filtering, bilateral filtering, gaussian filtering, and the like. The Gaussian filtering is linear smoothing filtering, in the embodiment, two-dimensional Gaussian smoothing checking images with standard deviation of 0.5 are used for filtering, the Gaussian filtering processing can reduce the sharpness of the images, the color defects of rendered pages and the local color differences of the pages of different browsers or headless browsers are reduced, the difference between screenshot positions and screenshot ranges is reduced, and the accuracy of analysis is improved.
Step 403, normalizing an image matrix;
wherein, the weighted average is carried out on the whole image, so that the problem of picture quality can be improved
Step 404, traversing calculation and data processing;
and reading the screenshot of the browser page into a program, and processing to obtain a required image matrix. For example, traversing a window of 16 x 16 pixels results in parameters such as mean, variance, etc. for each window.
Step 405, structural similarity matrix calculation
And calculating to obtain local SSIM indexes of each window, and generating a structural similarity matrix.
Step 406, weighted mean calculation
And weighting and averaging the whole structure similarity matrix.
Step 407, judging the difference between the screenshots according to the evaluation index.
The difference is obvious when the SSIM value (the higher the similarity of the two pictures is, the larger the value) of the evaluation index is larger than a preset threshold value, and optionally, the value of the evaluation index can be graded, so that the difference degree is graded, different compatible difference levels are defined, and different test result alarms are generated.
Further, as a specific implementation of the method of fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an automatic testing device for a Web page, as shown in fig. 5, where the device includes:
a recording module 510, configured to record a Web page operation script;
a deployment module 520, configured to construct a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, where the distributed test environment includes Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the recording module 530 is configured to send the Web page operation script to a distributed test environment, execute the Web page operation script according to a browser environment, and record a video in an operation process;
the acquiring module 540 is configured to acquire operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
the screenshot module 550 is configured to screenshot operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
and the judging module 560 is used for comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
According to the automatic testing device for the Web page, a Web page operation script is recorded, a Selenium Grid tool container is constructed to deploy a distributed testing environment, the Web page operation script is sent to the distributed testing environment, the Web page operation script is executed according to a browser environment, video recording of operation processes is carried out, video recording of the operation processes is carried out through Hub nodes, screenshot is carried out on the video of the operation processes of the same operation of different nodes according to preset time intervals, the screenshot of the same operation of different nodes is compared, the difference between the screenshots is judged, and the compatibility of the Web page is judged according to the difference. The distributed environment is utilized to effectively improve the testing efficiency and the multiplexing efficiency of the testing script.
The embodiment of the application provides a computer device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the following steps when executing the computer program:
recording a Web page operation script;
constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the Web page operation script is sent to a distributed test environment, the Web page operation script is executed according to the browser environment, and video recording of an operation process is carried out;
acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
screenshot is carried out on operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
In an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
recording a Web page operation script;
constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the Web page operation script is sent to a distributed test environment, the Web page operation script is executed according to the browser environment, and video recording of an operation process is carried out;
acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
screenshot is carried out on operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
It should be noted that, the functions or steps implemented by the computer readable storage medium or the computer device may correspond to the relevant descriptions of the server side and the client side in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein for avoiding repetition.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed, may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the various embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automated testing method for Web pages, comprising:
recording a Web page operation script;
constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the Web page operation script is sent to a distributed test environment, and the Web page operation script is executed according to a browser environment, and video recording of an operation process is carried out;
acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
screenshot is carried out on operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of recording Web page operation scripts comprises:
carrying out automatic test script recording of the page locally by using the UI Recorder; alternatively, automated test script recording of pages is performed locally using the selenium ide.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein after the step of recording the Web page operation script, comprising:
and reading the specific YMAL configuration file according to different browser versions, and generating different Webdriver instances to realize the multi-scene test instance.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment comprises:
configuring a test environment container image of a Selenium Grid tool based on a Docker container;
deploying and starting a Selenium Grid tool container at a plurality of nodes according to the test environment container image;
the Selenium Grid tool container is launched to deploy the distributed test environment.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots, and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference comprises:
comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes according to an SSIM structure similarity algorithm, and judging the difference between the screenshots;
and when the structural similarity index calculated by the SSIM algorithm is larger than a preset threshold value, generating an error alarm.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein after the step of reading the specific YMAL configuration file according to different browser versions to generate different Webdriver instances to implement the multi-scenario test instance, the method further comprises:
a delay function of a preset length of time may be added between different operations.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of sending the Web page operation script to a distributed test environment, executing the Web page operation script according to a browser environment, and performing video recording of an operation process comprises:
sending the client command to browsers of different containers in a distributed test environment;
and according to the remote browser environment, remotely controlling the browsers of different containers to execute Web page operation scripts, and recording videos in the operation process.
8. An automated Web page testing apparatus, comprising:
the recording module is used for recording Web page operation scripts;
the deployment module is used for constructing a Selenium Grid tool container to deploy a distributed test environment, wherein the distributed test environment comprises Hub nodes and Node nodes;
the recording module is used for sending the Web page operation script to a distributed test environment, executing the Web page operation script according to a browser environment and recording a video in an operation process;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring operation process videos recorded by different nodes through Hub nodes;
the screenshot module is used for screenshot the operation process videos of the same operation of different nodes according to a preset time interval;
the judging module is used for comparing the screenshots of the same operation of different nodes, judging the difference between the screenshots and judging the compatibility of the Web page according to the difference.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the Web page automated test method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when the computer program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the Web page automation test method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116881175A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-10-13 | 中科方德软件有限公司 | Application compatibility evaluation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116881175A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-10-13 | 中科方德软件有限公司 | Application compatibility evaluation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116881175B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-21 | 中科方德软件有限公司 | Application compatibility evaluation method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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