CN116381643A - Anti-deception quantum laser radar and processing method - Google Patents
Anti-deception quantum laser radar and processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser radars, and discloses an anti-deception quantum laser radar which comprises a laser LD, a first beam splitter BS1, a pulse generation module, a Gaussian modulation module, an adjustable optical attenuator VOA, a circulator CIR, a telescope, a coherent detection module, a data acquisition module, a control processing module and a quantum random number generator. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the Gaussian modulated coherent state is used for detecting the target, and whether the target is deceptive interference can be detected without using an entanglement source. And the signal does not need to be attenuated to be far smaller than 1 photon per pulse, so that the echo signal is stronger, a single photon detector is not needed, and the method can be applied to anti-interference imaging. In addition, the invention can be realized by utilizing the existing mature optical communication device, and has higher stability and practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to an anti-deception quantum laser radar and a processing method thereof.
Background
Radar plays a very important role in the fields of military, civil aviation, automatic driving and the like, and corresponding radar countermeasure technology is also continuously advancing. Common radar countermeasure technologies include fraud, suppression of interference, etc., which are difficult to combat with conventional radar systems. The laser radar adopts pseudo-random phase modulation, code division multiple access or chaotic laser and other technologies, and can greatly improve the detection precision and the noise interference resistance. However, as the classical signal is used, the complete information of the laser radar signal can be obtained by intercepting the retransmission, so that the deception jamming of the laser radar is realized.
Quantum radar uses the characteristics of quantum states, including entanglement characteristics, single photon characteristics, etc., to detect fraud. Such as those described in literature m.malik, et al Secure quantum LIDAR, frontiers in optics Optica Publishing Group, 2012, fm3c.3, and Wang Q, et al Pseudorandom modulation quantum secured lidar, optik, 2015, 126 (22): 3344-3348. Attempts to intercept, measure and retransmit the quantum states, if the target intercepts the quantum states, attempts to fool the same, result in a higher bit error rate at the receiving end, and are found. However, this solution has a number of problems, such as requiring weak pulses with an average photon number far less than 1 (e.g. 0.1 as the average photon number of a single pulse) as the detection signal, and the transmission loss and scattering due to the large free space severely limit the working distance; in addition, the scattering of the photon by the target can cause larger change of the polarization state, so that the system has larger background error code when no interference exists, and the error code caused by deception interference can be larger than the error code when serious, thereby causing the system to not work normally. As for the quantum radar adopting the entangled quantum state, the brightness of the entangled source is difficult to meet the requirement, and the preparation difficulty is high, so that the quantum radar has no practicability at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an anti-deception quantum laser radar and a processing method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an anti-fraud quantum lidar, comprising:
a laser LD for generating a continuous laser signal;
a first beam splitter BS1 for splitting a laser signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the pulse generation module is used for chopping the first optical signal to generate an optical pulse signal with a preset half-width and a preset period;
the Gaussian modulation module is used for randomly modulating the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal so that the two components meet the same Gaussian distribution with the average value of 0;
the adjustable optical attenuator VOA is used for attenuating the Gaussian-modulated optical pulse signal to a preset intensity to generate a quantum state signal;
a telescope for transmitting a quantum state signal to a target and for receiving an echo quantum state signal reflected from the target;
the circulator CIR is used for transmitting quantum state signals emitted from the adjustable optical attenuator VOA to the telescope and transmitting echo quantum state signals received from the telescope to one input port of the coherent detection module;
the data acquisition module is used for data acquisition;
the coherent detection module is used for taking a second optical signal incident from the other input port as local oscillation light, carrying out coherent balance detection on the echo quantum state signal and outputting a detection result to the data acquisition module;
the quantum random number generator is used for generating true random numbers and determining the phase and the amplitude modulated by the Gaussian modulation module;
the control processing module is used for receiving the true random number generated by the quantum random number generator, the driving control pulse generation module and the Gaussian modulation module, and processing the signals acquired by the data acquisition module to range the target and judge whether the target has deception interference.
Preferably, the gaussian modulation module comprises an amplitude modulator AM for modulating the amplitude of the optical pulse signal to satisfy the rayleigh distribution, and a first phase modulator PM1 for modulating the phase of the optical pulse signal to satisfy the uniform distribution.
Preferably, the gaussian modulation module includes a second beam splitter BS2 and a second phase modulator PM2, where two output ports of the second beam splitter BS2 are connected to two ends of the second phase modulator PM2 through polarization maintaining fibers with different lengths, so as to form a first sagnac loop.
Preferably, the gaussian modulation module is an IQ modulator IQM.
Preferably, the coherent detection module is a high sensitivity balanced detector that reaches the shot noise limit.
Preferably, the coherent detection module includes a third phase modulator PM3, a third beam splitter BS3, a first photodetector PD1 and a second photodetector PD2, where the third phase modulator PM3 is configured to randomly modulate the phase of the second optical signal to 0 or pi/2, the third beam splitter BS3 is configured to interfere the echo quantum state signal with the phase modulated second optical signal, and the third beam splitter BS3, the first photodetector PD1 and the second photodetector PD2 form a balanced homodyne detector.
Preferably, the coherent detection module is a heterodyne balanced detector, and includes a fourth beam splitter BS4, a fifth beam splitter BS5, a sixth beam splitter BS6, a seventh beam splitter BS7, a third photo detector PD3, a fourth photo detector PD4, a fifth photo detector PD5, and a sixth photo detector PD6, where the fourth beam splitter BS4 and the fifth beam splitter BS5 are respectively configured to split an echo quantum state signal and a second optical signal; the sixth beam splitter BS6 is configured to interfere one component of the echo quantum state signal with one component of the second optical signal; the seventh beam splitter BS7 is configured to interfere another component of the echo quantum state signal with another component of the second optical signal; the other component of the second optical signal passes through a pi/2 phaser.
Preferably, the pulse generating module is an intensity modulator IM.
Preferably, the pulse generating module includes an eighth beam splitter BS8 and a fourth phase modulator PM4, where two output ports of the eighth beam splitter BS8 are connected to two ends of the fourth phase modulator PM4 through polarization maintaining fibers with different lengths, so as to form a second sagnac loop.
Preferably, the wavelength of the continuous laser signal is in the near infrared communication band.
Preferably, a band-pass filter and a polarization controller are further arranged between the circulator CIR and the coherent detection module, and the band-pass filter is used for filtering background noise such as stray light; the polarization controller is used for adjusting the polarization state of the echo quantum state signal to be consistent with the polarization state of the second optical signal.
The invention also discloses a spoofing-preventing quantum laser radar processing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: splitting a continuous laser signal generated by a laser into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
s2: modulating the first optical signal into a narrow pulse optical signal, performing Gaussian modulation, generating a quantum state signal, and recording an emission quantum state sequence;
s3: transmitting the quantum state signal to a target object;
s4: collecting echo quantum state signals reflected from a target object, carrying out coherent measurement on the echo quantum state signals and a second optical signal serving as local oscillation light, and recording a receiving measurement sequence;
s5: and processing the transmitting quantum state sequence and the receiving measurement sequence by using a preset method, obtaining the distance information of the target, and judging whether the target has deception interference or not.
Preferably, the predetermined method for processing the transmitted quantum state sequence and the received measurement sequence includes a shift correlation operation for ranging and an interference detection method.
Preferably, the shift-related operation comprises the steps of:
c1: selecting a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as a ranging sequence;
c2: performing cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequence and the received measuring sequence bit by bit to obtain a cross-correlation value during each movement;
and C3: when the cross-correlation value reaches the peak value, the receiving and transmitting sequences are indicated to be in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding target distance is obtained through the number of the moved bits.
Preferably, the interference detection method includes the steps of:
e1: according to the ranging result, making all the receiving and transmitting sequences correspond to each other one by one, and calculating the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency;
e2: estimating maximum likelihood estimation of noise variance of a receiving measurement sequence, calculating corresponding variance, and obtaining over-noise variance;
e3: comparing the obtained excessive noise variance with an excessive noise threshold set by a system, and if the excessive noise variance is larger than the threshold, indicating that the target has deception jamming; otherwise no fraud is present.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an anti-deception quantum laser radar and a processing method, which use a Gaussian modulated coherent state to detect a target, and can detect whether the target has deception interference without using an entanglement source. And the signal does not need to be attenuated to be far smaller than 1 photon per pulse, so that the echo signal is stronger, a single photon detector is not needed, and the method can be applied to anti-interference imaging. In addition, the invention can be realized by utilizing the existing mature optical communication device, and has higher stability and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an anti-spoofing quantum lidar of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of an anti-spoofing quantum lidar of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of an anti-spoofing quantum lidar of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a third embodiment of the anti-spoofing quantum lidar of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, the anti-fraud quantum laser radar comprises a laser LD, a first beam splitter BS1, a pulse generation module, a gaussian modulation module, a tunable optical attenuator VOA, a circulator CIR, a telescope, a coherent detection module, a data acquisition module, a control processing module and a quantum random number generator;
the laser LD is used for generating a continuous laser signal;
the first beam splitter BS1 is configured to split a laser signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the pulse generation module is used for chopping the first optical signal to generate an optical pulse signal with a preset half-width and a preset period;
the Gaussian modulation module is used for randomly modulating the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal so that the two components meet the same Gaussian distribution with the average value of 0;
the adjustable optical attenuator VOA is used for attenuating the Gaussian-modulated optical pulse signal to a preset intensity to generate a quantum state signal;
the telescope is used for transmitting quantum state signals to the target and receiving echo quantum state signals reflected from the target;
the circulator CIR is used for transmitting quantum state signals emitted from the adjustable optical attenuator VOA to the telescope and transmitting echo quantum state signals received from the telescope to one input port of the coherent detection module;
the coherent detection module is used for carrying out coherent balance detection on the echo quantum state signal by taking a second optical signal incident from the other input port as local oscillation light, and outputting a detection result to the data acquisition module;
the quantum random number generator is used for generating true random numbers and determining the phase and amplitude modulated by the Gaussian modulation module;
the control processing module is used for receiving the true random number generated by the quantum random number generator, the driving control pulse generation module and the Gaussian modulation module, and processing the signals acquired by the data acquisition module to range the target and judge whether the target has deception interference.
The coherent detection module is a high-sensitivity balanced detector reaching the limit of shot noise, and the wavelength of the continuous laser signal is in a near infrared communication band.
The specific working process is as follows:
the laser generates a continuous laser signal, and the continuous laser signal is first split into a first optical signal and a second optical signal by a first beam splitter BS1, wherein the first optical signal is modulated into an optical pulse signal with a certain period by a pulse generating module driven by a control processing module, and then enters a gaussian modulating module to be subjected to gaussian modulation. The Gaussian modulation module is driven by the control processing module, and the random numbers in Gaussian distribution come from the quantum random number generator, so that the randomness of the codes is ensured. After Gaussian modulation, the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal meet the same Gaussian distribution with the average value of 0, and the optical pulse signal is recorded as an emission quantum state sequence. Then, the optical pulse signal is attenuated to a preset intensity by the adjustable optical attenuator VOA, gaussian quantum state signal is output, the Gaussian quantum state signal reaches the telescope by the circulator CIR, and the optical pulse signal is expanded and then transmitted to a target object.
The quantum state signal is reflected by the target object and returns to the telescope, namely the echo quantum state signal, reaches one input port of the coherent detection module through the circulator CIR, and the second optical signal is used as local oscillation light to enter the other input port of the coherent detection module, and is balanced and detected after interference, and the detection result is output to the data acquisition module, and finally enters the control processing module to be recorded as a receiving measurement sequence.
The control processing module selects a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as ranging sequences, and then performs cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequences and the received measuring sequences in a bit-by-bit manner to obtain cross-correlation values during each movement. When the cross correlation value reaches the peak value, the receiving and transmitting sequences are indicated to correspond one by one, and the corresponding target distance can be obtained through the number of the moved bits, so that the ranging function is realized.
The control processing module selects all receiving and transmitting sequences to be in one-to-one correspondence according to the ranging result, calculates the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency, then estimates the maximum likelihood estimation of the noise variance of the receiving and measuring sequence, calculates the corresponding variance, and obtains the over-noise variance.
Since the coherence state is the smallest uncertainty state, the variances of both the X and P components are equal to the vacuum shot noise. The target intercepts and retransmits the transmitted quantum state signal to generate a forged quantum state to deceptively interfere the laser radar. The target adopts heterodyne detection to measure the quantum state, namely, the X component and the P component of the coherent state are measured at the same time, and measurement noise is introduced. After the quantum state prepared according to the measurement result is detected by a receiver of the laser radar, certain excessive noise is introduced. The receiver over-noise is typically much less than 1, while the introduced over-noise is typically greater than 2. Thus, when the target attempts to fool the lidar by intercepting the replay attack, the jamming behavior can be easily detected by estimating the system's over-noise. The over-noise threshold value can be set, the obtained over-noise variance is compared with the over-noise threshold value, and if the over-noise variance is larger than the threshold value, the target is indicated to have deceptive interference; otherwise no fraud is present.
As shown in fig. 2, in a first embodiment of the present invention:
the structure of the anti-deception quantum laser radar is as follows: the pulse generation module is an intensity modulator IM.
The Gaussian modulation module comprises an amplitude modulator AM and a first phase modulator PM1, wherein the amplitude modulator AM is used for modulating the amplitude of the optical pulse signal to enable the amplitude of the optical pulse signal to meet Rayleigh distribution, and the first phase modulator PM1 is used for modulating the phase of the optical pulse signal to enable the phase of the optical pulse signal to meet uniform distribution.
The coherent detection module comprises a third phase modulator PM3, a third beam splitter BS3, a first photoelectric detector PD1 and a second photoelectric detector PD2, wherein the third phase modulator PM3 is used for randomly modulating the phase of the second optical signal to be 0 or pi/2, the third beam splitter BS3 is used for enabling the echo quantum state signal to interfere with the phase modulated second optical signal, and the third beam splitter BS3, the first photoelectric detector PD1 and the second photoelectric detector PD2 form a balanced homodyne detector.
A specific working procedure of the embodiment is as follows:
the laser generates a continuous laser signal which is first split into a first optical signal and a second optical signal by means of a first beam splitter BS1, wherein the first optical signal is modulated into an optical pulse signal with a certain period by means of an intensity modulator IM driven by a control processing module. The optical pulse signal enters an amplitude modulator AM for amplitude modulation, so that the amplitude A of the optical pulse signal accords with Rayleigh distribution. Then, the phase modulation is performed by the first phase modulator PM1 so that the phase θ thereof conforms to the uniform distribution. AM and PM1 are driven by a control processing module, and random numbers come from a quantum random number generator, so that the randomness of the codes is ensured. After Gaussian modulation, the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal meet the same Gaussian distribution with the mean value of 0 and the variance of V, and the Gaussian distribution is recorded as an emission quantum state sequence. Then, the optical pulse signal is attenuated to a preset intensity by the adjustable optical attenuator VOA, gaussian quantum state signal is output, the Gaussian quantum state signal reaches the telescope by the circulator CIR, and the optical pulse signal is expanded and then transmitted to a target object. The X component and the P component of the telescope emergent quantum state can be written as respectively
The quantum state signal is reflected by the target object and returns to the telescope, namely the echo quantum state signal, reaches one input port of the coherent detection module through the circulator CIR, and the second optical signal enters the other input port of the coherent detection module as local oscillation light, and performs balanced detection after interference. When the phase of the second optical signal modulated by the third phase modulator PM3 is 0, the X component of the echo quantum state signal is measured; when the third phase modulator PM3 modulates the phase of the second optical signal to pi/2, the P component of the echo quantum state signal is measured. And outputting the detection result to a data acquisition module, and finally entering a control processing module to record as a receiving measurement sequence.
The measurement of echo quantum states can be expressed as
Wherein eta is the total transmission efficiency of the quantum state, including the transmittance of free space, scattering and the reflectivity of the target,
gaussian noise with average value of 0 in the X component and P component measurements, respectively.
The control processing module selects a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as ranging sequences, and then performs cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequences and the received measuring sequences in a bit-by-bit manner to obtain cross-correlation values during each movement. When the receiving and transmitting sequences do not correspond, the cross correlation theoretical value is 0 because the signals are mutually independent and are mutually independent from noise. When the receiving and transmitting sequences are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross-correlation value is
Namely, the peak value is reached, and the corresponding target distance can be obtained through the number of the moved bits, so that the ranging function is realized.
The control processing module selects all receiving and transmitting sequences to be in one-to-one correspondence according to the ranging result, calculates the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency, then estimates the maximum likelihood estimation of the noise variance of the receiving and measuring sequence, calculates the corresponding variance, and obtains the over-noise variance.
Since the coherence state is the smallest uncertainty state, the variances of both the X and P components are equal to the vacuum shot noise. The target intercepts and retransmits the transmitted quantum state signal to generate a forged quantum state to deceptively interfere the laser radar. The target adopts heterodyne detection to measure the quantum state, namely, the X component and the P component of the coherent state are measured at the same time, and measurement noise is introduced. After the quantum state prepared according to the measurement result is detected by a receiver of the laser radar, certain excessive noise is introduced. The receiver over-noise is typically much less than 1, while the introduced over-noise is typically greater than 2. Thus, when the target attempts to fool the lidar by intercepting the replay attack, the jamming behavior can be easily detected by estimating the system's over-noise. The over-noise threshold value can be set, the obtained over-noise variance is compared with the over-noise threshold value, and if the over-noise variance is larger than the threshold value, the target is indicated to have deceptive interference; otherwise no fraud is present.
As shown in fig. 3, in a second embodiment of the present invention:
the structure of the anti-deception quantum laser radar is as follows: the pulse generation module is an intensity modulator IM.
The Gaussian modulation module comprises a second beam splitter BS2 and a second phase modulator PM2, wherein two output ports of the second beam splitter BS2 are respectively connected with two ends of the second phase modulator PM2 through polarization maintaining fibers with different lengths to form a first Sagnac loop.
The coherent detection module comprises a third phase modulator PM3, a third beam splitter BS3, a first photoelectric detector PD1 and a second photoelectric detector PD2, wherein the third phase modulator PM3 is used for randomly modulating the phase of the second optical signal to be 0 or pi/2, the third beam splitter BS3 is used for enabling the echo quantum state signal to interfere with the phase modulated second optical signal, and the third beam splitter BS3, the first photoelectric detector PD1 and the second photoelectric detector PD2 form a balanced homodyne detector.
The specific working procedure of the second embodiment is as follows:
the laser generates a continuous laser signal which is first split into a first optical signal and a second optical signal by means of a first beam splitter BS1, wherein the first optical signal is modulated into an optical pulse signal with a certain period by means of an intensity modulator IM driven by a control processing module. The optical pulse signal enters the second beam splitter BS2 and is split into a first pulse component and a second pulse component propagating in the clockwise and counter-clockwise direction of the first sagnac loop, respectively. Due to the different times of arrival at the second phase modulator PM2, the two are modulated with different phases, respectively
. The two signals simultaneously return to the second beam splitter BS2 to interfere, and the generated interference result is the Gaussian modulated optical pulse signal which can be written as
Order the
Wherein θ obeys uniform distribution, R obeys rayleigh distribution, and the light pulse signal after Gaussian modulation is +.>
The X component and the P component are respectively
. The second phase modulator PM2 is driven by the control processing module, and random numbers come from the quantum random number generator, so that the randomness of the codes is ensured. Regular coordinates of the light pulse signal after Gaussian modulationThe X component and the regular momentum P component meet the same Gaussian distribution with the mean value of 0 and the variance of V, and are recorded as an emission quantum state sequence. Then, the optical pulse signal is attenuated to a preset intensity by the adjustable optical attenuator VOA, gaussian quantum state signal is output, the Gaussian quantum state signal reaches the telescope by the circulator CIR, and the optical pulse signal is expanded and then transmitted to a target object. The X component and the P component of the telescope emergent quantum state can be written as respectively
The quantum state signal is reflected by the target object and returns to the telescope, namely the echo quantum state signal, reaches one input port of the coherent detection module through the circulator CIR, and the second optical signal enters the other input port of the coherent detection module as local oscillation light, and performs balanced detection after interference. When the phase of the second optical signal modulated by the third phase modulator PM3 is 0, the X component of the echo quantum state signal is measured; when the third phase modulator PM3 modulates the phase of the second optical signal to pi/2, the P component of the echo quantum state signal is measured. And outputting the detection result to a data acquisition module, and finally entering a control processing module to record as a receiving measurement sequence.
The measurement of echo quantum states can be expressed as
Wherein eta is the total transmission efficiency of the quantum state, including the transmittance of free space, scattering and the reflectivity of the target,
gaussian noise with average value of 0 in the X component and P component measurements, respectively.
The control processing module selects a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as ranging sequences, and then performs cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequences and the received measuring sequences in a bit-by-bit manner to obtain cross-correlation values during each movement. When the receiving and transmitting sequences do not correspond, the cross correlation theoretical value is 0 because the signals are mutually independent and are mutually independent from noise. When the receiving and transmitting sequences are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross-correlation value is
Namely, the peak value is reached, and the corresponding target distance can be obtained through the number of the moved bits, so that the ranging function is realized.
The control processing module selects all receiving and transmitting sequences to be in one-to-one correspondence according to the ranging result, calculates the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency, then estimates the maximum likelihood estimation of the noise variance of the receiving and measuring sequence, calculates the corresponding variance, and obtains the over-noise variance.
Since the coherence state is the smallest uncertainty state, the variances of both the X and P components are equal to the vacuum shot noise. The target intercepts and retransmits the transmitted quantum state signal to generate a forged quantum state to deceptively interfere the laser radar. The target adopts heterodyne detection to measure the quantum state, namely, the X component and the P component of the coherent state are measured at the same time, and measurement noise is introduced. After the quantum state prepared according to the measurement result is detected by a receiver of the laser radar, certain excessive noise is introduced. The receiver over-noise is typically much less than 1, while the introduced over-noise is typically greater than 2. Thus, when the target attempts to fool the lidar by intercepting the replay attack, the jamming behavior can be easily detected by estimating the system's over-noise. The over-noise threshold value can be set, the obtained over-noise variance is compared with the over-noise threshold value, and if the over-noise variance is larger than the threshold value, the target is indicated to have deceptive interference; otherwise no fraud is present.
As shown in fig. 4, a third embodiment of the present invention:
the structure of the anti-deception quantum laser radar is as follows: the gaussian modulation module is an IQ modulator IQM.
The coherent detection module is a heterodyne balance detector and comprises a fourth beam splitter BS4, a fifth beam splitter BS5, a sixth beam splitter BS6, a seventh beam splitter BS7, a third photoelectric detector PD3, a fourth photoelectric detector PD4, a fifth photoelectric detector PD5 and a sixth photoelectric detector PD6, wherein the fourth beam splitter BS4 and the fifth beam splitter BS5 are respectively used for splitting echo quantum state signals and second optical signals; the sixth beam splitter BS6 is configured to interfere one component of the echo quantum state signal with one component of the second optical signal; the seventh beam splitter BS7 is configured to interfere another component of the echo quantum state signal with another component of the second optical signal; the other component of the second optical signal passes through a pi/2 phaser.
The pulse generating module comprises an eighth beam splitter BS8 and a fourth phase modulator PM4, wherein two output ports of the eighth beam splitter BS8 are respectively connected with two ends of the fourth phase modulator PM4 through polarization maintaining fibers with different lengths to form a second Sagnac loop.
The working procedure of the third embodiment is as follows:
the laser produces a continuous laser signal which is first split into a first optical signal and a second optical signal by a first beam splitter BS1, wherein the first optical signal enters an eighth beam splitter BS8 and is split into a first signal component and a second signal component propagating in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, respectively, of the second sagnac loop. The control processing module generates a pulse voltage to drive the fourth phase modulator PM4, which is modulated with different phases due to the different times at which the first signal component and the second signal component arrive at the fourth phase modulator PM 4. Therefore, at the high level of the pulse voltage, a phase difference is generated between the pulse voltage and the pulse voltage, and a pulse optical signal is output when the pulse voltage is interfered by the eighth beam splitter BS 8. At the high level of the pulse voltage, since the phases of the pulse voltage and the pulse voltage are not modulated and pass through the same path, no optical signal is output when the pulse voltage returns to the eighth beam splitter BS8 to interfere, and a desired optical pulse signal is generated. The optical pulse signal enters an IQM of an IQ modulator, and the control processing module controls two arms of the IQM to respectively modulate the phase
Intensity modulating and outputting the final result as
Its X-scoreThe quantity and P components are respectively
. The IQM is driven by the control processing module, and the random number comes from the quantum random number generator, so that the randomness of the code is ensured. After Gaussian modulation, the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal meet the same Gaussian distribution with the mean value of 0 and the variance of V, and the Gaussian distribution is recorded as an emission quantum state sequence. Then, the optical pulse signal is attenuated to a preset intensity by the adjustable optical attenuator VOA, gaussian quantum state signal is output, the Gaussian quantum state signal reaches the telescope by the circulator CIR, and the optical pulse signal is expanded and then transmitted to a target object. The X component and the P component of the telescope emergent quantum state can be written as respectively
The quantum state signal is reflected by the target object and returns to the telescope, namely the echo quantum state signal, reaches one input port of the coherent detection module through the circulator CIR, and the second optical signal enters the other input port of the coherent detection module as local oscillation light, and carries out balanced detection after interference, and simultaneously measures the X component and the P component of the echo quantum state signal. And outputting the detection result to a data acquisition module, and finally entering a control processing module to record as a receiving measurement sequence.
The measurement of echo quantum states can be expressed as
Wherein eta is the total transmission efficiency of the quantum state, including the transmittance of free space, scattering and the reflectivity of the target,
gaussian noise with average value of 0 in the X component and P component measurements, respectively.
The control processing module selects a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as ranging sequences, and then performs cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequences and the received measuring sequences in a bit-by-bit manner to obtain cross-correlation values during each movement. When the receiving and transmitting sequences do not correspond, the cross correlation theoretical value is 0 because the signals are mutually independent and are mutually independent from noise. When the receiving and transmitting sequences are in one-to-one correspondence, the cross-correlation value is
Namely, the peak value is reached, and the corresponding target distance can be obtained through the number of the moved bits, so that the ranging function is realized.
The control processing module selects all receiving and transmitting sequences to be in one-to-one correspondence according to the ranging result, calculates the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency, then estimates the maximum likelihood estimation of the noise variance of the receiving and measuring sequence, calculates the corresponding variance, and obtains the over-noise variance.
Since the coherence state is the smallest uncertainty state, the variances of both the X and P components are equal to the vacuum shot noise. The target intercepts and retransmits the transmitted quantum state signal to generate a forged quantum state to deceptively interfere the laser radar. The target adopts heterodyne detection to measure the quantum state, namely, the X component and the P component of the coherent state are measured at the same time, and measurement noise is introduced. After the quantum state prepared according to the measurement result is detected by a receiver of the laser radar, certain excessive noise is introduced. The receiver over-noise is typically much less than 1, while the introduced over-noise is typically greater than 2. Thus, when the target attempts to fool the lidar by intercepting the replay attack, the jamming behavior can be easily detected by estimating the system's over-noise. The over-noise threshold value can be set, the obtained over-noise variance is compared with the over-noise threshold value, and if the over-noise variance is larger than the threshold value, the target is indicated to have deceptive interference; otherwise no fraud is present.
By integrating the embodiments of the invention, the invention provides the anti-deception quantum laser radar and the processing method, which detect the target by using the coherent state of Gaussian modulation, and can detect whether the target has deception interference without using an entanglement source. And the signal does not need to be attenuated to be far smaller than 1 photon per pulse, so that the echo signal is stronger, a single photon detector is not needed, and the method can be applied to anti-interference imaging. In addition, the invention can be realized by utilizing the existing mature optical communication device, and has higher stability and practicability.
Claims (15)
1. An anti-fraud quantum laser radar, comprising:
a laser LD for generating a continuous laser signal;
a first beam splitter BS1 for splitting a laser signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
the pulse generation module is used for chopping the first optical signal to generate an optical pulse signal with a preset half-width and a preset period;
the Gaussian modulation module is used for randomly modulating the regular coordinate X component and the regular momentum P component of the optical pulse signal so that the two components meet the same Gaussian distribution with the average value of 0;
the adjustable optical attenuator VOA is used for attenuating the Gaussian-modulated optical pulse signal to a preset intensity to generate a quantum state signal;
a telescope for transmitting a quantum state signal to a target and for receiving an echo quantum state signal reflected from the target;
the circulator CIR is used for transmitting quantum state signals emitted from the adjustable optical attenuator VOA to the telescope and transmitting echo quantum state signals received from the telescope to one input port of the coherent detection module;
the data acquisition module is used for data acquisition;
the coherent detection module is used for taking a second optical signal incident from the other input port as local oscillation light, carrying out coherent balance detection on the echo quantum state signal and outputting a detection result to the data acquisition module;
the quantum random number generator is used for generating true random numbers and determining the phase and the amplitude modulated by the Gaussian modulation module;
the control processing module is used for receiving the true random number generated by the quantum random number generator, the driving control pulse generation module and the Gaussian modulation module, and processing the signals acquired by the data acquisition module to range the target and judge whether the target has deception interference.
2. The anti-spoofing quantum laser radar of claim 1, wherein the gaussian modulation module comprises an amplitude modulator AM for modulating the amplitude of the optical pulse signal to satisfy the rayleigh distribution, and a first phase modulator PM1 for modulating the phase of the optical pulse signal to satisfy the uniform distribution.
3. The anti-fraud quantum laser radar of claim 1, wherein the gaussian modulation module comprises a second beam splitter BS2 and a second phase modulator PM2, and two output ports of the second beam splitter BS2 are respectively connected with two ends of the second phase modulator PM2 through polarization maintaining fibers with unequal lengths to form a first sagnac loop.
4. The anti-spoof quantum lidar of claim 1, wherein the gaussian modulation module is an IQ modulator IQM.
5. The anti-spoof quantum lidar of claim 1, wherein the coherent detection module is a high sensitivity balanced detector that reaches a shot noise limit.
6. The anti-spoof quantum laser radar of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, wherein the coherent detection module comprises a third phase modulator PM3, a third beam splitter BS3, a first photodetector PD1 and a second photodetector PD2, the third phase modulator PM3 being configured to randomly modulate the phase of the second optical signal to 0 or pi/2, the third beam splitter BS3 being configured to interfere the echo quantum state signal with the phase modulated second optical signal, the third beam splitter BS3, the first photodetector PD1 and the second photodetector PD2 constituting a balanced homodyne detector.
7. The anti-fraud quantum laser radar of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, wherein the coherent detection module is a heterodyne balanced detector comprising a fourth beam splitter BS4, a fifth beam splitter BS5, a sixth beam splitter BS6, a seventh beam splitter BS7, a third photo detector PD3, a fourth photo detector PD4, a fifth photo detector PD5 and a sixth photo detector PD6, the fourth beam splitter BS4 and the fifth beam splitter BS5 being for splitting the echo quantum state signal and the second optical signal, respectively; the sixth beam splitter BS6 is configured to interfere one component of the echo quantum state signal with one component of the second optical signal; the seventh beam splitter BS7 is configured to interfere another component of the echo quantum state signal with another component of the second optical signal; the other component of the second optical signal passes through a pi/2 phaser.
8. The anti-fraud quantum laser radar of claim 7, wherein the pulse generation module is an intensity modulator IM.
9. The anti-fraud quantum laser radar of claim 7, wherein the pulse generating module includes an eighth beam splitter BS8 and a fourth phase modulator PM4, and two output ports of the eighth beam splitter BS8 are respectively connected to two ends of the fourth phase modulator PM4 through polarization maintaining fibers with unequal lengths, so as to form a second sagnac loop.
10. The anti-fraud quantum laser radar of claim 7, wherein the wavelength of the continuous laser signal is in the near infrared communications band.
11. The anti-spoofing quantum laser radar of claim 10, wherein a bandpass filter and a polarization controller are further arranged between the circulator CIR and the coherent detection module, and the bandpass filter is used for filtering stray light background noise; the polarization controller is used for adjusting the polarization state of the echo quantum state signal to be consistent with the polarization state of the second optical signal.
12. The anti-deception quantum laser radar processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: splitting a continuous laser signal generated by a laser into a first optical signal and a second optical signal;
s2: modulating the first optical signal into a narrow pulse optical signal, performing Gaussian modulation, generating a quantum state signal, and recording an emission quantum state sequence;
s3: transmitting the quantum state signal to a target object;
s4: collecting echo quantum state signals reflected from a target object, carrying out coherent measurement on the echo quantum state signals and a second optical signal serving as local oscillation light, and recording a receiving measurement sequence;
s5: and processing the transmitting quantum state sequence and the receiving measurement sequence by using a preset method, obtaining the distance information of the target, and judging whether the target has deception interference or not.
13. A method of fraud prevention laser radar processing according to claim 12, wherein the predetermined method of processing the transmitted quantum state sequence and the received measurement sequence includes a shift correlation operation for ranging and an interference detection method.
14. A method of fraud prevention quantum lidar processing according to claim 13, wherein the shift correlation operation comprises the steps of:
c1: selecting a preset number of continuous emission quantum state sequences as a ranging sequence;
c2: performing cross-correlation operation on the ranging sequence and the received measuring sequence bit by bit to obtain a cross-correlation value during each movement;
and C3: when the cross-correlation value reaches the peak value, the receiving and transmitting sequences are indicated to be in one-to-one correspondence, and the corresponding target distance is obtained through the number of the moved bits.
15. A fraud prevention quantum laser radar processing method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the interference detection method includes the steps of:
e1: according to the ranging result, making all the receiving and transmitting sequences correspond to each other one by one, and calculating the cross correlation value at the moment to obtain the channel transmission efficiency;
e2: estimating maximum likelihood estimation of noise variance of a receiving measurement sequence, calculating corresponding variance, and obtaining over-noise variance;
e3: comparing the obtained excessive noise variance with an excessive noise threshold set by a system, and if the excessive noise variance is larger than the threshold, indicating that the target has deception jamming; otherwise no fraud is present.
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