CN116381631A - Ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels, which comprises the following specific technical scheme: calculating and analyzing electromagnetic scattering data of the target; wideband signal segmentation is carried out on the frequency domain, so that a frequency division multichannel signal is obtained; generating a multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signal by using a rotation mode of a 32-bit CORDIC algorithm circumference system; using a 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast computing architecture to realize 4096-point one-dimensional FFT computation, and performing frequency domain multiplication, wherein the filter coefficients for multiplication are obtained by synthesizing two groups of coefficients of flatness compensation and shaping filtering; and performing 64-point×64-point two-dimensional IFFT operation, and performing flatness compensation and shaping filtering on the transmitted and received broadband signals to complete simulation of radar targets. The method obtains signals with accurate and controllable initial phases and continuous multi-channel phases, and ensures the phase coherence among the signals of the channels after mixing and the phase coherence of the signals of echo input and output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar target echo simulation, in particular to an ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels.
Background
With the development of electronic science and technology, new system radars are the most dominant means of target detection in future wars. The radar target simulator is an important component of a radio frequency simulation system, and provides necessary semi-physical simulation and test conditions for research, development, application and the like of a new system radar.
Ultra wideband radar is generally defined as radar where the fractional bandwidth (instantaneous bandwidth to center frequency ratio) of the radar transmit signal is greater than 0.25, and the main feature of ultra wideband technology is the very large bandwidth occupied. Research on ultra-wideband radar target simulators in foreign countries starts earlier, and mature target simulator products of a plurality of models are developed at present; the research in the technical field of target simulation in China starts later and is limited by foreign forbidden operation, and a certain gap exists between the research and foreign operation. The target simulator modulates from the target characteristics of three dimensions of frequency, amplitude and delay to realize echo simulation, the consistency of the receiving and transmitting amplitude phase is one of the core problems to be solved in ultra-wideband target echo, and the multi-channel phase coherent local oscillation, the receiving and transmitting channel flatness calibration and the shaping filtering are key technologies related to solving the problems.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a multi-channel ultra-wideband target simulation method to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels. For Doppler modulation of ultra-wideband signals, the wideband signals are usually subjected to segmentation processing on a time domain or a frequency domain, the wideband signals are segmented on the frequency domain by the scheme, so that frequency division multichannel signals are obtained, in multichannel digital up-conversion processing, a rotation mode of a 32-bit CORDIC algorithm circumferential system is adopted to generate multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signals, and meanwhile, the consistency of initial phases is ensured to be accurate and controllable. Based on the frequency domain filtering technology, a 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast computing architecture is utilized, 4096-point one-dimensional FFT is efficiently realized, frequency domain multiplication is carried out, the filter coefficients for multiplication are obtained by synthesizing two groups of coefficients of flatness compensation and shaping filtering, and finally 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional IFFT operation is carried out, so that flatness compensation and shaping filtering of receiving and transmitting broadband signals are realized, consistency of input and output signals is ensured, and high-fidelity simulation of radar targets is realized.
Electromagnetic scattering data of the target is calculated and analyzed through the GTD (Geometrical Theory of Diffraction) scattering center model, and signal characteristics of a plurality of scattering points of the target are obtained, wherein the signal characteristics comprise amplitude and delay characteristics and Doppler characteristics of each scattering point. The Doppler characteristic reflects the speed information of a target, and in order to realize the Doppler frequency shift characteristic of the ultra-wideband signal, the wideband signal is segmented on a frequency domain to obtain frequency division multi-channel signals, so that different Doppler frequency shifts are carried out on the signals of each channel, and the high-fidelity wideband signal Doppler characteristic simulation is realized.
Further, the acquiring signal characteristics of a plurality of target scattering points includes amplitude and delay characteristics of each scattering point, and Doppler characteristics.
Further, the CORDIC algorithm includes the implementation steps of:
step B1, calculating the product K of all cosine values, wherein K is a gain coefficient;
step B2, calculating N angles according to the known frequency control word and the known phase control word bit width N
Where n=0, 1,2,3, …, N-1, storing the data;
step B3, obtaining correct quadrant data by using the upper two bits of the angle value in the step B2;
step B4, according to the results of step B1 and step B2, and calculating
、/>
And->
；
And B5, obtaining a final sine and cosine result according to the quadrant result obtained in the step B3 and by utilizing a trigonometric function relation.
Further, the two-dimensional FFT fast computing architecture comprises the following implementation steps:
step C1, converting 4096 points into a 64-row 64-column data matrix;
step C2, 64-point FFT is carried out on 64 columns of the matrix to obtain the matrix
；
Step C3, matrix is formed
Multiplying the twiddle factor to obtain a matrix->
；
Step C4, matrix is formed
Performing 64-point FFT to obtain matrix->
；
Step C5, will
The arrangement order is obtained>
) And obtaining a two-dimensional FFT calculation result.
Further, the frequency domain filtering technology performs curve analysis by utilizing a least mean square algorithm, performs Fourier transform on the coefficients by utilizing filter coefficients required for obtaining flatness compensation, performs complex multiplication on the coefficients and signals after two-dimensional FFT, modifies the filter coefficients by fixing the order of the filter coefficients, performs complex multiplication on the overload coefficients and the signals by coefficient overload, and obtains broadband signals with any bandwidth.
Further, in the frequency domain filtering technology, data is buffered through a FIFO, after 4096 data are stored, the data are transmitted to 64 parallel 64-point FFTs for operation, complex multiplication is performed on the data and the filter coefficients after fourier transformation after FFT calculation is completed, finally 64-point IFFT operations are performed, and the data are put into the FIFO for buffering, and finally a required signal is output.
And further, after flatness compensation, carrying out pulse compression simulation verification on the broadband signal and the echo input signal.
The Doppler frequency shift is realized through multi-channel multiphase mixing, in a mixing module, in order to ensure that the initial phases of signals after mixing of each channel are controllable, the phases have coherence, the rotation mode of a CORDIC algorithm circumferential system is utilized to realize sine and cosine operation, and multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signals are generated. The expression of the mixing of the intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillation signal is:
where s (t) is an intermediate frequency signal.
The principle of the rotation mode of the CORDIC algorithm circumference system can be obtained according to the coordinate system as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
introducing a variable Z representing the angle which is not rotated yet among the angles to be rotated,
wherein θ is a rotation angle, represented by +.>
Can be obtained
The invention cuts the broadband signal, so the consistency of the receiving and transmitting amplitude is more important to pay attention to. Therefore, after the multi-channel signal synthesis, flatness compensation and shaping filtering are required for the wideband signal. Shaping filtering with any bandwidth is carried out on a frequency domain, firstly, FFT operation is carried out on signals, then, the product operation is carried out on FFT results and filter coefficients after Fourier transformation by using a complex multiplier, finally, IFFT operation is carried out, so that flatness compensation and shaping filtering are realized, and if the signal bandwidth is changed, the filter coefficients are regenerated. The time domain implementation formula is as follows:
the frequency domain implementation formula is as follows:
the invention aims to realize flatness compensation and shaping filtering, and the time domain realization formula is as follows:
the frequency domain implementation formula is as follows:
from the above, it is possible to:
filter coefficients to compensate for flatness
Filter coefficients of the shaping filter>
Synthesizing to obtain the filter coefficient +.>
The coefficient is used as a multiplicand in frequency domain multiplication.
The invention adopts a 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast calculation structure to realize one-dimensional 4096-point FFT, and the formula of the two-dimensional FFT is as follows:
the implementation process of the two-dimensional FFT is as follows: converting 4096 points into 64-row 64-column data matrix, and then performing column-to-column conversion on the matrixLine 64-point FFT yields a matrix
Matrix +.>
Multiplying the twiddle factor to obtain a matrix->
Matrix +.>
Performing 64-point FFT to obtain matrix->
Finally, will->
The arrangement order is obtained
And then obtaining FFT operation results.
Taking the two-dimensional FFT operation result as the input of a complex multiplication module, carrying out complex multiplication operation on the complex multiplication result and a filter coefficient of a frequency domain, and realizing a filtering effect, wherein the filter coefficient is obtained through an LMS algorithm of MATLAB, and then carrying out two-dimensional IFFT operation on the complex multiplication result.
The two-dimensional IFFT operation is calculated using a two-dimensional FFT. Firstly, the data is conjugated, the conjugated data is subjected to FFT operation and divided by N, and finally, the conjugation is obtained, so that the IFFT operation can be realized. After the two-dimensional IFFT operation is completed, frequency domain shaping filtering is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the multi-channel multi-phase mixing, each channel adopts a rotation mode of a 32-bit wide CORDIC algorithm circumferential system to replace a traditional DDS IP core to generate a multi-phase coherent local oscillation signal, and the multi-phase coherent local oscillation signal is mixed with an input signal to obtain a signal with accurately controllable initial phase and continuous multi-channel phase, so that the phase coherence among the signals of the multiple channels after mixing and the phase consistency of echo input and output signals are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a multi-channel based ultra-wideband target simulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a frequency domain filtering implementation of an ultra wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a frequency domain filtering implementation architecture of a multi-channel-based ultra-wideband target simulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a rotation pattern coordinate system of a circumferential system of a CORDIC algorithm of a multi-channel-based ultra-wideband target simulation system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of a filter implementation structure of an ultra wideband target simulation system based on multiple channels according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
a1, calculating and analyzing electromagnetic scattering data of a target through a diffraction geometry theory scattering center model;
a2, wideband signal segmentation is carried out on a frequency domain, and a frequency division multichannel signal is obtained;
a3, in the multichannel digital up-conversion processing, generating a multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signal by utilizing a rotation mode of a 32-bit CORDIC algorithm circumferential system, and simultaneously ensuring the consistency of an initial phase and being accurate and controllable;
step A4, utilizing a frequency domain filtering technology, using a 64-point multiplied by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast calculation architecture to realize 4096-point one-dimensional FFT calculation, and carrying out frequency domain multiplication, wherein the filter coefficients for the multiplication are obtained by synthesizing two groups of coefficients of flatness compensation and shaping filtering;
and A5, performing 64-point×64-point two-dimensional IFFT operation, compensating flatness and shaping and filtering the transmitted and received broadband signals, and keeping consistency of input and output signals to finish simulation of a radar target.
Electromagnetic scattering data of the target is calculated and analyzed through the GTD (Geometrical Theory of Diffraction) scattering center model, and signal characteristics of a plurality of scattering points of the target are obtained, wherein the signal characteristics comprise amplitude and delay characteristics and Doppler characteristics of each scattering point. The Doppler characteristic reflects the speed information of a target, and in order to realize the Doppler frequency shift characteristic of the ultra-wideband signal, the wideband signal is segmented on a frequency domain to obtain frequency division multi-channel signals, so that different Doppler frequency shifts are carried out on the signals of each channel, and the high-fidelity wideband signal Doppler characteristic simulation is realized.
The Doppler frequency shift is realized through multi-channel multiphase mixing, in a mixing module, in order to ensure that the initial phases of signals after mixing of each channel are controllable, the phases have coherence, the rotation mode of a CORDIC algorithm circumferential system is utilized to realize sine and cosine operation, and multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signals are generated. The expression of the mixing of the intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillation signal is:
where s (t) is an intermediate frequency signal.
According to the coordinate system, as shown in fig. 4, the principle of the rotation mode of the CORDIC algorithm circumference system can be obtained as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
introducing a variable Z representing the angle which is not rotated yet among the angles to be rotated,
wherein θ is a rotation angle, represented by +.>
Can be obtained
The invention cuts the broadband signal, so the consistency of the receiving and transmitting amplitude is more important to pay attention to. Therefore, after the multi-channel signal synthesis, flatness compensation and shaping filtering are required for the wideband signal. Shaping filtering with any bandwidth is carried out on a frequency domain, firstly, FFT operation is carried out on signals, then, the product operation is carried out on FFT results and filter coefficients after Fourier transformation by using a complex multiplier, finally, IFFT operation is carried out, so that flatness compensation and shaping filtering are realized, and if the signal bandwidth is changed, the filter coefficients are regenerated. The general implementation structure of the filter is shown in fig. 5 (a), and the time domain implementation formula is as follows:
the frequency domain implementation formula is as follows:
in order to realize flatness compensation and shaping filtering, the filter implementation structure is shown in (b) of fig. 5, and the time domain implementation formula is as follows:
the frequency domain implementation formula is as follows:
from the above, it is possible to:
filter coefficients to compensate for flatness
Filter coefficients of the shaping filter>
Synthesizing to obtain the filter coefficient +.>
The coefficient is used as a multiplicand in frequency domain multiplication. The filter implementation structure is shown in fig. 5 (c).
The invention adopts a 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast calculation structure to realize one-dimensional 4096-point FFT, and the formula of the two-dimensional FFT is as follows:
the implementation process of the two-dimensional FFT is as follows: 4096 points are converted into a data matrix with 64 rows and 64 columns, and 64-point FFT is carried out on the 64 columns of the matrix to obtain the matrix
Matrix +.>
Multiplying the twiddle factor to obtain a matrix->
Matrix +.>
Performing 64-point FFT to obtain matrix->
Finally, will->
The arrangement order is obtained
And then obtaining FFT operation results.
Taking the two-dimensional FFT operation result as the input of a complex multiplication module, carrying out complex multiplication operation on the complex multiplication result and a filter coefficient of a frequency domain, and realizing a filtering effect, wherein the filter coefficient is obtained through an LMS algorithm of MATLAB, and then carrying out two-dimensional IFFT operation on the complex multiplication result.
The two-dimensional IFFT operation is calculated using a two-dimensional FFT. Firstly, the data is conjugated, the conjugated data is subjected to FFT operation and divided by N, and finally, the conjugation is obtained, so that the IFFT operation can be realized. After the two-dimensional IFFT operation is completed, frequency domain shaping filtering is realized.
The Doppler frequency shift is realized by multi-channel multiphase mixing, a required frequency control word (PINC) and a phase control word (POFF) are calculated according to the obtained Doppler characteristic parameters, the Doppler frequency shift is transmitted to a register configuration at the FPGA end, and the Doppler frequency shift is transmitted to a mixing module according to the requirement. In the mixing module, sine and cosine calculation is realized by utilizing a rotation mode of a CORDIC algorithm circumferential system, and a multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signal is generated. The CORDIC algorithm realizes the sine and cosine steps as follows:
step B1, firstly, calculating the product K of all cosine values, wherein K is a gain coefficient, and k= 0.607253;
step B2, according to the known frequency control word (PINC) and phase control word (PINC) bit width N, N angles are required to be obtained
Where n=0, 1,2,3, …, N-1, storing the data;
step B3, obtaining correct quadrant data by using the upper two bits of the angle value in the step B2;
step B4,Based on the results of steps B1 and B2, and based on formulas (4) (5) (6)
、/>
And
wherein->
Equal to the sum of PINC and POFF;
and B5, obtaining a final sine and cosine result according to the quadrant result obtained in the step B3 and by utilizing a trigonometric function relation.
The mixer adopts a CORDIC algorithm to generate multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signals, the initial phases of the corresponding local oscillation signals of each channel are accurately controlled, the bit width of the PINC and the POFF is 32 bits, the working clock is 250MHz, the frequency resolution is 0.058Hz, and the phase precision is 2 pi/2 32 。
After multi-channel multiphase mixing, multi-channel synthesis processing is carried out, and after multi-channel synthesis, flatness compensation and shaping filtering are carried out on the broadband signal. And the mode filtering is performed on the frequency domain, so that broadband flatness compensation and signal bandwidth variability are realized.
The wideband signal is subjected to wideband flatness compensation after synthesis, shaped filtering is performed on the frequency domain, the signal is subjected to FFT operation, the FFT result and the filter coefficient after Fourier transformation are subjected to product operation by using a complex multiplier, and finally the IFFT operation is performed, so that flatness compensation and shaped filtering are realized.
The implementation flow of the frequency domain filtering is shown in fig. 2, wherein the two-dimensional FFT fast calculation structure can realize the FFT operation of large points and decompose the large points into the operation of small points, and the invention adopts the 64-point by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast calculation structure to realize the one-dimensional 4096-point FFT. The 64-path parallel 64-point FFT is adopted, the real-time bandwidth is 64 times of that of the one-dimensional FFT, the throughput rate is high, and the processing delay of the FFT is greatly reduced because the number of the FFT is reduced by 64 times. The two-dimensional FFT implementation steps are as follows:
step C1, firstly, 4096 points are converted into a data matrix of 64 rows and 64 columns;
step C2, 64-point FFT is carried out on 64 columns of the matrix to obtain the matrix
；
Step C3, matrix is formed
Multiplying the twiddle factor to obtain a matrix->
；
Step C4, matrix is formed
Performing 64-point FFT to obtain matrix->
；
Step C5, will
The arrangement order is obtained>
) And obtaining a two-dimensional FFT calculation result.
The complex multiplication is used to realize filtering and to compensate the flatness. The invention performs curve analysis in MATLAB by using LMS (least mean square) algorithm through multiple actual test of frequency domain data synthesized by multiple channels, performs Fourier transform on the coefficients by using filter coefficients required by flatness compensation, and performs complex multiplication on the coefficients and signals after two-dimensional FFT. If the broadband signal with variable bandwidth is to be realized, the filter coefficient is modified by fixing the order of the filter coefficient, and the reload coefficient is subjected to complex multiplication with the signal by the reload coefficient, so that the broadband signal with any bandwidth is realized.
The two-dimensional IFFT operation is calculated using a two-dimensional FFT. Firstly, the data is conjugated, and the conjugated data is subjected to FFT operation and divided by 4096, and finally, the conjugated data is obtained, so that IFFT operation can be realized.
The implementation structure of the frequency domain filtering is shown in fig. 3, the data is buffered through the FIFO, after 4096 data are stored, the data are transmitted to 64 parallel 64-point FFTs for operation, after the FFT calculation is completed, the data and the filter coefficient after fourier transform are subjected to complex multiplication, finally 64-point IFFT operations are performed, and the data are put into the FIFO for buffering, and finally the required signal is output, thereby realizing the frequency domain filtering.
After the broadband flatness is compensated, pulse compression simulation verification is carried out on the broadband signal and the echo input signal, and a side lobe is about 40dBm, so that the phase of input and output can be consistent, and the signal matching degree is high.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, such changes and modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The ultra-wideband target simulation method based on the multiple channels is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, calculating and analyzing electromagnetic scattering data of a target through a diffraction geometry theory scattering center model;
a2, wideband signal segmentation is carried out on a frequency domain, and a frequency division multichannel signal is obtained;
a3, in the multichannel digital up-conversion processing, generating a multiphase phase coherent local oscillation signal by utilizing a rotation mode of a 32-bit CORDIC algorithm circumferential system, and simultaneously ensuring the consistency of an initial phase and being accurate and controllable;
step A4, utilizing a frequency domain filtering technology, using a 64-point multiplied by 64-point two-dimensional FFT fast calculation architecture to realize 4096-point one-dimensional FFT calculation, and carrying out frequency domain multiplication, wherein the filter coefficients for the multiplication are obtained by synthesizing two groups of coefficients of flatness compensation and shaping filtering;
and A5, performing 64-point×64-point two-dimensional IFFT operation, compensating flatness and shaping and filtering the transmitted and received broadband signals, and keeping consistency of input and output signals to finish simulation of a radar target.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step A1, signal characteristics of a plurality of scattering points of the target are obtained, including amplitude and delay characteristics of each scattering point, and doppler characteristics.
3. The ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels of claim 1, wherein the CORDIC algorithm is implemented by:
step B1, calculating the product K of all cosine values, wherein K is a gain coefficient;
step B2, calculating N angles according to the known frequency control word and the known phase control word bit width N
Where n=0, 1,2,3, …, N-1, storing the data;
step B3, obtaining correct quadrant data by using the upper two bits of the angle value in the step B2;
step B4, according to the results of step B1 and step B2, and calculating
、/>
And->
；
And B5, obtaining a final sine and cosine result according to the quadrant result obtained in the step B3 and by utilizing a trigonometric function relation.
4. The ultra-wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels of claim 1, wherein the frequency domain filtering technology is to perform curve analysis by using a least mean square algorithm, perform fourier transform on the coefficients by using filter coefficients required for flatness compensation, perform complex multiplication on the coefficients and signals after two-dimensional FFT, fix the order of the filter coefficients, modify the filter coefficients, and perform complex multiplication on the overload coefficients and the signals by coefficient overload to obtain wideband signals of arbitrary bandwidth.
5. The ultra wideband target simulation method based on multiple channels of claim 1, wherein the frequency domain filtering technology buffers data through FIFO, after 4096 data are stored, transmits the data to 64 parallel 64-point FFTs for operation, after FFT calculation is completed, performs complex multiplication on the data and the filter coefficient after fourier transform, finally performs 64-point IFFT operations, and puts the data into FIFO for buffering, and outputs the final required signal.
6. The multi-channel ultra-wideband target simulation method of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional IFFT operation is performed by conjugating data, performing FFT operation on conjugated data, and dividing the conjugated data by 4096 to obtain a conjugated result.
7. The multi-channel-based ultra-wideband target simulation method of claim 1, wherein the pulse compression simulation verification is performed on the wideband signal and the echo input signal after the flatness compensation.
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