CN116380307B - TBM construction circular tunnel ground stress measuring and calculating method and system - Google Patents
TBM construction circular tunnel ground stress measuring and calculating method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116380307B CN116380307B CN202310387438.9A CN202310387438A CN116380307B CN 116380307 B CN116380307 B CN 116380307B CN 202310387438 A CN202310387438 A CN 202310387438A CN 116380307 B CN116380307 B CN 116380307B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for measuring and calculating the ground stress of a circular tunnel in TBM construction, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system; selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock, and polishing the surfaces of the measuring points to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point; attaching strain flowers on the surfaces of all the selected measuring points surrounding rocks, testing the included angles between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge; cutting a rock block on the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method, and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge; and establishing a strain variable equation of each strain gauge by utilizing the strain variable of each strain gauge caused by elastic strain relief and relief of the three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan, constructing a normal equation based on a least square principle, and calculating a ground stress value under a tunnel column coordinate system. The stress testing process is completed on the wide tunnel wall surface, so that the construction is easy, the testing process is convenient and quick, and the success rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a method and a system for measuring and calculating ground stress of a circular tunnel in TBM construction.
Background
TBM tunneling is a common technical means for major underground engineering, and is often blocked due to deformation of surrounding rock in a high-stress environment in the advancing process. Therefore, an effective technical means is needed to obtain the ground stress state of the position where the engineering is located, so that the safe and smooth construction of the tunnel is ensured. The common mature three-dimensional ground stress test method is a hollow inclusion stress relief method, which comprises the steps of drilling a large hole to an undisturbed region at the engineering hole wall, then continuously drilling a coaxial small hole, sticking a hollow inclusion containing a plurality of strain gauges on the small hole wall, and calculating the ground stress value of the drilling position by utilizing the change quantity of the strain gauges in all directions and the surrounding rock elastic parameters in the sleeve hole stress relief process.
Because the common stress relief is completed in the deep hole, the whole process is matched with a large-scale drilling machine for construction, and the construction process is complex; in the test process, the hollow bag body is stuck by epoxy resin, the curing speed is slower, and the single measurement time is longer. The sticking, releasing and data acquisition of the hollow inclusion are also completed in the deep hole, and the problems of incomplete sticking, cable twisting and core breakage of the hollow inclusion and surrounding rock and the like are often caused by objective conditions such as tunnel lithology, water enrichment, rock dust and the like, so that the test is failed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring and calculating the ground stress of a circular tunnel in TBM construction, and the problem of deep hole testing by a hollow inclusion stress relieving method is effectively avoided.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method for measuring and calculating ground stress of a TBM construction circular tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
s2: selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock based on the tunnel tunneling tunnel cylindrical coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
s3: pasting strain flowers on the surfaces of all selected measuring point surrounding rocks based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge by adopting a strain gauge;
s4: cutting a rock block on the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method, and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
s5: based on the initial strain value and the final strain value of each strain gauge, the strain variation of each strain gauge caused by the relief of the elastic strain relief of the three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan is utilized to establish a strain variation equation of each strain gauge, a normal equation of the strain variation equation of each strain gauge is established based on a least square principle, and the ground stress value under the coordinate system of the tunnel column is calculated.
Preferably, in the S1, a Z axis in the tunnel column coordinate system is a tunnel axis direction, a θ axis starting position is a position with any included angle with a horizontal plane, and a ρ axis is a radial ray passing through a center of a circle in a tunnel cross section.
Preferably, in the step S2, a polar angle of the central position of the measuring point indicates a θ -axis value of the measuring point in the tunnel column coordinate system.
Preferably, in the step S2, the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the leveling indication point is polished based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius, and the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the indication point is the inverse of the tunnel excavation radius.
Preferably, in the step S3, the attaching of the strain flower on the surface of the surrounding rock at the measuring point uses a rigid binder to fixedly connect the strain flower with the surface of the surrounding rock, so as to ensure synchronous deformation of the surrounding rock and the strain gauge.
Preferably, in the step S3, the initial strain value of each strain gauge means a strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is not started.
Preferably, in the step S4, the step of cutting the rock block on the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by using the physical method refers to completely stripping the local surrounding rock containing the strain flower from the wall of the tunnel by using a coring and angle grinder cutting quasi-static method.
Preferably, in the step S4, the measured final strain value of each strain gauge refers to an indication of the strain value of each strain gauge after the rock mass on the wall surface of the tunnel to which the strain gauge is attached is peeled off.
Preferably, in S5, the strain change amount of each strain gauge caused by the release is a difference between the strain value indication of each strain gauge after the release and the strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is not started.
Preferably, in S3 and S4, the strain measurement at the measuring point refers to various contact and non-contact measurement technologies including a strain gauge measurement method, such as grating fiber strain measurement, optical strain measurement, and the like.
The invention also provides a system for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a coordinate system establishing module, a polar angle obtaining module, an initial strain value measuring module, a final strain value measuring module and a ground stress value calculating module;
the coordinate system establishment module is used for determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
the polar angle obtaining module is used for selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock based on a tunneling tunnel cylindrical coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
the initial strain value measuring module is used for sticking strain flowers on the surfaces of all selected measuring point surrounding rocks based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge by adopting a strain gauge;
the final strain value measuring module is used for cutting the wall rock of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
the ground stress value calculation module is used for establishing strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on the initial strain value and the final strain value of the strain gauges, utilizing the three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan elastic strain relief to relieve the strain variable of the strain gauges, establishing normal equations of the strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on the least square principle, and calculating the ground stress value under a tunnel column coordinate system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, the cross section of the TBM construction tunnel is circular, the stress state of surrounding rocks at the periphery of the circular hole is the secondary stress field of the ground stress, the step of conventionally drilling the stress relief large hole is avoided by relieving the stress relief test ground stress of the tunnel wall surface, the test environment is spacious, the test is easy to develop, the bonding firmness of the strain gauge and the surrounding rocks is reliable, the operation flow is simple and convenient, the test result is accurate, and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring and calculating ground stress of a circular tunnel for TBM construction in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for solving a stress solution of a tunnel wall surface in TBM construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of polishing a tunnel surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of strain gages in the strain gauge 21 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1-surrounding rock; 3-stress relief cut line; 4-TBM excavating surrounding rock surface; 21-first strain flower; 22-a second strain relief; 23-third strain flower; 24-fourth strain flower; 41-TBM actually excavates the surface; 42-TBM design excavation surface; 5-polishing the surface of the surrounding rock; 221-a strain gauge with an angle of 0 degrees with the Z axis; 222-strain 45 ° from Z-axis grip; 223-strain at 90 ° to the Z-axis; 224-strain at 135 deg. from the Z-axis.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, a method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of a circular tunnel for TBM construction comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
s2: selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock, namely stress relief points, based on a tunnel tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel tunneling radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
s3: based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, pasting strain flowers on the surface of all the selected measuring point surrounding rocks, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge by adopting a strain gauge, wherein the initial strain value is the strain value after the strain flowers are pasted, and directly reading;
s4: cutting a rock block on the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method, and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
s5: based on the initial strain value and the final strain value of each strain gauge, the strain variation equation of each strain gauge is established by utilizing the elastic strain solution of the three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan to relieve the strain variation of each strain gauge, the normal equation of the strain variation equation of each strain gauge is established based on the least square principle, and the ground stress value under the coordinate system of the tunnel column is calculated.
In this embodiment, in the S1, a Z axis in a tunnel column coordinate system is a tunnel axis direction, a θ axis initial position is a position with any included angle with a horizontal plane, and a ρ axis is a radial ray passing through a center of a circle in a tunnel cross section
In this embodiment, in S2, the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point indicates the θ -axis value of the measuring point in the tunnel cylindrical coordinate system.
In this embodiment, in S2, the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the leveling and indicating point is polished based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius, where the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the indicating point is the inverse of the tunnel excavation radius.
In this embodiment, in the step S3, the attaching of the strain flower on the surface of the surrounding rock at the measuring point refers to fixedly connecting the strain flower with the surface of the surrounding rock by using a rigid adhesive, so as to ensure synchronous deformation of the surrounding rock and the strain gauge.
In this embodiment, in S3, the initial strain value of each strain gauge refers to the strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is not started.
In this embodiment, in S4, cutting the block of the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain relief by using a physical method refers to completely stripping the local surrounding rock containing the strain relief from the wall of the tunnel by using a coring and angle grinder cutting quasi-static method.
In this embodiment, in S4, the measured final strain value of each strain gauge refers to the strain value indication of each strain gauge after the rock mass on the wall surface of the tunnel to which the strain gauge is attached is peeled off.
In this embodiment, in S5, the strain change amount of each strain gauge caused by the release means a difference between the strain value indication of each strain gauge after the release and the strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is not started.
In the embodiment, in S5, the strain variation equation of the strain gauge is
And (3) making: eΔε ij ＝A 1 σ x +A 2 σ y +A 3 σ z +A 4 τ xy +A 5 τ yz +A 6 τ zx Then
Wherein i=1 to 3 is a strain gauge number; j=1 to 4 is a strain gauge number; delta epsilon ij Is the strain variation of the strain gauge; θ i Is the strain relief polar angle (the strain relief mounting polar angle cannot be the same for each relief);is the strain gauge angle; e is the elastic modulus of the rock; v is the rock poisson ratio; sigma (sigma) x 、σ y 、σ z 、τ xy 、τ yz 、τ zx Six ground stress components; a is that 1 、A 2 ......A 6 Coefficients are simplified for the equation.
In this embodiment, in S5, the normal equation of the strain variation equation for constructing the strain gauge based on the least squares principle is:
wherein s is the number of observation value equations, and s=ij; i is the number of strain flowers of a single hollow inclusion; j is the number of strain gages in different directions contained in each strain gauge; a is that k1 、A k2 ......A k6 Simplifying coefficients for the equation; delta epsilon k To relieve strain difference of front and rear strain gage.
In this embodiment, in S5, the ground stress value under the tunnel column coordinate system is:
example two
The invention also provides a system for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a coordinate system establishing module, a polar angle obtaining module, an initial strain value measuring module, a final strain value measuring module and a ground stress value calculating module;
the coordinate system establishment module is used for determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
the polar angle obtaining module is used for selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock, namely stress relief points, based on a tunneling tunnel cylindrical coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
the initial strain value measuring module is used for sticking strain flowers on the surfaces of all the selected measuring point surrounding rocks based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge by adopting a strain gauge, wherein the initial strain value is the strain value after the strain flowers are stuck, and directly reading;
the final strain value measuring module is used for cutting the wall rock of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
the ground stress value calculation module is used for establishing strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on initial strain values and final strain values of the strain gauges, utilizing three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan elastic strain relief to relieve strain variable amounts of the strain gauges, establishing normal equations of the strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on a least square principle, and calculating ground stress values under a tunnel column coordinate system.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the TBM construction circular tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
s2: selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock based on the tunnel tunneling tunnel cylindrical coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
s3: pasting strain flowers on the surfaces of all selected measuring point surrounding rocks based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge by adopting a strain gauge;
s4: cutting a rock block on the wall surface of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method, and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
s5: based on the initial strain value and the final strain value of each strain gauge, utilizing a three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan elastic strain solution to relieve the strain variation of each strain gauge, establishing a strain variation equation of each strain gauge, establishing a normal equation of each strain variation equation based on a least square principle, and calculating a ground stress value under a tunnel column coordinate system;
in the step S4, the physical method for cutting the wall rock block of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower means that the local surrounding rock containing the strain flower is completely peeled off from the wall of the tunnel by adopting coring and angle grinder equipment;
in the step S5, the strain change amount of each strain gauge caused by the release means a difference between the strain value indication of each strain gauge after the release and the strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is not started;
in S5, the strain change amount equation of the strain gauge isAnd (3) making:thenIn the method, in the process of the invention,i=1 to 3 is a strain relief number;j=1 to 4 is the strain gage number;is the strain variation of the strain gauge; />Is the strain relief angle; />Is the strain gauge angle; e is the elastic modulus of the rock; />Is the poisson's ratio of rock; />Six ground stress components; />Simplifying coefficients for the equation;
in S5, the normal equation of the strain variation equation for constructing the strain gauge based on the least square principle is:
wherein s is the number of observation value equations and +.>；iThe number of strain relief for a single hollow enclosure;jthe number of strain gages in different directions is contained for each strain gage; />Simplifying coefficients for the equation; />To relieve the strain difference of the front strain gauge and the rear strain gauge;
in the step S5, the ground stress value under the tunnel column coordinate system is as follows:
。
2. the method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction according to claim 1, wherein in the S1, a Z axis in a cylindrical coordinate system of the tunnel is a tunnel axis direction, a theta axis is a position of any included angle between a starting position and a horizontal plane, and a rho axis is a radial ray passing through a center of a circle in a cross section of the tunnel.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point indicates the value of the theta axis of the measuring point under the cylindrical coordinate system of the tunnel.
4. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the measuring point is ground and leveled based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius, and the curvature of the surrounding rock surface at the position of the measuring point is the inverse of the tunnel excavation radius.
5. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel constructed by the TBM according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the strain flower adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock of the measuring point is fixedly connected with the surface of the surrounding rock by adopting a rigid adhesive, so that the synchronous deformation of the surrounding rock and the strain gauge is ensured.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel constructed by the TBM according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the initial strain value of each strain gauge refers to the strain value indication of each strain gauge before the release is started.
7. The method for measuring and calculating the ground stress of the circular tunnel for TBM construction according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the measured final strain value of each strain gauge refers to the strain value indication of each strain gauge after the wall rock of the tunnel with the strain gauge attached is stripped.
8. A TBM construction circular tunnel ground stress measuring and calculating system for implementing the TBM construction circular tunnel ground stress measuring and calculating method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising: the system comprises a coordinate system establishing module, a polar angle obtaining module, an initial strain value measuring module, a final strain value measuring module and a ground stress value calculating module;
the coordinate system establishment module is used for determining a tunneling tunnel column coordinate system (rho, theta, Z);
the polar angle obtaining module is used for selecting at least three measuring points with different polar angles and complete surrounding rock based on a tunneling tunnel cylindrical coordinate system (rho, theta, Z), and polishing the surface of the measuring point to be smooth based on the curvature corresponding to the tunnel excavation radius to obtain the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point;
the initial strain value measuring module is used for sticking strain flowers on the surfaces of all selected measuring point surrounding rocks based on the polar angle of the central position of the measuring point, testing the included angle between each strain flower and the axial direction of the tunnel, and measuring the initial strain value of each strain gauge;
the final strain value measuring module is used for cutting the wall rock of the tunnel adhered with the strain flower by adopting a physical method and measuring the final strain value of each strain gauge;
the ground stress value calculation module is used for establishing strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on the initial strain value and the final strain value of the strain gauges, utilizing the three-dimensional column Kong Weiyan elastic strain relief to relieve the strain variable of the strain gauges, establishing normal equations of the strain variable equations of the strain gauges based on the least square principle, and calculating the ground stress value under a tunnel column coordinate system.
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| CN112945434A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 中南大学 | Method and device for relieving measured ground stress based on hole bottom stress of bending drilling |
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