CN116379707A - 一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船 - Google Patents

一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船 Download PDF

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CN116379707A
CN116379707A CN202310189365.2A CN202310189365A CN116379707A CN 116379707 A CN116379707 A CN 116379707A CN 202310189365 A CN202310189365 A CN 202310189365A CN 116379707 A CN116379707 A CN 116379707A
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曹睿阳
吴天威
朱子龙
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Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船，该系统包括气体压缩设备、气体膨胀设备、换热器、气体分离设备、混合介质管路、第一循环管路、第二循环管路；混合介质管路中设有氦氮混合循环介质，氦氮混合循环介质在换热器换热后经过气体分离设备分离出氮气和氦气，氮气沿第二循环管路用于再液化，氦气沿第一循环管路参与循环。本发明对再液化系统进行了简化，避免再液化系统对货物处理系统设计及运行产生影响，降低围护系统蒸发率、控制舱压、提高再液化装置及系统的可靠性与经济性。

Description

一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船
技术领域
本发明涉及LNG船领域，具体涉及一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船。
背景技术
液化天然气需要在-163℃的状态下进行储存和运输，但由于外界环境在不断向货舱输入热量，导致货舱内液化天然气蒸发产生蒸发气，从而造成货舱压力升高以及货物损失，因此为保证货物运输途中货舱压力稳定，减少货损，目前大中型LNG船多采用装备再液化装置及系统。
目前，现有技术中具有实船应用业绩的再液化系统有深冷式再液化、混合制冷式再液化、紧凑型再液化等。其中近五年内，AIR LIQUID公司开发的深冷式再液化系统由于其系统简单，与LNG船本身的货物处理系统界面少，可靠性高的优势在LNG运输船再液化系统领域占比最高。此种再液化系统采用将货物深冷后再喷入货舱的形式，其系统具有一个独立的制冷循环，将货舱内最下层的液化天然气通过泵被提升至甲板上的再液化装置中，与独立的制冷循环换热深冷后返回货舱。但在此过程中，会有大量外部热量进入管内的LNG液体，使其蒸发，因此需要给管路包附很厚的绝缘，增加成本。同时，为了使制冷循环中的介质在换热时达到-163摄氏度以下，同时提升换热效率，需要在额外增加海水换热器以及另一台换热器对经过压缩的制冷工质进行降温，增加了系统的复杂程度。
混合制冷式再液化及紧凑型再液化则是通过将货舱内的蒸发气液化为液化天然气，再重新注入货舱，实现再液化功能。因此需要与LNG船本身的货物处理系统共同作用，因此整个系统十分复杂且在整个舱压控制及再液化过程，因此可靠性也相对较低。
发明内容
为了简化再液化系统，避免再液化系统对货物处理系统设计及运行产生影响，降低围护系统蒸发率、控制舱压、提高再液化装置及系统的可靠性与经济性，本发明提供了一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统及船，本发明的技术目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供了一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统以及具有该薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统的船，该薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统包括气体压缩设备、气体膨胀设备、换热器、气体分离设备、混合介质管路、第一循环管路、第二循环管路；气体压缩设备、换热器、气体膨胀设备、气体分离设备通过混合介质管路依次连接，混合介质管路包括入口端和出口端，入口端靠近气体压缩设备，出口端连接气体分离设备；气体分离设备、换热器、混合介质管路的入口端通过第一循环管路连接；气体分离设备通过第二循环管路连接混合介质管路的入口端；混合介质管路中设有氦氮混合循环介质，气体分离设备将氦氮混合循环介质分离为深冷氦气和深冷氮气并分别流向第一循环管路和第二循环管路，深冷氦气和混合介质管路中的氦氮混合循环介质在换热器进行热交换，深冷氮气流经薄膜型围护系统绝缘层与货舱内蒸发气进行热交换。
进一步地，第二循环管路中的深冷氮气形成若干路换热路径，换热路径之间并联设置。
进一步地，货舱从外向内依次设有次绝缘层、次屏蔽、主绝缘层、主屏蔽，换热路径设置在主绝缘层内。
进一步地，换热路径设置在主绝缘层内靠近主屏蔽的位置。
进一步地，气体压缩设备为离心式气体压缩机、螺杆式气体压缩机或往复式气体压缩机。
进一步地，气体膨胀设备为活塞膨胀机或透平膨胀机。
进一步地，气体分离设备为膜式气体分离设备。
进一步地，氦氮混合循环介质进入气体压缩设备前为零下低温状态；氦氮混合循环介质经过气体压缩设备后升温升压；氦氮混合循环介质经过换热器后等压冷却至零下低温状态；氦氮混合循环介质经过气体膨胀设备后处于-175℃以下低温状态。
进一步地，主屏蔽为耐腐蚀不锈钢或殷瓦钢材料；混合介质管路、第一循环管路、第二循环管路均为耐腐蚀不锈钢材料。
相比与现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明的薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统可完全独立于货物处理系统独立运行，简化了再液化系统，可靠性增强。
2、本发明的薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统在不改变围护系统设计的基础上，可以使整个围护系统内的货物处于-163℃以下的深冷状态，对于产生的蒸发气，在接触围护系统的主屏蔽时被液化，液化后依靠重力返回货舱，减少货物损失，提高经济性。
3、本发明中薄膜型围护系统主屏蔽不仅可以与蒸发气进行换热，使得蒸发气液化，同时还可以阻止外部热量进入货舱区域，降低围护系统蒸发率。
4、本发明中可充分利用薄膜型围护系统中的氮气管路，因此不用对现有的围护系统设计进行更改，同时由于其氮气管路始终包裹在围护系统绝缘层中，也无需额外增加管子绝缘。(在IGC规范要求中，强制要求围护系统与货舱内压力保持相对正压，本申请将超深冷氮气注入薄膜型围护系统主屏蔽绝缘层内，既可以满足IGC规范要求同时可以使蒸发气预冷液化，达到控制舱压的效果。)
5、本发明中采用膜式气体分离设备，解决了单一气体难以达到-175℃的深冷状态的问题，采用氦氮混合气体，通过膜式气体分离设备将-175℃的氦氮混合气分离，可以有效避免氦气对薄膜型围护系统绝缘材料的不良影响，同时提升系统经济性。
6、本发明中分离出的深冷氦气在气体压缩设备的入口与氮气混合，利用其冷能降低气体压缩设备的入口温度，同时经过压缩机出口的氦氮混合循环介质在换热器与分离的深冷氦气进行换热，完成等压降温的过程，使氦氮混合循环介质更容易达到-175℃的深冷状态，进一步提升系统的经济性。
附图说明
图1是本发明的薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统示意图。
图中，1、气体压缩设备；2、气体膨胀设备；3、气体分离设备；4、主屏蔽；5、混合介质管路；6、氦氮混合循环介质；7、第二循环管路；8、第一循环管路；9、换热器；10、货舱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步描述：
本实施例提供了一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，如图1所示，包括气体压缩设备1、气体膨胀设备2、换热器9、气体分离设备3、混合介质管路5、第一循环管路8、第二循环管路7；气体压缩设备1、换热器9、气体膨胀设备2、气体分离设备3通过混合介质管路5依次连接，混合介质管路5包括入口端和出口端，入口端靠近气体压缩设备1设置，出口端连接气体分离设备3；气体分离设备3、换热器9、混合介质管路5的入口端之间通过第一循环管路8连接；气体分离设备3通过第二循环管路7连接混合介质管路5的入口端；混合介质管路5中设有氦氮混合循环介质(氦氮混合气)，气体分离设备3将氦氮混合循环介质分离为深冷氦气和深冷氮气并分别流向第一循环管路8和第二循环管路7，深冷氦气和混合介质管路5中的氦氮混合循环介质在换热器9进行热交换，深冷氮气流经薄膜型围护系统绝缘层与货舱10内蒸发气进行热交换。
具体地，第二循环管路7中的深冷氮气形成若干路换热路径，换热路径之间并联设置，本实施例中，换热路径利用薄膜型围护系统绝缘层内现有的氮气管路，气体分离设备3分离出的深冷氮气流入氮气管路中与货舱10内的蒸发气进行换热。货舱从外向内依次设有次绝缘层、次屏蔽、主绝缘层、主屏蔽，换热路径设置在主绝缘层内。作为优选，换热路径设置在主绝缘层内靠近主屏蔽4的位置，既不用对现有的围护系统设计进行更改，同时由于其氮气管路始终包裹在围护系统绝缘层中，也无需额外增加管子绝缘。
作为优选，气体压缩设备1为离心式气体压缩机、螺杆式气体压缩机或往复式气体压缩机；气体膨胀设备2为活塞膨胀机或透平膨胀机；气体分离设备3为膜式气体分离设备(选用产品时应当考虑膜的耐低温性能)。主屏蔽4为耐腐蚀不锈钢或殷瓦钢材料；混合介质管路5、第一循环管路8、第二循环管路7均为耐腐蚀不锈钢材料。
通过气体压缩设备1和气体膨胀设备2驱动零下低温状态的氦氮混合循环介质6在混合介质管路5中流动，根据逆布雷顿循环制冷原理，氦氮混合循环介质6在气体压缩设备1完成熵压缩过程，混合气体升温升压；
然后进入换热器9，与第一循环管路8中的深冷氦气进行换热，完成等压冷却，形成零下低温气体混合物；
再经气体膨胀设备2完成熵膨胀，达到-175℃以下超低温气体混合物；
再进入气体分离设备3后将氮气和氦气分离，其中深冷氮气流向第二循环管路7用于再液化，深冷氦气流向换热器9参与换热及后续循环；
气体分离设备3分离出的深冷氮气进入薄膜型围护系统绝缘层后，使得主屏蔽4达到-175℃以下超低温状态，货舱10内蒸发气与主屏蔽4接触后完成换热，由于其温度为-175℃，低于货舱10内蒸发气冷凝点，蒸发气液化后受自身重力沿主屏蔽4回落至货舱10内，减少货舱10内蒸发气的量，降低舱压，实现控制舱压的目的。
本实施例只是对本发明的进一步解释，并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性的修改，但是只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，包括气体压缩设备、气体膨胀设备、换热器、气体分离设备、混合介质管路、第一循环管路、第二循环管路；所述气体压缩设备、换热器、气体膨胀设备、气体分离设备通过混合介质管路依次连接，所述混合介质管路包括入口端和出口端，所述入口端靠近气体压缩设备，所述出口端连接气体分离设备；所述气体分离设备、换热器、混合介质管路的入口端通过第一循环管路连接；所述气体分离设备通过第二循环管路连接混合介质管路的入口端；所述混合介质管路中设有氦氮混合循环介质，所述气体分离设备将氦氮混合循环介质分离为深冷氦气和深冷氮气并分别流向第一循环管路和第二循环管路，所述深冷氦气和混合介质管路中的氦氮混合循环介质在换热器进行热交换，所述深冷氮气流经薄膜型围护系统绝缘层与货舱内蒸发气进行热交换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述第二循环管路中的深冷氮气形成若干路换热路径，所述换热路径之间并联设置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述货舱从外向内依次设有次绝缘层、次屏蔽、主绝缘层、主屏蔽，所述换热路径设置在主绝缘层内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述换热路径设置在主绝缘层内靠近主屏蔽的位置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述气体压缩设备为离心式气体压缩机、螺杆式气体压缩机或往复式气体压缩机。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述气体膨胀设备为活塞膨胀机或透平膨胀机。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述气体分离设备为膜式气体分离设备。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述氦氮混合循环介质进入气体压缩设备前为零下低温状态；所述氦氮混合循环介质经过气体压缩设备后升温升压；所述氦氮混合循环介质经过换热器后等压冷却至零下低温状态；所述氦氮混合循环介质经过气体膨胀设备后处于-175℃以下低温状态。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，其特征在于，所述主屏蔽为耐腐蚀不锈钢或殷瓦钢材料；所述混合介质管路、第一循环管路、第二循环管路均为耐腐蚀不锈钢材料。
10.一种具有薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统的船，其特征在于，包括薄膜型围护系统绝缘层深冷再液化系统，所述薄膜型围护系统如权利要求1-9任意一项所述。
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