CN116379705A - Magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device - Google Patents
Magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116379705A CN116379705A CN202310314628.8A CN202310314628A CN116379705A CN 116379705 A CN116379705 A CN 116379705A CN 202310314628 A CN202310314628 A CN 202310314628A CN 116379705 A CN116379705 A CN 116379705A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100457021 Caenorhabditis elegans mag-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100067996 Mus musculus Gbp1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005308 ferrimagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005408 paramagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device, which comprises a plurality of active magnetic regenerators, a main piston, a high-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature heat exchanger, and solves the technical problems that the prior magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device in the prior art has single flow path system, large heat exchange fluid flow loss and unmatched heat capacities of all stages of active magnetic regenerators, thereby leading to lower liquefying efficiency of the whole magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device and realizing the beneficial effects: the flow path design is more reasonable and effective, and the setting of the shunt branch avoids the problems of large flow loss of heat exchange fluid in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device, mismatching of heat capacities of all stages of active magnetic regenerators and the like, and in addition, the shunted heat exchange fluid is used for precooling hydrogen, so that the liquefying efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and low temperature, and particularly relates to a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device capable of being used for hydrogen liquefaction.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the progress of socioeconomic performance, the influence of refrigeration and low-temperature technology on the development of human society is becoming more important. Particularly in the low-temperature field, the cooling device in the far infrared detection technology, the natural gas and hydrogen liquefying device and the like are from a low-temperature system of the space probe, and the cooling device and the low-temperature technology are required to be supported by great force.
The magnetic refrigeration technology is a novel refrigeration mode, and the basic principle is the magneto-thermal effect of a magneto-thermal working medium. The magnetic refrigeration technology does not need to use gas refrigerants such as fluorochlorohydrocarbon, and the like, so that the problems of ozone layer damage, greenhouse effect and the like are avoided. The magnetic refrigeration technology adopts solid magnetic heat material as refrigeration working medium, and utilizes the repeated exciting exothermic and demagnetizing endothermic processes of the magnetic heat material, thereby realizing the refrigeration purpose. The magnetic refrigeration technology has the advantages of small size, compactness, few moving parts, no pollution, no noise, potential high efficiency and the like, and is widely regarded as a refrigeration technology which is environment-friendly and pollution-free.
The magnetocaloric effect is an inherent property of a magnetocaloric material itself, and refers to a phenomenon in which a magnetocaloric material releases or absorbs heat to the environment during excitation or demagnetization. When no additional magnetic field is applied to the magnetocaloric material, the magnetic moment of the magnetocaloric material starts to be ordered, and the magnetocaloric material does not exist in a disordered form, so that the magnetic entropy of the magnetocaloric material is reduced, the temperature of the magnetocaloric material is increased, and the magnetocaloric material releases heat to the outside; when the magnetic field is removed, the magnetic moment of the magnetocaloric material tends to be in a chaotic state, at the moment, the magnetic entropy of the magnetocaloric material is increased, the temperature of the magnetocaloric material is reduced, and the magnetocaloric material absorbs heat from the outside.
The curie temperature refers to the critical temperature at which the magnetocaloric material finds a phase transition under the action of a magnetic field, that is, the critical point temperature at which ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism changes into paramagnetism. Research shows that the magnetocaloric material has the strongest magnetocaloric effect near the Curie temperature, and is most beneficial to exerting the refrigeration potential; the farther the operating temperature is away from the curie temperature, the less the actual magnetocaloric effect of the magnetocaloric material. Therefore, when the refrigerating temperature span of the magnetic refrigerating system is large, the refrigerating temperature span is difficult to meet by only one type of magnetic heat material, and a plurality of different Curie temperatures of the magnetic heat materials are needed to be used for constructing the multi-layer or multi-stage magnetic refrigerating system, so that various magnetic heat materials can be ensured to work near the Curie temperature of the magnetic refrigerating system, and the refrigerating performance of the magnetic heat materials can be better exerted.
In the field of hydrogen liquefaction, magnetic refrigeration is a small-sized and efficient refrigeration technology with wide development prospect. Because the refrigerating temperature span is larger, for example, from the liquid nitrogen temperature to the liquid hydrogen temperature, the magnetic refrigerating hydrogen liquefying device adopts a multi-stage structure to refrigerate step by step, and the multi-stage structures are connected through a circulating pipeline, so that the continuous refrigeration of the magnetic refrigerating device is realized, and finally, the purpose of liquefying hydrogen is achieved.
In the related art, although a partial magnetic refrigeration device has been developed in the current magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction field, there are problems of single refrigeration flow path, large flow loss, unmatched heat capacity, low liquefaction efficiency and the like.
Therefore, in the field of magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction, there is a need to construct a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device with an efficient flow path system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the problems mentioned in the background art, an object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus comprising: the plurality of active magnetic heat regenerators are sequentially arranged from the first end to the second end, the magneto-thermal materials filled in each active magnetic heat regenerator are sequentially increased, and each active magnetic heat regenerator is communicated with the other active magnetic heat regenerator through a first pipeline and a second pipeline;
the left cavity of the main piston is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end through a third pipeline, and the right cavity is filled with heat exchange fluid and is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the second end through a fourth pipeline;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for precooling the heat exchange fluid, one end of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the active magnetic regenerator at the second end through a fifth pipeline, and the other end of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline;
the low-temperature heat exchanger is used for liquefying hydrogen, one end of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end through a seventh pipeline, and the other end of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the third pipeline through an eighth pipeline;
and when the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are in a passage, the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is opened, and when the fifth pipeline and the seventh pipeline are in a passage, the first control valve is opened, and the second control valve is closed.
In one embodiment, a shunt device is further arranged between every two adjacent active magnetic regenerators, and the shunt device comprises: one end of the shunt heat exchanger is communicated with a first pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through a ninth pipeline, and the other end of the shunt heat exchanger is connected with a left cavity of the shunt piston through a tenth pipeline; the left cavity of the shunt piston is communicated with a second pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through an eleventh pipeline; the connection part of each ninth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding first control valve close to the second end, and the connection part of each eleventh pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding second control valve close to the second end; and the ninth pipeline and the eleventh pipeline are provided with third one-way valves, so that the flow direction of the ninth pipeline faces the split flow heat exchanger and the flow direction of the eleventh pipeline faces away from the split flow piston, and a pressure regulating valve is arranged at the position of the ninth pipeline between the third one-way valve and the split flow heat exchanger.
In one embodiment, the active magnetic regenerator has three and the shunt device has two.
In one embodiment, the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are provided with first check valves, and the fifth pipeline and the seventh pipeline are provided with second check valves; the first one-way valve on the third pipeline is positioned between the joint of the eighth pipeline and the third pipeline and the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end, and the first one-way valve on the fourth pipeline is positioned between the joint of the sixth pipeline and the fourth pipeline and the active magnetic heat regenerator at the second end.
In one embodiment, the first control valve is opened and the second control valve is closed when the piston of the master piston is pushed to the right; when the piston of the main piston is pushed leftwards, the first control valve is closed, and the second control valve is opened.
In one embodiment, the first and second control valves are solenoid valves.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a driving motor for driving the pistons of the main piston and the shunt piston to move leftwards or rightwards according to a driving command.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the on-off of the first control valve and the second control valve and controlling the pressure regulation of the pressure regulating valve, and sending a driving instruction to the driving motor.
In one embodiment, the master piston and the split piston are both hydraulic pistons.
In one embodiment, the magnetic system further comprises a permanent magnet group or a superconducting magnet group, and the N pole and the S pole of the magnetic system are respectively arranged at two sides of the plurality of active magnetic regenerators.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device solves the technical problems that the existing magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device in the prior art is single in flow path system, large in heat exchange fluid flow loss and mismatched in heat capacity of each stage of active magnetic heat regenerator, so that the liquefying efficiency of the whole magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is low, and has the beneficial effects that: the flow path design is more reasonable and effective, and the setting of the shunt branch avoids the problems of large flow loss of heat exchange fluid in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device, mismatching of heat capacities of all stages of active magnetic regenerators and the like, and in addition, the shunted heat exchange fluid is used for precooling hydrogen, so that the liquefying efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of a magnet system of a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, P1: a main piston; p2, P3: a split piston; c1: a low temperature heat exchanger; c2, C3: a split flow heat exchanger; h1: a high temperature heat exchanger; r1, R2, R3: an active magnetic regenerator; v12, V18: a first one-way valve; v11, V17: a second one-way valve; v13, V14, V15, V16: a third one-way valve; v21, V22: a pressure regulating valve; v31, V33: a first control valve; v32, V34: and a second control valve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Hereinafter, a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a plurality of active magnetic heat regenerators (R1, R2 and R3 in the drawing), a main piston P1, a high-temperature heat exchanger H1 and a low-temperature heat exchanger C1, wherein the active magnetic heat regenerators are sequentially arranged from a first end to a second end in turn, the magnetic heat materials filled in each active magnetic heat regenerator are sequentially increased, and each active magnetic heat regenerator is communicated with each other through a first pipeline and a second pipeline; the left cavity of the main piston P1 is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end through a third pipeline, and the right cavity is filled with heat exchange fluid and is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the second end through a fourth pipeline; the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 is used for precooling the heat exchange fluid, one end of the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 is communicated with the active magnetic regenerator at the second end through a fifth pipeline, and the other end of the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 is communicated with the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline; the low-temperature heat exchanger C1 is used for liquefying hydrogen, one end of the low-temperature heat exchanger C1 is communicated with the active magnetic regenerator at the first end through a seventh pipeline, and the other end of the low-temperature heat exchanger C1 is communicated with a third pipeline through an eighth pipeline; each first pipeline is provided with a first control valve (V31 and V33 in the figure), each second pipeline is provided with a second control valve (V32 and V34 in the figure), gas in the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline flows to the second end, gas in the fifth pipeline and the seventh pipeline flows to the first end, when the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are in a passage, the first control valves (V31 and V33 in the figure) are closed, the second control valves (V32 and V34 in the figure) are opened, and when the fifth pipeline and the seventh pipeline are in a passage, the first control valves (V31 and V33 in the figure) are opened, and the second control valves (V32 and V34 in the figure) are closed.
In the drawings, the first pipeline and the second pipeline are not marked, the pipeline between each active magnetic regenerator is positioned above the first pipeline, the pipeline between each active magnetic regenerator is positioned below the first pipeline, the first end and the second end are virtual directions defined for convenience in describing claims, the first end can be understood to be the left side in the drawings of the embodiment, the second end can be understood to be the right end in the drawings of the embodiment, it can be understood that from the leftmost end to the rightmost end, the magneto-caloric materials in each active magnetic regenerator are sequentially increased, because the rightmost active magnetic regenerator is a high-temperature-stage active magnetic regenerator (R3 in the drawings) of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device, the thermal load is relatively large, the filled magneto-caloric materials are more, and the heat generated by the magneto-caloric materials in the active magnetic regenerators in the excitation process and the cold generated by the demagnetizing process are all carried out, so that the mass of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the high-temperature-stage active magnetic regenerator R3 is relatively large; the active magnetic regenerator at the left end is a low temperature level active magnetic regenerator (R1 in the figure) with minimal filling of magnetocaloric material.
It should be noted that the filling amount of the magnetocaloric material in each active magnetic regenerator may be designed based on actual scene requirements.
In this embodiment, there are three active magnetic regenerators and two shunt devices.
In this embodiment, the left cavity of the master piston P1 is communicated with the active magnetic regenerator R1 at the left end through the third pipeline, the heat exchange fluid filled in the right cavity may be helium, the right cavity is communicated with the right end of the high-temperature-level active magnetic regenerator R3 at the right end through the fourth pipeline, and is simultaneously communicated with the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 through the sixth pipeline, because the flow direction of the fourth pipeline can only be rightward, when the active magnetic regenerator is in a demagnetized state, the heat exchange fluid can be blown into the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 by pushing the piston to rightward, and enters the high-temperature-level active magnetic regenerator R3 after flowing through the high-temperature heat exchanger H1 to enter the low-temperature-level active magnetic regenerator R1 through the first pipeline in sequence, so that the liquefaction of hydrogen is realized in the low-temperature-level active magnetic regenerator R1; conversely, when the active magnetic heat regenerator is in an excitation state, the piston of the main piston P1 is pushed leftwards, heat exchange fluid flows into the low-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R1 from the third pipeline and then sequentially flows through other active magnetic heat regenerators through the second pipeline to enter the high-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R3 and then returns to the right cavity of the main piston from the fourth pipeline, and in the process, the heat exchange fluid sequentially takes away heat in the active magnetic heat regenerator, so that the temperature of the magnetic heat materials in the active magnetic heat regenerator is gradually reduced, and therefore, the heat exchange fluid in a fluid system can be in a circulation state, the dead volume loss in the multi-stage active magnetic heat regenerator is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency of the multi-stage active magnetic heat regenerator is improved. It will be appreciated that the initial temperature of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction plant is determined by the set temperature of the high temperature side heat exchanger H1, such as the liquid nitrogen temperature. The high-temperature end heat exchanger H1 can pre-cool heat exchange fluid helium in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device, so that the initial temperature is guaranteed to be near the liquid nitrogen temperature, and a liquid nitrogen bath or a small-sized low-temperature refrigerator can be selected to guarantee the temperature of the high-temperature end heat exchanger H1.
In one embodiment, a shunt device is further arranged between every two adjacent active magnetic regenerators, and the shunt device comprises: a split heat exchanger (C2 and C3 in the figure) and a split piston (P2 and P3 in the figure), wherein one end of the split heat exchanger is communicated with a first pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through a ninth pipeline, and the other end of the split heat exchanger is connected with a left cavity of the split piston through a tenth pipeline; the left cavity of the shunt piston is communicated with a second pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through an eleventh pipeline; the connection part of each ninth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding first control valve close to the second end, and the connection part of each eleventh pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding second control valve close to the second end; and the ninth pipeline and the eleventh pipeline are provided with third one-way valves, so that the flow direction of the ninth pipeline faces the split flow heat exchanger and the flow direction of the eleventh pipeline faces away from the split flow piston, and pressure regulating valves (V21 and V22 in the figure) are arranged at positions of the ninth pipeline between the third one-way valves and the split flow heat exchanger.
In the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device of this embodiment, the heat load of the high-temperature-stage active magnetic regenerator R3 is relatively large, and the filled magnetocaloric material is more, so that the mass flow rate of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the high-temperature-stage active magnetic regenerator R3 is relatively large in order to take out the heat generated by the magnetocaloric material in the excitation process and the cold generated by the demagnetizing process. In order to reasonably match the actual flow condition, two shunt branches are respectively arranged between the high-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R3 and the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2, and between the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2 and the low-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R1, so that the heat exchange fluid flowing through each stage of active magnetic heat regenerator is guaranteed to be the respective optimal mass flow rate, and the heat or cold generated by the magneto-caloric material in each stage of active magnetic heat regenerator can be completely taken out. Wherein the two pressure regulating valves V21, V22 are capable of regulating the mass flow rate of the shunt branch. In addition, in order to prevent the cold energy of the split heat exchange fluid from being wasted, heat exchangers (C2 and C3) are respectively arranged on the split branches, so that the hydrogen can be pre-cooled in sequence.
In one embodiment, the third and fourth lines are provided with first check valves (V12, V18) such that the flow direction of the third and fourth lines is only to the right, and the fifth and seventh lines are provided with second check valves (V11, V17) such that the flow direction of the fifth and seventh lines is only to the left; the first check valve V12 on the third pipeline is positioned between the joint of the eighth pipeline and the third pipeline and the active magnetic regenerator R1 at the first end, and the first check valve V18 on the fourth pipeline is positioned between the joint of the sixth pipeline and the fourth pipeline and the active magnetic regenerator R3 at the second end.
In one embodiment, when the piston of the master piston P1 is pushed to the right, the first control valve is opened and the second control valve is closed; when the piston of the main piston is pushed leftwards, the first control valve is closed, and the second control valve is opened. In this embodiment, the first control valve and the second control valve are solenoid valves.
Further, a driving motor (not shown) for driving the pistons of the main piston and the split piston to move leftwards or rightwards according to a driving command is also included. The controller is used for controlling the on-off of the first control valve and the second control valve and controlling the pressure regulation of the pressure regulating valve, and sending a driving instruction to the driving motor.
In one embodiment, the master piston and the split piston are both hydraulic pistons.
In one embodiment, the magnetic system further comprises a permanent magnet group or a superconducting magnet group, and the N pole and the S pole of the magnetic system are respectively arranged at two sides of the plurality of active magnetic regenerators.
In particular, the embodiments shown in fig. 1 and 2 are described.
As shown in fig. 1, the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device provided in this embodiment mainly includes: three hydraulic pistons P1, P2 and P3, three low-temperature-end heat exchangers C1, C2 and C3, one high-temperature-end heat exchanger H1, three-stage active magnetic regenerators R1, R2 and R3, eight one-way valves V11, V12, V13, V14, V15, V16, V17 and V18, two pressure regulating valves V21 and V22 and four electromagnetic valves V31, V32, V33 and V34.
It will be appreciated that the initial temperature of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction plant is determined by the set temperature of the high temperature side heat exchanger H1, such as the liquid nitrogen temperature. The high-temperature end heat exchanger H1 can pre-cool heat exchange fluid helium in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device, so that the initial temperature is guaranteed to be near the liquid nitrogen temperature, and a liquid nitrogen bath or a small-sized low-temperature refrigerator can be selected to guarantee the temperature of the high-temperature end heat exchanger H1.
It will be appreciated that the high temperature stage active magnetic regenerator R3 of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus has a relatively large thermal load and is filled with more magnetocaloric material, and the mass flow rate of the heat exchange fluid flowing through the high temperature stage active magnetic regenerator R3 is also relatively large in order to carry out the heat generated by the magnetocaloric material during the excitation process and the cold generated by the demagnetizing process in the regenerator. In order to reasonably match the actual flow condition, two shunt branches are respectively arranged between the high-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R3 and the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2, and between the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2 and the low-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R1, so that the heat exchange fluid flowing through each stage of active magnetic heat regenerator is guaranteed to be the respective optimal mass flow rate, and the heat or cold generated by the magneto-caloric material in each stage of active magnetic heat regenerator can be completely taken out. Wherein the two pressure regulating valves V21, V22 are capable of regulating the mass flow rate of the shunt branch. In addition, in order to prevent the cold energy of the split heat exchange fluid from being wasted, heat exchangers C2 and C3 are respectively arranged on the split branch, so that the hydrogen can be pre-cooled in sequence.
It is understood that the flow path system of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus includes a plurality of flow paths. When the demagnetizing of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is finished, the temperature of the magneto-caloric material in the multi-stage active magnetic heat regenerator is lower. At this time, the electromagnetic valves V32 and V34 are closed, the electromagnetic valves V31 and V33 are opened, the hydraulic pistons P1, P2 and P3 are all moved rightward, the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is in a cold blowing process, and the heat exchange fluid in the pistons is pushed to flow anticlockwise in the pipeline. The heat exchange fluid is first cooled by the high temperature side heat exchanger H1 to maintain the initial temperature near the liquid nitrogen temperature. The main flow path of the heat exchange fluid sequentially passes through the one-way valve V17, the high-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R3, the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2, the low-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R1 and the electromagnetic valve V11, and finally flows into the low-temperature-end heat exchanger C1 to generate a refrigerating effect so as to liquefy the hydrogen. The heat exchange fluid is cooled step by the three active magnetic regenerators R3, R2 and R1 when flowing through the multi-stage active magnetic regenerators. In addition, in the cold blowing process, part of heat exchange fluid flows into the branch flow paths respectively, and pre-cools hydrogen in the low-temperature end heat exchangers C3 and C2, so that the hydrogen reaching the temperature of liquid nitrogen is further cooled, and a foundation is provided for liquefying the hydrogen in the low-temperature end heat exchanger C1. Finally, the heat exchange fluid of the split branch, after passing through the heat exchangers C2 and C3, enters the left chambers of the hydraulic pistons P2, P3, respectively. Wherein A1 is directly connected with A2, B1 is directly connected with B2, and the pressure regulating valves V21 and V22 can regulate the mass flow rate of the heat exchange fluid flowing into the diversion branch.
Likewise, it can be appreciated that the temperature of the magnetocaloric material in the multi-stage active magnetic regenerator is higher when the excitation of the magnetic hydrogen liquefaction plant is completed. At this time, the electromagnetic valves V31 and V33 are closed, the electromagnetic valves V32 and V34 are opened, the hydraulic pistons P1, P2 and P3 are all moved leftwards, the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is in a hot blowing process, and the heat exchange fluid in the pistons is pushed to flow clockwise in the pipeline. After the heat exchange fluid absorbs heat in the low-temperature end heat exchanger C1, the temperature of the heat exchange fluid is slightly higher than the liquid hydrogen temperature. The main flow path of the heat exchange fluid sequentially passes through the one-way valve V12, the low-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R1, the medium-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R2, the high-temperature-stage active magnetic heat regenerator R3 and the electromagnetic valve V18, and finally flows into the right chamber of the hydraulic piston P1. When the heat exchange fluid helium flows through the multi-stage active magnetic heat regenerator, heat generated by the magnetocaloric material in the multi-stage active magnetic heat regenerator is taken away, and the temperature is gradually increased. In addition, during the hot blowing process, both hydraulic pistons P2, P3 move to the left, so that a portion of the heat exchange fluid merges from the bypass line into the main flow path.
Referring to fig. 2, a magnet system of a magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device is provided in an embodiment.
It can be understood that the magnet system Mag1 is outside the multi-stage active magnetic regenerator and can be formed by a permanent magnet group or a superconducting magnet group, which can provide a magnetic field for generating change outside the multi-stage active magnetic regenerator, so that the magnetocaloric material in the multi-stage active magnetic regenerator generates a magnetocaloric effect and is matched with the flow of heat exchange fluid in the flow path system, thereby the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device generates refrigeration effect and achieves the purpose of liquefying hydrogen. When the magnetic field of the magnet system is gradually enhanced, the multistage active magnetic heat regenerator is in an excitation state, and the temperature of the magnetocaloric material in the heat regenerator is gradually increased; when the magnetic field of the magnet system is gradually weakened, the multistage active magnetic heat regenerator is in a demagnetizing state, and the temperature of the magnetocaloric materials in the heat regenerator is gradually reduced.
Therefore, the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device provided by the embodiment solves the technical problems that the flow system of the existing magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device in the prior art is single, the flow loss of heat exchange fluid is large, and the heat capacities of all stages of active magnetic regenerators are not matched, so that the liquefying efficiency of the whole magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is low, and the beneficial effects are realized:
1) The design of double-flow paths in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device ensures that heat exchange fluid in a fluid system can be in a flow state, reduces dead volume loss in the multistage active magnetic heat regenerator, and improves the refrigeration efficiency of the multistage active magnetic heat regenerator;
2) The magnetic heat materials filled in all stages of active magnetic regenerators of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device are different, and in order to solve the problem of heat capacity matching, a shunt branch is arranged between all stages of active magnetic regenerators so as to ensure that heat exchange fluid in all stages of active magnetic regenerators is in a state of good mass flow rate, and the refrigerating efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is improved;
3) And a shunt branch is arranged in the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device, so that redundant cold energy can be used for precooling hydrogen, and the liquefying efficiency of the magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying device is improved.
In the description of the present invention, furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "another," "yet another" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction apparatus, comprising:
the plurality of active magnetic heat regenerators are sequentially arranged from the first end to the second end, the magneto-thermal materials filled in each active magnetic heat regenerator are sequentially increased, and each active magnetic heat regenerator is communicated with the other active magnetic heat regenerator through a first pipeline and a second pipeline;
the left cavity of the main piston is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end through a third pipeline, and the right cavity is filled with heat exchange fluid and is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the second end through a fourth pipeline;
the high-temperature heat exchanger is used for precooling the heat exchange fluid, one end of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the active magnetic regenerator at the second end through a fifth pipeline, and the other end of the high-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline;
the low-temperature heat exchanger is used for liquefying hydrogen, one end of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end through a seventh pipeline, and the other end of the low-temperature heat exchanger is communicated with the third pipeline through an eighth pipeline;
and when the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline are in a passage, the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is opened, and when the fifth pipeline and the seventh pipeline are in a passage, the first control valve is opened, and the second control valve is closed.
2. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device according to claim 1, wherein a shunt device is further arranged between every two adjacent active magnetic regenerators, and the shunt device comprises: one end of the shunt heat exchanger is communicated with a first pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through a ninth pipeline, and the other end of the shunt heat exchanger is connected with a left cavity of the shunt piston through a tenth pipeline; the left cavity of the shunt piston is communicated with a second pipeline for connecting two adjacent active magnetic regenerators through an eleventh pipeline; the connection part of each ninth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding first control valve close to the second end, and the connection part of each eleventh pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned at one side of the corresponding second control valve close to the second end; and the ninth pipeline and the eleventh pipeline are provided with third one-way valves, so that the flow direction of the ninth pipeline faces the split flow heat exchanger and the flow direction of the eleventh pipeline faces away from the split flow piston, and a pressure regulating valve is arranged at the position of the ninth pipeline between the third one-way valve and the split flow heat exchanger.
3. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 2, wherein there are three active magnetic regenerators and two shunt devices.
4. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefying apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the third and fourth pipelines are provided with first check valves, and the fifth and seventh pipelines are provided with second check valves; the first one-way valve on the third pipeline is positioned between the joint of the eighth pipeline and the third pipeline and the active magnetic heat regenerator at the first end, and the first one-way valve on the fourth pipeline is positioned between the joint of the sixth pipeline and the fourth pipeline and the active magnetic heat regenerator at the second end.
5. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 2, wherein the first control valve is open and the second control valve is closed when the piston of the main piston is pushed to the right; when the piston of the main piston is pushed leftwards, the first control valve is closed, and the second control valve is opened.
6. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 5, wherein the first and second control valves are solenoid valves.
7. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 5, further comprising a drive motor for driving the pistons of the main and split pistons to move left or right in accordance with a drive command.
8. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device according to claim 7, further comprising a controller for controlling on-off of the first control valve and the second control valve, controlling pressure adjustment of the pressure adjusting valve, and sending a driving command to the driving motor.
9. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 2, wherein the primary piston and the split piston are both hydraulic pistons.
10. The magnetic refrigeration hydrogen liquefaction device of claim 1, further comprising a magnet system comprising a set of permanent magnets or a set of superconducting magnets, the N-and S-poles of which are disposed on either side of the plurality of active magnetic regenerators, respectively.
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