CN116377237A - Method for removing tellurium from high tellurium-content silver and refining silver - Google Patents

Method for removing tellurium from high tellurium-content silver and refining silver Download PDF

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CN116377237A
CN116377237A CN202310329123.9A CN202310329123A CN116377237A CN 116377237 A CN116377237 A CN 116377237A CN 202310329123 A CN202310329123 A CN 202310329123A CN 116377237 A CN116377237 A CN 116377237A
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silver
tellurium
reaction
content
powder
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李超
周兴
李清
陈德海
刘俊林
梁祖祯
王家利
刘祖涛
柴兴雄
李治富
李涵璇
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Yunnan Dianjin Investment Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • C22B11/042Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/044Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of noble metal hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for removing tellurium from high tellurium alloy silver, which comprises the steps of reacting concentrated nitric acid with the high tellurium alloy silver, filtering after the reaction is completed, adding sodium chloride into a silver nitrate solution for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride; adding dilute sulfuric acid into the obtained silver chloride, stirring, adjusting the pH value to be less than 2, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 60-90 ℃; then adding iron powder for reaction, filtering after the reaction is completed, and obtaining a filter cake which is reduced silver powder, wherein the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008% by mass percent.

Description

Method for removing tellurium from high tellurium-content silver and refining silver
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of noble metal hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for removing tellurium from high-tellurium-content silver.
Background
Tellurium is a metalloid, and the crust abundance of tellurium is lx10- 7 In% no independent industrial minerals of tellurium have been found. The tellurium ore resources are distributed in a scattered way, are mostly associated with other minerals or exist in other minerals in the form of impurities, and the content is only 0.001% -0.1%; the main tellurium minerals include tellurium lead ore, tellurium bismuth ore, tellurium gold ore, tellurium copper ore, etc. Although tellurium is of lower grade, such minerals are better floatable. In silver purification, the technology is that after cyanide leaching and zinc powder replacement are carried out on tellurium-containing gold concentrate, part of tellurium is enriched in anode slime, anode slime is cast into an anode plate for electrolysis, high-purity silver and anode slime are obtained, and tellurium element enters electrolyte, anode slime and high-purity silver along with the tellurium element. The influence of tellurium on the refining process is mainly that the quality of electrolytic silver powder is influenced, so that the tellurium content in the electrolytic silver exceeds the standard and does not accord with the national standard No. 2 silver; secondly, the electrolyte is seriously polluted, and the purification frequency of the electrolyte is increased.
The existing tellurium precipitation method cannot meet production requirements and process flows in many aspects, such as a treatment process of high-silver tellurium-containing anode slime disclosed in CN113201650A, gold and silver are separated by a wet method, then slag is formed by adding a fire method in an alkaline melting way to remove tellurium, a large amount of reducing agent is needed to be added, the process flow is long, the operation is complex, a large amount of harmful gas can be generated in the smelting process, tellurium with the quality of an electrolytic silver product needs to be treated in a mode of at least two alkaline melting slag forming tellurium removal manners, the production period is greatly prolonged, the reduction rate is low, and industrial production is not facilitated; the tellurium content of silver powder treated by the process is reduced to 0.0008 percent, and only reaches the standard of national standard IC-Ag99.95. In national standard No. 2 silver ingots and silver ingots below which are sold by most tellurium gold ores in China, the content of tellurium is almost about 0.001%, and how to refine the silver ingots which do not reach the standards to IC-Ag99.95 (Te is less than or equal to 0.0008%) and IC-Ag99.999 standard (Te is less than or equal to 0.00005%) is an important subject of the industrial research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for removing tellurium from high tellurium content silver to refine silver, which can further reduce the tellurium content in silver powder to reach the national standard of No. 2 silver.
The specific technical scheme is as follows: a method of refining silver to remove tellurium from high tellurium content silver, comprising the steps of: (1) In a reaction vessel, reacting concentrated nitric acid with high tellurium content silver, filtering after the reaction is complete (no reaction can be seen), and taking silver nitrate solution for standby; (2) Adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride; (3) Adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid, stirring, adjusting the pH value to be less than 2, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 60-90 ℃; (4) Adding iron powder into the reaction vessel in the step (3) for reaction, filtering after the reaction is completed, and obtaining a filter cake which is reduced silver powder, wherein the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008% in percentage by mass.
Further, in the step (1), the reaction temperature is not higher than 90 ℃, and the reaction is exothermic, so that the reaction temperature is generally higher than the room temperature, but the released heat is not too high, so that the temperature of the reaction is not too high; preferably, the reaction temperature is 80-90 ℃, the reaction is very slow, the temperature is too high and boiling, the heating mode is water bath heating or steam heating, the reaction kettle is double-layer hollow, and steam is introduced in the middle for heating; the concentration of the concentrated nitric acid is 13-15 mol/L.
In the step (4), iron powder is added according to the mass-to-solid ratio of 4-4.5:1 of silver chloride for reduction.
In the step (3), adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction vessel, adding dilute sulfuric acid, stirring, adjusting the pH value to be 1-2, controlling the reaction temperature to be 60-90 ℃, and reducing the tellurium content in the silver powder to be less than or equal to 0.0008% in percentage by mass.
In the step (3), silver chloride obtained in the step (2) is placed in a reaction kettle, dilute sulfuric acid is added for stirring, the pH value is regulated to be less than 1, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, and the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.00005% in percentage by mass.
According to the method, the pH value of the obtained silver chloride is adjusted to 1-2 by adding dilute sulfuric acid, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, and the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008 percent (national standard No. 2 silver standard) in percentage by mass; and further, adding dilute sulfuric acid into the obtained silver chloride to adjust the pH value to be less than 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reducing silver powder (national standard 1# silver standard) with the tellurium content of less than or equal to 0.00005% in percentage by mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a national standard 1# silver standard;
FIG. 2 is a national standard 2# silver standard;
FIGS. 3-1 and 3-2 show silver component detection reports.
Description of the embodiments
Examples 1 to 15
A method for refining silver by removing tellurium from high tellurium content silver (tellurium exceeds 0.001% in silver powder), firstly, putting tellurium-containing gold-silver alloy into a 1000L glass lining reaction kettle for paving; reacting concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of 13-15 mol/L with high tellurium content silver, wherein the reaction temperature is not higher than 90 ℃, filtering after the reaction is completed, and taking silver nitrate solution for later use; (2) Adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride; (3) Adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 5.0-9.2 mol/L, stirring, adjusting the pH value to be less than 2, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 60-90 ℃; (4) And (3) adding iron powder into the reaction container in the step (3) according to the mass-solid ratio of silver chloride of 4-4.5:1 for reaction, and filtering after the reaction is completed, wherein the obtained filter cake is the reduced silver powder.
Recording and analyzing the tellurium content of the alloy, the sulfuric acid concentration, the iron powder addition, the sodium chloride addition, the tellurium content of the gold ingot after tellurium precipitation and the tellurium content of the silver ingot after tellurium precipitation, and the results are shown in the following table.
Examples 1 to 15 test
Figure SMS_1
Examples 1 to 3, the pH was adjusted to 1 by adding dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature (without heating), and the mixture was stirred by adding silver chloride and stirring until the silver chloride was completely reduced to silver powder. Some tellurium is dissolved in sulfuric acid, and some tellurium precipitates in silver powder, which affects the quality of the subsequent product.
In examples 4 to 6, dilute sulfuric acid is added at the temperature of 60 to 75 ℃ to adjust the pH value to 1, silver chloride is added and stirred, and reduced iron powder is added and stirred until the silver chloride is completely reduced into silver powder. Wherein most tellurium is dissolved in sulfuric acid, and a small amount of tellurium is precipitated in silver powder, so that the national standard 2# silver standard requirement is met.
Examples 7 to 9, the pH value was adjusted to 2 by adding dilute sulfuric acid at a temperature of 60 to 75℃and stirring, and the reduced iron powder was added and stirred until the silver chloride was completely reduced to silver powder. Wherein most tellurium is dissolved in sulfuric acid, and a small amount of tellurium is precipitated in silver powder, so that the national standard 2# silver standard requirement is met.
Examples 10 to 12, the pH value was adjusted to 2 by adding dilute sulfuric acid at 80 to 90℃and stirring, and the reduced iron powder was added and stirred until the silver chloride was completely reduced to silver powder. Wherein most tellurium is dissolved in sulfuric acid, and a small amount of tellurium is precipitated in silver powder, so that the national standard 2# silver standard requirement is met.
Examples 13 to 15, the pH value is adjusted to 1 by adding dilute sulfuric acid at the temperature of 80 to 90 ℃ and then adding silver chloride and stirring, and adding reduced iron powder and stirring until the silver chloride is completely reduced into silver powder. Tellurium is basically dissolved in sulfuric acid, and meets the national standard 1# silver standard requirement.
In summary, the pH value of the silver chloride obtained is adjusted to 1-2 by adding dilute sulfuric acid, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 60-90 ℃, and the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008 percent (national standard No. 2 silver standard) in percentage by mass; and further, adding dilute sulfuric acid into the obtained silver chloride to adjust the pH value to be less than 1, controlling the reaction temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reducing silver powder (national standard 1# silver standard) with the tellurium content of less than or equal to 0.00005% in percentage by mass.
Further experiments verify.
Examples
Firstly, 200kg of synthetic silver quenching beads containing 0.48% tellurium are put into a 1000L glass lining reaction kettle for paving; reacting concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of 13.0mol/L with high tellurium content silver at the reaction temperature of 90 ℃ until no reaction is seen, filtering, and taking silver nitrate solution for later use;
adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride;
adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 5.0mol/L, stirring, adjusting the pH value to 1.0, and controlling the reaction temperature to 80 ℃;
and (3) adding iron powder into the reaction container in the step (3) according to the mass-solid ratio of silver chloride of 4:1 for reaction, and filtering after the reaction is completed, wherein the obtained filter cake is the reduced silver powder.
The reduction rate of silver is 96%, and the tellurium content of the silver powder after the process treatment is less than or equal to 0.00005% by assay analysis, thereby meeting the new standard requirement.
Examples
(1) Firstly, 220kg of synthetic silver quenching beads containing 0.31% tellurium are put into a 1000L glass lining reaction kettle for paving; reacting concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of 14mol/L with high tellurium content silver, filtering the reaction solution until no reaction is seen at the reaction temperature of 80 ℃, and taking a silver nitrate solution for later use;
(2) Adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride;
(3) Adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 7.6mol/L, stirring, adjusting the pH value to 0.8, and controlling the reaction temperature to 85 ℃;
(4) Adding iron powder into the reaction container in the step (3) according to the mass-solid ratio of silver chloride of 4.3:1 for reaction, and filtering after the reaction is completed, wherein the obtained filter cake is the reduced silver powder.
The reduction rate of silver is 97%, and the tellurium content of the silver powder after the process treatment is less than or equal to 0.00005% by assay analysis, thereby meeting the new standard requirement.
Examples
(1) Firstly, putting 198kg of synthetic silver quenching beads containing 0.52% tellurium into a 1000L glass lining reaction kettle for paving; reacting concentrated nitric acid with the concentration of 15.0mol/L with high tellurium content silver at the reaction temperature of 70 ℃ until no reaction is seen, filtering, and taking silver nitrate solution for later use;
(2) Adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride;
(3) Adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 9.2mol/L, stirring, adjusting the pH value to 0.6, and controlling the reaction temperature to 90 ℃;
(4) Adding iron powder into the reaction container in the step (3) according to the mass-solid ratio of silver chloride of 4.5:1 for reaction, and filtering after the reaction is completed to obtain a filter cake which is the reduced silver powder.
The reduction rate of silver is 96%, and the tellurium content of the silver powder after the process treatment is less than or equal to 0.00005% by assay analysis, thereby meeting the new standard requirement.

Claims (7)

1. A method for refining silver to remove tellurium from high tellurium content silver, comprising the steps of:
(1) In a reaction vessel, reacting concentrated nitric acid with high tellurium content silver, filtering after the reaction is completed, and taking silver nitrate solution for standby;
(2) Adding sodium chloride into the silver nitrate solution obtained in the step (1) for reduction, and filtering to obtain a filter cake which is reduced silver chloride;
(3) Adding the silver chloride obtained in the step (2) into a reaction container, adding dilute sulfuric acid, stirring, adjusting the pH value to be less than 2, and controlling the reaction temperature to be 60-90 ℃;
(4) Adding iron powder into the reaction vessel in the step (3) for reaction, filtering after the reaction is completed, and obtaining a filter cake which is reduced silver powder, wherein the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008% in percentage by mass.
2. A method for removing tellurium from high tellurium compound silver according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in step (1) is not higher than 90 ℃.
3. The method for removing tellurium from high tellurium content silver as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 80 to 90 ℃.
4. The method for removing tellurium from high tellurium content silver, as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), iron powder is added for reduction in a mass solids ratio of 4 to 4.5:1 of silver chloride.
5. The method for removing tellurium from high tellurium content silver, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the concentrated nitric acid concentration is 13 to 15mol/L.
6. The method for removing tellurium from high-tellurium-content silver, as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), silver chloride obtained in the step (2) is added into a reaction vessel, diluted sulfuric acid is added and stirred, the pH value is adjusted to 1-2, the reaction temperature is controlled to 60-90 ℃, and the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.0008% by mass percent.
7. The method for removing tellurium from high-tellurium-content silver refining disclosed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), silver chloride obtained in the step (2) is placed in a reaction kettle, dilute sulfuric acid is added and stirred, the pH value is regulated to be less than 1, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, and the tellurium content in the reduced silver powder is less than or equal to 0.00005% in percentage by mass.
CN202310329123.9A 2023-03-30 2023-03-30 Method for removing tellurium from high tellurium-content silver and refining silver Pending CN116377237A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4293332A (en) * 1977-06-08 1981-10-06 Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Hydrometallurgical process for recovering precious metals from anode slime
AU2003261548A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-03 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Process for refining raw copper material containing copper sulfide mineral
KR20070039211A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 한국지질자원연구원 Refining method of high purity silver from silver scrap
JP2009102724A (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-05-14 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd Method for producing silver powder
CN102703708A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-03 姚彦君 Method for extracting gold and silver from electronic wastes
CN113201650A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-08-03 青海昆仑黄金有限公司 Treatment process of high-silver tellurium-containing gold mud

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4293332A (en) * 1977-06-08 1981-10-06 Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research Hydrometallurgical process for recovering precious metals from anode slime
AU2003261548A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-06-03 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. Process for refining raw copper material containing copper sulfide mineral
KR20070039211A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-11 한국지질자원연구원 Refining method of high purity silver from silver scrap
JP2009102724A (en) * 2007-10-26 2009-05-14 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd Method for producing silver powder
CN102703708A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-03 姚彦君 Method for extracting gold and silver from electronic wastes
CN113201650A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-08-03 青海昆仑黄金有限公司 Treatment process of high-silver tellurium-containing gold mud

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
马玉天: "从高铅碲渣中浸出碲的热力学分析及实验", 《中南大学学报》, vol. 37, no. 3, 30 June 2006 (2006-06-30), pages 498 - 504 *

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