CN116371361A - Nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116371361A CN116371361A CN202310391758.1A CN202310391758A CN116371361A CN 116371361 A CN116371361 A CN 116371361A CN 202310391758 A CN202310391758 A CN 202310391758A CN 116371361 A CN116371361 A CN 116371361A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
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- -1 amino compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 41
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 19
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- HAXVIVNBOQIMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxylatomethylamino)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CNCC([O-])=O HAXVIVNBOQIMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28064—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 500-1000 m2/g
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of environment-friendly materials, in particular to the field of heavy metal adsorption, and discloses nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon, and a preparation method and application thereof. And (3) performing alkali treatment, washing and drying on the coir, putting the coir into a mixed solution of dopamine and amino compounds for codeposition to obtain codeposition coir, washing, drying, activating and carbonizing to obtain coir activated carbon, and washing and drying the obtained coir activated carbon to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon. The active carbon fiber prepared by the invention has wide sources of raw materials and low costThe preparation process is simple and direct. The prepared active carbon fiber is ensured to be 950m 2 The high specific surface area per gram introduces a large amount of nitrogen-containing functional groups, has stronger chemisorption capability, has the adsorption amount of 50.38mg/g for Cu (II), and is a heavy metal adsorbent with excellent performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heavy metal adsorption, and particularly relates to nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir activated carbon, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The total amount of fresh water resources in China is rich, but people are relatively short of the fresh water resources, and along with the rapid development of industry, the use amount of heavy metals is increased increasingly, and due to improper factory treatment measures, more and more water sources are polluted by the heavy metals.
Common treatment methods of heavy metal wastewater include precipitation, membrane separation, electrochemical and adsorption methods. The adsorption method has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, good adsorption effect, convenient use, no secondary pollution and the like. Activated carbon is widely used by people due to the abundant pores and the large specific surface area. But the active carbon which is commercially used at present has few surface active groups, low porosity, higher cost and poorer adsorption performance. Therefore, modification of activated carbon to improve the adsorption capacity is a hot spot of research. Currently, the commonly used activated carbon modification methods are mainly chemical modification methods. The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN104525129A discloses a method for improving the adsorption capacity of active carbon by grafting disodium iminodiacetate to introduce hydroxyl, carboxyl and iminodiacetate on the surface of the active carbon; chinese patent application publication No. CN115212843a discloses a method for improving the adsorption capacity of activated carbon by introducing metal oxide to the activated carbon through a series of chemical reactions. The two methods increase active groups on the surface of the active carbon, but have long experimental procedures, complex modification conditions and easy damage to the pore structure. Polydopamine has received much attention as a latest surface coating material due to its high adhesion, mild polymerization conditions and a large amount of active groups.
At present, the main production raw materials of the activated carbon are wood and coal, but for the sustainable development, people start to aim at agricultural wastes such as straw, peanut shells, coconut shells and the like. Currently, the common activated carbon is mainly in a block shape or a powder shape. The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN110743494A discloses a corncob modified activated carbon heavy metal adsorption material which is prepared by taking corncobs as raw materials and performing impregnation with potassium permanganate solution, high-temperature carbonization, impregnation with sodium hydroxide solution and drying treatment. The material maintains the blocky structure of the corncob, is convenient to recycle, but because micropores are mainly distributed on the surface, the internal holes are fewer and are mostly partially closed or semi-closed micropores, and the adsorption is difficult to participate, so that the adsorption capacity is poor. The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN109499532A discloses a composite activated carbon adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals, which is prepared from plant hulls, sludge and oil sludge by steps of crushing, oxidizing, carbonizing, activating, pickling, drying and the like. The material has good adsorption performance, but the activated carbon is in powder form, the flow resistance in the adsorption process is large, and the activated carbon is not easy to recover after adsorption, so that secondary pollution is easy to cause.
Coconut trees are distributed in large quantities in Hainan province and Taiwan province in China, the pulp of the coconut trees can be eaten, and the coconut shells can be used for preparing various utensils and artware. Most of the stems of coconuts are burnt or buried except for being used as brushes, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. The coconut leaf stalk fiber is extracted, and the nitrogen source is introduced by the dopamine codeposition technology, so that the nitrogen-doped coconut stalk fiber active carbon is finally successfully prepared, is used for adsorbing heavy metals, can fully utilize coconut resources, and truly changes waste into valuable.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
The invention also aims to provide the nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon prepared by the method, which has the advantages of simple preparation process, multiple micropores, large specific surface area, multiple active functional groups, good reusability and capability of effectively adsorbing heavy metals.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the use of the above nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon comprises the following steps:
(1) Alkali treatment is carried out on the coir, and the coir is washed and dried and then is placed in a mixed solution of dopamine and amino compounds for codeposition, so that the codeposition coir is obtained;
(2) Washing and drying the co-deposited coir obtained in the step (1), and activating and carbonizing to obtain the coir active carbon;
(3) And (3) washing and drying the coconut coir active carbon obtained in the step (2) to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Preferably, the concentration of the dopamine in the step (1) is 2-10mg/ml, and the concentration of the amino compound is 1-10mg/ml.
More preferably, the dopamine concentration in step (1) is 2mg/ml and the amino compound concentration is 2mg/ml.
Preferably, the codeposition time in the step (1) is 2-24h, the deposition temperature is room temperature, the rotation speed is 100-200 r/min, the pH of the mixed solution is 8-10, and the mass concentration of the coir in the mixed solution is 1-5g/100ml.
Preferably, the activation of step (2) is by placing the co-deposited coir into ZnCl 2 Activated in solution, znCl 2 The mass concentration of the solution is 5-30%, znCl 2 The liquid-solid ratio ml/g of the solution to the coir is 20:1-100:1, the activation temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the activation time is 6-12h.
Preferably, the carbonization in the step (2) is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, the heated carbonization is carried out in a tube furnace, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, the carbonization time is 2-3 h, and the nitrogen flow is 200-300 ml/min.
Preferably, the amino compound of step (1) is ethylenediamine or polyethyleneimine.
Preferably, the alkali treatment in the step (1) is carried out for 2-10 hours by NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 10% -15%;
the washing in the step (3) is carried out by hydrochloric acid and water, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1-1mol/L, 20-30 ml of hydrochloric acid is added into every 1g of coconut fiber activated carbon, and the pickling time is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, the drying in the steps (1) and (3) is carried out at 80 ℃ for 5-8 hours, the drying in the step (2) is carried out in vacuum, and the drying is carried out at 70 ℃ for 5-6 hours;
the coir is extracted from coconut leaf stalks, has a diameter of about 0.7-0.9mm and a length of about 6-8cm, and is cut into 3cm when in use.
The nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon is prepared by the method.
The nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon is applied to the treatment of sewage containing heavy metals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention takes the agricultural waste coir as the raw material and successfully prepares the coir activated carbon, the raw material has wide sources, low cost and reproducibility, and compared with the traditional phenolic-based and viscose-based activated carbon fibers, the invention can save the step of pre-oxidation, simplify the experimental process and reduce the cost.
(2) According to the invention, active functional groups such as amino, imino, hydroxyl and the like are introduced into the surface of the fiber through a dopamine-assisted codeposition technology, the reaction flow is simple, the reaction condition is mild, and a large amount of nitrogen elements are successfully detected on the finally prepared active carbon fiber, so that the introduction of a nitrogen source is proved, and the adsorption capacity of the material is greatly improved through the complexation with heavy metals.
(3) According to the invention, the coconut fiber activated carbon is obtained by activating zinc chloride and carbonizing the activated carbon at high temperature in a tube furnace, the experimental flow is simple, the operation is easy, and compared with acid-base activation, the zinc chloride activation has less corrosion to equipment. The finally obtained activated carbon is fibrous, has a specific surface area as high as 950m2/g, has a large number of micropores, has short pore channels, is quicker to adsorb and desorb, is easier to recover and is not easy to cause secondary pollution compared with granular and powdery activated carbon. And the nitrogen-containing functional group is introduced, so that the chemical adsorption capacity of the activated carbon fiber is improved, the adsorption capacity of Cu (II) is as high as 50.38mg/g, and the adsorption capacity is strong.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of coir extraction in example 3.
Fig. 2 is a microscopic morphology of the scanning electron microscope of the coir fiber before and after co-deposition of dopamine and polyethylenimine in example 3, 2 (a) being before coating and 2 (b) being after coating.
FIG. 3 shows the microscopic morphology of the activated carbon fiber in example 3, FIG. 3 (a) and the EDS spectrum analysis, FIG. 3 (b).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and may be performed with reference to conventional techniques for process parameters that are not specifically noted.
Example 1
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, respectively adding 0.2g of dopamine and 0.2g of polyethyleneimine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 5 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Example 2
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, respectively adding 0.2g of dopamine and 0.2g of polyethyleneimine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 10 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Example 3
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, respectively adding 0.2g of dopamine and 0.2g of polyethyleneimine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Example 4
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, respectively adding 0.2g of dopamine and 0.2g of polyethyleneimine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 30 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Comparative example 1
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(3) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 520 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(4) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, soaking for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber, exposing holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the porous coconut coir active carbon.
Comparative example 2
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, adding 0.2g of dopamine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
Comparative example 3
(1) Extracting coir, shearing to be 3cm long, alkali-treating the coir for 2 hours by using 10% NaOH solution, washing with deionized water, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain alkali-treated coir;
(2) Taking 100ml of deionized water, regulating the pH of the solution to 8.5, respectively adding 0.2g of dopamine and 0.1g of polyethyleneimine, uniformly stirring, adding 1g of alkali-treated coir, stirring at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, taking out, washing the solution with deionized water to pH=7, and drying in a vacuum oven at 70 ℃ for 5 hours;
(3) Taking 5g of coir after alkali treatment in a beaker, adding 100ml of ZnCl with the mass fraction of 20 percent 2 The solution was activated for 12h with stirring at room temperature, filtered and dried in an oven at 80℃for 5h. Obtaining ZnCl 2 Activated coir;
(4) Taking 5g ZnCl 2 Placing the activated coir into a tube furnace, heating under nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the nitrogen flow is 200ml/min, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 2 hours to obtain the coir active carbon;
(5) Taking out the coconut coir active carbon, adding 20ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L to soak for 0.5h, removing ash and zinc chloride on the surface of the fiber to expose holes on the surface of the fiber, washing with deionized water, filtering, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 5h to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
The test method of the sample comprises the following steps:
(1) The activated carbon fibers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 described above were subjected to BET specific surface area and pore distribution tests, and compared with rice hulls and sludge activated carbon, and the test results are shown in table 1.
(2) The activated carbons prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to Cu (II) adsorption experiments under the following conditions: 100ml of copper sulfate solution with the concentration of Cu (II) of 100mg/L is respectively taken and placed in a 250ml beaker, 0.5g of the prepared adsorption material is weighed and adsorbed for 6 hours, the concentration of heavy metal ions is measured after adsorption, the adsorption quantity of the adsorption material is calculated, the calculation formula is shown in a formula (1), and the result of an adsorption experiment is shown in a table 2.
q＝(Co-Ce)*V/M (1)
q is the adsorption amount (mg/g); co is the initial concentration (mg/L) of Cu (II) before adsorption; ce is Cu (II) concentration (mg/L) after adsorption equilibrium; v is the solution volume (L); m is the mass (g) of the adsorbent.
(3) Regeneration experiments were performed on the activated carbon fibers prepared in the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 under the following conditions: and (3) taking the activated carbon fiber with saturated adsorption Cu (II), washing 3 times with deionized water, soaking for 0.5h with EDTA-2Na solution, taking out, continuing washing with deionized water until the pH is 7, drying, repeating the adsorption experiment, and measuring the adsorption quantity. The calculation formula is shown in formula (2), and the regeneration experiment result is shown in table 3.
R＝q a /q e *100％ (2)
R is regeneration efficiency (%); q a The adsorption quantity (mg/g) of the regenerated active carbon fiber; q e Is the adsorption quantity (mg/g) of the newly prepared activated carbon fiber.
(4) Scanning electron microscope analysis is carried out on the fiber of example 3 before and after coating, and the results of the scanning electron microscope analysis and the EDS energy spectrum analysis of nitrogen element are shown in figure 2 and figure 3.
Table 1 is a comparative table of pore structure analysis data of the activated carbon fibers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and coconut shells and sludge activated carbon, table 2 is a comparative table of adsorption amount data of the activated carbon fibers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 and Cu (II) by rice hulls and sludge activated carbon, and Table 3 is regeneration efficiency of the activated carbon fibers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
As is clear from Table 1, the specific surface areas of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are far higher than those of conventional activated carbon, and the micropore ratio is high. As the concentration of zinc chloride increases, the specific surface area, pore volume and micropore ratio all increase. The experimental preparation is that the activated carbon fiber has shorter pore canal and smaller pore diameter compared with the traditional granular and powdery activated carbon, and the fiber is easier to generate micropores under the action of zinc chloride. Example 3 has a slight decrease in specific surface area compared to comparative example 1, probably because polydopamine and polyethylenimine adhere to the fiber surface after carbonization, so that the activator entering the inside of the fiber is reduced, and thus the specific surface area is slightly reduced.
As can be seen from Table 2, the adsorption amounts of Cu (II) in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 were higher than that of the conventional activated carbon, owing to the high specific surface area and porosity of both, giving them higher adsorption capacities. In example 3, the specific surface area was slightly reduced compared with comparative example 1, but the functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon fiber in example 3 were more abundant, and Cu (ii) was absorbed by electrostatic action and complexation, so that the adsorption amount of example 3 was significantly improved. Because dopamine self-polymerization reaction speed is slower and later agglomeration is easy, compared with comparative example 1, comparative example 2 has poor nitrogen doping modification effect, and the adsorption amount is lower but still higher than that of comparative example 1. When the concentration of dopamine is 2mg/L and the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 1mg/L, the dopamine oligomer is wrapped in the early stage of dopamine polymerization, so that the dopamine oligomer is crosslinked to form an aggregate, and the final aggregation effect is poor, therefore, the adsorption amount of comparative example 2 is lower than that of example 3, but still higher than that of comparative example 1.
As shown in Table 3, the adsorption capacity of the materials in examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 can be maintained above 90% after four regeneration experiments, and the materials are proved to have good pore structure and chemical group retention during use, and good reusability of the samples.
From fig. 2, polydopamine and polyethylenimine were successfully deposited on the surface of the fiber, and from fig. 3, the surface of the fiber was smooth, had fine cracks and holes, and had a high surface nitrogen content, demonstrating the success of nitrogen doping.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the nitrogen-doped porous coconut handle fiber activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Alkali treatment is carried out on the coir, and the coir is washed and dried and then is placed in a mixed solution of dopamine and amino compounds for codeposition, so that the codeposition coir is obtained;
(2) Washing and drying the co-deposited coir obtained in the step (1), and activating and carbonizing to obtain the coir active carbon;
(3) And (3) washing and drying the coconut coir active carbon obtained in the step (2) to obtain the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon.
2. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of dopamine in the step (1) is 2-10mg/ml and the concentration of amino compound is 1-10mg/ml.
3. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon according to claim 1, wherein the codeposition time in the step (1) is 2-24h, the rotation speed is 100-200 r/min, the pH of the mixed solution is 8-10, and the mass concentration of the coconut coir in the mixed solution is 1-5g/100ml.
4. A method of preparing nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon as defined in claim 1 wherein said activating of step (2) is performed by exposing the co-deposited coir to ZnCl 2 Activated in solution, znCl 2 The mass concentration of the solution is 5-30%, znCl 2 The liquid-solid ratio ml/g of the solution to the coir is 20:1-100:1, the activation temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, and the activation time is 6-12h.
5. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped porous coconut fiber activated carbon according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carbonization in the step (2) is performed under nitrogen atmosphere, the initial temperature is 25 ℃, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, the carbonization time is 2-3 h, and the nitrogen flow is 200-300 ml/min.
6. The method for preparing nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon as in claim 5, wherein the amino compound in step (1) is ethylenediamine or polyethyleneimine.
7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon according to claim 1, wherein the alkali treatment in the step (1) is carried out for 2-10 hours by NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 10% -15%;
the washing in the step (3) is carried out by hydrochloric acid and water, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.1-1mol/L, 20-30 ml of hydrochloric acid is added into every 1g of coconut fiber activated carbon, and the pickling time is 0.5-1 h.
8. The method for preparing the nitrogen-doped porous coconut coir active carbon according to claim 1, wherein the drying in the steps (1) and (3) is performed at 80 ℃ for 5-8 hours, the drying in the step (2) is performed at 70 ℃ for 5-6 hours;
the coir is extracted from coconut leaf stalks, has a diameter of about 0.7-0.9mm and a length of about 6-8cm, and is cut into 3cm when in use.
9. A nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of the nitrogen-doped porous coir activated carbon of claim 9 in the treatment of heavy metal-containing sewage.
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