CN116370038A - Bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth - Google Patents
Bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth Download PDFInfo
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- CN116370038A CN116370038A CN202310328013.0A CN202310328013A CN116370038A CN 116370038 A CN116370038 A CN 116370038A CN 202310328013 A CN202310328013 A CN 202310328013A CN 116370038 A CN116370038 A CN 116370038A
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- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000031737 Tissue Adhesions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000434 stratum corneum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003699 striated muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3209—Incision instruments
- A61B17/3211—Surgical scalpels, knives; Accessories therefor
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
A bionic scalpel based on leech teeth relates to the technical field of medical cutters. The invention aims to solve the problem of inaccurate cutting position caused by uneven deformation and movement of the tissue of the blade of the existing scalpel. The invention comprises a blade and a handle, wherein the tail end of the blade is fixedly connected with the handle, the lower side edge of the blade head end of the blade is provided with a cutting edge, both sides of the cutting edge are provided with cutting faces, the included angle between the cutting faces at both sides is alpha, a plurality of circular arc grooves are uniformly distributed on the cutting faces along the length direction, the plurality of circular arc grooves are arranged at intervals, each circular arc groove is respectively arranged along the width direction of the cutting face, and the circular arc grooves on the cutting faces at both sides are staggered. The invention is used for medical operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical cutters, in particular to a bionic scalpel based on leech teeth.
Background
The purpose of surgery is to diagnose and treat surgical diseases, and surgery is an important factor determining the therapeutic effect, and it is mainly performed by a scalpel to separate tissues and remove lesions, and plays a very important role in surgery. The common surgical knife consists of a blade and a knife handle, wherein the blade is used for cutting a surgical part, and the knife handle is used for holding.
In general, common medical tools are very safe without any serious consequences. However, in some special applications, medical tools can also cause some adverse problems. For example: uneven deformation and movement of tissue results in inaccurate cutting positions, increasing patient pain, with serious consequences.
The leech teeth SEM images are shown in figures 1 to 4, and the leech is positioned in the center of the front sucker and is provided with a group of triangle teeth for cutting the body surface of the host. The muscles of the jawbone are spongy, the muscles of the jaw are developed, the jawbone is covered by the stratum corneum, the upper end of the jawbone carries a row of teeth, the bottom of each jaw is connected with very dense striated muscles, gaps exist between every two adjacent teeth, the teeth are not completely arranged in a straight line, and the tooth tips of the teeth are generally arranged in a straight line. Grooves exist between adjacent teeth, and the left and right sides are distributed with transverse crisscross textures. Leeches rely on their unique tooth structure and left and right side textures to enhance tooth cutting ability to better cut into the host's skin and reduce corresponding tissue adhesion.
If the special cutting characteristics of the leech teeth can be applied to the medical scalpel, the cutting performance of the scalpel is greatly improved, and the problem of inaccurate cutting position caused by uneven deformation and movement of tissues is solved, so the bionic scalpel is provided based on the shape of the leech teeth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of inaccurate cutting position caused by uneven deformation and movement of the tissue of the blade of the existing scalpel, and further provides a bionic scalpel based on leech teeth.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a bionic scalpel based on leech tooth, includes blade and handle of a knife, the sword tail end and the handle of a knife rigid coupling of blade, the lower side limit of blade head end is equipped with the cutting edge, and the both sides of cutting edge all are equipped with the cutting face, and the contained angle between the cutting face of both sides is alpha, is equipped with a plurality of circular arc recesses along length direction equipartition on the cutting face, and a plurality of circular arc recesses interval set up, and every circular arc recess sets up along the width direction of cutting face respectively, and the circular arc recess on the cutting face of both sides is crisscross to be set up.
Further, grid-shaped grooves are formed in two side faces of the cutter head end of the cutter body.
Further, the grid-shaped grooves comprise a group of left-inclined grooves and a group of right-inclined grooves, the left-inclined grooves and the right-inclined grooves are arranged in a crossing manner, the left-inclined grooves are arranged in a 45-degree inclination manner from top to bottom towards the cutter head end, and the right-inclined grooves are arranged in a 45-degree inclination manner from top to bottom towards the cutter tail end.
Further, the groove depths of the left-inclined groove and the right-inclined groove are 0.1mm.
Further, the cutter tail end of the cutter body is provided with a mounting groove.
Further, the included angle alpha between the two side cutting faces is 24 degrees.
Further, the length of the cutting edge is 59mm.
Further, the thickness of the cutter head end of the cutter body is 0.35mm.
Further, the interval between the arc groove on one side cutting blade surface and the adjacent arc groove on the other side cutting blade surface is 0.1mm.
Further, the included angle between the axis of the circular arc groove and the vertical line of the cutting edge is beta, beta is 10-30 degrees, the circular arc radius of the circular arc groove is 0.1-0.5mm, and the groove depth of the circular arc groove is 0.1mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
from the bionics perspective, the invention discovers that the shape of the leech teeth has good cutting performance, and reasonably applies the shape of the leech teeth to the structural design of the surgical knife by simulating the shape structure of the leech teeth, thereby designing the bionic surgical knife. The cutting part (straight line and curve part) of the scalpel effectively reduces the cutting force and the actual cutting depth due to the fine saw teeth generated by the arc groove structure, and the arc micro grooves are distributed in a left-right staggered way, so that the necessary strength of the scalpel is ensured, and the blade is prevented from being broken during cutting. Obviously, due to the existence of the cutting part relative to the circular arc micro-groove during cutting, muscle tissue flows out along the direction of the micro-groove, thereby reducing friction force and being easy to cut. Simultaneously, as the cutting depth is gradually deepened, the groove structures which are intersected at 45 degrees at the two sides of the blade reduce the friction force between tissues and the side face of the scalpel, simultaneously reduce the adhesion of muscle tissues at the side face of the blade, and reduce the cutting resistance. Compared with the existing surgical knife, the cutting force trend is unchanged during cutting, but the cutting force peak value during cutting is obviously reduced, so that pain of patients is reduced, and the surgical efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the whole leech tooth;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the entire side of a leech tooth;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the side of a leech tooth;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of the roots of leech teeth;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a biomimetic scalpel blade based on leech teeth in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view at Q of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of FIG. 5;
fig. 8 is an isometric view of a biomimetic surgical blade based on leech teeth in accordance with the present invention.
The marks in the figure: i-leech teeth are integral, II-side lines and III-leech teeth; IV-inter-tooth grooves, 1-cutting edges, 2-cutting faces, 3-circular arc grooves, 4-grid-shaped grooves, 4-1-left-inclined grooves, 4-2-right-inclined grooves and 5-mounting grooves.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 8, this embodiment is described with reference to a bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth, which comprises a blade and a knife handle, the knife tail end of the blade is fixedly connected with the knife handle, the lower side edge of the knife head end of the blade is provided with a cutting edge 1, two sides of the cutting edge 1 are respectively provided with a cutting surface 2, an included angle between the cutting surfaces 2 on two sides is alpha, a plurality of arc grooves 3 are uniformly distributed on the cutting surface 2 along the length direction, the plurality of arc grooves 3 are arranged at intervals, each arc groove 3 is arranged along the width direction of the cutting surface 2, and the arc grooves 3 on the cutting surfaces 2 on two sides are staggered.
And a space is arranged between the arc groove 3 on one side cutting blade surface 2 and the adjacent arc groove 3 on the other side cutting blade surface 2.
In this embodiment, the cutting edge 1 is composed of a linear region and a curved region which are arranged at intervals, the curved region is formed by the circular arc grooves 3, the linear region is formed by the intervals between the circular arc grooves 3 on one side cutting surface 2 and the adjacent circular arc grooves 3 on the other side cutting surface 2, and the linear region and the curved region are selected as processing regions because the leech tooth micro-groove structure extends over the upper end of the lower jaw, so that the micro-groove extends over the cutting edge of the scalpel. The staggered circular arc grooves 3 are mainly machined on the cutting faces 2 on two sides of the scalpel in a grinding mode during machining.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which grid-like grooves 4 are provided on both side surfaces of a tip end of a blade. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The grid-shaped groove 4 structure reduces the friction force between the tissue and the side surface of the scalpel, reduces the adhesion of muscle tissue on the side surface of the scalpel, and reduces the cutting resistance.
And a third specific embodiment: in the present embodiment, the grid-shaped grooves 4 include a set of left-inclined grooves 4-1 and a set of right-inclined grooves 4-2, the left-inclined grooves 4-1 and the right-inclined grooves 4-2 are disposed to intersect, the left-inclined grooves 4-1 are disposed to incline 45 ° from top to bottom toward the head end, and the right-inclined grooves 4-2 are disposed to incline 45 ° from top to bottom toward the tail end. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the groove depths of the left inclined groove 4-1 and the right inclined groove 4-2 are each 0.1mm. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
A grid-shaped groove 4 structure with the depth of 0.1mm and crossing at 45 degrees is processed on the left side surface and the right side surface of the surgical knife tool by adopting laser.
Fifth embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the blade according to the present embodiment is provided with a mounting groove 5 at the trailing end. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Specific embodiment six: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the included angle α between the side cutting faces 2 is 24 °. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the length of the cutting edge 1 is 59mm. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
Eighth embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the thickness of the tip end of the blade is 0.35mm. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the seventh embodiment.
Detailed description nine: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 8, in which the circular arc grooves 3 on one side cutting face 2 and the adjacent circular arc grooves 3 on the other side cutting face 2 are spaced by 0.1mm. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the eighth embodiment.
Detailed description ten: referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present embodiment is described, in which the angle between the axis of the circular arc groove 3 and the perpendicular to the cutting edge 1 is β, β is 10 ° to 30 °, the radius of the circular arc groove 3 is 0.1 to 0.5mm, and the groove depth of the circular arc groove 3 is 0.1mm. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment nine.
The preferred arc radius of the arc groove 3 is 0.1mm, the arc radius can be changed between 0.1mm and 0.5mm, and the included angle beta between the axis of the arc groove 3 and the vertical line of the cutting edge 1 is 10 degrees, so that the micro groove penetrates through the cutting part of the scalpel, the scalpel blade is prevented from penetrating through from one side, and the necessary strength of the cutter is ensured.
Principle of operation
The bionic scalpel was analyzed for the cutting process, during the initial stage of cutting, the muscle tissue was deformed under the compression of the scalpel, and the cut was broken as the cutting proceeded. The cutting force during cutting mainly consists of downward force of the blade edge of the blade and friction force between two sides of the scalpel and soft tissues. With increasing depth of cut, the force increases with increasing contact area of tissue with the side of the scalpel. At the end of the cut, the scalpel gradually leaves the tissue, and the contact area gradually decreases, resulting in a continuous decrease in cutting force. The cutting force change trend in the cutting process is that the cutting force is increased and then decreased.
The cutting part (straight line and curve part) of the scalpel effectively reduces the cutting force and the actual cutting depth due to the fine saw teeth generated by the arc groove structure, and the arc grooves are distributed in a left-right staggered way, so that the necessary strength of the scalpel is ensured, and the blade is prevented from being broken during cutting. Obviously, due to the existence of the cutting part relative to the circular arc groove during cutting, muscle tissues flow out along the direction of the circular arc groove, thereby reducing friction force and being easy to cut. With the gradual deepening of the cutting depth, the groove structures which are intersected at 45 degrees at the two sides of the blade reduce the friction force between tissues and the side surface of the scalpel, and simultaneously reduce the adhesion of muscle tissues at the side surface of the blade, so that the cutting resistance is reduced. Compared with a commercial scalpel, the cutting force trend is unchanged during cutting, but the cutting force peak value during cutting is obviously reduced, so that pain of a patient is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.
In practice, it is considered that the cutting force during cutting is mainly composed of two parts. The first is the friction force generated when the blade edge of the scalpel squeezes and scrapes the muscle tissue, and the second is the friction force between the side of the scalpel and the soft tissue. The side surface of the scalpel is subjected to laser treatment to form the 45-degree intersecting groove with the depth of two sides of 0.1mm, so that the scalpel has lower friction force in the cutting process compared with a commercial scalpel. Meanwhile, during the cutting process, the tissue in contact with the tips of the saw teeth formed by preparing the circular arc grooves is first destroyed. The incision is then forced to expand under the pull of the fine serrations, thereby completing the cutting of the tissue. With standard commercial scalpels, the stress distribution on the blade is relatively uniform and the tissue must withstand greater pressures to reach the critical damage threshold. When the scalpel is used, the micro-sawtooth tip can generate stress concentration, more damage points can be generated in the cutting process, the existence of the circular arc grooves of the cutting part enables muscle tissues to flow out along the groove direction, so that the extrusion and the resistance between the scalpel and the tissues are smaller, and the smaller cutting resistance is obtained. Meanwhile, the staggered groove structures on the two sides of the blade reduce the cutting force of the second part, assist the cutting process and further reduce the cutting force.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth comprises a blade and a knife handle, wherein the knife tail end of the blade is fixedly connected with the knife handle, and the bionic surgical knife is characterized in that: the lower side edge of the blade end is provided with a cutting edge (1), two sides of the cutting edge (1) are respectively provided with a cutting blade surface (2), an included angle between the cutting blade surfaces (2) at two sides is alpha, a plurality of circular arc grooves (3) are uniformly distributed on the cutting blade surfaces (2) along the length direction, the plurality of circular arc grooves (3) are arranged at intervals, each circular arc groove (3) is arranged along the width direction of the cutting blade surface (2) respectively, and the circular arc grooves (3) on the cutting blade surfaces (2) at two sides are arranged in a staggered mode.
2. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 1, wherein: grid-shaped grooves (4) are formed in two side faces of the cutter head end of the cutter blade.
3. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 2, wherein: the grid-shaped grooves (4) comprise a group of left inclined grooves (4-1) and a group of right inclined grooves (4-2), the left inclined grooves (4-1) and the right inclined grooves (4-2) are arranged in a crossing mode, the left inclined grooves (4-1) are arranged in a 45-degree inclined mode from top to bottom to the cutter head end, and the right inclined grooves (4-2) are arranged in a 45-degree inclined mode from top to bottom to the cutter tail end.
4. A biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 3, wherein: the groove depths of the left inclined groove (4-1) and the right inclined groove (4-2) are 0.1mm.
5. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the blade is provided with a mounting groove (5).
6. The biomimetic dental scalpel based on leech teeth according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the included angle alpha between the two side cutting blade faces (2) is 24 degrees.
7. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 6, wherein: the length of the cutting edge (1) is 59mm.
8. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the cutter head end of the cutter blade is 0.35mm.
9. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 8, wherein: the interval between the arc groove (3) on one side cutting blade surface (2) and the adjacent arc groove (3) on the other side cutting blade surface (2) is 0.1mm.
10. The biomimetic surgical knife based on leech teeth according to claim 9, wherein: the included angle between the axis of the circular arc groove (3) and the vertical line of the cutting edge (1) is beta, beta is 10-30 degrees, the circular arc radius of the circular arc groove (3) is 0.1-0.5mm, and the groove depth of the circular arc groove (3) is 0.1mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310328013.0A CN116370038A (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310328013.0A CN116370038A (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116370038A true CN116370038A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310328013.0A Pending CN116370038A (en) | 2023-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Bionic surgical knife based on leech teeth |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116370038A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-30 CN CN202310328013.0A patent/CN116370038A/en active Pending
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