CN116368177A - 木材塑料复合材料 - Google Patents

木材塑料复合材料 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116368177A
CN116368177A CN202180058998.9A CN202180058998A CN116368177A CN 116368177 A CN116368177 A CN 116368177A CN 202180058998 A CN202180058998 A CN 202180058998A CN 116368177 A CN116368177 A CN 116368177A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
wood
plastic composite
mass
melt
matrix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202180058998.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
亚历山大·豪布纳
克里斯托夫·伯格斯塔勒
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ya LishandaHaobuna
Original Assignee
Ya LishandaHaobuna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ya LishandaHaobuna filed Critical Ya LishandaHaobuna
Publication of CN116368177A publication Critical patent/CN116368177A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/38—Details or accessories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0012—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. foaming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/14—Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0063—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0077—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7178—Pallets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00029—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00039—Agglomerates, i.e. different materials mixed together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00064—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00069—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00074—Agglomerates, i.e. different materials mixed together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00099—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00104—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00084—Materials for the non-integral separating spacer
    • B65D2519/00109—Agglomerates, i.e. different materials mixed together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00572—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer with separate auxiliary element, e.g. screws, nails, bayonets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2500/00—Characteristics or properties of obtained polyolefins; Use thereof
    • C08F2500/09—Long chain branches
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
    • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08J2323/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2477/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2497/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
    • C08J2497/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
    • C08L2207/07—Long chain branching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
    • C08L2207/20—Recycled plastic

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运输托盘的能够相互钉住的结构构件的木材塑料复合材料，具有借助助剂发泡的基质、木粉纤维和增附剂。为了制造这种木材塑料复合材料，使具有类似木材外观的运输托盘能够成本效益高地生产，并且至少在重量和机械强度性能方面是目前使用的软木材料的可靠替代品，本发明建议，包含长链支化聚烯烃的基质占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额为30‑95％，木粉纤维占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额为5‑50％，并且增附剂占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额至高为10％，其中复合材料密度小于0.3g/cm3。

Description

木材塑料复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运输托盘(或者称栈板)的能够相互钉住的结构构件的木材塑料复合材料，具有借助助剂(Triebmittel)发泡的基质、木粉纤维和增附剂(或称为偶联剂)。
在可持续发展和提高资源效率的背景下，有必要根据Europool标准生产运输托盘，其材料在重量、机械强度特性、制造和加工性能以及成本效率方面至少与以前使用的软木材料相当，或者最好优于软木材料，并且出于客户接受度的原因而具有一定的木材外观。此外，为了确保运输托盘的经济的生产过程，相应的结构构件必须能够相互钉住，特别是使用压缩空气或压缩头钉，以防止部件损坏，并使运输托盘能够可靠地工作。
现有技术
例如，从现有技术中已知的木材塑料复合材料，所谓的木材-聚合物复合材料(WPC)(WO2002088233A1)，其包括通过基于二氧化碳的助剂发泡的高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)基质和木粉纤维。然而，由于其相对脆性的特性和相对较低的疲劳强度，这种木材塑料复合材料不适合作为上述运输托盘的结构构件，特别是因为这种木材塑料复合材料由于钉子而容易开裂。
发明内容
因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种木材塑料复合材料，该复合材料能够以成本效益高的方式生产具有类似木材外观的运输托盘，并且至少在重量和机械强度特性方面是迄今为止使用的软木材料的可靠替代品。
本发明这样解决所提出的技术问题，即在木材塑料复合材料中，包含长链支化聚烯烃的基质的质量份额为30-95％，木粉纤维的质量份额为5-50％，并且优选地基于马来酸酐的增附剂的质量份额至高为10％，其中复合材料密度小于0.3g/cm3。
木粉纤维，优选粒径为70-150μm的木粉纤维，原则上会抵消均匀泡沫结构的形成，因为木粉纤维有可能刺穿并进而破坏任何泡沫腔体。因此，高达50％的木粉的更高质量份额(这将有利于吸引人的木材外观)是不容易实现的。然而出人意料的是，即使在高达50％的木粉的高质量含量下，使用长链支化聚烯烃也能形成均匀的泡沫结构。由于加工过程中出现的聚烯烃的长链支链所促进的应变硬化效应，因此可以实现低复合材料密度和相对较高的强度值。例如，应变硬化效应可以通过单轴应变流变学测量来证明，其中粘度的增加可以通过应变载荷来识别。就本发明而言，长链支链被理解为聚烯烃的至少10％的侧链具有至少6个碳原子的链长。优选地，聚烯烃是低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD或LDPE)或聚丙烯。当密度小于0.2g/cm3，优选小于0.1g/cm3时，根据本发明的木材塑料复合材料用作运输托盘的结构构件，产生特别有利的性能和高成本效率。此外，本发明的木材塑料复合材料可以具有500至1000兆帕的弹性模量，该弹性模量是通过ISO-178弯曲试验在1毫米/秒的测试速度下确定的，并且具有至少7兆帕的弯曲强度。因此，由本发明的木材塑料复合材料制成的结构构件适合于长久地承受通常施加在运输托盘上的载荷。此外，木材塑料复合材料具有足够的延展性，因此任何结构构件都可以很容易地用压缩空气或压缩头钉钉在一起，这样就不会在泡沫结构中产生危险的裂纹，也不会形成碎片。
如果木粉纤维的质量份额为20-40％，优选为25-35％，特别是30％，而增附剂的质量份额为1-5％，优选为2-4％，特别是3％，则可以实现低密度、足够的强度和延展性以及吸引人的木材外观的有利组合。
为了在复合材料密度低于0.1g/cm3的情况下进一步改善机械性能，可以规定，基质是聚烯烃和至少一种热塑性聚合物的聚合物共混物，其中至少一种热塑性聚合物的质量份额为聚合物共混物的5-50％，其中至少一种热塑性聚合物的熔化温度比聚烯烃的加工温度高出20-70℃、优选高出约30℃，和/或玻璃化转变温度比聚烯烃的加工温度低40℃。根据这些特点，由于长链支链而在加工过程中发生的应变硬化效应进一步加强，其中整体而言，熔体流动速率仍然足以满足有利的加工条件。
在这方面建议，至少一种热塑性聚合物是一种热塑性缩聚物。优选地，缩聚物可以是聚酰胺和/或热塑性聚酯。特别优选的缩聚物可以是聚酰胺6，聚碳酸酯，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和/或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
本发明还涉及一种通过两级螺杆挤出工艺制造根据本发明的木材塑料复合材料的方法。在此在第一步骤中，首先将基质熔体、木粉纤维和优选地基于马来酸酐的增附剂混合成复合材料熔体。然后，在第二步骤中，复合材料熔体在170℃至200℃的熔体温度和5至15千克/小时的质量流量下被均质和挤出，其中，在挤出机混合区之前通过气体配送装置向复合材料熔体输入助剂。制造复合材料熔体和引入助剂的步骤也可以在一个工艺步骤中完成。挤出机混合区是配属于挤出机螺杆的任何混合部件的挤出机部段。因此，在该挤出机部段中向熔体输入助剂，该挤出机部段参照纵轴线在输送方向上位于混合部件的上游。
本发明的木材塑料复合材料适用于用于运输托盘的结构构件的材料，其尺寸和设计可遵照Europool标准。为了制造运输托盘，由本发明的木材塑料复合材料制成的相应的结构构件至少部分地钉在一起，特别是使用压缩空气或压缩头钉。
实施本发明的方法
实施例1：
本发明的木材塑料复合材料包括质量份额为67％的长链支链聚丙烯(WB140HMS)作为基质，质量份额为30％的木粉纤维(Lignocel C120)和质量份额为3％的增附剂(SconaTPPP 8112)。
例如，为制造木材塑料复合材料，使用单螺杆挤出机(直径50mm)，该单螺杆挤出机配备了带有附加混合部件的核心渐进式螺杆。通过气体配送站向熔体装载助剂气体二氧化碳，其中，参照输送方向在混合部件之前将助剂气体输入熔体。沿螺杆的质量温度设置在175℃至195℃范围内，质量吞吐量或者说质量流量约为10千克/小时。挤出物通过型材喷嘴挤出，然后冷却和剥离。
木材塑料复合材料的复合物密度为0.06g/cm3。在室温下以及测试速度为1mm/s时，用ISO 178弯曲试验确定了弹性模量为800兆帕。获得的抗弯强度为16兆帕。
实施例2：
本发明的木材塑料复合材料包括质量份额为67％的聚合物共混物作为基质，质量份额为30％的木粉纤维(Lignocel C120)和质量份额为3％的增附剂(Scona TPPE5002GALL)。聚合物共混物本身包括占聚合物共混物质量份额为70％的低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD回收物)和占聚合物共混物质量份额为30％的聚酰胺6。聚酰胺6的熔化温度为215℃。
制造可以类似于实施例1进行。因此，在加工温度为175℃至195°C范围内的情况下，所用聚酰胺6的熔化温度比加工温度高出20℃至40℃。
木材塑料复合材料的复合密度为0.08g/cm3。在室温下，在1mm/s的测试速度下，通过ISO 178弯曲试验确定了弹性模量为620兆帕。获得的抗弯强度为7兆帕。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运输托盘的能够相互钉住的结构构件的木材塑料复合材料，具有借助助剂发泡的基质、木粉纤维和增附剂，其特征在于，包含长链支化聚烯烃的基质占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额为30-95％，木粉纤维占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额为5-50％，并且增附剂占木材塑料复合材料的质量份额至高为10％，其中，复合材料密度小于0.3g/cm3。
2.一种木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，长链支化聚烯烃是聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，弹性模量为500至1000兆帕。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，木粉纤维的质量份额为20-40％并且增附剂的质量份额为1-5％。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，基质是聚烯烃和至少一种热塑性聚合物的聚合物共混物，其中至少一种热塑性聚合物占聚合物共混物的质量份额为5-50％，其中至少一种热塑性聚合物的熔化温度比聚烯烃的加工温度高出20-70℃，和/或玻璃化转变温度比聚烯烃的加工温度低40℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，至少一种热塑性聚合物是热塑性缩聚物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，缩聚物是聚酰胺和/或热塑性聚酯。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的木材塑料复合材料，其特征在于，缩聚物是聚酰胺6、聚碳酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和/或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯。
9.一种用于通过二级式螺杆挤出工艺制造根据前述权利要求任一项所述的木材塑料复合材料的方法，其特征在于，在第一步骤中，基质熔体、木粉纤维和增附剂首先被混合成复合材料熔体，然后，在第二步骤中，复合材料熔体在170℃至200℃的熔体温度和5至15千克/小时的质量流量下被均质和挤出，在挤出机混合区之前，通过气体配送装置向复合材料熔体输入助剂。
10.一种运输托盘，其具有由根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的木材塑料复合材料制成的结构构件，其特征在于，结构构件至少部分地相互钉住。
CN202180058998.9A 2020-07-27 2021-06-21 木材塑料复合材料 Pending CN116368177A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50640/2020A AT523528B1 (de) 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Holz-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoff
ATA50640/2020 2020-07-27
PCT/AT2021/060214 WO2022020868A1 (de) 2020-07-27 2021-06-21 Holz-kunststoff-verbundwerkstoff

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116368177A true CN116368177A (zh) 2023-06-30

Family

ID=76844937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202180058998.9A Pending CN116368177A (zh) 2020-07-27 2021-06-21 木材塑料复合材料

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20230271751A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP4188818A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN116368177A (zh)
AT (1) AT523528B1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2021318598A1 (zh)
CA (1) CA3189723A1 (zh)
MX (1) MX2023001104A (zh)
WO (1) WO2022020868A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA202301113B (zh)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1381642A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2004-01-21 Washington State University Research Foundation Low-density cellular wood plastic composite and process for formation
DE102007046234A1 (de) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-09 Phk Polymertechnik Gmbh Verbundwerkstoff aus biobasierten Faserstoffen und Polymeren
EP2247653B1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2012-01-04 Renolit Gor S.p.A. Foamed polypropylene sheet
US9238731B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2016-01-19 Saco Polymers, Inc. Reinforcing additives for composite materials
CN106700262B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2019-04-09 广东工业大学 一种聚丙烯木塑微发泡复合材料及其制备方法
CN108192200A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2018-06-22 会通新材料股份有限公司 一种超支化聚酰胺胺改性植物纤维增强聚丙烯微发泡材料及其制备方法
CN108178870A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-06-19 会通新材料股份有限公司 一种注塑级聚丙烯木塑微发泡复合材料及其制备方法
CN109320816A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2019-02-12 会通新材料股份有限公司 一种聚乙烯木塑微发泡复合材料及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA202301113B (en) 2024-05-30
AU2021318598A1 (en) 2023-03-09
CA3189723A1 (en) 2022-02-03
US20230271751A1 (en) 2023-08-31
WO2022020868A1 (de) 2022-02-03
AT523528B1 (de) 2021-09-15
EP4188818A1 (de) 2023-06-07
MX2023001104A (es) 2023-03-02
AT523528A4 (de) 2021-09-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Balasuriya et al. Mechanical properties of wood flake–polyethylene composites. Part I: effects of processing methods and matrix melt flow behaviour
US7691305B2 (en) Articles comprising a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composition
Caulfield et al. 13 Wood Thermoplastic Composites
US9309392B2 (en) Reinforced polymer composites from recycled plastic
US20060263529A1 (en) Paint system and method of painting fiber reinforced polypropylene composite components
US20060264556A1 (en) Fiber reinforced polypropylene composite body panels
Bhaskar et al. Evaluation of properties of propylene-pine wood plastic composite
US20060100319A1 (en) Lignocellulose fiber filler for thermoplastic composite compositions
US20060261509A1 (en) Method for making fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
US20060199893A1 (en) Method and system of compounding fiber reinforced thermoplastic
US20120225976A1 (en) Composition of thermoplastic composites, manufacturing processes and resulting products
US20080004374A1 (en) Wood-like polymer composites and production methods therefor
Lei et al. High density polyethylene and poly (ethylene terephthalate) in situ sub-micro-fibril blends as a matrix for wood plastic composites
NZ544493A (en) Method for producing wood fibre composite products
Çetin et al. Effect of bark flour on the mechanical properties of HDPE composites
CN116368177A (zh) 木材塑料复合材料
CN109852089A (zh) 一种高性能木塑复合材料及其制备方法
US20060073319A1 (en) Method and apparatus for making products from polymer wood fiber composite
Balasuriya et al. Morphology and mechanical properties of reconstituted wood board waste-polyethylene composites
KR102258976B1 (ko) 계면특성이 향상된 케나프 섬유 및 재사용 고밀도 폴리에틸렌 바이오복합재료 및 이의 제조방법
US20200385553A1 (en) Composite building materials
US20180066080A1 (en) Apparatus and method for producing thermoplastic elastomer, elastomers produced thereby and articles produced from the elastomers
EP3718725B1 (en) Method for preparing natural fiber composite material for injection molding by using convergent nozzle heating jig
KR102672945B1 (ko) 장섬유 강화 복합재료 및 이로부터 형성된 성형품
CN115029014A (zh) 一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材及其制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination