CN116367068A - Real ear measurement system and method based on microphone array - Google Patents
Real ear measurement system and method based on microphone array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real ear measurement system and a real ear measurement method based on a microphone array, wherein the measurement system comprises an upper computer and a lower computer, the upper computer comprises a UI interface module, a control processing module and a digital audio signal generating module, and the lower computer comprises a lower computer main control module, a loudspeaker, a microphone module and a sound field power amplifier module; the lower computer main control module is in communication connection with the upper computer control processing module; the microphone module comprises a probe microphone and a microphone array, and is used for collecting sound signals in and out of ears of a subject. The real ear measurement method utilizes the noise reduction function of the directivity of the microphone array and the beam forming technology to enable the real ear measurement system to position the sound source in the process of sound field equalization, extract effective sound source suppression noise, reduce the influence of environmental noise on the sound field equalization, and remind operators when the angle deviation of the microphone and the sound source of the loudspeaker is overlarge in the process of real ear test items.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hearing aids, in particular to a real ear measurement system and method based on a microphone (microphone) array.
Background
With the development of technology, hearing aids are becoming increasingly widely used as a hearing aid. Hearing aid fitters often need to use a real ear meter and/or a real ear measuring system when fitting a hearing aid to a user. In fitting a hearing aid to a user, the real ear meter can measure the actual sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane to objectively measure in real time whether the gain at the near tympanic membrane of the hearing aid wearer meets a target value, which is of great importance for fitting and evaluating the hearing aid. The existing real ear measuring instrument is often provided with two microphones, wherein one microphone is a reference microphone and is used for monitoring test signal sound of the auditory meatus, the test signal sound is placed at the auditory meatus of the auricle and is close to a microphone of the hearing aid, the acoustic signal is approximately equivalent to the position of the microphone of the hearing aid, the other microphone is a probe microphone, and the other microphone is also called a measuring microphone, and the test signal sound penetrates into the external auditory meatus through a probe tube; the real ear measuring instrument acquires the difference between the actual parameters and the target values of the hearing aid equipment after passing through the human ears by acquiring the data difference of the two microphones.
Before the real ear measurement, firstly, loudspeaker calibration, also called sound field equalization, is carried out, and the calibration is usually carried out by adopting a stored equalization correction sound pressure method or a real-time equalization correction sound pressure method. The storage equalization correction sound pressure method is to test the sound pressure level of the calibration signal of the reference microphone on each frequency, store the sound pressure level in a sound field memory, and determine a correction coefficient, so that the real ear measuring instrument adjusts the output of a loudspeaker, thereby ensuring that the sound pressure level at each frequency reference point is kept constant or meets specific requirements, and carrying out real ear measurement items after calibration; the real-time equalization is to insert a stored equalization process in a specific time in the test process to adjust calibration data, namely to store equalization correction sound pressure for a plurality of times, and is actually divided into a test process section and a calibration process section.
Under the condition of environmental noise, the storage balance correction sound pressure method ensures that the reference microphone collects not only a single test signal source but also a plurality of noises from different directions, because signals are interfered, the calibration result is deviated, and the change of the head position angle of a subject in the subsequent real ear measurement process also influences the real ear test result, on one hand, the reference microphone position is excessively deviated relative to the loudspeaker, so that the sound intensities collected by the reference microphone and the hearing aid microphone are different, fig. 1 is a frequency response curve collected by the reference microphone for different angles of the loudspeaker, and on the other hand, the real ear test result is influenced when the reference microphone position is changed relative to the loudspeaker in the calibration process and the real ear measurement process.
Therefore, in order to solve the interference caused by the environmental noise and the change of the head position angle, new methods and system devices for improving the accuracy of real ear measurement are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to prevent interference to real ear measurement caused by environmental noise and head position angle change, the application provides a real ear measurement system and a real ear measurement method, wherein the real ear measurement system locates a sound source in a sound field equalization process by utilizing a noise reduction function of microphone array directivity and a beam forming technology, extracts an effective sound source to inhibit noise, reduces the influence of the environmental noise on the sound field equalization, and can remind an operator when a sound source angle and a reference microphone offset angle are overlarge in a real ear test project process.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a real ear measurement system based on a microphone array, comprising an upper computer and a lower computer, wherein:
the upper computer part comprises a UI interface module, a control processing module and a digital audio signal generating module; the UI interface module provides the selection operation of test items and the display of test results, and can display an interface by computer software; the digital audio signal generation module generates various test signals; the control processing module is connected with the UI interface module and the digital audio signal generation module and is used for controlling signal transmission and signal processing.
The lower computer part comprises a lower computer main control module, a loudspeaker, a microphone module and a sound field power amplifier module; the lower computer main control module is used as a core control unit and connected with the microphone module and the sound field power amplifier module; the sound field power amplification module is used for outputting a preset test signal generated by the upper computer part to a loudspeaker; the loudspeaker is used as a sound source and sends out a test signal; the microphone module is used for collecting sound signals of the outside ear and the inside ear of a subject in the environment.
The lower computer main control module is in communication connection with the upper computer control processing module.
The microphone module comprises a probe microphone and a microphone array, wherein the microphone array comprises four microphone array elements, namely a reference microphone, a lower microphone, a side microphone and a rear Fang Maike microphone, and the four microphone array elements are placed right opposite to a loudspeaker and used for measuring sound signals around the loudspeaker and a subject.
The lower computer main control module carries out digital-to-analog conversion on the received digital audio test signals according to the upper computer data and commands, converts the digital-to-analog conversion into analog signals, processes the analog signals through the sound field power amplification module, finally plays the signals through a loudspeaker arranged right opposite to the microphone module, simultaneously carries out external-ear and in-ear microphone sampling, transmits the acquired data to the lower computer main control module, and the main control module carries out data packaging and transmits the data to the upper computer control processing module.
The upper computer control processing module acquires the acquired data transmitted by the lower computer, analyzes and processes each data, and displays the result on the interface.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a real ear measurement method based on a microphone array, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 100: placing a microphone module at the position of the ear to be measured of the subject for measuring sound signals around the speaker and the subject;
step 200: the sound field is balanced, and a loudspeaker outputs a preset test signal generated by the digital audio signal generation module of the upper computer; the upper computer control processing module acquires sound signals collected by each microphone, and performs noise reduction and positioning processing on the collected sound signals by utilizing a beam forming technology; according to the sound signal result of beam forming, adjusting the output of the loudspeaker to finish the balance of the sound field;
step 300: and (3) calibrating the probe tube, removing acoustic influence brought by the probe tube in the test, placing the open end of the probe tube at a pick-up hole of the reference microphone, and enabling the signal value of the test signal reaching the microphone of the probe tube after passing through the probe tube to be consistent with the signal value of the reference microphone through systematic compensation.
Step 400: and (3) starting to perform real-ear test projects, simultaneously acquiring acoustic signals in real time by the microphone array, and monitoring the positions of the sound source and the reference microphone by the upper computer control processing module until each test project is completed.
According to the invention, the test influence caused by test sound field environment and subject head position angle deviation is reduced, especially when the subject is a child, the position of the microphone module equipment relative to the loudspeaker is easily changed due to factors such as noise, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of frequency response acquired by a reference microphone for different angles of a speaker;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a real ear measurement system based on a microphone array according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microphone array layout according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a direction of arrangement of a microphone array according to the present invention;
1-a reference microphone; 2-a lower microphone; 3-side microphones; 4-rear microphone;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a real ear measurement method based on a microphone array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below by way of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are provided to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a real ear measurement system based on a microphone array, which includes an upper computer and a lower computer, wherein:
the upper computer part comprises a UI interface module, a control processing module and a digital audio signal generating module; the UI interface module provides the selection operation of test items and the display of test results, and can display an interface by computer software; the digital audio signal generation module generates various test signals; the control processing module is connected with the UI interface module and the digital audio signal generation module and is used for controlling signal transmission and signal processing.
The lower computer part comprises a lower computer main control module, a loudspeaker, a microphone module and a sound field power amplifier module; the lower computer main control module is used as a core control unit and connected with the sound field power amplifier module and the microphone module; the sound field power amplification module is used for outputting a preset test signal generated by the upper computer part to a loudspeaker; the loudspeaker is used as a sound source and sends out a test signal; the microphone module is used for collecting sound signals of the outside ear and the inside ear of a subject in the environment.
The lower computer main control module is in communication connection with the upper computer control processing module.
As shown in fig. 3, the microphone module includes a probe microphone and a microphone array, and besides the probe microphone and the reference microphone of the existing real ear measurement system, three microphone array elements of different directions including a lower microphone, a side microphone and a rear Fang Maike microphone are additionally arranged around the reference microphone to form a microphone array, and the microphone array is placed on the right opposite side of the speaker to measure the sound signals around the speaker and the subject.
The reference microphone is arranged at the adjacent position of the probe microphone and has a certain distance from the microphone array elements in other directions, and the microphone array layout schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4, and is specifically as follows:
the reference microphone 1, typically placed under the subject's ear drop, near the ear canal opening, may form a linear array with the back, side, and down Fang Maike wind, for ensuring proper sound field calibration to provide the desired signal sound pressure level or spectrum at the measurement point;
the lower microphone 2 and the reference microphone form a linear array on the X axis, and are used for acquiring the time delay and the sequence of receiving sound source signals at two points of the lower Fang Maike microphone and the reference microphone;
the side microphone 3 and the reference microphone form a linear array on the Y axis, and are used for acquiring the time delay and the sequence of receiving sound source signals at two points of the side microphone and the reference microphone;
the rear microphone 4 and the reference microphone form a linear array in the Z-axis for acquiring the time delay and sequence of receiving the sound source signal at two points of the rear Fang Maike microphone and the reference microphone.
The probe microphone is arranged at the adjacent position of the reference microphone and is connected with the probe, the other end of the probe is an open end, and the open end of the probe can be deep to the position close to the tympanic membrane in the test and is used for acquiring a sound source signal of the auditory canal of a subject near the tympanic membrane.
An operator selects various test items through the UI interface of the upper computer, the control processing module performs control processing on the whole upper computer system according to the function selection of the UI interface, and sends an instruction to the digital audio signal generating module to enable the digital audio signal generating module to generate various digital audio test signals, the digital signals are transmitted back to the control processing module after being generated, and the control processing module sends scanning data to the main control module of the lower computer.
The lower computer main control module carries out digital-to-analog conversion on the received digital audio test signals according to the upper computer data and commands, converts the digital-to-analog conversion into analog signals, processes the analog signals through the sound field power amplification module, finally plays the signals through a loudspeaker arranged right opposite to the microphone module, simultaneously carries out external-ear and in-ear microphone sampling, transmits the acquired data to the lower computer main control module, and the main control module carries out data packaging and transmits the data to the upper computer control processing module.
The upper computer control processing module acquires the acquired data transmitted by the lower computer, analyzes and processes each data, and displays the result on the interface.
The embodiment of the invention provides a real ear measurement method based on a microphone array, which is shown in fig. 5 and comprises the following specific steps:
step 100: placing a microphone module at the position of the ear to be measured of the subject for measuring sound signals around the speaker and the subject;
step 200: the sound field is balanced, the loudspeaker outputs a preset test signal generated by the digital audio signal generating module of the upper computer, the microphone array collects signals, and the upper computer controls the processing module to conduct noise reduction and positioning processing on the collected sound signals by utilizing a beam forming technology; according to the sound signal result of beam forming, adjusting the output of the loudspeaker to finish the balance of the sound field;
in a storage equalization mode, carrying out Fourier transformation on the signals from which the environmental interference is removed to obtain a frequency response curve of the microphone position at a reference point in a real test environment, and adjusting the output frequency response curve of a loudspeaker to ensure that the sound pressure level at the reference point is kept constant at each frequency or reaches a specific requirement to finish sound field equalization;
in step 200, n element arrays arbitrarily configured according to the Capon minimum variance method are formed by beam forming, and the coordinates of each element are p i The received signal model is:
the time domain signals output by the microphone array are:
the array output signal of the time domain signal conversion frequency domain is: y (ω) =h T (ω)X(ω)
The relation of the difference time delay tau of each array element signal passing through the rectangular coordinate system is as follows:
the delay τ can be obtained by the relation of rectangular coordinates: />
c is the sound velocity alpha expressed as
Wherein θ and φ represent horizontal and vertical angles, respectively, from a rectangular coordinate system.
Then the frequency domain signal can be expressed as:
wherein:
will v k (k) The definition is as follows:
the frequency domain signal is finally expressed as:
to minimize the noise signal from interfering with the desired signal, the optimization problem required by the Capon algorithm can be expressed as: />
Solving by using Lagrangian operator to obtain optimal weight vector is as follows:
the spatial spectrum can be obtained as: />
R is the autocorrelation of the input signal.
Wherein the steering vector:
the direction of arrival (Direction ofArrival, DOA) calculation flow is as follows:
based on autocorrelation of the input signal
Formula->
The spatial spectrum is obtained, and the frequency of the signal source is sent out according to the upper computer, so that the maximum value of the spatial spectrum azimuth is unique, and the beam angle is obtained.
Beamforming process: according to the required beam angle and formula
And (3) solving an optimal weight vector, and converting the value obtained by multiplying the input signal by the optimal weight vector after the input signal is converted into a frequency domain into a time domain for outputting, so that a sound noise reduction signal result after beam forming is obtained.
Step 300: and (3) calibrating the probe tube, removing acoustic influence brought by the probe tube in the test, placing the open end of the probe tube at a pick-up hole of the reference microphone, and enabling the signal value of the test signal reaching the microphone of the probe tube after passing through the probe tube to be consistent with the signal value of the reference microphone through systematic compensation.
Step 400: and (3) starting to perform real-ear test projects, simultaneously acquiring acoustic signals in real time by the microphone array, and monitoring the positions of the sound source and the reference microphone by the upper computer control processing module until each test project is completed.
Selecting a required real ear test item, such as a real ear hearing aid response (REAR) item, placing a probe tube in the subject's external auditory canal near the tympanic membrane, and emitting a small sound (50 dB SPL), a medium sound (65 dB SPL) and a large sound (80 dB SPL) through a loudspeaker at the real ear analyzer. The stimulus sound is transmitted into a hearing aid microphone, amplified by the hearing aid and then output to the eardrum of the auditory canal by a receiver of the hearing aid; the tympanic membrane terminal of the probe also receives the amplified sound and transmits the amplified sound to the real ear analyzer to obtain the sound pressure level of the external sound amplified by the hearing aid at the tympanic membrane.
Taking the reference microphone as a main reference array element of the microphone array, and acquiring an initial angle (theta) of the reference microphone relative to the position direction of the loudspeaker before the test starts 0 ，φ 0 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the During the test, the beam angle (theta, phi) is obtained according to the beam forming technology and is matched with the initial angle (theta 0 ，φ 0 ) Comparing, if the two values are not equal, the upper computer UI display module displays the currentOffset angle [ (theta-theta) 0 ),(φ-φ 0 )]The upper computer control processing module reminds operators, and the influence of the head position angle change on the test result caused by the fact that the test subject wears the microphone module equipment to conduct the test is effectively avoided.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather is intended to cover any equivalents of the structures or equivalent processes disclosed herein or in the alternative, which may be employed directly or indirectly in other related arts.
Claims (8)
1. The real ear measurement system based on the microphone array is characterized by comprising an upper computer and a lower computer, wherein the lower computer is provided with a microphone module which comprises a probe microphone and a microphone array.
2. The real ear measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the upper computer part comprises a UI interface module, a control processing module, a digital audio signal generating module; the UI interface module provides the selection operation of test items and the display of test results, and can display an interface by computer software; the digital audio signal generation module generates various test signals; the control processing module is connected with the UI interface module and the digital audio signal generation module and is used for controlling signal transmission and signal processing.
3. The real ear measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the lower computer part comprises a lower computer main control module, a loudspeaker, a microphone module and a sound field power amplifier module; the lower computer main control module is used as a core control unit and connected with the microphone module and the sound field power amplifier module; the sound field power amplification module is used for outputting a preset test signal generated by the upper computer part to a loudspeaker; the loudspeaker is used as a sound source and sends out a test signal; the microphone module is used for collecting sound signals of the outside ear and the inside ear of a subject in the environment.
4. A real ear measurement system according to claim 3, wherein the microphone array comprises four microphone array elements, a reference microphone, a lower microphone, a side microphone, and a rear Fang Maike microphone.
5. The real ear measurement system according to claim 4 wherein one of the lower microphone, the side microphone and the rear microphone forms a linear array with a reference microphone for obtaining the time delay and sequence in which the two microphones receive the sound source signal.
6. The real ear measurement method based on the microphone array is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 100: placing a microphone module at the position of the ear to be measured of the subject for measuring sound signals around the speaker and the subject;
step 200: the sound field is balanced, and a loudspeaker outputs a preset test signal generated by the digital audio signal generation module of the upper computer; the upper computer control processing module acquires sound signals collected by each microphone, and performs noise reduction and positioning processing on the collected sound signals by utilizing a beam forming technology; according to the sound signal result of beam forming, adjusting the output of the loudspeaker to finish the balance of the sound field;
step 300: the probe tube is calibrated, the acoustic influence brought by the probe tube in the test is removed, the open end of the probe tube is placed at the pick-up hole of the reference microphone, and the signal value of the test signal reaching the microphone of the probe tube after passing through the probe tube is consistent with the signal value of the reference microphone through systematic compensation;
step 400: and carrying out real-ear test projects, simultaneously collecting sound signals in real time by the microphone array, and monitoring the positions of the sound source and the reference microphone by the upper computer control processing module until each test project is completed.
7. The real ear measurement method according to claim 8, wherein an initial angle of the reference microphone with respect to the speaker position direction before the start of the test and a beam angle during the test are obtained, and the current offset angle is equal to a difference between the beam angle and the initial angle.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the upper computer display module displays the current offset angle when the initial angle of the reference microphone relative to the direction from the speaker to the position is unequal to the beam angle in the test process, and the upper computer control processing module reminds the operator.
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