CN116365794B - Brushless DC motor - Google Patents
Brushless DC motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN116365794B CN116365794B CN202211725398.6A CN202211725398A CN116365794B CN 116365794 B CN116365794 B CN 116365794B CN 202211725398 A CN202211725398 A CN 202211725398A CN 116365794 B CN116365794 B CN 116365794B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000819 phase cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
- H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
- H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Brushless Motors (AREA)
Abstract
A brushless DC motor, a magnetic steel sheet and an induction magnetic steel ring are arranged on a motor shaft; the first protective cover and the second protective cover are respectively covered on the outer ring of the magnetic steel sheet and the induction magnetic steel ring; the induction magnetic steel ring is arranged at the rear end part of the motor shaft; the inner diameter of the rear bearing is larger than the outer diameter of the second protective cover. The stator component comprises a shell, a stator core and three-phase windings; more than two locating pin posts are arranged on the outer circumference of the stator core, and locating grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the shell. The inner wall of the end cover is provided with a bearing chamber, and the outer wall of the end cover is provided with a groove; arc-shaped bulges are arranged in the grooves; the arc-shaped bulge is provided with a first threaded hole and a first positioning pin hole. The Hall assembly comprises a circuit board and a Hall element; the circuit board is provided with a threaded hole II matched and assembled with the threaded hole I and a positioning pin hole II matched and positioned with the positioning pin hole I. The invention moves the position sensor outwards, avoids the influence of heat inside the motor on reliability, has convenient bearing assembly and disassembly and good processing maintainability, combines the electrical position positioning design and mutual positioning control of each part, and ensures the electrical position consistency of each part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a brushless direct current motor.
Background
In the current motor dragging system, the operation of various motors is not separated from an electric driving device, and different dragging systems have different precision requirements according to the characteristics of motor dragging loads. In the occasion that the load operation precision requirement is not high, the electric driving device directly drives the motor to operate, and the driver has no requirement on the electric angle position of the three-phase winding of the motor, and only needs to correctly phase sequence of the three-phase winding. However, when the load operation precision is high, such as in the application of many brushless direct current motors, the electric drive device requires that the position angle of the motor rotor and the induced potential electric angle of the stator three-phase winding maintain a certain relationship, and track and detect in real time during operation.
The brushless DC motor omits the brush power transmission device of the traditional DC motor, replaces mechanical commutation with electronic commutation, so that the stator and the rotor have no mechanical contact, and has remarkable advantages in the aspects of reliability and long service life. The electronic commutation can adopt a scheme without a position sensor and adopts a back electromotive force method to acquire the rotor position, but the effect of the method is difficult to realize in the low-speed occasion of the brushless direct current motor.
At present, a plurality of brushless direct current motors are used, and a Hall sensor is adopted for phase change, so that the brushless direct current motor has the advantages of simple circuit and simple algorithm. Generally, a hall position sensor is composed of two parts, one part is an induction magnetic pole, and the other part is a hall sensor circuit board for detecting the position of a rotor by induction magnetic pole. The induction magnetic pole has two modes, the first is to trigger the on and off of a Hall on a Hall circuit board by utilizing the leakage magnetic field of the main magnetic pole of the motor rotor, and the second is to install the induction magnetic pole which is same with the main magnetic pole in magnetism on a motor shaft. Because the distribution of the leakage magnetic flux in the leakage magnetic field at the end part of the rotor is complex, the symmetry of N and S magnetic fields is not easy to ensure, and a second mode is generally adopted in products with required control precision. According to a control theory, the motor position sensor and the motor stator winding have an angle position relation, and the motor in the prior art has no assembly positioning or no accurate assembly circumferential positioning among all parts, so that the motor position sensor and the motor stator winding can have angle deviation after assembly is completed, phase change deviation is easy to cause, and the torque coefficient of the motor fluctuates greatly. Therefore, the motor in the prior art needs to independently adjust the position of the Hall sensor, and the adjustment is generally to observe the waveform relative position of a Hall signal and the induced potential of the winding by using an oscilloscope, or to observe the current magnitude of the motor when the motor operates by using the current appearance, and then manually rotate the angle of a circuit board of the Hall sensor. The precision of the mode of manual observation and adjustment cannot be guaranteed, the consistency is poor during mass production of the motor, meanwhile, the production efficiency is very low, reworking adjustment sometimes occurs, and the product percent of pass is not high.
In the control principle of the brushless direct current motor, after the Hall position sensor detects the rotor position, the Hall sends out regular on-off signals, and the controller controls the driving circuit to switch the driving state when detecting the signal combination change, so that the driving of the brushless direct current motor is realized. In practical situations, since the control is always performed afterwards, the control is often not performed until the rotor is rotated at a position where the driving state needs to be switched, which affects the performance of the brushless dc motor. In order to eliminate the delay as much as possible and to make the commutation phase correspond to the rotor position, a method of starting the control of the commutation phase in advance of the actual position of the rotor may be employed. The problem of the advance control is that: if software is used for lead control, firstly, a complex software program is needed and is not necessarily reliable, and further, the lead is needed to be controlled to the extent that the lead is insufficient or excessive, and the performance of the brushless direct current motor is affected. In order to meet the requirement of advanced control, the current motor technology still needs to repeatedly adjust the position of the Hall sensor in a manual observation and adjustment mode. In motor design and production, if the position relation of the stator three-phase winding is not considered to be defined, the stator three-phase winding is randomly taken off line and hot sleeved, then the processed motor three-phase winding has no consistency in electrical angle, the back electromotive force waveform angle is greatly different, the debugging is unsuccessful when the angle position relation of the motor Hall position sensor and the motor stator winding is adjusted, and the product qualification rate is not high. In order to be convenient for adjust hall position sensor's position and not receive the inside influence of the temperature rise that generates heat of motor, generally install inductive magnetic pole and hall sensor circuit board in the motor rear end bearing outside, but the dismouting of rear end bearing can be influenced to inductive magnetic pole's size, especially to multipole motor, and inductive magnetic pole number is more, in order to guarantee magnetic field induction precision, inductive magnetic pole size can not be too little. The induction magnetic pole is oversized, and the induction magnetic pole must be removed first during maintenance, and then the rear end bearing can be removed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a brushless dc motor.
The position relation and the relative position of each part are clear in the design of the brushless direct current motor, the circumferential positioning between the stator component and the shell, between the stator component and the end cover component and between the Hall component and the end cover component is accurately ensured through three-stage pin hole positioning, the accumulated errors of a plurality of parts caused by machining tolerances in the machining process are eliminated, the position of the sensor is accurately and reliably positioned, the sensor is assembled once, the adjusting process is omitted, the reliability and the consistency of products are improved, and the product performance and the machining efficiency are effectively improved.
The brushless direct current motor ensures the accurate and reliable position of the three-phase winding by defining the angle relation between the initial 1 st slot position of the three-phase winding and the position of the reference positioning pin. Through the design of response magnetism minimization, outside moving hall position sensor to the motor rear bearing, avoided the inside influence of generating heat to the sensor reliability of motor, the safety cover external diameter is less than the rear bearing internal diameter simultaneously, bearing installation and easy dismounting, simple structure. Through the mode of designing the pinhole location on hall circuit board, can be accurately with the control advance angle conversion location of design to mechanical angle, product performance accuracy control is ensured, and the installation is simple, high-efficient.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a brushless DC motor includes a rotor assembly, a stator component, an end cap assembly, a front bearing, and a rear bearing.
The rotor assembly comprises a first protective cover, a magnetic steel sheet, an induction magnetic steel ring, a second protective cover and a shaft; the magnetic steel sheet and the induction magnetic steel ring are respectively arranged on the shaft; the first protective cover and the second protective cover are respectively covered on the outer ring of the magnetic steel sheet and the induction magnetic steel ring; the front bearing and the rear bearing are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the shaft.
The induction magnetic steel ring is arranged at the rear end part of the motor shaft; the inner diameter of the rear bearing is larger than the outer diameter of the second protective cover so that the rear bearing can directly axially pass through the second protective cover when being dismounted.
The stator component includes a stator assembly, a housing; the stator assembly comprises a stator core and three-phase windings; and the outer circumference of the stator core is provided with more than two positioning pins, and the initial position and the mutual position of the three-phase winding can be determined by referring to the positions of the positioning pins when the three-phase winding is off line.
The inner wall of the shell is provided with a positioning groove matched with the positioning pin column for positioning.
The end cover assembly comprises a Hall assembly and an end cover, wherein the Hall assembly is matched with an induction magnetic steel ring in the rotor assembly of the brushless direct current motor; the end cap assembly is mounted and secured to the stator component and is coupled to the housing in the stator component.
The inner wall of the end cover, which faces towards the inside of the motor, is provided with a bearing chamber which protrudes towards the inside of the motor and is used for accommodating the rear bearing; the outer wall of the end cover facing the outside of the motor is provided with a groove which is concave inwards and used for accommodating the Hall assembly; an arc-shaped bulge for installing the Hall assembly is arranged in the groove; the arc-shaped bulge of the end cover is provided with a first threaded hole and a first positioning pin hole for installing the Hall assembly.
The Hall component comprises a circuit board and a Hall element arranged on the circuit board; the circuit board is provided with a threaded hole II matched and assembled with the threaded hole I on the end cover and a positioning pin hole II matched and positioned with the positioning pin hole I; the mechanical positions of the threaded hole II and the positioning pin hole II on the circuit board can be changed according to the motor load and the phase angle control requirement of the controller, so that the advanced driving requirements of different loads are met.
The induction magnetic steel ring is formed by arranging a plurality of fan-shaped annular induction magnetic steel sheets into a circular ring shape, wherein N, S magnetic pole magnetic steels are arranged at intervals; the number of the induction magnetic steel sheets is equal to that of the magnetic steel sheets in the rotor assembly, the polarities are the same, and the installation angles are the same. The size of the induction magnetic steel is minimized, so that the effective induction strength is ensured, and meanwhile, the volume is minimized, and the weight is minimized. Meanwhile, the outer diameter of the magnetic steel is small, so that the rear bearing can be directly disassembled and assembled, the motor structure is simplified, and the maintainability of the motor is improved.
More than two positioning pins are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the stator core.
The stator core is formed by laminating stator silicon steel sheets; two symmetrical positioning bosses are processed on each stator silicon steel sheet, and the positioning bosses on the plurality of stator silicon steel sheets form the positioning pin post after lamination.
The stator core is formed by laminating stator silicon steel sheets; three positioning bosses are processed on each stator silicon steel sheet, and the positioning bosses on the plurality of stator silicon steel sheets form the positioning pin post after lamination.
Two or three positioning grooves are formed in the inner wall of the shell, and the stator assembly is in the shell through shrink fit interference. During hot sleeving, the stator core positioning pin is fixed in the shell positioning groove, so that the relative positions of the three-phase winding and the shell, namely the stator component, are accurately positioned.
And the end cover is provided with a mounting hole and a positioning pin hole III which are used for being connected with the shell.
The shell is provided with a threaded hole matched and assembled with the mounting hole and a positioning pin hole matched and positioned with the positioning pin hole.
The number of the Hall elements is three.
The brushless direct current motor is flat, the front and rear bearings are arranged at the front and rear ends of the rotor assembly, the Hall assembly is arranged outside the rear bearing, the motor structure is compact, the axial space utilization rate is high, and meanwhile, the Hall assembly is far away from a motor heating component, so that the failure rate of the Hall assembly is effectively reduced.
On the basis of guaranteeing the magnetic field intensity, the induction magnetic steel ring is designed to be smaller, and the magnetic steel miniaturization design solves the problem that the Hall position sensor is moved out of the motor, so that the influence of high temperature in the motor on the Hall is avoided. Meanwhile, the inner diameter of the rear bearing is larger than the outer diameter of the second protective cover, so that the magnetic steel minimization design solves the problem that when the motor is maintained and disassembled, the rear bearing can be directly and axially disassembled through the second protective cover, the motor is simple in internal structure, easy to maintain, low in failure rate and long in service life.
During assembly, three-level positioning of the positioning pin column between the stator assembly and the shell, the positioning pin hole between the stator component and the end cover assembly and the positioning pin hole between the Hall assembly and the end cover assembly are adopted, so that the three-phase winding and three Hall position precision of the motor are guaranteed, the position consistency of the Hall signal waveform and the winding induced potential waveform is guaranteed, the assembly can be completed at one time, the position sensor is free from adjustment, and the production efficiency and the product consistency of the motor are remarkably improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the multipolar brushless direct current motor is designed, the Hall position sensor is moved to the outside of the rear bearing of the motor through the minimization of induction magnetic poles, the influence of the heating inside the motor on the reliability of the sensor is avoided, meanwhile, the outer diameter of the protective cover is smaller than the inner diameter of the rear bearing, the bearing is convenient to install and disassemble and assemble, the processability and maintainability are good, and the processing and maintenance cost is reduced. The magnetic pole minimization effectively simplifies the motor structure and reduces the volume and weight of the motor. Through the electrical position location design of each spare part and mutual positioning control among multiple spare parts, the electrical position uniformity of each spare part has been guaranteed, has eliminated a plurality of spare parts simultaneously and has in place because the accumulated error that machining tolerance leads to in the course of working, assembles once, has removed the process of regulation from, has improved reliability and the uniformity of product, and the installation is simple, high-efficient, has effectively promoted product performance and machining efficiency. Meanwhile, the back electromotive force electric angle of the three-phase winding of the stator is accurately controlled through accurate initial position slot positioning, so that the angular position relation between the rotor Hall position sensor and the stator winding of the motor can be accurately ensured, and the performance accuracy control of the product is ensured; through the mode of designing the pinhole location on hall circuit board, can be accurately with the control advance angle conversion location of design to mechanical angle, product performance accuracy control is ensured, and the installation is simple, high-efficient.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotor assembly.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a dimensional view of an induction magnetic steel sheet.
Fig. 5 is a top view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stator component.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stator assembly.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of stator core winding positioning.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the end cap assembly.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the end cap.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the hall assembly.
Fig. 12 is a left side view of fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a theoretical commutation phase of a 20 pole brushless dc motor.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a 20-pole brushless dc motor with 20 degrees advanced control commutation phase position.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
The brushless dc motor of the present invention includes a rotor assembly 1, a stator member 2, an end cap assembly 3, a front bearing 4, and a rear bearing 5. The assembled structure is shown in fig. 1. Wherein the stator part 2 generates a stator magnetic field, the rotor assembly 1 generates a rotor main magnetic field and an induction magnetic field, the Hall assembly 13 in the end cover assembly 3 is used for detecting the position of the rotor induction magnetic field, and the detection signal is used as a rotor main magnetic field position signal for controlling the time sequence of the stator magnetic field. The accuracy of the detection signal directly affects the performance of the motor.
The rotor assembly 1 comprises a first protection cover 6, a magnetic steel sheet 7, an induction magnetic steel ring 18, a second protection cover 9 and a shaft 10, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. The magnetic steel sheets 7 and the induction magnetic steel rings 18 are respectively mounted on the shaft 10. The first protection cover 6 and the second protection cover 9 are respectively covered on the outer rings of the magnetic steel sheet 7 and the induction magnetic steel ring 18.
The front bearing 4 and the rear bearing 5 are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the motor shaft 10. An induction magnetic steel ring 18 is mounted on the rear end of the motor shaft 10, outside the motor rotor assembly rear bearing 5. The inner diameter of the rear bearing 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the second protective cover 9, and the rear bearing 5 can directly axially pass through the second protective cover 9 during disassembly and assembly.
The induction magnetic steel ring 18 is formed by arranging a plurality of fan-shaped annular induction magnetic steel sheets 8 into a circular ring shape, wherein N, S magnetic pole magnetic steels are arranged at intervals. The number of the induction magnetic steel sheets 8 is equal to that of the magnetic steel sheets 7 in the rotor assembly 1, the polarities are the same, and the installation angles are the same. By engraving the angle mark line on the shaft, the magnetic steel sheet 7 and the induction magnetic steel sheet 8 are fixed by glue respectively, the polarity and the relative position of the magnetic steel sheet 7 and the induction magnetic steel sheet 8 are strictly ensured to be consistent, and the schematic diagram of the position and the polarity after pasting is shown in figure 2. The first protective cover 6 and the second protective cover 9 are respectively covered on the outer rings of the magnetic steel sheet 7 and the induction magnetic steel sheet 8, and the protective covers and the magnetic steel are adhered by using adhesive. The inner diameter and the outer diameter of the induction magnetic steel sheet 8 are phi 25.5mm and phi 28.5mm respectively, the angle is 18 degrees, the thickness of the magnetic steel is 1.5mm, and the length is 3mm, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. On the basis of guaranteeing the magnetic field strength, the induction magnetic steel size is designed to be minimized, and the magnetic steel minimization design solves the problem that the Hall position sensor is moved out of the motor, so that the influence of high temperature in the motor on the Hall is avoided.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the stator part 2 includes a housing 11 and a stator assembly 12. The stator assembly 12 includes a stator core 16 and three-phase windings 17. Two positioning pins 1601 are machined on the outer circumference of the stator core 16. The stator core 16 is formed by laminating stator silicon steel sheets. Two symmetrical positioning bosses are machined on the stator silicon steel sheet, a plurality of positioning bosses become stator core positioning pins 1601 after lamination, and the precision of the positioning pins can be ensured by utilizing a tool during lamination. As shown in fig. 8, the initial 1 st slot position and the mutual position of the three-phase winding are determined with reference to the positioning pin position when the three-phase winding 17 is taken off line. After the completion of the winding-off, the starting position and the mutual position of the phases of the three-phase winding 17 are determined, and the relative position with the positioning pin 1601 is also determined.
The housing 11 is machined with two symmetrical positioning slots 1103, and the stator assembly 12 is shrink fit to the housing 11. The shrink fit aligns the dowel pins 1601 with the detents 1103 of the housing 11, thus accurately positioning and securing the stator assembly 12 in the housing 11. Through the positioning action of the positioning pin 1601, the position deviation possibly generated in the hot jacket process is eliminated, and the relative position precision of the three-phase winding and the screw hole and the pin hole of the upper end cover assembly of the shell is ensured.
The housing 11 is machined with threaded holes 1101 and registration pin holes 1102 for mounting the end cap assembly 3 for mounting and positioning the end cap assembly 3.
The end cap assembly 3, as shown in fig. 9, includes a hall assembly 13 and an end cap 15. As shown in fig. 1 and 10, the inner wall of the end cover 15 facing the inside of the motor is provided with a bearing chamber 1501 protruding into the inside of the motor for accommodating the rear bearing 5. An outer wall of the end cover 15 facing the outside of the motor is provided with an inwardly recessed groove 1502 for accommodating the hall assembly 13. An arc-shaped protrusion 1503 for mounting the hall element 13 is provided in the recess. The arcuate protrusion 1503 of the end cap 15 is provided with a threaded hole one 1504 and a dowel pin hole one 1505 for mounting the hall assembly 13. The end cap 15 is provided with a mounting hole 1506 and a third registration pin hole 1507 for connection to the housing 11. As shown in fig. 7 and 8.
The hall assembly 13 comprises three hall elements and a circuit board 14, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the three hall elements are arranged on a distribution circle with a center distance of 34mm on the circuit board 14 according to the angle design of the induction potential position of the brushless direct current motor (the position shown in fig. 11), the middle hall is at the same 48-degree mechanical angle with the other two hall, the induction surface of the hall is inward, and the hall outgoing wires are led out from the back of the circuit board. The circuit board 14 is provided with a threaded hole II 1401 which is matched with the threaded hole I1504 on the end cover 15 and a positioning pin hole II 1402 which is matched with the positioning pin hole I1505 for positioning, and the positions of the threaded hole and the positioning pin hole can be designed according to the motor load and the phase angle control requirement of the controller. The Hall assembly 13 is fixed on the end cover 15 through screw installation, and the positioning pins are used for guaranteeing the relative position precision of the end cover assembly 3 and the Hall assembly 13 in the circumferential direction during installation, so that the relative position precision of three Hall and three-phase windings after the Hall assembly 13 is installed is guaranteed.
The end cover assembly 3 is fixed on the shell 11 of the stator part 2 through screw installation, and positioning pins are used for guaranteeing the relative position precision of the end cover assembly 3 and the stator part 2 in the circumferential direction during installation. After the end cover assembly 3 is assembled with the stator component 2, the relative positions of the three-phase windings and the end cover assembly 3 are precisely positioned.
The positions of the second threaded hole and the second positioning pin hole on the circuit board 14 can be determined according to the motor load and the phase angle control requirement of the controller, and the advanced driving requirements of different loads are met. Assuming that the pole pair number of the motor is P antipole, the theoretical commutation position and the Hall installation angle are theta 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Leading to control the commutation position, and setting the Hall installation angle to be theta 2； The advance control phase change angle is theta 3 Then |theta 2 -θ 1 |=θ 3 P. The mechanical angle between the advanced control commutation position and the theoretical commutation position is calculated, and the positions of the threaded hole two 1401 and the positioning pin hole two 1402 on the circuit board 14 are determined, so that the advanced control commutation position is advanced to the theoretical commutation position, and the advanced commutation angle can be ensured. The method is simple and controllable, free of adjustment, high in precision and good in batch consistency. Illustrating: in the theoretical commutation position, the schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the hall and the three-phase winding is shown in fig. 13. And in the advanced 20-degree control phase change position, the schematic diagram of the position relation between the Hall and the three-phase winding is shown in figure 14.
The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A brushless DC motor comprises a rotor assembly (1), a stator component (2), an end cover assembly (3), a front bearing (4) and a rear bearing (5); the method is characterized in that:
the rotor assembly (1) comprises a first protection cover (6), a magnetic steel sheet (7), an induction magnetic steel ring (18), a second protection cover (9) and a shaft (10); the magnetic steel sheet (7) and the induction magnetic steel ring (18) are respectively arranged on the shaft (10); the first protective cover (6) and the second protective cover (9) are respectively covered on the outer rings of the magnetic steel sheet (7) and the induction magnetic steel ring (18); the front bearing (4) and the rear bearing (5) are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the shaft (10);
the induction magnetic steel ring (18) is arranged at the rear end part of the motor shaft (10); the inner diameter of the rear bearing (5) is larger than the outer diameter of the second protective cover (9) so that the rear bearing can directly and axially pass through the second protective cover (9) when being disassembled and assembled;
the stator component (2) comprises a stator assembly (12), a housing (11); the stator assembly (12) comprises a stator core (16) and three-phase windings (17); more than two positioning pins (1601) are arranged on the outer circumference of the stator core (16), and the starting position and the mutual position of the three-phase windings are determined by referring to the positions of the positioning pins (1601) when the three-phase windings (17) are off line;
a positioning groove (1103) matched with the positioning pin (1601) is formed in the inner wall of the shell (11);
the end cover assembly (3) comprises a Hall assembly (13) matched with the induction magnetic steel ring in the brushless DC motor rotor assembly (1) and an end cover (15); the end cover assembly (3) is fixedly arranged on the stator component (2) and is connected with the shell (11) in the stator component (2);
the inner wall of the end cover (15) facing the inside of the motor is provided with a bearing chamber (1501) protruding towards the inside of the motor and used for accommodating the rear bearing (5); an inner concave groove (1502) for accommodating the Hall assembly (13) is formed in the outer wall, facing the outside of the motor, of the end cover (15); an arc-shaped bulge (1503) for installing the Hall component (13) is arranged in the groove; a first threaded hole (1504) and a first positioning pin hole (1505) for installing the Hall assembly (13) are formed in the arc-shaped bulge (1503) of the end cover (15);
the Hall assembly (13) comprises a circuit board (14) and a Hall element arranged on the circuit board (14); the circuit board (14) is provided with a threaded hole II (1401) which is matched and assembled with the threaded hole I (1504) on the end cover (15), and a positioning pin hole II (1402) which is matched and positioned with the positioning pin hole I (1505).
2. The brushless dc motor of claim 1 wherein: the induction magnetic steel ring (18) is formed by arranging a plurality of fan-shaped annular induction magnetic steel sheets (8) into a circular shape; the number of the induction magnetic steel sheets (8) is equal to the number of the magnetic steel sheets (7) in the rotor assembly (1), the polarities are the same, and the installation angles are the same.
3. The brushless dc motor of claim 1 wherein: more than two positioning pins (1601) are uniformly distributed on the outer circumference of the stator core (16).
4. A brushless dc motor according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the stator core (16) is formed by laminating stator silicon steel sheets; two symmetrical positioning bosses are processed on each stator silicon steel sheet, and the positioning bosses on the plurality of stator silicon steel sheets after lamination form the positioning pin (1601).
5. A brushless dc motor according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the stator core (16) is formed by laminating stator silicon steel sheets; three positioning bosses are processed on each stator silicon steel sheet, and the positioning bosses on the plurality of stator silicon steel sheets form the positioning pin (1601) after lamination.
6. The brushless dc motor of claim 1 wherein: two or three positioning grooves (1103) are formed in the inner wall of the shell (11), and the stator assembly (12) is in interference fit in the shell (11) through a hot sleeve.
7. The brushless dc motor of claim 1 wherein: the end cover (15) is provided with a mounting hole (1506) and a positioning pin hole III (1507) for connecting with the shell (11).
8. The brushless dc motor of claim 7 wherein: the shell (11) is provided with a threaded hole (1101) matched and assembled with the mounting hole (1506) and a positioning pin hole (1102) matched and positioned with the positioning pin hole III (1507).
9. The brushless dc motor of claim 1 wherein: the number of the Hall elements is three.
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| CN202211725398.6A CN116365794B (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Brushless DC motor |
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| CN202211725398.6A CN116365794B (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2022-12-29 | Brushless DC motor |
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| CN116365794B true CN116365794B (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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| CN206117463U (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-04-19 | 常州市金坛微特电机有限公司 | Electronic brushless DC motor for treadmill |
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| CN208955839U (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-06-07 | 沈阳华越汽车技术开发有限公司 | A kind of brshless DC motor |
| CN110768472A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 北京曙光航空电气有限责任公司 | Axial integrated oil immersion brushless direct current motor position sensor mounting structure |
| CN113364219A (en) * | 2021-07-11 | 2021-09-07 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Rotor position detection structure for liquid-cooled brushless direct current motor |
| CN216794797U (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-06-21 | 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | Permanent magnet brushless direct current motor Hall detection system |
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2022
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101257235A (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-03 | 日本电产株式会社 | Motor |
| CN206117463U (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-04-19 | 常州市金坛微特电机有限公司 | Electronic brushless DC motor for treadmill |
| CN207283375U (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-04-27 | 北京曙光航空电气有限责任公司 | A kind of brshless DC motor Hall sensor mounting structure |
| CN208955839U (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-06-07 | 沈阳华越汽车技术开发有限公司 | A kind of brshless DC motor |
| CN110768472A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 北京曙光航空电气有限责任公司 | Axial integrated oil immersion brushless direct current motor position sensor mounting structure |
| CN113364219A (en) * | 2021-07-11 | 2021-09-07 | 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 | Rotor position detection structure for liquid-cooled brushless direct current motor |
| CN216794797U (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-06-21 | 瑞立集团瑞安汽车零部件有限公司 | Permanent magnet brushless direct current motor Hall detection system |
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| CN116365794A (en) | 2023-06-30 |
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