CN116365257A - Beam forming antenna, sensor and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Beam forming antenna, sensor and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116365257A
CN116365257A CN202111672531.1A CN202111672531A CN116365257A CN 116365257 A CN116365257 A CN 116365257A CN 202111672531 A CN202111672531 A CN 202111672531A CN 116365257 A CN116365257 A CN 116365257A
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China
Prior art keywords
beam forming
branch
antenna
array antenna
beamforming
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CN202111672531.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈哲凡
王典
李珊
庄凯杰
黄雪娟
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Calterah Semiconductor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
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Calterah Semiconductor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9315—Monitoring blind spots
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The application discloses beam forming antenna, sensor and electronic equipment, this beam forming antenna includes: a beam forming branch set, an array antenna branch set, and a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set; the beam forming branch group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branches, and the array antenna branch group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branches; the length of the beam forming branch is longer than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined according to a preset phase difference between the beam forming antenna group and the array antenna group. And it affects the amplitude distribution and the relative phase distribution of the currents in the whole antenna structure, i.e. the radiation pattern of the whole antenna structure.

Description

Beam forming antenna, sensor and electronic equipment
The present application claims priority from the chinese patent office, application number 202111630762.6, entitled "beamforming antenna, sensor and electronics," filed on 28, 12, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam forming antenna, a sensor and electronic equipment.
Background
In recent years, millimeter wave radar technology is becoming more mature. In the automotive field, radar applications can be divided into two main categories: angular radar and forward radar. The angle radar is usually a short-distance radar, and can meet the requirements of blind area detection, lane changing assistance and front and back traffic alarm; while forward radar is primarily used for autonomous emergency braking and adaptive cruise control medium-to-long range radar applications. Beamforming is an antenna-based signal synthesis technique that enables a desired array gain and beam coverage to be achieved by implementing specific pointing of the antenna. Thus, the beamforming technique of the antenna has great advantages in achieving a specific beam coverage and detection of a specific angle.
The conventional angular radar is generally formed by adopting a conventional array antenna, and is installed at a certain angle (such as 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 60 degrees) with the right front/right rear of the vehicle, and the maximum radiation gain of the conventional array antenna is right above the antenna, so that the maximum detection distance of the angular radar forms a corresponding installation angle with the travelling direction of the vehicle.
Therefore, a beam forming antenna is needed to make the beam coverage and the corresponding maximum detection distance of the beam forming antenna meet the practical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a beam forming antenna, a sensor and electronic equipment, so that the beam coverage range and the corresponding maximum detection distance of the beam forming antenna meet the actual requirements.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a beamforming antenna, including: beam forming branch node groups; an array antenna branch group; and a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set;
the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots; the array antenna branch group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branches; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined in accordance with a preset phase difference between the beam-imparting branch and the array antenna branch.
In some embodiments of the first aspect, the pitch between adjacent beam forming branches is determined according to the feed position of each beam forming branch maintaining the same directional current.
In some embodiments shown in the first aspect, the phase deviation corresponding to the first feeding structure, the first preset number of beam forming branches and the second preset number of array antenna branches are determined according to a composite current distribution required by the beam forming antenna; the synthesized current distribution is used for reflecting the radiation angle range and the radiation gain of the beam forming antenna.
In some embodiments of the first aspect, the beam forming branch groups are arranged on a head side and/or a tail side of the array antenna branch groups.
In some embodiments shown in the first aspect, the width of each of the beam forming branches is the same or meets chebyshev distribution, and/or the width of each of the array antenna branches is the same or meets chebyshev distribution.
In some embodiments shown in the first aspect, the beamforming antenna further comprises a second feed structure and a third feed structure;
the second feed structure is connected to one end of the first feed structure and is used for connecting each beam forming branch and feeding power to each beam forming branch; the third feed structure is connected to the other end of the first feed structure, and is used for connecting each array antenna branch and feeding power to each array antenna branch.
In some embodiments shown in the first aspect, each beam forming branch is staggered on two sides of the second feed structure; and/or the branches of the array antenna are staggered on two sides of the third feed structure.
In some embodiments of the first aspect, the length of the beam forming stub is determined based on a guided wave wavelength of the beam forming stub in a medium.
In some embodiments of the first aspect, the length of the array antenna stub is determined based on half the guided wave wavelength of the array antenna stub in the medium.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a sensor, including: a beamforming antenna according to any of the first aspects, and signal transceiving means connected to the beamforming antenna for driving the beamforming antenna to emit a probe signal wave and for receiving an echo signal wave formed by reflection and/or scattering of the probe signal wave by a target;
the signal transceiver is further configured to process an echo electric signal formed by the beamforming antenna through sensing the echo signal wave, so as to output a baseband digital signal obtained by processing the echo electric signal.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including: the sensor of the second aspect; a processor coupled to the sensor; and a memory coupled to the processor.
The embodiment of the application provides a beam forming antenna, which comprises: beam forming branch node groups; an array antenna branch group; and a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set; the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots; the array antenna branch group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branches; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined in accordance with a preset phase difference between the beam-imparting branch and the array antenna branch. According to the technical scheme, the beam forming branch knot group, the array antenna branch knot group and the first feed structure for connecting the beam forming branch knot group and the array antenna branch knot group can form the beam forming antenna, and the length of the first feed structure is determined according to the required phase difference between the beam forming antenna group and the array antenna group. And it affects the amplitude distribution and the relative phase distribution of the currents in the whole antenna structure, i.e. the radiation pattern of the whole antenna structure.
These and other aspects of the present application will be more readily apparent from the following description.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna;
fig. 2 is a pattern of the array antenna shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided with an active power dividing module;
fig. 4 is a pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 3;
fig. 5a is a current profile of a beam forming branch set, and fig. 5b is a current profile of an array antenna branch set;
fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a beamforming antenna provided in the present application, fig. 6b is a schematic structural diagram of another beamforming antenna provided in the present application, and fig. 6c is a schematic structural diagram of another beamforming antenna provided in the present application;
fig. 7 is a current distribution diagram of each beam forming branch and each array antenna branch in a beam forming antenna provided in the present application;
fig. 8 is an equivalent radiation current distribution diagram of a beam forming antenna provided in the present application;
fig. 9 is a directional diagram of a beamforming antenna provided in the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a sensor according to the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings.
The term "and/or" is herein merely an association relationship describing an associated object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.
The terms "first" and "second" and the like in the description and in the drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects or for distinguishing between different processes of the same object and not for describing a particular sequential order of objects.
Furthermore, references to the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the present application are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed but may optionally include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Before discussing exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although a flowchart depicts operations (or steps) as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or at the same time. Furthermore, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process may be terminated when its operations are completed, but may have additional steps not included in the figures. The processes may correspond to methods, functions, procedures, subroutines, and the like. Furthermore, embodiments and features of embodiments in this application may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary" or "such as" are used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete fashion.
In the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" means two or more.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the array antenna shown in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 2, the horizontal axis represents an angle, the vertical axis represents an antenna gain, the maximum radiation gain of the array antenna shown in fig. 1 is directly above the antenna, and the antenna is installed at both sides of a vehicle in a 45 ° inclination manner, so that the maximum detection distance is 45 ° with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle. In order to better realize blind area detection and lane changing assistance, the maximum detection distance of the antenna is required to be at the front and back of the vehicle and at the two sides of the vehicle, and in order to realize the requirement, special design is required to be carried out on the antenna. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided with an active power dividing module, fig. 4 is a directional diagram of the transmitting antenna shown in fig. 3, and as shown in fig. 4, the horizontal axis represents an angle and the vertical axis represents an antenna gain. In order to maximize the front-rear gain and the gain on both sides of the vehicle, that is, the radiation gain of ±45° corresponding to the antenna pattern is maximized, a transmitting antenna as shown in fig. 1 may be used, and the power distribution ratio allocated to the three antenna branches is selected as 1 by the power distribution module: k:1 (K is more than or equal to 2 is less than or equal to 4), and the phase distribution is selected as follows: -140 °,0 °, 140 °. The power dividing module introduced in the scheme increases the design difficulty of the transmitting antenna, and the multi-branch antenna and the power dividing module occupy larger area, which is not beneficial to the integration of the system.
Therefore, a beam forming antenna having a simple structure and a small area is proposed to realize the pattern as shown in fig. 4.
The beamforming antenna will be described in detail in connection with various embodiments.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present application provides a beamforming antenna, including: a beam forming branch set, an array antenna branch set, and a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set; the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots, and the array antenna branch knot group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branch knots; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined according to a preset phase difference between the beam forming antenna group and the array antenna group.
The antenna medium (medium for short) is an object for guiding guided wave transmission in the beam forming antenna. Taking a patch antenna as an example, the medium is a material of a medium layer of a metal layer carrying a radiation structure in the beam forming antenna. Taking AiP type antenna as an example, the medium is a material of a medium layer of a metal layer of a radiation structure in the beam forming antenna, which is carried in a packaging structure of the chip.
Unlike the structures of the antennas shown in fig. 1 and 3, the beamforming antenna uses a single antenna structure formed by a beamforming branch group, an array antenna branch group and a first feed structure, and the beamforming antenna can provide a radiation pattern wider than the radiation angle range shown in fig. 2 due to structural changes such as the number of the beamforming branch group and the array antenna branch group, the branch length, and the length of the first feed structure. The antenna structure provided by this example achieves a wide radiation angle range and beam forming as required by an angle sensor in a smaller size than that of fig. 3.
In addition, because the antenna adopts a single-string structure rather than a multi-string parallel structure, the antenna structure provided by the application avoids the design and processing of the power divider, avoids the performance deterioration caused by the processing error of the power divider structure, and can effectively improve the design reliability of the antenna.
The length of the beam forming branches and the array antenna branches is related to the expected radiation pattern shape, and the wavelength lambda of the guided wave of the branches of the beam forming antenna in the medium g Varied. The beam forming branch is longer than the guided wave wavelength, so that the guided wave distributes two opposite currents on the beam forming branch, and the length of the beam forming branch is actually near the guided wave wavelength due to the capacitance effect of the edge of the branch. The array antenna branches are equal to half of the wavelength of the guided wave, so that single-strand current is distributed on the array antenna branches, and the length of the array antenna branches is actually near the half of the wavelength of the guided wave according to the open circuit effect of the branch edges. Thus, each beam forming branch and each array antenna branch form a plurality of equivalent radiation sources, and the resultant currents distributed in the plurality of equivalent radiation sources weaken or strengthen electromagnetic waves radiated by the beam forming antennas at different positions in free space, thereby forming a pattern with wider radiation angles.
And the branch pitch between adjacent beam forming branches is determined according to the fact that the feed positions of the beam forming branches keep the same current. Taking the axial staggered arrangement of a plurality of beam forming branches as an example, the branch pitch between adjacent beam forming branches on the same side is the guided wave wavelength lambda g The pitch distance between adjacent beam forming pitches on different sides is lambda g /2. Taking the example that a plurality of beam forming branches are arranged along the same side in the axial direction, the adjacent beam forming branches on the same sideThe inter-branch spacing is the guided wave wavelength lambda g 。
Similarly, the pitch between adjacent array antenna branches is determined by maintaining the same directional current at the feed position of each array antenna branch. Taking the axial staggered arrangement of multiple array antenna branches as an example, the branch pitch between adjacent array antenna branches on the same side is the guided wave wavelength lambda g The branch pitch between adjacent array antenna branches at different sides is lambda g /2. Taking the arrangement of multiple array antenna branches along the same axial side as an example, the branch spacing between adjacent array antenna branches on the same side is the guided wave wavelength lambda g 。
Considering that each beam forming branch and/or each array antenna branch at different positions radiate electromagnetic waves with the same or different powers, so that the radiation gains of the beam forming antennas are also different, and then the widths of each array antenna branch are the same or meet Chebyshev distribution.
Referring to fig. 5a and 5b, a current profile of a beam forming branch set and a current profile of an array antenna branch set are illustrated, respectively. As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, the beam forming branches and the array antenna branches are equivalent to three radiation sources, wherein the first radiation source radiates energy outwards along the current distribution in the paper surface based on the direction in the beam forming branches as in fig. 5 a; the second radiation source radiates energy based on current distribution in the direction down the page as in the beam shaping stub set of fig. 5a, and current distribution in the direction down the page as in the array antenna stub set of fig. 5 b; the third radiation source radiates electromagnetic waves based on a current distribution in the beam-forming branches as in fig. 5a, which is directed down the paper. Therefore, in principle, the beam forming antenna provided by the application is to provide a plurality of radiation sources within a certain distance interval, and electromagnetic waves generated by each radiation source can be weakened or enhanced at different positions in free space, so that the detection requirement of the angle sensor under the preset radiation angle range and radiation gain condition is met. Wherein the horizontal distance interval is significantly shorter than the distance interval corresponding to the multiple string radiating structure shown in fig. 3.
In addition, according to the energy superposition principle of the beam forming branches and the array antenna branches in the free space, the first preset quantity and the second preset quantity can adjust the radiation angle range and the radiation gain of the designed beam forming antenna. For example, each of the beamforming antennas having different first preset number and/or second preset number is configured, and because the energy of the equivalent radiation source is changed, the radiation angle range and the radiation gain corresponding to the corresponding beamforming antenna are changed.
Here, each beam forming branch of the beam forming branch group may be connected by a second feed structure. Each array antenna branch in the array antenna branch group may be connected by a third feed structure. Here, the second feeding structure or the third feeding structure may include, for example: microstrip line structures or coplanar waveguide structures. In some examples, the second, first and third feed structures are different sections of a microstrip line connecting all branches.
The first feed structure is a circuit structure for feeding the same guided wave to the beam forming branch group and the array antenna branch group, and the length of the first feed structure reflects the phase difference of the guided wave fed into the beam forming branch group and the array antenna branch group respectively; the phase difference is helpful to adjust the position of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each radiation source in the free space, thereby realizing the purpose of setting the corresponding angle range and radiation gain according to the scene requirement of the angle sensor.
The two ends of the first feed structure are connected with the beam forming branch knot and the array antenna branch knot, and the front and back positions of the beam forming branch knot and the array antenna branch knot can be determined according to actual requirements. For example, the beam forming branch groups are arranged at the head side and/or the tail side of the array antenna branch groups.
Fig. 6a is a schematic structural diagram of a beamforming antenna provided in the present application, as shown in fig. 6a, a beamforming branch set is arranged at a head side of an array antenna branch set, and fig. 6b is a schematic structural diagram of another beamforming antenna provided in the present application, as shown in fig. 6b, a waveFig. 6c is a schematic structural diagram of another beamforming antenna provided in the present application, and as shown in fig. 6c, the beamforming branches are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the array antenna branches. As can be seen from the above examples, the phase deviation, the first preset number of the beam forming branches and the second preset number of the array antenna branches, which are set according to the length of the first feed structure in the beam forming antenna, can change the resultant current distribution formed by the equivalent radiation source on the beam forming antenna; the synthesized current distribution is used for reflecting the radiation angle range and the radiation gain of the beam forming antenna. The combined current distribution of the beam forming antenna is illustrated by way of example in fig. 5a and 5b, wherein three equivalent radiation sources formed by the beam forming antenna respectively provide n 11 cos(α+180°)，((n 12 +n 31 ) cosα+2mcos β), and n 32 cos (α+180°) three current distributions. Wherein n is 11 And n 32 The number of beam forming branches corresponding to the first radiation source and the third radiation source respectively; (n) 12 +n 31 ) M is the number of beam forming branches corresponding to the second radiation source and the number of array antenna branches in the array antenna branch group respectively; alpha is the guided wave phase of the feed beam forming branch; beta is the guided wave phase of the branch of the feed array antenna; and (beta-alpha) is a phase deviation set according to the length of the first feeding structure.
Example two
Various examples specific to the technical solution described in the first embodiment are provided in this example.
The application also provides a beam forming antenna, which comprises a beam forming branch knot group, an array antenna branch knot group and a first feed structure for connecting the beam forming branch knot group and the array antenna branch knot group; the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots, and the array antenna branch knot group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branch knots; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined according to the phase difference required by the beam-forming branch groups and the array antenna branch groups.
As shown in fig. 6a, the first preset number of beam forming branches included in the beam forming branch group is 8, and the second preset number of array antenna branches included in the array antenna group is also 8, that is, the eight branch beam forming branches may form the beam forming branch group, and the eight branch array antenna branches may form the array antenna branch group. In the beam forming antenna provided in fig. 6a, the eight branches of beam forming branches are respectively staggered on two sides of the connecting line, the eight branches of antenna branches are respectively staggered on two sides of the connecting line, the beam forming branch group is located on the front side of the first feed structure, and the array antenna branch group is located on the rear side of the first feed structure.
Fig. 5a is a current profile of a beam forming branch set, and fig. 5b is a current profile of an array antenna branch set. The addition of the beam forming branch unit at the front side or the rear side of the array antenna branch unit introduces additional current wave division, and two sections of currents with opposite directions exist at one guided wave wavelength, so that the current distribution of the beam forming branch unit is shown in fig. 6a, and the current distribution of the array antenna branch unit is shown in fig. 6 b.
The first feed structure between the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set can realize the composite distribution of current on the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set. The phase of each beam forming branch included in the beam forming branch group may be α, and the phase of each array antenna branch included in the array antenna branch group may be β. Fig. 7 is a current distribution diagram of each beam forming branch and each array antenna branch in a beam forming antenna provided by the present application, as shown in fig. 7, a first beam forming current with a phase α and a second beam forming current with a phase α+180° are distributed on each beam forming branch, and an array antenna current with a phase β is distributed on each array antenna branch. In order to obtain a horizontal directional diagram of the beam forming antenna, currents of each beam forming branch of the beam forming antenna and pitching arrangement of each array antenna branch of the beam forming antenna can be integrated on the same horizontal direction, and at the moment, the integrated currents are divided into four groups in total.
In the combined current, the edges are twoThe current of the two strands is ncos (alpha+180 DEG), the current of the middle two strands is ncos alpha+mcos alpha 1, the current of the middle two strands can be equivalent to a current with the amplitude of 2 times, namely, the current of the middle two strands is ncos alpha 0+mcos beta, and the current of the middle two strands can be equivalent to a current of 2ncos alpha+2mcos beta. Wherein n is the number of beam forming branches arranged on one side of the connecting line of the beam forming branch group, and m is the number of array antenna branches arranged on one side of the connecting line of the array antenna branch group. Thus, the current distribution of the beamforming antenna can be determined according to the current phase on each branch and the number of branches. For example, n may be 4, and m may be 4, that is, there are four beam forming branches on one side of the connection line of the beam forming branch group, and four array antenna branches on one side of the connection line of the array antenna branch group. Fig. 8 is a graph of a combined current distribution of a beamforming antenna provided in the present application, where, as shown in the left side of fig. 8, the current of the two edge strands is 4cos (α+180°), the current of the middle strand is 4cos α+4cos β, which can be equivalent to 8cos α+8cos β, and the sum and difference product of trigonometric functions can be used to determine
Figure BDA0003453439960000131
Thus, a four-wire current distribution as shown on the left side of fig. 8 may be equivalent to a three-wire current distribution as shown on the right side of fig. 8.
The first feed structure can be used as a phase control branch to control the phases of the beam forming branch group and the array antenna branch group, in particular, when beta=alpha-80 DEG, the middle two currents in the synthesized current can be equivalent to one current
Figure BDA0003453439960000132
Since currents ncos (α+180°) =4cos (α+180°) of the edge two strands, the amplitude distribution of the three-part current synthesized at this time is 1:3:1, the relative phase distribution is-140 degrees, 0 degrees and-140 degrees, and the design requirements of amplitude and phase proportioning can be met.
Fig. 9 is a directional diagram of a beam forming antenna provided in the present application, where, as shown in fig. 9, the horizontal axis represents an angle, the vertical axis represents an antenna gain, and the antenna directional diagram meets a specific beam range requirement of an angular radar.
The application provides a beam forming antenna, comprising: a beam forming branch set, an array antenna branch set, and a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set; the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots, and the array antenna branch knot group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branch knots; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined in dependence on a preset phase deviation of the guided wave transmitted in the medium. According to the technical scheme, the beam forming branch knot group, the array antenna branch knot group and the first feed structure for connecting the beam forming branch knot group and the array antenna branch knot group can form the beam forming antenna, and the length of the first feed structure is determined according to the required phase difference between the beam forming antenna group and the array antenna group. And it affects the amplitude distribution and the relative phase distribution of the currents in the whole antenna structure, i.e. the radiation pattern of the whole antenna structure.
In one embodiment, the pitch between adjacent beam forming branches is determined according to the current in the same direction maintained by the feeding position of each beam forming branch.
Specifically, the pitch between adjacent beam forming branches on the same side of the beam forming branch group connecting line can be determined according to the same-direction current maintained by the feed position of each beam forming branch, specifically, the pitch between adjacent beam forming branches on the same side of the beam forming branch group connecting line can be the guided wave wavelength lambda of the current medium g 。
In addition, the branch length of the beam forming branch can also be the guided wave wavelength lambda in the current medium g 。
Of course, in practical application, because the edge of the beam forming branch is in an open state, additional capacitance features are introduced, so that the branch length of the beam forming branch and the branch spacing between adjacent beam forming branches on the same side of the beam forming branch group connecting line can float around the guided wave wavelength.
In one embodiment, the phase deviation of the first feed structure, the first preset number of beam forming branches and the second preset number of array antenna branches are determined according to the composite current distribution of the beam forming antenna; the synthesized current distribution is used for reflecting the radiation angle range and the radiation gain of the beam forming antenna.
In practical application, the radiation angle range and radiation gain requirement of the beam forming antenna can determine the amplitude distribution requirement and the relative phase distribution requirement of the synthesized current corresponding to the current distributed in the beam forming antenna, and further can determine the phase deviation of the first feed structure, the first preset number of beam forming branches and the second preset number of array antenna branches. For example, the radiation angle range and radiation gain requirements of the beam forming antenna are: the radiation gain of ±45° corresponding to the antenna pattern is maximum, and therefore, the amplitude distribution requirement of the resultant current corresponding to the current distributed in the beamforming antenna is 1:3:1, the relative phase distribution requirement is-140 degrees, 0 degrees and-140 degrees. And then the phase deviation of the guided wave is determined to be alpha-80 degrees, the first preset number of beam forming branches is 8, and the second preset number of array antenna branches is 8.
The beam forming antenna provided by the application can comprise a beam forming branch knot group, an array antenna branch knot group, a first feed structure for connecting the beam forming branch knot group and the array antenna branch knot group and the like; the beam forming branch group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branches, and the array antenna branch group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branches; the length of the beam forming branch is longer than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined in dependence on a preset phase deviation of the transmission of the guided wave in the antenna medium. The pitch between adjacent beam forming branches is determined according to the fact that the feed positions of the beam forming branches keep the same current. The phase deviation of the first feed structure, the first preset number of beam forming branches and the second preset number of array antenna branches are determined according to the composite current distribution of the beam forming antennas; the resultant current distribution is used to reflect the radiation angle range and radiation gain of the beam forming antenna. The length of the first feed structure is determined according to the phase difference required by the beam-forming branch groups and the array antenna branch groups, and the length of the first feed structure can influence the amplitude distribution and the relative phase distribution of each current in the beam-forming antenna, and after the amplitude distribution and the relative phase distribution of each current in the beam-forming antenna are determined, the directional diagram of the beam-forming antenna can be determined. In addition, the beam forming branch node groups are arranged at the head side and/or the tail side of the array antenna branch node groups; the width of each array antenna branch is the same or meets Chebyshev distribution; the beam forming antenna further comprises a second feed structure and a third feed structure; the second feed structure is used for connecting each beam forming branch and feeding power to each beam forming branch; the third feed structure is used for connecting each array antenna branch and feeding power to each array antenna branch; each beam forming branch is arranged on two sides of the second feed structure in a staggered mode, and each array antenna branch is arranged on two sides of the third feed structure in a staggered mode. The structure of the formed beam forming antenna is more flexible and changeable, the area is smaller, the preset design requirement for the beam forming antenna is realized by the smaller area, and the integration level of the system is improved.
It should be noted that the foregoing examples are not mutually exclusive, and examples may form beamforming antennas with more structures by recombination or the like, which will not be described in detail herein. It should be further noted that, the beamforming antenna mentioned in each of the foregoing examples may be configured in the chip where the sensor is located, or may be connected to the chip where the sensor is located through a chip pin.
Herein, the term chip (integrated circuit, abbreviated as IC, also called chip) is a circuit structure manufactured on a semiconductor wafer by miniaturizing a circuit (mainly including a semiconductor device, also including a passive component, etc.), which includes: die (die) and package structure. A die refers to a semiconductor circuit structure produced in a processing plant (foundry) that includes bond pads (pads) for packaging. Such a die is not generally directly applied to an actual circuit, but is covered with a package structure by a chip packaging technology to obtain the chip. The package structure is a structure covering the bare chip, and comprises pins for communicating an internal circuit and an external circuit formed in the bare chip; a housing is also included for securing, sealing, protecting the die and for enhancing electrothermal performance. Here, the sensor chip (also called a sensor chip, a radar chip, a sensor, or the like) is a circuit including an antenna manufactured by using a technique of manufacturing the chip, so that a miniaturized and high-circuit-integration electric device is formed.
In some examples of the sensing chip, the beamforming antenna may be configured in a surface of a die, or in a package structure. For example, the Chip is a AiP (Antenna-In-Package) Chip structure, aoP (Antenna-On-Package) Chip structure, or an AoC (Antenna-On-Chip) Chip structure.
In other sensing chips, the beam forming antenna may be disposed outside the sensing chip and connected to the chip through pins of the sensing chip. The plurality of beam forming antennas with the same or different configurations jointly form an antenna device in the sensing chip so as to meet the requirements of the sensor on the detected angle range and the detected radiation distance.
In an alternative embodiment, the sensor chips may be identical to the sensor chips described in any of the embodiments of the present application, that is, the sensor chips may have the same structure and function as each other, or may be combined with each other to form a cascade structure, which is not described herein for simplicity, but it should be understood that the technology that a person skilled in the art should learn based on the disclosure of the present application should be included in the scope of the disclosure of the present application.
Example III
A third embodiment of the present application provides a sensor, including: the beam forming antenna according to the first or second embodiment, and a signal transceiver connected to the beam forming antenna, the signal transceiver being configured to drive the beam forming antenna to emit a probe signal wave, and process an echo electric signal induced by the beam forming antenna from the echo signal wave, so as to output a digital signal obtained by processing the echo electric signal in the direction range; wherein the echo signal wave is formed by reflection of the detection signal wave.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor provided in the present application, as shown in fig. 10, the sensor includes: an antenna device and a signal receiving and transmitting device comprising the beam forming antenna. The beam forming antenna and the signal receiving and transmitting device are directly connected without a power dividing module. For example, the beam forming antenna and the signal transmitting/receiving device are directly connected by a feeder line.
For convenience of description, this embodiment takes a transmitting antenna including a beam forming antenna and a receiving antenna including a beam forming antenna in an antenna device as an example.
The sensor provided by the embodiment of the application can output the digital signal obtained by processing the echo electric signal in the direction range based on the beam forming antenna included in the sensor, and has the same beneficial effects as the beam forming antenna provided by the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
In addition, the signal transceiving device comprises a signal transmitter and a signal receiver. The beam forming antenna and the signal receiving and transmitting device determine the circuit structure according to the surrounding environment measured by the measuring sensor so as to send out detection signal waves and receive echo signal waves in a preset frequency band or fixed frequency.
The signal transmitter is used for transmitting the changed electric signals corresponding to the detection signal waves to the beam forming antenna. Specifically, the signal transmitter processes the reference electric signal provided by the signal source in a frequency modulation/phase modulation manner, and modulates the reference electric signal into a current-variable transmission electric signal in a radio frequency band, so as to output the current-variable transmission electric signal to the beam forming antenna. For example, the signal transmitter modulates the probe electrical signal to radio frequency and feeds the beamformed antenna such that the beamformed antenna produces a fixed or swept probe signal wave in a frequency band such as 60GHz, or 77 GHz. The signal transmitter can generate a detection signal wave with a fixed frequency as a center frequency or a detection signal wave with a frequency sweep with the center frequency and a preset bandwidth. Taking the example that the detection signal wave includes at least one chirp signal, wherein the chirp signal is an electromagnetic wave signal formed based on a chirp period, the signal transmitter performs frequency multiplication processing based on a signal source of the chirp period, and feeds the signal to a beam forming antenna to transmit the detection signal wave including the chirp signal. When the detection signal wave is reflected by the object, an echo signal wave is formed. The beam forming antenna receives the echo signal wave to generate an echo electric signal.
The signal receiver is used for performing demodulation, filtering and other processes on the echo electric signal output by the beam forming antenna by utilizing the detection electric signal for generating the detection signal wave so as to output a baseband digital signal.
In some examples, the sensor further comprises a signal processor.
The signal processor is connected with the signal receiving and transmitting device and is used for extracting measurement information from the baseband digital signal through signal processing and outputting measurement data. The signal processing comprises digital signal processing calculation based on phase, frequency, time domain and the like of at least one path of signals to be processed provided by at least one path of beam forming antenna. The measurement data includes at least one of: distance data representing a relative distance of the detected at least one obstacle; speed data representing a relative speed of the detected at least one obstacle; angle data representing the relative angle of the detected at least one obstacle, etc.
When the same detection signal wave is received by each receiving antenna correspondingly, the signal processor performs FFT processing on the baseband digital signal according to the Doppler sampling point number set by the measurement resolution, so as to obtain measurement data containing distance data and the like.
When the plurality of detection signal waves transmitted by the same transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna correspond to each detection signal wave to receive corresponding echo signal waves, the signal processor carries out signal processing on different distance data obtained by the receiving and transmitting channels formed by the same transmitting antenna and the same receiving antenna at different times so as to output measurement data comprising speed data.
When at least one detection signal wave is transmitted by the same transmitting antenna, each receiving antenna in the plurality of receiving antennas corresponds to each detection signal wave to receive a corresponding echo signal wave and form a corresponding echo electric signal, the signal processor obtains an arrival angle of each distance-speed value by determining a virtual receiving and transmitting channel corresponding to the distance-speed value containing the distance-Doppler index, and thus, measurement data containing the distance, the speed and the angle are output.
Example IV
A fourth embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: the sensor of embodiment three; a processor coupled to the sensor; and a memory coupled to the processor.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present application, and as shown in fig. 11, the electronic device includes a processor 110, a memory 120, and a sensor 130; the number of processors 110 in the electronic device may be one or more, one processor 110 being taken as an example in fig. 11; the processor 110, memory 120, and sensor 130 in the electronic device may be connected by a bus or other means, for example in fig. 11.
The processor 110 may include one or more central processing units (central processing unit, CPU) and may also include a plurality of processors 110. Each of these processors 110 may be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). The processor 110 herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).
The memory 120 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, at least one application program required for functions; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, etc. In addition, memory 120 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some examples, memory 120 may further include memory located remotely from processor 110, which may be connected to the electronic device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
The sensor 130 may output a digital signal obtained by processing the echo electric signal in a range of directions; wherein the echo signal wave is formed by reflecting the detection signal wave.
The sensor 130 included in the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application may output a digital signal obtained by processing an echo electric signal in a direction range based on a beamforming antenna included in the sensor, which has the same beneficial effects as the beamforming antenna provided in each example described above.
In an alternative embodiment, the electronic device body may be a component and a product applied to fields such as smart home, transportation, smart home, consumer electronics, monitoring, industrial automation, in-cabin detection, health care, and the like. For example, the device body may be an intelligent transportation device (such as an automobile, a bicycle, a motorcycle, a ship, a subway, a train, etc.), a security device (such as a camera), a liquid level/flow rate detection device, an intelligent wearing device (such as a bracelet, glasses, etc.), an intelligent home device (such as a sweeping robot, a door lock, a television, an air conditioner, an intelligent lamp, etc.), various communication devices (such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc.), etc., a barrier gate, an intelligent traffic indicator, an intelligent indicator, a traffic camera, various industrial mechanical arms (or robots), etc., and may also be various instruments for detecting vital sign parameters and various devices carrying the instruments, such as an in-car detection, an indoor personnel monitoring, an intelligent medical device, a consumer electronic device, etc.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and the technical principle applied. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of numerous obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, while the present application has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, but may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. A beamforming antenna, comprising:
beam forming branch node groups;
an array antenna branch group; and
a first feed structure connecting the beam forming branch set and the array antenna branch set;
the beam forming branch knot group comprises a first preset number of beam forming branch knots; the array antenna branch group comprises a second preset number of array antenna branches; the length of the beam forming branch is greater than that of the array antenna branch; the length of the first feed structure is determined in accordance with a preset phase difference between the beam-imparting branch and the array antenna branch.
2. The beamforming antenna according to claim 1, wherein a pitch distance between adjacent ones of the beamforming branches is determined in accordance with a feed position of each of the beamforming branches maintaining a co-current.
3. The beamforming antenna of claim 1, wherein,
the phase deviation corresponding to the first feed structure, the first preset number of the beam forming branches and the second preset number of the array antenna branches are determined according to the composite current distribution required by the beam forming antenna;
the synthesized current distribution is used for reflecting the radiation angle range and the radiation gain of the beam forming antenna.
4. The beamforming antenna according to claim 1, wherein the beamforming branch set is arranged at a head side and/or a tail side of the array antenna branch set.
5. The beamforming antenna of claim 1, wherein,
the width of each beam forming branch is the same or meets Chebyshev distribution, and/or
The width of each array antenna branch is the same or meets Chebyshev distribution.
6. The beamforming antenna according to claim 1, further comprising:
A second feed structure and a third feed structure;
the second feed structure is connected to one end of the first feed structure and is used for connecting each beam forming branch and feeding power to each beam forming branch; and
the third feed structure is connected to the other end of the first feed structure, and is used for connecting each array antenna branch and feeding power to each array antenna branch.
7. The beam forming antenna of claim 6, wherein each beam forming branch is staggered on both sides of the second feed structure; and/or
Each array antenna branch is arranged on two sides of the third feed structure in a staggered mode.
8. The beamforming antenna according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the length of the beamforming stub is determined based on the guided wave wavelength of the beamforming stub in the medium.
9. The beamforming antenna of any of claims 1-7, wherein a length of the array antenna stub is determined based on half a guided wave wavelength of the array antenna stub in a medium.
10. A sensor, comprising:
The beam forming antenna according to any of claims 1-9, and
the signal receiving and transmitting device is connected with the beam forming antenna and is used for driving the beam forming antenna to transmit detection signal waves and receiving echo signal waves formed by reflection and/or scattering of the detection signal waves by a target;
the signal transceiver is further configured to process an echo electric signal formed by the beamforming antenna through sensing the echo signal wave, so as to output a baseband digital signal obtained by processing the echo electric signal.
11. An electronic device, comprising:
the sensor of claim 10;
a processor coupled to the sensor; and
and a memory coupled to the processor.
CN202111672531.1A 2021-12-28 2021-12-31 Beam forming antenna, sensor and electronic equipment Pending CN116365257A (en)

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CN2021116307626 2021-12-28

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