CN116359617A - Lightning positioning method and system based on mixed base line - Google Patents
Lightning positioning method and system based on mixed base line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning detection, in particular relates to a lightning positioning method and a lightning positioning system based on a mixed baseline, and aims to solve the problem that the prior art cannot fuse short baseline and long baseline lightning detection data, so that the mixed baseline lightning positioning cannot be realized. The invention comprises the following steps: the long baseline electromagnetic pulse detection equipment and the short baseline electromagnetic pulse detection equipment collect, mark and compress lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform data in real time, and transmit the compressed lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform data to a data processing center station in real time; decompressing and screening lightning electromagnetic pulse waveforms by the data processing center station, and calculating the accurate time of a signal reaching each detection device; the data processing center calculates the location of the lightning event using a time-difference positioning algorithm. The lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system can remarkably improve the detection range, efficiency and positioning precision of the existing lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system, is suitable for detecting lightning events in low-cost and large-area areas, and is particularly suitable for accurately detecting thunderstorm activities in open sea areas in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning detection, and particularly relates to a lightning positioning method and system based on a mixed base line.
Background
The high-precision foundation lightning detection system is composed of at least four lightning electromagnetic pulse detection devices and a data processing central station. The detection equipment transmits the detected electromagnetic pulse data to the data processing center through the Internet, and the data processing center performs positioning calculation of the lightning electromagnetic pulse source. Short baseline (100-300 km) positioning systems and long baseline (> 1000 km) lightning detection systems are divided according to the spatial distance between the detection devices.
The short base line lightning detection system works in very low frequency and low frequency bands, and mainly detects ground wave signals generated by lightning radiation, the detection range of a single station is 300-500 km, the average positioning error of lightning events in a network is less than 300 meters, and a large amount of detection equipment is needed to be used for real-time monitoring of the lightning events in a large area.
The long-baseline lightning detection system works in a very low frequency band, can detect ground wave and sky wave signals generated by lightning radiation at the same time, has a detection range of more than 3000 km, has an average positioning error of 5-10 km for lightning events in a network, and can meet the real-time monitoring of the lightning events in a large area by using less detection equipment.
At present, the short baseline lightning detection system and the long baseline lightning detection system are operated independently, so that development of a new lightning detection technology is needed in the field, fusion of short baseline lightning detection data and long baseline lightning detection data is achieved, and a hybrid baseline very low frequency/low stroboscopic electrical detection network is formed, so that complementary advantages are achieved, and the quality of lightning detection data is comprehensively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, the prior art cannot fuse the short baseline lightning detection data with the long baseline lightning detection data, so that the hybrid baseline lightning positioning cannot be realized, the invention provides a lightning positioning method based on hybrid baselines, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation are monitored in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
step S20, the detection equipment records the original waveform data of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value, and marks the triggering time of the original waveform data;
s30, carrying out coding compression on the marked original waveform data, sending the compressed data to a data processing center, and carrying out fusion positioning calculation on the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after the data processing center carries out data decoding;
step S40, the data processing center outputs the location information of the mixed baseline lightning event.
In some preferred embodiments, the raw waveform data is obtained by:
converting an electromagnetic pulse signal induced by an antenna end of the detection equipment into a digital signal through an analog/digital conversion circuit;
and forming the converted signals into a data file according to a set format to obtain the original waveform data.
In some preferred embodiments, the triggering time of the original waveform data is marked by the following method:
acquiring real-time high-precision time through a satellite navigation time service system;
and performing triggering time marking of corresponding original waveform data based on the real-time high-precision time.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of encoding and compressing the marked raw waveform data and the data processing center for data decoding in step S30 is as follows:
A＝XD T
X′＝AD
wherein x= { X 1 ,x 2 ,…,x n -representing the original waveform data, n being the number of sampling points of the original waveform data, D being the feature vector of dimension k, D T Is the transposed matrix of the feature vector D,a is the waveform data after encoding compression, and X' is the similar data of the original waveform data X obtained after decoding the waveform data A after encoding compression based on the feature vector D.
In some preferred embodiments, the feature vector D is calculated by:
acquiring a data set X composed of m pieces of original waveform data X m Respectively performing decentering on each original waveform data X to obtain decentered data
Structured de-centralised data set
Based on de-centralised data
Corresponding transpose matrix->
Calculation matrix->
Is = { lambda% 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n Sum of the corresponding eigenvectors σ= { σ 1 ,σ 2 ,…,σ n -a }; wherein, the eigenvalue vector sigma corresponds to the elements of the eigenvalue lambda one by one;
the eigenvalue λ= { λ 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n And the feature vectors corresponding to the k largest feature values are selected according to the sequence from big to small to form a feature vector D.
In some preferred embodiments, the fused location calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data is performed by:
step S31, up-sampling of electromagnetic pulse waveform data decoded by a data center is carried out, so that the sampling rate and the data dimension of short baseline detection data and long baseline detection data are consistent;
step S32, calculating the sequence correlation of the up-sampled data, and screening electromagnetic pulse waveform data with the sequence correlation larger than a set threshold value to form a homologous lightning event waveform sequence;
step S33, calculating the time of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data reaching each detection device through a time sliding window sequence reaching time extraction method based on the homologous lightning event waveform sequence;
step S34, solving the location information of the lightning event based on the time when the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at each detection device.
In some preferred embodiments, the time of arrival of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data at each detection device is calculated by a time sliding window sequence arrival time extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
step S331, data arrangement is performed according to the sequence of the marking time of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data, and a homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S ] composed of n electromagnetic pulse waveform data is obtained 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n The dimension l of each electromagnetic pulse waveform data is 1000;
step S332, selecting the electromagnetic pulse waveform data S with earliest marking time 1 As a reference control, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Time t corresponding to the pulse peak of (2) S1 As a reference time, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Extended to S 1 ′：
S 1 ′＝{M,S 1 ,M}
Wherein M is dimension and S 1 All 0 arrays with consistent dimensions;
step S333, sequentially calculating S 1 ′[a:l+a]And S is equal to 2 Is the correlation coefficient c of (2) a ，[a:l+a]Representation selection S 1 Continuous data W of length l from a' th, a.epsilon.1, 2l]A correlation queue c= { C with dimension of 2l is obtained 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a }；
Step S334, calculating the related queue c= { C 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a Index value C corresponding to maximum value of } imax And based on the index value C imax Calculation of electromagnetic pulsePunching waveform data S 2 Time of arrival t of (2) S2 ；
Step S335, traversing the homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S } by the method corresponding to step S332-step S334 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n Each of the data, the time at which the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at the respective detection device is obtained.
In some preferred embodiments, step S34 includes:
step S341, assuming that the lightning electromagnetic pulse signal propagates uniformly along the sphere, calculating the two-dimensional position L (x, y) of the lightning event on the sphere and the analytic distance of the lightning event relative to the first detection device participating in positioning by using the signal arrival time difference positioning calculation method
Wherein x is spherical longitude and y is spherical latitude;
step S342, position S of first detection device participating in positioning 1 (x, y) as a reference, calculate L (x, y) and S 1 Actual geographic distance between (x, y) two points
Step S343, resolving distance
Actual geographical distance->
Lightning event height H L Constructing a triangular relationship, calculating the lightning event height H L Location information of the lightning event is obtained.
In some preferred embodiments, the lightning event height H L The calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, analyze the distance
Is the hypotenuse of the triangle in the triangular relationship of the construction.
In another aspect of the invention, a lightning location system based on a hybrid baseline is presented, the system comprising:
a signal acquisition module configured to monitor electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
the signal marking module is configured to detect the original waveform data record of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value by the equipment and mark the triggering time of the original waveform data;
the positioning module is configured to encode and compress the marked original waveform data, and send the encoded and compressed data to the data processing center, and the data processing center performs fusion positioning calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after data decoding;
and the output module is configured to output the position information of the mixed baseline lightning event through the data processing center.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the lightning positioning method based on the mixed base line, the lightning electromagnetic pulse waveform data recorded by the detection equipment are used, the lightning detection data of different base lines and different frequency bands can be fused, the lightning positioning of the mixed base line is realized, the advantages are complementary, the detection efficiency and the positioning accuracy of a lightning event are improved, the detection range is enlarged, and particularly the thunderstorm activity detection efficiency and the positioning accuracy of a far-sea area are enhanced.
(2) According to the lightning positioning method based on the mixed base line, a compression/decompression algorithm based on signal principal component analysis is used, so that real-time, efficient and high-speed transmission of electromagnetic pulse signals is realized, and timeliness of data calculation is guaranteed.
(3) According to the lightning positioning method based on the mixed base line, the electromagnetic pulse waveform data acquired by the mixed base line lightning detection system is used for calculating the arrival time of the time sliding window sequence, so that the accuracy and the reliability of calculation are ensured, the influence of non-homologous pulse signals such as noise on positioning calculation is reduced, and the positioning precision is improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a hybrid baseline based lightning location method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is long baseline and short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection waveform data for one embodiment of a hybrid baseline based lightning location method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a lightning electromagnetic pulse compression-transmission-decompression flow chart of one embodiment of a lightning location method based on a hybrid baseline of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a lightning electromagnetic pulse raw waveform versus a decompressed waveform for one embodiment of a hybrid baseline based lightning location method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for extracting arrival time of a time sliding window sequence according to an embodiment of a lightning location method based on a hybrid baseline of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition and signal acquisition and data transmission of the lightning location system based on hybrid baselines of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lightning event height calculation method according to one embodiment of the hybrid baseline based lightning location method of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation result of the positioning accuracy of a short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system of one embodiment of a lightning positioning method based on a hybrid baseline of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulation result of the positioning accuracy of a hybrid baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system according to one embodiment of the hybrid baseline-based lightning positioning method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The lightning positioning method based on the mixed base line needs to solve the following problems:
(1) Fusion of lightning electromagnetic pulse detection data in different modes;
(2) Identifying and screening homologous lightning electromagnetic pulse signals from a large number of interference noise signals;
(3) The location of the occurrence of the lightning event is detected using the fused data.
On the basis of solving the problems, the lightning detection method disclosed by the invention fuses the short baseline very low frequency/low stroboscopic electromagnetic pulse detection waveform data and the long baseline very low stroboscopic electromagnetic pulse detection waveform data to form the mixed baseline lightning detection, realizes the combination of the long baseline detection and the short baseline detection, has complementary advantages, comprehensively improves the detection efficiency, the range and the positioning accuracy of lightning events, and is particularly suitable for developing the lightning detection in open sea areas.
The invention discloses a lightning positioning method based on a mixed baseline, which comprises the following steps:
step S10, electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation are monitored in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
step S20, the detection equipment records the original waveform data of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value, and marks the triggering time of the original waveform data;
s30, carrying out coding compression on the marked original waveform data, sending the compressed data to a data processing center, and carrying out fusion positioning calculation on the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after the data processing center carries out data decoding;
step S40, the data processing center outputs the location information of the mixed baseline lightning event.
In order to more clearly describe the lightning locating method based on the mixed base line of the present invention, each step in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1.
The lightning positioning method based on the mixed baseline of the first embodiment of the invention comprises the steps S10-S50, and each step is described in detail as follows:
and step S10, monitoring electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device.
In one embodiment of the invention, the baseline distance of the short baseline lightning detection equipment is 100-150km, a magnetic field signal and an electric field signal are respectively received by using an orthogonal magnetic loop antenna and a flat electric field antenna, the working frequency band is 3-400 kHz, and the signal sampling rate is 1MSPS; the long baseline lightning detection equipment has a baseline distance of about 1000km, receives an electric field signal by using an electric field whip antenna, and has a working frequency band of 3-30 kHz and a signal sampling rate of 500KSPS.
In step S20, the detecting device records the original waveform data of the electromagnetic pulse signal with intensity exceeding the set threshold, and marks the trigger time of the original waveform data.
The original waveform data is obtained by the following steps:
converting an electromagnetic pulse signal induced by an antenna end of the detection equipment into a digital signal through an analog/digital conversion circuit;
and forming the converted signals into a data file according to a set format to obtain the original waveform data.
The detection equipment uses an analog/digital conversion circuit to convert an electromagnetic pulse analog signal into a digital signal in real time, compares the digital signal with a set threshold value, and triggers one sampling when the acquired signal amplitude exceeds the set threshold value, wherein the detection equipment records data in a certain time before and after triggering.
In one embodiment of the invention, in one sampling process, a short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device records 120 sampling points before triggering, 880 sampling points after triggering, and 1000 sampling points are formed; the long baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection equipment records 60 sampling points before triggering and 440 sampling points after triggering to form 500 sampling points, and primary electromagnetic pulse waveform data recorded by the long baseline and short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection equipment is shown in figure 2. Although the sampling point number of the long-baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device is half of that of the short baseline, the sampling rate of the long-baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device is half of that of the short baseline, so that one-time sampling is realized, and the sampling time lengths of the two sets of devices are consistent and are both one millisecond.
The triggering time of the original waveform data is marked by the following steps:
acquiring real-time high-precision time through a satellite navigation time service system;
and performing triggering time marking of corresponding original waveform data based on the real-time high-precision time.
In one embodiment of the invention, under the outdoor open environment, the satellite navigation time service system provides accurate pulse per second signals, the clock synchronization error is better than 100 nanoseconds, the detection equipment takes the pulse per second signals as reference clock signals, and in each reference clock period, local 10MHz high-frequency clock is utilized for counting, so that the lightning electromagnetic pulse signal triggering time with the accuracy better than 100 nanoseconds is obtained.
And step S30, carrying out coding compression on the marked original waveform data, sending the compressed data to a data processing center, and carrying out fusion positioning calculation on the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after the data processing center carries out data decoding.
It is counted that on average over 100 lightning events per second occur worldwide, radiating a large number of electromagnetic pulse signals that can travel tens of thousands of kilometers away in the earth-ionosphere waveguide. Therefore, the lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device can collect a large number of pulse signals, and the signals need to be transmitted and converged to a data processing center station in real time through a network for unified analysis and processing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the original waveform acquired by the detection equipment is compressed, the compressed data is transmitted to the data processing center station, the data processing center station decompresses the data, the rapid data transmission is realized, and the data compression and transmission processes are shown in fig. 3.
The electromagnetic pulse waveform compression method is based on signal principal component analysis, and is used for carrying out lossy compression on original signals, so that a large number of electromagnetic pulse signals can be rapidly and efficiently transmitted, and subsequent data processing and positioning calculation are not affected. The analysis and calculation process of the main component of the signal involves data compression (encoding) and data decompression (decoding) of the signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
assume that the original electromagnetic pulse waveform X has n sampling points { X } 1 ,x 2 ,…,x n A feature vector D, k with a dimension of k<n satisfies the relationship of formula (1):
X′～XD T D(1)
wherein X' is data similar to X, D T Is the transpose of the feature vector D.
The detection equipment encodes the original electromagnetic pulse waveform X to obtain an encoded waveform A, wherein the encoded waveform A is shown in a formula (2):
A＝XD T (2)
wherein the dimension of A is k.
The data processing center decodes the encoded waveform A to obtain data X' similar to X, as shown in the formula (3):
X′＝AD (3)
wherein the dimension of X' is n.
Based on the above relation, the same feature vector D is stored in the lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device and the data processing center, and the original electromagnetic pulse waveform is compressed as the dimension of the encoded waveform A is smaller than that of the original electromagnetic pulse waveform.
The feature vector D is calculated by the following steps:
step A1, obtaining a data set X formed by m pieces of original waveform data X m Respectively performing decentering on each original waveform data X to obtain decentered data
Structured de-centralized data set +.>
On the premise of meeting the requirement of the running memory of the computer, m should be as large as possible to ensure the diversity of data
Step A2, based on the decentralised data
Corresponding transpose matrix->
Calculation matrix->
Is = { lambda% 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n Sum of the corresponding eigenvectors σ= { σ 1 ,σ 2 ,…,σ n The eigenvalue vector sigma corresponds one-to-one with the elements of the eigenvalue lambda.
The original electromagnetic pulse waveform X is decentered, i.e. each bit feature minus the respective mean value X mean Obtaining the data after the decentralization
Step A3, the eigenvalue λ= { λ 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n The characteristic vectors corresponding to the k largest characteristic values are selected according to the sequence from big to small to form a characteristic vector D, and the characteristic vector D is shown as the formula (4):
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the feature vector corresponding to the largest feature value, and so on, ++>
Is the eigenvector corresponding to the kth larger eigenvalue.
In one embodiment of the invention, since the dimensions of the long baseline electromagnetic pulse detection data are inconsistent with those of the short baseline detection data, the histories of the two sets of detection systems are compared according to steps A1-A3The data are counted to respectively obtain characteristic vectors D of long baseline electromagnetic pulse detection data l Short baseline electromagnetic pulse detection data feature vector D s 。
In combination with the dimensions of the original electromagnetic pulse data, in one embodiment of the invention, feature vector D l Is (40 x 500), feature vector D s Is (90 x 1000).
In this embodiment, in order to ensure real-time transmission of data, user Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used to transmit data, a data processing center is used as a server, and a detection device is a client.
By using the method described in formula (3), the electromagnetic pulse waveform data is decompressed, and fig. 4 shows the original data and the decompressed electromagnetic pulse waveform data respectively, so that the decompressed data and the original data have great similarity, and the effective restoration of the original data is realized.
The fusion positioning calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data comprises the following steps:
step S31, up-sampling of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data decoded by the data center is performed, so that the sampling rate and the data dimension of the short baseline detection data and the long baseline detection data are consistent. This process achieves a preliminary fusion of short baseline and long baseline probe data.
Step S32, calculating the sequence correlation of the up-sampled data, and screening electromagnetic pulse waveform data with the sequence correlation larger than a set threshold value to form a homologous lightning event waveform sequence.
The influence of noise signals on the positioning of lightning events is reduced, and the correlation between short base lines and long base line detection data is enhanced.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic pulse time difference positioning algorithm needs the data of at least four detection devices, so if the screened homologous lightning event waveform data is less than four, the subsequent steps cannot be performed, and the data needs to be returned to the real-time detection step.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic pulse data up-sampling uses a signal equidistant linear interpolation method to increase the sampling rate of the detection data. Because the working frequency band of the short baseline lightning detection system is higher than that of the long baseline lightning detection system, the sampling rate of the short baseline lightning detection device is doubled as compared with that of the long baseline lightning detection device, and therefore, only the long baseline lightning detection data is required to be up-sampled, and the sampling rates of the short baseline and the long baseline lightning detection device are consistent and are 1MSPS.
Step S33, calculating the time of arrival of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data at each detection device by a time sliding window sequence arrival time extraction method based on the homologous lightning event waveform sequence, as shown in fig. 5, including:
step S331, data arrangement is performed according to the sequence of the marking time of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data, and a homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S ] composed of n electromagnetic pulse waveform data is obtained 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n The dimension l of each electromagnetic pulse waveform data is 1000;
step S332, selecting the electromagnetic pulse waveform data S with earliest marking time 1 As a reference control, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Time t corresponding to the pulse peak of (2) S1 As a reference time, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Extended to S 1 ' as shown in formula (5):
S 1 ′＝{M,S 1 ,M} (5)
wherein M is dimension and S 1 All 0 arrays of uniform dimensions, i.e. S 1 The data dimension of' is 3l.
Step S333, sequentially calculating S 1 ′[a:l+a]And S is equal to 2 Is the correlation coefficient c of (2) a ，[a:l+a]Representation selection S 1 Continuous data W of length l from a' th, a.epsilon.1, 2l]A correlation queue c= { C with dimension of 2l is obtained 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a }。
Correlation coefficient c a The calculation method of (2) is shown in the formula (6):
wherein W is i Represents the i-th value of the continuous data W,
representing the mean value of the continuous data W, S 2,i Representing electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 2 I-th value of>
Representing electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 2 Is a mean value of (c).
Step S334, calculating the related queue c= { C 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a Index value C corresponding to maximum value of } imax And based on the index value C imax Calculating electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 2 Time of arrival t of (2) S2 As shown in formula (7):
wherein f s Is the sampling rate of the signal.
Step S335, traversing the homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S } by the method corresponding to step S332-step S334 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n Each of the data, the time at which the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at the respective detection device is obtained.
As shown in fig. 6, a hybrid baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system is a component mode, which includes four short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection devices and one long baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection device, and the detection devices transmit and collect collected data to a data processing central station through a network. It should be emphasized that the system composition of the hybrid baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system includes, but is not limited to, the system composition shown in fig. 6, and the lightning locating method of the present invention is applicable to a hybrid baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system formed by any baseline length, any type and number of detection devices.
The lightning location relates to the two-dimensional location (longitude, latitude) and the three-dimensional location (longitude, latitude, altitude) of the lightning. When the detected lightning event occurs in the mixed baseline lightning detection system, the height information of the lightning event can be calculated to obtain the three-dimensional position of the lightning due to small positioning error; when the detected lightning event occurs outside the hybrid baseline lightning detection system, only the two-dimensional position of the lightning is calculated due to the large positioning error.
Step S34, based on the time when the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at each detection device, solves the location information of the lightning event, as shown in fig. 7, including:
step S341, assuming that the lightning electromagnetic pulse signal propagates uniformly along the sphere, calculating the two-dimensional position L (x, y) of the lightning event on the sphere and the analytic distance of the lightning event relative to the first detection device participating in positioning by using the signal arrival time difference positioning calculation method
Wherein x is spherical longitude and y is spherical latitude;
step S342, position S of first detection device participating in positioning 1 (x, y) as a reference, calculate L (x, y) and S 1 Actual geographic distance between (x, y) two points
Step S343, resolving distance
Actual geographical distance->
Lightning event height H L Constructing a triangular relationship, calculating the lightning event height H L Location information of the lightning event is obtained.
Lightning event height H L The calculation method is as shown in formula (8):
wherein, analyze the distance
Is the hypotenuse of the triangle in the triangular relationship of the construction.
Step S40, the data processing center outputs the location information of the mixed baseline lightning event.
Fig. 8 is a simulation result of positioning accuracy by using a short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system alone, wherein a region with higher positioning accuracy is concentrated in a network formed by detection equipment, and positioning errors are increased rapidly along with the expansion of a detection range.
According to the method, a long baseline detection device is added on the basis of a short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system to form a mixed baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection system. The mixed baseline lightning detection system is subjected to positioning precision simulation, the simulation result is shown in fig. 9, a long baseline detection device is added, the detection precision outside the network of the short baseline detection system is obviously improved, and on the other hand, the invention also proves that the detection range is effectively enlarged.
Although the steps are described in the above-described sequential order in the above-described embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in order to achieve the effects of the present embodiments, the steps need not be performed in such order, and may be performed simultaneously (in parallel) or in reverse order, and such simple variations are within the scope of the present invention.
A second embodiment of the invention provides a hybrid baseline based lightning location system, the system comprising:
a signal acquisition module configured to monitor electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
the signal marking module is configured to detect the original waveform data record of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value by the equipment and mark the triggering time of the original waveform data;
the positioning module is configured to encode and compress the marked original waveform data, and send the encoded and compressed data to the data processing center, and the data processing center performs fusion positioning calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after data decoding;
and the output module is configured to output the position information of the mixed baseline lightning event through the data processing center.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system described above and the related description may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated here.
It should be noted that, in the lightning positioning system based on the hybrid baseline provided in the foregoing embodiment, only the division of the foregoing functional modules is illustrated, in practical application, the foregoing functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the modules or steps in the foregoing embodiment of the present invention are further decomposed or combined, for example, the modules in the foregoing embodiment may be combined into one module, or may be further decomposed into a plurality of sub-modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps related to the embodiments of the present invention are merely for distinguishing the respective modules or steps, and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present invention.
An electronic device of a third embodiment of the present invention includes:
at least one processor;
and a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors;
wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the hybrid baseline based lightning location method described above.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the hybrid baseline based lightning location method described above.
A hybrid baseline very low frequency/low frequency strobe electrical detection apparatus of a fifth embodiment of the present invention comprises:
the short baseline very low frequency/low stroboscopic electromagnetic pulse signal detection equipment is used for receiving, processing, compressing and transmitting lightning electromagnetic pulse ground wave signals in real time;
the long-baseline very-low stroboscopic electromagnetic pulse signal detection equipment is used for receiving, processing, compressing and transmitting lightning electromagnetic pulse ground wave and sky wave signals in real time;
the electromagnetic pulse data processing center station is used for receiving, decompressing and downsampling the data returned by the short-baseline and long-baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection equipment in real time, and screening and positioning and calculating homologous events of the data;
and the display terminal is used for displaying the running states of the short baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection equipment, the long baseline lightning electromagnetic pulse detection equipment and the electromagnetic pulse data processing center station in real time.
It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the storage device and the processing device described above and the related description may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not repeated herein.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative modules, method steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the program(s) corresponding to the software modules, method steps, may be embodied in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as electronic hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality using different approaches for each particular application, but such implementation is not intended to be limiting.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lightning location method based on a hybrid baseline, the method comprising:
step S10, electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation are monitored in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
step S20, the detection equipment records the original waveform data of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value, and marks the triggering time of the original waveform data;
s30, carrying out coding compression on the marked original waveform data, sending the compressed data to a data processing center, and carrying out fusion positioning calculation on the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after the data processing center carries out data decoding;
step S40, the data processing center outputs the location information of the mixed baseline lightning event.
2. The lightning location method based on mixed baselines according to claim 1, wherein the raw waveform data is obtained by:
converting an electromagnetic pulse signal induced by an antenna end of the detection equipment into a digital signal through an analog/digital conversion circuit;
and forming the converted signals into a data file according to a set format to obtain the original waveform data.
3. The lightning location method based on mixed baselines according to claim 1, wherein the triggering time of the original waveform data is marked by the following method:
acquiring real-time high-precision time through a satellite navigation time service system;
and performing triggering time marking of corresponding original waveform data based on the real-time high-precision time.
4. The lightning locating method based on mixed base line according to claim 1, wherein in step S30, the marked original waveform data is encoded and compressed, and the data processing center performs data decoding, the method comprises:
A＝XD T
X ′ ＝AD
wherein x= { X 1 ,x 2 ,…,x n -representing the original waveform data, n being the number of sampling points of the original waveform data, D being the feature vector of dimension k, D T Is the transposed matrix of the feature vector D, A is the waveform data after encoding compression, X ′ Is similar data to the original waveform data X obtained after decoding of the waveform data a after encoding compression based on the feature vector D.
5. The lightning location method based on mixed baselines according to claim 1, wherein the feature vector D is calculated by the following method:
acquiring a data set X composed of m pieces of original waveform data X m Respectively performing decentering on each original waveform data X to obtain decentered data
Structured de-centralized data set +.>
Based on de-centralised data
Corresponding transpose matrix->
Calculation matrix->
Is = { lambda% 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n Sum of the corresponding eigenvectors σ= { σ 1 ,σ 2 ,…,σ n -a }; wherein, the eigenvalue vector sigma corresponds to the elements of the eigenvalue lambda one by one;
the eigenvalue λ= { λ 1 ,λ 2 ,…,λ n And the feature vectors corresponding to the k largest feature values are selected according to the sequence from big to small to form a feature vector D.
6. The lightning location method based on mixed baselines according to claim 1, wherein the fused location calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data comprises the following steps:
step S31, up-sampling of electromagnetic pulse waveform data decoded by a data center is carried out, so that the sampling rate and the data dimension of short baseline detection data and long baseline detection data are consistent;
step S32, calculating the sequence correlation of the up-sampled data, and screening electromagnetic pulse waveform data with the sequence correlation larger than a set threshold value to form a homologous lightning event waveform sequence;
step S33, calculating the time of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data reaching each detection device through a time sliding window sequence reaching time extraction method based on the homologous lightning event waveform sequence;
step S34, solving the location information of the lightning event based on the time when the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at each detection device.
7. The lightning location method based on mixed base line according to claim 6, wherein the time of arrival of electromagnetic pulse waveform data to each detection device is calculated by a time-sliding window sequence arrival time extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
step S331, data arrangement is performed according to the sequence of the marking time of the electromagnetic pulse waveform data, and a homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S ] composed of n electromagnetic pulse waveform data is obtained 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n The dimension l of each electromagnetic pulse waveform data is 1000;
step S332, selecting the electromagnetic pulse waveform data S with earliest marking time 1 As a reference control, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Time t corresponding to the pulse peak of (2) S1 As a reference time, electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 1 Extended to S 1 ′ ：
S 1 ′ ＝{M,S 1 ,M}
Wherein M is dimension and S 1 All 0 arrays with consistent dimensions;
step S333, sequentially calculating S 1 ′ [a:l+a]And S is equal to 2 Is the correlation coefficient c of (2) a ，[a:l+a]Representation selection S 1 ′ In the sequence data W of length l from a, a epsilon [1,2 l)]A correlation queue c= { C with dimension of 2l is obtained 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a }；
Step S334, calculating the related queue c= { C 1 ,c 2 ,…,c a Index value C corresponding to maximum value of } imax And based on the index value C imax Calculating electromagnetic pulse waveform data S 2 Time of arrival t of (2) S2 ；
Step S335, traversing the homologous lightning event waveform sequence { S } by the method corresponding to step S332-step S334 1 ,S 2 ,…,S n Each of the data, the time at which the electromagnetic pulse waveform data arrives at the respective detection device is obtained.
8. The hybrid baseline based lightning location method of claim 6, wherein step S34 comprises:
step S341, assuming that the lightning electromagnetic pulse signal propagates uniformly along the sphere, calculating the two-dimensional position L (x, y) of the lightning event on the sphere and the analytic distance of the lightning event relative to the first detection device participating in positioning by using the signal arrival time difference positioning calculation method
Wherein x is spherical longitude and y is spherical latitude;
step S342, position S of first detection device participating in positioning 1 (x, y) as a reference, calculate L (x, y) and S 1 Actual geographic distance between (x, y) two points
Step S343, resolving distance
Actual geographical distance->
Lightning event height H L Constructing a triangular relationship, calculating the lightning event height H L Location information of the lightning event is obtained.
9. The hybrid baseline based lightning location method of claim 8, wherein the lightning event height H L The calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, analyze the distance
Is the hypotenuse of the triangle in the triangular relationship of the construction.
10. A hybrid baseline based lightning location system, the system comprising:
a signal acquisition module configured to monitor electromagnetic pulse signals of lightning radiation in real time through a short baseline lightning detection device and a long baseline lightning detection device;
the signal marking module is configured to detect the original waveform data record of the electromagnetic pulse signal with the intensity exceeding a set threshold value by the equipment and mark the triggering time of the original waveform data;
the positioning module is configured to encode and compress the marked original waveform data, and send the encoded and compressed data to the data processing center, and the data processing center performs fusion positioning calculation of the short baseline lightning detection data and the long baseline detection data after data decoding;
and the output module is configured to output the position information of the mixed baseline lightning event through the data processing center.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116577568A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-11 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Lightning positioning method and device based on hash value characteristics |
| CN116990596A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-03 | 南京气象科技创新研究院 | Lightning positioning detection system and method based on offshore platform |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116577568A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-11 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Lightning positioning method and device based on hash value characteristics |
| CN116577568B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-27 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Lightning positioning method and device based on hash value characteristics |
| CN116990596A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-11-03 | 南京气象科技创新研究院 | Lightning positioning detection system and method based on offshore platform |
| CN116990596B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-01 | 南京气象科技创新研究院 | Lightning positioning detection system and method based on offshore platform |
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