CN116359429A - Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor - Google Patents

Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116359429A
CN116359429A CN202310365704.8A CN202310365704A CN116359429A CN 116359429 A CN116359429 A CN 116359429A CN 202310365704 A CN202310365704 A CN 202310365704A CN 116359429 A CN116359429 A CN 116359429A
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China
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titration
micro
singlechip
burette
automatic
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Inventor
龙倩
孟庆华
杨丞
郭雨琦
刘茂臻
徐小琳
康映秋
朱子璇
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Jiangsu Normal University
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Jiangsu Normal University
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Priority to CN202310365704.8A priority Critical patent/CN116359429A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
    • G01N31/18—Burettes specially adapted for titration

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on a photoelectric sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a titration system, a micro-current amplifying circuit, a micro-ammeter, a detection and control circuit, an electromagnetic stirring system, a power supply circuit and a boosting module; the invention also relates to a titration method of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on the photoelectric sensor. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: a reflective photoelectric sensor is additionally arranged on the micro-ammeter panel to detect the offset rule of the ammeter pointer, and the titration process is controlled by a detection and control circuit to judge the titration end point; the automatic titration process under the condition that the current returns to the zero point from a non-zero value and remains unchanged in the process that the depolarization of two platinum electrodes is changed into polarization in the perpetual titration process can be realized; the automatic titration process from polarization to depolarization of the two platinum electrodes in the perpetual titration process can be realized; the application range of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus is expanded; the method is suitable for detecting medicines and chemical products according to a permanent titration method.

Description

Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine inspection instruments, and particularly relates to an automatic perpetual titration apparatus and a titration method based on a photoelectric sensor.
Background
The perpetual titration method is to insert two identical platinum electrodes into a sample solution to form an electrolytic cell, apply a low voltage between the electrodes, and if the electrodes are polarized in the solution, little or no current passes through the circuit when the titration process does not reach the end point yet; when the titration reaches the end point, if the titration liquid is slightly excessive, the electrode changes from polarization to depolarization, and current flows through the solution, so that the ammeter pointer can suddenly deflect and cannot return to the initial position; conversely, if the electrode changes from depolarization to polarization, the ammeter pointer deflects back to zero from there and does not change; from this, the titration endpoint can be determined.
In the content analysis of the drug, a perpetual titration method is generally selected to select and check the color gamut of the indicator or diazotization perpetual titration, determine the titration endpoint, and further obtain the content of the drug. The electrolytic current is weak in the diazotization permanent stop titration process, and 10 is needed -9 A/grid high sensitivity ammeter; although a conventional microcurrent pointer type 10 -9 The A/grid high-sensitivity ammeter has wide application range, but has poor mechanical stability, slight external interference during operation can cause pointer deflection and continuous swing, difficulty is brought to terminal judgment, the cost is high, the damage is easy, the titration process is required to be controlled manually, and the operation is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has low working efficiency.
To solve the above problems, many analytical workers have improved the perpetual titration circuit described in pharmacopoeia: the electrolytic current is amplified by an amplifying circuit in patent CN89212666.3 so that a cheap commercial meter (e.g. 10 -6 Current of a/cellMeter) to obtain good analysis results; in addition, shanghai city Anting pavilion electronic instrument works developed ZYT-1 type automatic permanent-stop titrator, nanjing department ring analyzer Co., ltd developed ZYT-2 type automatic permanent-stop titrator, shanghai Lei Ci instrument Co., ltd developed ZDY-500 type automatic permanent-stop titrator, jinan He energy instrument Co., ltd developed T950 type full automatic permanent-stop titrator to measure the content of diazotizable titrated medicine.
Although the automatic perpetual titration apparatus realizes titration automation, the working efficiency is improved; however, when the electrode changes from depolarization to polarization, the current returns to zero from a non-zero value and remains unchanged, and the titration cannot be automatically completed (e.g. with Na 2 S 2 O 3 Titration of I in solution for titration of solution 2 In the process, the automatic perpetual titration instrument cannot realize automatic titration, and the application range is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an automatic perpetual titration apparatus and a titration method based on a photoelectric sensor.
This kind of automatic permanent stop titration apparatus based on photoelectric sensor includes: the device comprises a titration system, a micro-current amplifying circuit, a micro-ammeter, a detection and control circuit, an electromagnetic stirring system, a power supply circuit and a boosting module;
the titration system is used for carrying out titration analysis on the solution to be detected by a perpetual titration method; comprises a burette clamp, a burette, a silicon rubber tube, a dripper tip, a beaker, an electromagnetic stirrer and two platinum electrodes; the beaker is filled with a solution to be measured; the burette is fixed by a burette clamp; the lower end of the burette is connected with the tip of the dripper through a silicone rubber tube, and the tip of the dripper is positioned above the beaker, inserted into the solution to be measured in the beaker or is at a certain distance from the liquid level of the solution to be measured in the beaker; two platinum electrodes are arranged in the solution to be measured; an electromagnetic stirrer is arranged in the beaker; the silicone rubber tube is provided with an electromagnetic valve;
the micro-current amplifying circuit is used for amplifying micro-currents output by the two platinum electrodes in the titration process, selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes, and carrying out zero setting and sensitivity adjustment on the micro-ammeter; the input end of the micro-current amplifying circuit is connected with the signal output ends of the two platinum electrodes;
the micro ammeter is used for displaying micro currents which are amplified by the micro current amplifying circuit and are output by the two platinum electrodes; the micro ammeter is electrically connected with the output end of the micro-current amplifying circuit; the micro ammeter is opened on a dial plate with an offset pointer and is provided with a plurality of reflective photoelectric sensors;
the detection and control circuit is used for converting pointer actions deflected to the position under the reflective photoelectric sensor into pulse electric signals, and controlling the titration speed and judging the titration end point by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve according to the time law of the occurrence of the pulse electric signals; the detection and control circuit comprises a singlechip, an end point threshold selector, a sliding switch, a titration state display LED lamp, a nixie tube, a photoelectric coupler and a reset circuit; the singlechip is electrically connected with the end point threshold selector, the sliding switch, the titration state display LED lamp, the nixie tube, the photoelectric coupler and the reset circuit; the photoelectric coupler is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve;
the power supply circuit is used for converting alternating current into direct current and supplying power to electric equipment of the automatic perpetual motion titrator;
the boosting module is used for boosting the direct-current voltage output by the power supply circuit to a set value and supplying power to the electromagnetic valve and the electromagnetic stirring system; the input end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the output end of the power circuit, and the output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve and the direct current motor of the electromagnetic stirring system;
the electromagnetic stirring system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the electromagnetic stirrer; the electromagnetic stirring system is provided with a stirring system circuit, and the stirring system circuit comprises a speed regulating potentiometer, a 555 timer, a crystal triode and a direct current motor; the direct current output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with a speed regulating potentiometer, and the speed regulating potentiometer is electrically connected with the 555 timer and the electromagnetic stirrer; the 555 timer is electrically connected with the transistor and the direct current motor.
Preferably, a black small paper sheet is attached to a pointer of the micro ammeter, and the micro ammeter is opened at the dial positions corresponding to 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of full scales and is provided with five reflective photoelectric sensors.
Preferably, the boosting module adopts an LM2596S chip; the singlechip selects STC89C51 chip.
Preferably, a buzzer window, a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key, a stirring speed adjusting knob, a polarization voltage selecting knob, a power switch, a zeroing knob, a sensitivity selecting knob, an end point threshold selecting knob, a titration stop button and a titration start button are also arranged on the instrument shell of the automatic perpetual titration instrument;
a buzzer is arranged in the buzzer window;
a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key for switching between an automatic mode and a manual mode of the permanently stopped titrator, and electrically connected with a sliding switch; the sliding switch is electrically connected with the singlechip;
the stirring speed adjusting knob is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the electromagnetic stirrer; the speed regulation potentiometer is electrically connected with the electromagnetic stirring system;
a polarization voltage selection knob for selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes;
the power switch is used for cutting off and communicating the power supply of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus; the power switch is electrically connected with the power circuit;
the zero setting knob is used for setting zero for the micro ammeter;
the sensitivity selection knob is used for performing sensitivity adjustment on the micro ammeter;
the end point threshold selection knob is used for selecting the reflective photoelectric sensor adopted at present;
the titration stop button is used for controlling the electromagnetic valve to be closed so as to prevent the buret from continuing titration;
and the titration start button is used for controlling the electromagnetic valve to be opened, so that the burette can continue titration.
The titration method of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on the photoelectric sensor comprises the following steps:
step 1, injecting a proper amount of water into a burette, turning on a power switch of an instrument, sliding a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key to a manual mode, long-pressing a titration start button, and adjusting an elastic screw on an electromagnetic valve until water drips out of the burette at a set speed;
step 2, taking down and washing the burette, after the burette is rinsed with the titrant for a set number of times, injecting the titrant into the burette, and loading the burette back to the burette clamp; in a manual mode, a titration start button is pressed for a long time, bubbles in a silicon rubber tube and the tip mouth of a dripper are exhausted, the liquid level in the burette is adjusted to a position slightly lower than the position near the 0 scale, and the liquid level value in the burette is read and recorded;
step 3, accurately moving a certain volume of solution to be measured in a beaker, adding other auxiliary reagents (such as a color developing agent), and placing an electromagnetic stirrer and two platinum electrodes in the beaker;
step 4, adjusting a stirring speed adjusting knob, and controlling a speed regulating potentiometer in the electromagnetic stirring system to adjust the rotating speed of an electromagnetic stirrer to a set value, wherein the electromagnetic stirrer stirs the solution to be tested;
step 5, rotating a polarization voltage selection knob to select a set polarization voltage; rotating an end point threshold knob and selecting a set threshold value; rotating a sensitivity selection knob to select a sensitivity gear; rotating a zeroing knob to enable the position of a pointer of the micro ammeter to be at a zero position or a 100 mu A position before titration starts;
step 6, adjusting a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key to an automatic mode, clicking a titration start button, starting titration by a burette, controlling a lighting-up state display LED lamp by a singlechip to output an electric signal to open an electromagnetic valve, and rapidly dripping the titration liquid in the burette into the solution to be tested; according to the conversion process of the two platinum electrodes between polarization and depolarization in the titration process, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve, and the titration endpoint judgment is respectively carried out according to the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter and the timing seconds of the singlechip;
and 7, pressing a titration stop button in the titration process or after the titration is finished, returning the automatic perpetual titration apparatus to an initial state, reading and recording the final reading of the burette, and starting the next titration.
Preferably, the burette is rinsed three times with the titrant in step 2.
Preferably, in the stirring process of the electromagnetic stirrer in the step 4, the two platinum electrodes are prevented from leaving the solution to be detected and suspending.
Preferably, when two platinum electrodes are polarized to depolarize in the titration process, a zeroing knob is rotated in the step 5, so that the position of a pointer of the micro ammeter is at a zero position before the titration is started; when two platinum electrodes are depolarized to polarized in the titration process, the zeroing knob is rotated in the step 5, so that the position of the pointer of the micro ammeter is positioned at the position of 100 mu A before the titration is started.
Preferably, in step 6:
when two platinum electrodes go from polarized to depolarized during titration: along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter is continuously increased and recovered; if the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro-ammeter exceeds the set end point threshold value, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve, so that the titration liquid in the buret slowly drops into the solution to be tested, the singlechip starts timing, and the timing seconds of the singlechip are displayed on the nixie tube; if the timing seconds of the singlechip are not more than the set value, the pointer of the micro-ammeter returns to be within the current area indicated by the set end point threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the opening of the electromagnetic valve; if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds a set value, the pointer of the micro-ammeter does not return to be within a set end point threshold, the singlechip judges that the titration end point is reached, and the singlechip controls to turn off the titration state display LED lamp, turns on the titration end point display LED lamp and sounds a buzzer to prompt the end of titration;
when two platinum electrodes go from depolarization to polarization during titration: along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter is continuously reduced and recovered; if the deflection amplitude of the pointer is smaller than the set end point threshold value, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve, so that the titration solution in the burette slowly drops into the solution to be measured, the singlechip starts timing, and the singlechip displays seconds obtained by timing on the nixie tube; if the timing seconds of the singlechip are not more than the set value, the reply of the pointer of the micro ammeter exceeds the set end point threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to open the electromagnetic valve; if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds the set value, the pointer of the micro-ammeter returns to be within the set end point threshold value, the singlechip judges that the titration end point is reached, and the singlechip controls to turn off the titration state display LED lamp, turns on the titration end point display LED lamp and sounds a buzzer to prompt the end of titration.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
on the basis of the traditional micro-current pointer type perpetual titration method, the invention designs the automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on the photoelectric sensor principle, and the automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on the photoelectric sensor principle is additionally provided with the reflective photoelectric sensor on the micro-current surface plate so as to detect the action and the position of the pointer; detecting the deviation rule of the ammeter pointer through a reflective photoelectric sensor, controlling the titration process through a detection and control circuit, and judging the titration end point;
the automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on the photoelectric sensor principle overcomes the defects of the traditional micro-current pointer type perpetual titration method, and can realize the automatic titration process under the condition that the current returns to zero from non-zero value and remains unchanged in the process that two platinum electrodes are changed from depolarization to polarization in the perpetual titration process; the automatic titration process from polarization to depolarization of the two platinum electrodes in the perpetual titration process can be realized; the application range of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus is expanded; the method is suitable for detecting medicines and chemical products according to a permanent titration method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic perpetual titration apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microcurrent amplifying circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of micro-current with the addition of a reflective photosensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a detection and control circuit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a boost module circuit;
fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a stirring system.
Reference numerals illustrate: the micro-ammeter 1, the nixie tube 2, the platinum electrode 3, the electromagnetic valve 4, the buret 5, the silicon rubber tube 6, the electromagnetic stirrer 7, the buzzer window 8, the manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9, the stirring speed adjusting knob 10, the polarization voltage selecting knob 11, the power switch 12, the zeroing knob 13, the sensitivity selecting knob 14, the end point threshold selecting knob 15, the titration stop button 16, the titration start button 17, the titration pipe clamp 18, the black small paper sheet 1.1 and the reflective photoelectric sensor 1.2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the present application provides an automatic perpetual motion titrator based on photoelectric sensor, comprising: the device comprises a titration system, a micro-current amplifying circuit, a micro-ammeter 1, a detection and control circuit, an electromagnetic stirring system, a power supply circuit and a boosting module; the instrument shell of the automatic perpetual motion titrator is also provided with a buzzer window 8, a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9, a stirring speed adjusting knob 10, a polarization voltage selecting knob 11, a power switch 12, a zeroing knob 13, a sensitivity selecting knob 14, an end point threshold selecting knob 15, a titration stop button 16 and a titration start button 17;
as shown in fig. 1, the titration system is used for performing titration analysis on the solution to be tested by a perpetual titration method; comprises a burette clamp 18, a burette 5, a silicone rubber tube 6, a dripper tip, a beaker, an electromagnetic stirrer 7 and two platinum electrodes 3; the beaker is filled with a solution to be measured; the burette 5 is fixed by a burette clamp 18; the lower end of the burette 5 is connected with a dripper tip through a silicone rubber tube 6, and the dripper tip is positioned above the beaker, inserted into the solution to be measured in the beaker or is at a certain distance from the solution level of the solution to be measured in the beaker; two platinum electrodes 3 are placed in the solution to be measured; an electromagnetic stirrer 7 is arranged in the beaker; the silicone rubber tube 6 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is provided with an elastic screw; the electromagnetic valve 4 is electrically connected with a singlechip in the detection and control circuit;
as shown in fig. 2, the micro-current amplifying circuit is used for amplifying micro-currents output by the two platinum electrodes 3 in the titration process, selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes 3, and carrying out zeroing and sensitivity adjustment on the micro-ammeter 1; the input end of the micro-current amplifying circuit is connected with the signal output ends of the two platinum electrodes 3;
the +5V voltage output end of the power supply circuit is respectively connected with the zener diode and the sliding contact potentiometer in two ways through a resistor, the zener diode is grounded, the sliding contact potentiometer is electrically connected with the platinum electrode and the fifth gear selector switch, and each gear switch contact in the fifth gear selector switch is grounded after being connected with the resistor in series; the polarization voltage corresponding to the five-gear selector switch is 5 gears, namely 15mV, 30mV, 50mV, 90mV and 120mV respectively; the fifth gear selector switch is electrically connected with the polarization voltage selection knob 11;
the part of the micro-current amplifying circuit electrically connected with the other platinum electrode is divided into two paths: one path of the zero-setting potentiometer is electrically connected with the sliding end part of the zero-setting potentiometer through a resistor, the sliding end part of the zero-setting potentiometer is electrically connected with the zero-setting knob 13, the other two fixed end parts of the zero-setting potentiometer are electrically connected with the +/-5V direct current voltage output end of the power supply circuit through resistors, the +/-5V direct current voltage output end of the power supply circuit is not only electrically connected with the other two fixed end parts of the zero-setting potentiometer through resistors, but also respectively electrically connected with two voltage stabilizing diodes through the same resistor, and the two voltage stabilizing diodes are grounded; the other path of the electric signal is electrically connected with an operational amplifier circuit, the operational amplifier circuit is electrically connected with a sensitivity adjuster, the sensitivity adjuster is grounded, and the adjusting end part of the sensitivity adjuster is electrically connected with a sensitivity selecting knob 14; the sensitivity adjuster is divided into 4 steps of 1, 2, 4 and 8, wherein 1, 2, 4 and 8 represent multiples of current attenuation;
as shown in fig. 3, a micro ammeter 1 is used for displaying micro currents output by two platinum electrodes 3 after being amplified by a micro current amplifying circuit; the micro ammeter 1 is electrically connected with the output end of the micro-current amplifying circuit; a black small paper sheet 1.1 is attached to a pointer of the micro ammeter 1, and the micro ammeter 1 is provided with five reflective photoelectric sensors 1.2 which are opened on an organic glass dial at dial positions corresponding to 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of full scales;
as shown in fig. 4, the detection and control circuit is used for converting the pointer action deflected to the position under the reflective photoelectric sensor 1.2 into a pulse electric signal through the amplifying and comparing circuit, and the singlechip in the detection and control circuit is used for controlling the titration speed and judging the titration end point by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 4 according to the time law of the pulse electric signal; the detection and control circuit comprises a singlechip (STC 89C51 chip), an end point threshold selector, a sliding switch, a titration state display LED lamp, a two-bit LED nixie tube 2, a photoelectric coupler and a reset circuit; the singlechip is electrically connected with the end point threshold selector, the sliding switch, the titration state display LED lamp, the two-bit LED nixie tube 2, the photoelectric coupler and the reset circuit; the photoelectric coupler is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is controlled to work through the photoelectric coupler;
in the detection and control circuit, the output signal ends of the phototriodes of the five reflective photoelectric sensors 1.2 are electrically connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the output signals of the phototriodes of the five reflective photoelectric sensors are compared with the signals of the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier; the output end of the operational amplifier is A, B, C, D, E, namely 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of full-scale end point threshold selection ends of the micro ammeter 1, and is electrically connected with a pin P3.2 of the singlechip through a five-gear selector switch which is used as an end point threshold selector and is electrically connected with an end point threshold selection knob 15;
pin P1.0 of the singlechip is electrically connected with the titration start button 17; clicking a titration start button in an automatic mode of the perpetual titration apparatus, and starting titration; in the manual mode, clicking a titration start button once, and opening an electromagnetic valve once; in the manual mode, the titration start button is not loosened after long-time pressing, the electromagnetic valve is opened every 2 seconds in the first 7 seconds, and the electromagnetic valve is normally opened until the start key is loosened after 7 seconds; the pin P1.1 and the pin P1.2 of the singlechip are electrically connected with a sliding switch, and the sliding switch is electrically connected with a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9 for switching and selecting an automatic mode and a manual mode of the permanent stop titrator; the pin P1.3, the pin P1.4 and the pin P1.5 of the singlechip are respectively and electrically connected with a titration state display LED lamp, a titration end point display LED lamp and a buzzer; the buzzer is arranged in the buzzer window 8; pin P1.6 of the singlechip is electrically connected with a photoelectric coupler, the photoelectric coupler is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is controlled to work through the photoelectric coupler; pins P2.0-P2.7 of the singlechip are electrically connected with segment code pins of the two-bit LED nixie tube 2, pins P0.0 and P0.1 of the singlechip are electrically connected with bit pins of the two-bit LED nixie tube, and the two-bit LED nixie tube 2 is used for displaying the time seconds after a pointer of the micro ammeter 1 exceeds a set threshold value; the RST pin of the singlechip is electrically connected with a reset circuit, and a switch in the reset circuit is electrically connected with a titration stop button 16; the Vcc pin of the singlechip is electrically connected with the +5V direct current output end of the power supply circuit; the Vss pin of the singlechip is grounded;
as shown in fig. 5, the power supply circuit is used for converting 220V alternating current into +/-5V direct current, supplying power to electric equipment of the automatic permanent-stop titrator, and ensuring that the electric equipment and the electric equipment work normally; the input end of the power supply circuit is provided with a bridge type arrangement circuit, the bridge type arrangement circuit adopts a full-wave bridge rectifier, and positive and negative direct current voltage output ends of the bridge type arrangement circuit are electrically connected with fuses; the circuit behind the fuse connected with the positive direct-current voltage output end of the bridge type arrangement circuit is a three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit and adopts a 7805 chip; the circuit behind the fuse connected with the negative direct current voltage output end of the bridge type arrangement circuit is a three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit and adopts a 7905 chip;
as shown in fig. 6, the boost module (LM 2596S chip) is configured to boost the 5V dc voltage output by the power supply circuit to a set value (12V), and supply power to the solenoid valve 4 and the electromagnetic stirring system; the input end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the output end of the power circuit, and the output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 4 and the direct current motor of the electromagnetic stirring system;
as shown in fig. 7, the electromagnetic stirring system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the electromagnetic stirrer 7; the electromagnetic stirring system is provided with a stirring system circuit, and the stirring system circuit comprises a speed regulating potentiometer, a 555 timer, a crystal triode and a direct current motor; the 12V direct current output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with a speed regulating potentiometer, and the speed regulating potentiometer is electrically connected with the 555 timer and the electromagnetic stirrer 7; the 555 timer is electrically connected with the transistor and the direct current motor.
A buzzer is arranged in the buzzer window 8; in the titration process, an LED lamp is lightened to indicate that the titration is performed, and once the end point is reached, a singlechip outputs a signal to lighten the LED lamp at the end point and drive a buzzer to sound to prompt the end of the titration;
a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9 for switching between an automatic mode and a manual mode of selecting a permanently stopped titrator, and electrically connected with a sliding switch; the sliding switch is electrically connected with the singlechip;
a stirring speed adjusting knob 10 for adjusting the rotation speed of the electromagnetic stirrer 7; the speed regulation potentiometer is electrically connected with the electromagnetic stirring system;
a polarization voltage selection knob 11 for selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes 3;
the power switch 12 is used for cutting off and connecting the power supply of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus; the power switch 12 is electrically connected with a power circuit;
a zeroing knob 13 for zeroing the micro ammeter 1;
a sensitivity selection knob 14 for performing sensitivity adjustment on the micro ammeter 1;
the end point threshold selection knob is used for selecting the reflective photoelectric sensor 1.2 adopted at present;
a titration stop button 16 for controlling the solenoid valve 4 to close, thereby preventing the burette 5 from continuing titration;
a titration start button 17 for controlling the solenoid valve 4 to open and further allowing the burette 5 to continue titration.
Example 2
Based on the embodiment 1 of the application, in the embodiment 2, taking the example that two platinum electrodes are polarized to depolarized in the titration process, a titration method of an automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on a photoelectric sensor is provided:
1) Injecting proper amount of water into the burette 5, turning on a power switch 12 of the instrument, sliding a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9 into a manual mode, long-pressing a titration start button 17, and adjusting an elastic screw on the electromagnetic valve 4 to enable water to drip out of the burette 5 at proper speed;
2) Removing and washing the burette 5, after the burette 5 is rinsed three times by using the titrant, injecting the titrant into the burette 5, mounting the burette 5 back to the burette clamp 18, long-pressing the start button 17 of titration in a manual mode, exhausting bubbles in the silicon rubber tube and the tip of the dripper, adjusting the liquid level in the burette 5 to be slightly lower near the scale 0, and reading and recording the accurate value;
3) Accurately moving a certain volume of solution to be measured in a beaker, adding other auxiliary reagents (such as a color developing agent), and placing an electromagnetic stirrer 7 and two platinum electrodes 3 in the beaker;
4) Adjusting the stirring speed adjusting knob 10, and controlling a speed regulating potentiometer in the electromagnetic stirring system to adjust the rotating speed of the electromagnetic stirrer 7 to a proper value so as to stir the solution to be measured; during the stirring process, two platinum electrodes 3 are prevented from leaving the solution to be detected and suspending;
5) Rotating the polarization voltage selection knob 11 to select a proper polarization voltage (e.g., 50 mV); rotating the end point threshold knob 15 to select an appropriate threshold value (e.g., 90%); rotating the sensitivity selection knob 14 to select an appropriate sensitivity range (e.g., 1 range); rotating the zeroing knob 13 to enable the position of the pointer of the micro ammeter 1 to be in a zero position before the titration starts;
6) Adjusting the manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9 to an automatic mode, clicking the titration start button 17, and starting titration; the single chip microcomputer controls the lighting of the titration state display LED lamp, the single chip microcomputer outputs an electric signal to open the electromagnetic valve 4, and the titration liquid in the burette 5 drops into the solution to be measured rapidly;
along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter 1 is continuously increased and recovered; once the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter 1 exceeds a set end point threshold value, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve 5, so that the titration solution in the buret 5 slowly drops into the solution to be tested, the singlechip starts timing, and the timing seconds of the singlechip are displayed on the nixie tube 2;
if the timing seconds of the singlechip are less than 90 seconds, the pointer of the micro ammeter 1 returns to be within the current area indicated by the set end point threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the solenoid valve 4 to be opened once;
if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds 90 seconds, the pointer of the micro ammeter 1 does not return to be within the set end point threshold, the singlechip judges that the titration end point is reached, and the singlechip controls to extinguish the titration state display LED lamp, lighten the titration end point display LED lamp and sound the buzzer to prompt the end of titration;
7) After the titration is finished, the titration stop button 16 is pressed, so that the automatic perpetual titration apparatus returns to the initial state, the final reading of the burette 5 is read and recorded, and the next titration is started.
Example 3
Based on the embodiment 1 of the application, in the embodiment 2, taking the example that two platinum electrodes are depolarized to polarized in the titration process, a titration method of an automatic perpetual titration apparatus based on a photoelectric sensor is provided:
steps 1) to 4) of the present embodiment are identical to steps 1) to 4) of embodiment 2;
5) Rotating the polarization voltage selection knob 11 to select a proper polarization voltage (e.g., 15 mV), rotating the end point threshold selection knob 15 to select a proper threshold value (e.g., 10%), and rotating the sensitivity selection knob 14 to select a proper sensitivity gear (e.g., 4); rotating the zeroing knob 13 to enable the pointer of the micro ammeter 11 to approach to the 100 mu A scale;
6) Adjusting a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key 9 to an automatic mode, clicking a titration start button 17, starting titration by a burette 5, and controlling a single chip microcomputer to light a titration state display LED lamp; the singlechip outputs an electric signal to open the electromagnetic valve, and the titration solution in the burette 5 drops into the solution to be measured rapidly;
along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter 1 is continuously reduced and recovered; once the deflection amplitude of the pointer is smaller than the set end point threshold value, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve 5, so that the titration liquid in the titration tube 5 slowly drops into the solution to be measured, the singlechip starts timing, and the singlechip displays the seconds obtained by timing on the nixie tube 2;
if the timing seconds of the singlechip are less than 90 seconds, the reply of the pointer of the micro ammeter 1 exceeds the set endpoint threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to open the electromagnetic valve 4 once;
if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds 90 seconds, the pointer of the micro ammeter 1 returns to be within a set endpoint threshold value, the singlechip judges that the titration endpoint is reached, and the singlechip controls to extinguish the titration state display LED lamp, lighten the titration endpoint display LED lamp and sound a buzzer to prompt the end of titration;
7) After the titration is finished, the titration stop button 16 is pressed, so that the automatic perpetual titration apparatus returns to the initial state, the final reading of the burette 5 is read and recorded, and the next titration is started.

Claims (9)

1. An automatic perpetual motion titrator based on a photoelectric sensor, which is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a titration system, a micro-current amplifying circuit, a micro-ammeter (1), a detection and control circuit, an electromagnetic stirring system, a power supply circuit and a boosting module;
the titration system is used for carrying out titration analysis on the solution to be detected by a perpetual titration method; comprises a burette clamp (18), a burette (5), a silicon rubber tube (6), a dripper tip, a beaker, an electromagnetic stirrer (7) and two platinum electrodes (3); the beaker is filled with a solution to be measured; the burette (5) is fixed by a burette clamp (18); the lower end of the burette (5) is connected with the tip of the dripper through a silicone rubber tube (6), and the tip of the dripper is positioned above the beaker and inserted into the solution to be tested in the beaker or is a certain distance away from the liquid level of the solution to be tested in the beaker; two platinum electrodes (3) are arranged in the solution to be measured; an electromagnetic stirrer (7) is arranged in the beaker; an electromagnetic valve (4) is arranged on the silicon rubber tube (6);
the micro-current amplifying circuit is used for amplifying micro-currents output by the two platinum electrodes (3) in the titration process, selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes (3), and carrying out zeroing and sensitivity adjustment on the micro-ammeter (1); the input end of the micro-current amplifying circuit is connected with the signal output ends of the two platinum electrodes (3);
the micro ammeter (1) is used for displaying micro currents which are amplified by the micro current amplifying circuit and are output by the two platinum electrodes (3); the micro ammeter (1) is electrically connected with the output end of the micro-current amplifying circuit; the micro ammeter (1) is opened on a dial plate with an offset pointer and is provided with a plurality of reflective photoelectric sensors (1.2);
the detection and control circuit is used for converting pointer actions deflected to the position under the reflective photoelectric sensor (1.2) into pulse electric signals, and controlling the titration speed and judging the titration end point by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve (4) according to the time law of the pulse electric signals; the detection and control circuit comprises a singlechip, an end point threshold selector, a sliding switch, a titration state display LED lamp, a nixie tube (2), a photoelectric coupler and a reset circuit; the singlechip is electrically connected with the end point threshold selector, the sliding switch, the titration state display LED lamp, the nixie tube (2), the photoelectric coupler and the reset circuit; the photoelectric coupler is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve (4);
the power supply circuit is used for converting alternating current into direct current and supplying power to electric equipment of the automatic perpetual motion titrator;
the boosting module is used for boosting the direct-current voltage output by the power supply circuit to a set value and supplying power to the electromagnetic valve (4) and the electromagnetic stirring system; the input end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the output end of the power circuit, and the output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve (4) and the direct current motor of the electromagnetic stirring system;
the electromagnetic stirring system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the electromagnetic stirrer (7); the electromagnetic stirring system is provided with a stirring system circuit, and the stirring system circuit comprises a speed regulating potentiometer, a 555 timer, a crystal triode and a direct current motor; the direct current output end of the boosting module is electrically connected with a speed regulating potentiometer, and the speed regulating potentiometer is electrically connected with a 555 timer and an electromagnetic stirrer (7); the 555 timer is electrically connected with the transistor and the direct current motor.
2. The automatic perpetual motion titrator based on photoelectric sensors according to claim 1, wherein: a black small paper sheet (1.1) is attached to a pointer of the micro ammeter (1), and the micro ammeter (1) is provided with five reflective photoelectric sensors (1.2) and is opened at dial positions corresponding to 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of full scales.
3. The automatic perpetual motion titrator based on photoelectric sensors according to claim 2, wherein: the boosting module adopts an LM2596S chip; the singlechip selects STC89C51 chip.
4. The automatic perpetual motion titrator based on a photoelectric sensor according to claim 3, wherein: a buzzer window (8), a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key (9), a stirring speed adjusting knob (10), a polarization voltage selecting knob (11), a power switch (12), a zero setting knob (13), a sensitivity selecting knob (14), an end point threshold selecting knob (15), a titration stop button (16) and a titration start button (17) are also arranged on the instrument shell of the automatic perpetual titration instrument;
a buzzer is arranged in the buzzer window (8);
a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key (9) for switching between an automatic mode and a manual mode of selecting a permanently stopped titrator, and electrically connected with a sliding switch; the sliding switch is electrically connected with the singlechip;
a stirring speed adjusting knob (10) for adjusting the rotation speed of the electromagnetic stirrer (7); the speed regulation potentiometer is electrically connected with the electromagnetic stirring system;
a polarization voltage selection knob (11) for selecting polarization voltages applied to the two platinum electrodes (3);
the power switch (12) is used for cutting off and connecting the power supply of the automatic perpetual titration apparatus; the power switch (12) is electrically connected with the power circuit;
a zeroing knob (13) for zeroing the micro ammeter (1);
a sensitivity selection knob (14) for performing sensitivity adjustment on the micro ammeter (1);
an end point threshold selection knob for selecting the reflective photoelectric sensor (1.2) adopted at present;
a titration stop button (16) for controlling the electromagnetic valve (4) to be closed so as to prevent the burette (5) from continuing titration;
and the titration start button (17) is used for controlling the electromagnetic valve (4) to be opened so as to enable the burette (5) to continue titration.
5. A titration method based on an automatic perpetual motion titrator with a photoelectric sensor as in claim 4, comprising the steps of:
step 1, injecting water into a burette (5), turning on a power switch (12) of an instrument, sliding a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key (9) to a manual mode, long-pressing a titration start button (17), and adjusting an elastic screw on an electromagnetic valve (4) until water drips out from the burette (5) at a set speed;
step 2, taking down and washing the burette (5), after the burette (5) is rinsed for a set number of times by using the titrant, injecting the titrant into the burette (5), and loading the burette (5) back to the burette clamp (18); in a manual mode, a titration start button (17) is pressed for a long time, bubbles in a silicon rubber tube (6) and a tip mouth of a dripper are exhausted, the liquid level in the burette (5) is adjusted to be near to a 0 scale, and the liquid level value in the burette (5) is read and recorded;
step 3, transferring a certain volume of solution to be tested into a beaker, adding an auxiliary reagent, and placing an electromagnetic stirrer (7) and two platinum electrodes (3) into the beaker;
step 4, adjusting a stirring speed adjusting knob (10), and controlling a speed regulating potentiometer in an electromagnetic stirring system to adjust the rotating speed of an electromagnetic stirrer (7) to a set value, wherein the electromagnetic stirrer (7) stirs the solution to be tested;
step 5, rotating a polarization voltage selection knob (11) to select a set polarization voltage; rotating the end point threshold knob 15 to select a set threshold value; a rotation sensitivity selection knob (14) for selecting a sensitivity range; rotating a zeroing knob (13) to enable the position of a pointer of the micro ammeter (1) to be at a zero position or a 100 mu A position before titration starts;
step 6, adjusting a manual or automatic mode selection sliding key (9) to an automatic mode, clicking a titration start button (17), starting titration by a burette (5), controlling a titration state to be lightened by a singlechip to display an LED lamp, outputting an electric signal by the singlechip to open an electromagnetic valve (4), and rapidly dripping the titration liquid in the burette (5) into a solution to be tested; according to the conversion process of two platinum electrodes between polarization and depolarization in the titration process, the single chip microcomputer outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve 5, and the titration endpoint judgment is respectively carried out according to the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter (1) and the timing seconds of the single chip microcomputer;
and 7, pressing a titration stop button (16) in the titration process or after the titration is finished, returning the automatic perpetual titration instrument to an initial state, reading and recording the final reading of the burette (5), and starting the next titration.
6. The titration method for an automatic perpetual motion titrator based on a photoelectric sensor according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 2, the burette (5) is rinsed three times with the titration solution.
7. The titration method for an automatic perpetual motion titrator based on a photoelectric sensor according to claim 5, wherein: in the stirring process of the electromagnetic stirrer (7), the two platinum electrodes (3) are prevented from leaving the solution to be detected and suspending.
8. The titration method for an automatic perpetual motion titrator based on a photoelectric sensor according to claim 5, wherein: when two platinum electrodes are polarized to depolarize in the titration process, a zeroing knob (13) is rotated in the step 5, so that the position of a pointer of a micro ammeter (1) is in a zero position before the titration is started; when two platinum electrodes are depolarized to polarized in the titration process, a zeroing knob (13) is rotated in the step 5, so that the position of a pointer of a micro ammeter (1) is positioned at a 100 mu A position before the titration is started.
9. The method for titration by an automatic perpetual motion titrator based on photoelectric sensor according to claim 8, wherein in step 6:
when two platinum electrodes go from polarized to depolarized during titration: along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter (1) is continuously increased and recovered; if the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter (1) exceeds a set end point threshold value, outputting an electric signal by the singlechip to control the electromagnetic valve 5, enabling the titration solution in the titration tube (5) to slowly drop into the solution to be tested, starting timing by the singlechip, and displaying the timing seconds of the singlechip on the nixie tube (2); if the timing seconds of the singlechip is not more than the set value, the pointer of the micro ammeter (1) returns to be within the current area indicated by the set end point threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the opening of the electromagnetic valve (4); if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds a set value, the pointer of the micro ammeter (1) does not return to be within a set end point threshold, the singlechip judges that the titration end point is reached, and the singlechip controls to extinguish the titration state display LED lamp, lighten the titration end point display LED lamp and sound a buzzer to prompt the end of titration;
when two platinum electrodes go from depolarization to polarization during titration: along with the continuous addition of the titration solution into the solution to be measured, the pointer deflection amplitude of the micro ammeter (1) is continuously reduced and recovered; if the deflection amplitude of the pointer is smaller than the set end point threshold value, the singlechip outputs an electric signal to control the electromagnetic valve 5, so that the titration liquid in the titration tube (5) slowly drops into the solution to be measured, the singlechip starts timing, and the singlechip displays seconds obtained by timing on the nixie tube (2); if the timing seconds of the singlechip are not more than a set value, the reply of the pointer of the micro ammeter (1) exceeds a set end point threshold value, and the singlechip outputs an electric signal to open the electromagnetic valve (4); if the timing seconds of the singlechip exceeds a set value, the pointer of the micro-ammeter (1) returns to be within a set end point threshold value, the singlechip judges that the titration end point is reached, and the singlechip controls to extinguish the titration state display LED lamp, lighten the titration end point display LED lamp and sound the buzzer to prompt the end of titration.
CN202310365704.8A 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor Pending CN116359429A (en)

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CN202310365704.8A CN116359429A (en) 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor

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CN202310365704.8A CN116359429A (en) 2023-04-07 2023-04-07 Automatic perpetual titration apparatus and titration method based on photoelectric sensor

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