CN116357984A - Incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas, comprising: the incinerator body comprises an oxidation zone retention chamber positioned in the middle, the oxidation zone retention chamber sequentially comprises a contraction section, a throat section and a diffusion section, the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body on the contraction section gradually decreases along the direction facing the throat section, and the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body on the diffusion section gradually increases along the direction facing away from the throat section; a plurality of refractory bricks disposed at least on an inner wall of the oxidation zone retention chamber; a plurality of interfering fluids disposed on the refractory bricks. The invention can effectively improve the problem of the coordination of thermal expansion deformation between the refractory material and the steel shell during high-temperature operation, effectively improve the corrosion problem of equipment under long-time operation, especially improve the corrosion condition of the conversion area from the reduction section to the oxidation section, effectively prolong the service life of the whole equipment, and simultaneously reduce heat loss, save energy and reduce emission.

Description

Incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas

The present application claims priority from chinese patent application No. 202310096050.3, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical fields of petroleum, chemical industry and petrochemical industry, in particular to an incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas.

Background

The acrylonitrile waste water incinerator is chemical equipment for completely incinerating organic waste liquid produced in the production process of an acrylonitrile device to make the organic waste liquid harmless. Because the acrylonitrile device discharges toxic wastewater containing substances such as acrylonitrile, acetonitrile, hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and the like under normal operation and accident conditions, serious environmental pollution can be caused if the wastewater is directly discharged. In order to meet environmental requirements, such toxic waste water must be treated. Incineration techniques are the most efficient and most commonly used method for treating toxic wastewater in acrylonitrile plants. Most of acrylonitrile devices built in China for many years are provided with incinerators for treating wastewater, but most of the acrylonitrile devices are old cylindrical direct-discharge type furnaces, and the wastewater furnaces cannot effectively utilize waste heat generated by incineration and cannot control nitrogen oxides and ash generated by incineration, so that the energy conservation of industrial devices and the emission requirements of national environmental protection standards cannot be met.

At present, there are two main types of wastewater incineration devices in the domestic acrylonitrile transportation device: (1) an old straight cylinder incinerator: the environmental protection requirement of the country is lower before 2000, a plurality of sets of acrylonitrile devices are designed in China to form a direct tube incinerator in a matched mode, high-temperature flue gas is directly discharged after wastewater incineration, and NO related waste heat recovery, dust removal and NO are caused _X The removal facility is controlled such that,the current national environmental protection requirements can not be met. (2) novel acrylonitrile waste water burns device: the novel acrylonitrile waste water incinerator is constructed according to the national environmental protection requirement, and is generally required to be equipped with waste heat recovery, dust removal and NO _X And controlling and other facilities, and the fume emission reaches the national environmental protection requirements of national environmental protection emission indexes (GB 1884-2020) and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the present common acrylonitrile waste liquid incineration system is schematically shown, and fig. 1 includes: the device comprises an acetonitrile waste water spray gun-1, an acrylonitrile waste water spray gun-2, a crude acetonitrile waste water spray gun-3, a hydrocyanic acid spray gun-4, a primary air inlet-5, a main burner-6, a secondary air inlet-7, a waste water combustion air inlet-8, an incineration reduction section-9, an oxidation air inlet-10, an incineration oxidation section-11, an SNCR section-12, an ammonia water spray gun-13, a cooling water spray gun-14, a circulating flue gas inlet-15, a chilling section-16, a waste heat boiler-17, a bag type dust collector-18, a chimney-19 and an induced draft fan-20. The main equipment of the incinerator is an L-shaped vertical-horizontal cylinder type negative pressure furnace, and comprises a blower, an air preheater, a burner, a waste water spray gun, a thermal oxidizer (comprising a reduction section, an oxidation section and an SNCR section), a chilling section, a waste heat boiler, a bag type dust collector, an induced draft fan, a circulating fan, a chimney and the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, the burner of the current incinerator generally adopts a low NO _X The type gas burner is forced to ventilate and burn downwards, and the fuel is natural gas. The burner adopts layer-by-layer air inlet and multi-stage combustion to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the nitrogen oxides generated in the combustion process.

As shown in fig. 1, the gas delivery system of the current incineration system comprises four streams of cold air from a blower, which is heated by steam through an air preheater, and then is fed into a main burner, a reduction section and an oxidation section as primary air, secondary air, waste liquid combustion air and oxidation air layer by layer respectively, so as to form a multi-stage combustion environment. The flue gas in the furnace is pumped to a chimney for emission mainly through an induced draft fan arranged behind the bag type dust collector. Under the action of the induced draft fan, the whole furnace is in a negative pressure state, so that toxic waste gas cannot leak out of the furnace body. The circulating fan is used for circulating and conveying part of flue gas after the induced draft fan to the quenching section, and mainly has two purposes: firstly, returning part of cold flue gas subjected to heat exchange of the waste heat boiler to the front of the waste heat boiler so as to reduce and adjust the temperature of a flue gas inlet of the waste heat boiler; and secondly, as the part of low-temperature flue gas is filtered by the bag type dust collector, the ash content is low, the ash content of the flue gas in the furnace can be diluted before returning to the boiler, and the ash blocking probability of the waste heat boiler is reduced.

As shown in fig. 1, the waste water injection system of the current incineration system comprises a plurality of waste water injection lances with steam atomizing nozzles. A plurality of hydrocyanoic acid waste water spray guns are arranged on the burner body; a plurality of acetonitrile waste water spray guns are arranged at the part of the secondary air population; a plurality of acrylonitrile waste water spray guns and a plurality of acrylonitrile waste water spray guns are arranged at the waste water combustion air inlet part. The waste water from each unit of the acrylonitrile device enters the waste water spray gun, is refined by steam in the spray nozzle and sprayed into the hearth in a mist form to fully contact with combustion air for combustion.

As shown in fig. 1, the thermal oxidizer system of the current incineration system comprises a waste water incinerator thermal oxidizer, which is a main carrier for completing the incineration process and is divided into three parts of a reduction section, an oxidation section and an SNCR section. The reduction section is in a vertical cylinder shape as shown in the figure, the wastewater is subjected to high-temperature lean oxygen incineration in the reduction section after entering the hearth, the outlet temperature of the reduction section is about 950 ℃, and the temperature of a high-temperature combustion zone (the top area of the reduction section) can reach more than 1300 ℃. The oxidation section is in a horizontal cylinder shape as shown in the figure. Small amounts of organics remain in the high temperature flue gas from the reduction stage and therefore require further combustion to decompose in the reduction stage. The high-temperature flue gas is mixed with oxidation air at the inlet of the oxidation section and is further combusted in an oxygen-enriched state, and the outlet temperature is generally about 900 ℃. SNCR is a selective, non-catalytic reduction system for reducing NOx that has formed to nitrogen. Ammonia water with very low ammonia content is sprayed into a hearth through a plurality of ammonia water spray guns arranged on the furnace body and is uniformly mixed with high-temperature flue gas, and ammonia and NOx are decomposed through reduction reaction at high temperature, so that the purpose of reducing NOx is achieved.

As shown in FIG. 1, the chilling section of the current incineration system comprises a large amount of sodium salts in the waste liquid, wherein the sodium salts are in a molten state at a high temperature, and the molten state substances can be stuck on a furnace tube and cannot be removed after entering a waste heat boiler, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the furnace tube is reduced and blocked, and the furnace tube is broken due to corrosion in severe cases. It is therefore necessary to cool down the flue gas so that the sodium salt in the flue gas becomes solid particles (ash) without tackiness before entering the waste heat boiler. The cooling purpose of the cooling section is achieved by two sets of facilities, and a part of refrigerant returns cold smoke from the circulating fan; the other part is water spraying chilling by a plurality of water spray guns arranged at the chilling section. Typically, the sodium salt becomes particulate at temperatures below 760 ℃, so it is sufficient to reduce the flue gas temperature from the oxidation stage to a temperature slightly below this temperature.

As shown in fig. 1, the waste heat boiler of the current incineration system is used for reasonably recovering heat in high-temperature flue gas to produce steam and reducing the temperature of the flue gas to below 230 ℃, and comprises main parts of a superheating section, an evaporating section, a boiler feed water preheating section, a steam drum and the like. The produced superheated steam is sent to a steam pipe network of the device, and the saturated steam is used for an air preheater of the waste water furnace.

As shown in fig. 1, a bag filter of the current incineration system is used for removing ash in flue gas, and is provided with a plurality of dust removal bins, and an ash discharging device is arranged at the lower part of each dust removal bin. The dust removing bin is internally composed of a plurality of groups of filter tubes sleeved with fiber filter bags, and an air back-blowing system is arranged at the upper parts of the filter tubes and used for cleaning ash on the filter bags. The three filter bins are provided with one standby, and when one bin needs to discharge ash, the other three filter bins bear the ash filtering task. The bag filter filters out solid particles with the size larger than 10 mu m in the flue gas, and the main component of ash is sodium carbonate. Due to the limitation of the filter bag material, the flue gas temperature cannot be higher than 230 ℃.

As shown in FIG. 1, the refractory materials of the prior incineration system comprise corrosive media such as acid, alkali, salt and the like in the waste water, and the temperature of the outer wall of the furnace body is required to be about 220 ℃ in order to meet the requirement of dew point corrosion resistance, which brings certain difficulty to the selection of the refractory materials. Therefore, the selection of suitable refractory materials in the furnace is one of the keys to whether waste water incineration technology can be put into industrial use. The waste water from the waste water incinerator comes from each unit of the acrylonitrile device, and comprises organic acid mediums (such as hydrocyanic acid, acrylonitrile waste water and the like), alkaline mediums (such as sodium hydroxide) and alkaline salt mediums (such as sodium carbonate). Under normal conditions, although the organic acid medium can be quickly burnt and decomposed at high temperature, certain acid gas mist exists; the sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the flue gas to generate sodium carbonate; the alkaline salt (sodium carbonate) does not decompose during incineration, is in a molten state at high temperature, and crystals (sodium carbonate) below 760 ℃ are finally discharged as ash from the bag filter. Caustic alkali and caustic salt have an alumina eating phenomenon at high temperature, and as one main component of the refractory material is alumina, the molten caustic salt permeates into the refractory material to destroy the alumina structure, so that the refractory material is ineffective. In general, the high-alumina refractory material has higher strength, better thermal shock resistance and scouring resistance, stronger acid corrosion resistance, and worst alkaline corrosion resistance; low aluminum materials are the opposite. According to the conditions, a plurality of refractory materials can be combined and matched to adapt to different conditions of each section of the waste water furnace. Corundum castable (containing more than 92% of alumina) is adopted in a high-temperature combustion zone without sodium salt and is used for resisting high-temperature and acidic atmosphere; the reduction section and the oxidation section are made of mullite refractory materials with alumina content of about 60% -65%, and the refractory materials have stable structure and moderate aluminum content, and have better heat shock resistance and hot flushing resistance as well as caustic soda and acidic substances resistance. At present, the waste water furnace still has the problem of alkaline salt corrosion, and the phenomena of bubbles, looseness, peeling and the like appear on the surface of the refractory material in the reduction-oxidation section due to corrosion. This phenomenon is more severe in the turning areas of the vertical reduction section and the horizontal oxidation section, and the flue gas is blocked in this area to turn around, so that relatively more molten sodium salt stays in this area, and this corrosion is relatively severe. The problem is not solved well, and the refractory material in the area needs to be replaced after being used for 3-4 years, but practice shows that refractory bricks with tight structure and smaller porosity are better than castable materials made of the same material in the condition of corrosion caused by sodium infiltration resistance.

As shown in fig. 1, the incineration principle of the current incineration system is as follows: in general, whether or not the organic waste can be completely burned and decomposed depends on three factors of furnace temperature, oxygen supply amount in the furnace and residence time of the materials in the furnace. The higher the temperature, the more sufficient the oxygen supply and the longer the residence time, the more sufficient the organic waste will decompose, but the opposite is true for inhibiting the production of NOx, avoiding secondary pollution. The greater the probability of NOx formation with increasing temperature, the greater the probability of NOx formation when the combustion temperature is above 1100 ℃ which results in significant NOx production, and if the temperature is above 1500 ℃; as the oxygen supply increases and the residence time increases, the probability of combining nitrogen in the air and nitrogen and oxygen in the waste liquid will increase simultaneously, fundamentally resulting in a large amount of NOx. Therefore, the selection of the proper combustion temperature, oxygen supply and residence time is important for the complete incineration of organic waste and for the reduction of the probability of NOx production, and is also critical to the incineration technology. The current incineration technology employs a multi-stage combustion and reduction-oxidation technology. The multistage combustion divides the combustion process into a plurality of sections, and oxygen is supplied according to the combustion requirement of each section, so that each section can be fully combusted, but not enriched in oxygen, and the generation of NOx is effectively inhibited. Of course, oxygen is supplied from any place, and the amount of oxygen supplied from each place is a proprietary technology of the burner suppliers and is obtained through analysis of combustion tests.

The reduction-oxidation technology divides the incineration process of wastewater into two sections, namely reduction and oxidation. In the reduction zone, the organic matters in the wastewater burn at high temperature (over 1100 ℃), but the oxygen supply is less, and the retention time is shorter in an oxygen-deficient combustion atmosphere. This allows for the decomposition of a large portion of the organics at higher temperatures with less chance of combining nitrogen with oxygen in the air and material due to the lack of oxygen and short residence time. In the oxidation zone, the oxidation zone is in an oxygen-rich state due to the replenishment of the oxidizing air. The organic substances which are not completely decomposed in the high-temperature flue gas are further combusted in an oxygen-enriched state, and organic wastes can be opportunistically completely decomposed due to relatively long residence time. Although in this region in the oxygen-rich and long residence time combustion regime, no significant NOx production is caused due to the combustion temperatures significantly below 1100 ℃. SNCR is the reduction of NO in incineration technology _X And a post-treatment means is provided for reducing-oxygenIf NO under the premise that the chemical section fully decomposes organic matters _X The content exceeds the requirement of environmental protection standard, and the standard is required to be achieved through SNCR.

As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural view of the incinerator in the incineration system of fig. 1, fig. 2 includes: the device comprises a first waste water spray gun-21, a secondary combustion air inlet-22, a second waste water spray gun-23, a conical head-24, a conical head backing-25, a conical head casting material-26, a brick supporting plate-27, an expansion joint-28, a first steel shell-29, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber brick-30, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber backing-31, a primary oxidation zone stay chamber brick-32, a furnace bottom casting material-33, supporting section steel-34, a primary oxidation section brick-35, an oxidation section combustion air inlet-36, a diffusion section casting material-37, a waste water combustion air inlet-38, a third waste water spray gun-39, a primary reduction section-k, a primary mixing chamber-l, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber-m, a primary oxidation zone stay chamber-n and a primary oxidation section-o; in connection with fig. 1-2, the current incinerator mainly has the following problems:

(1) The lining at the conical shell at the top of the incinerator body adopts castable and anchor bricks (conical head castable 27), the integrity is poor, the refractory material is fixed on the conical steel shell by the anchor bricks and is borne by the conical steel shell, and under the high-temperature state in operation, the castable and the anchor bricks have thermal expansion difference, and the castable and the steel shell also have thermal expansion difference, so that the castable and the anchor bricks generate great thermal stress and internal stress due to the coordination of deformation caused by the thermal expansion difference, and are easy to fall off at high temperature for a long time, thereby causing accidents.

(2) In the lower part of the vertical reduction section, there is a serious problem of corrosion of the refractory material by alkaline salts. In particular, the turning areas of the vertical reduction section and the horizontal oxidation section (turning areas of the retention chamber n of the oxidation section of the prior art) are more serious, and the flue gas is blocked in the turning areas, so that relatively more molten sodium salt stays in the turning areas, and the corrosion is relatively serious. In the refractory material in the reduction-oxidation section, bubbles, looseness, skinning and gradual peeling from inside to outside appear on the surface due to corrosion of alkaline salt, the thickness of the refractory brick is gradually thinned, the temperature of the steel shell of the outer wall is increased, and the heat dissipation loss is increased.

(3) In the prior refractory brick technology, the surface of the brick is smooth, air flows through the smooth surface of the brick, and fine particles of fine molten alkaline salt wrapped in smoke are easy to adhere, wet and permeate on the surface of the brick, so that the alkaline salt and aluminum in the refractory brick are subjected to serious chemical reaction corrosion.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas, so as to solve the problems that the top liner of the existing incinerator is easy to fall off and the connection area between the vertical reduction section and the horizontal oxidation section is easy to generate corrosion, effectively reduce accident rate, reduce heat dissipation loss, improve thermal efficiency and prolong the service life of the incinerator.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an incinerator for waste liquid or exhaust gas, including: the incinerator body comprises an oxidation zone retention chamber positioned in the middle, the oxidation zone retention chamber sequentially comprises a contraction section, a throat section and a diffusion section, the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body on the contraction section gradually decreases along the direction facing the throat section, and the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body on the diffusion section gradually increases along the direction facing away from the throat section; a plurality of refractory bricks disposed at least on an inner wall of the oxidation zone retention chamber; a plurality of interfering fluids disposed on the refractory bricks.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the turbulence body has a fish head end and a fish tail end at opposite ends, the fish head end being located at an end of the turbulence body facing in the direction of fluid flow in the incinerator body, the fish tail end being located at an end of the turbulence body facing in the direction of fluid flow in the incinerator body, the fish head end having a volume greater than the volume of the fish tail end.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the projections of the turbulence bodies on the refractory bricks are elliptical or diamond-shaped.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the throat section comprises a straight section extending in a straight line and a turning section extending in a curved line; the contraction section, the straight section, the steering section and the diffusion section are sequentially connected to form a Venturi effect section; the refractory brick comprises a plurality of contraction section disturbing body bricks arranged on the inner wall of the contraction section, a plurality of straight section disturbing body bricks arranged on the inner wall of the straight section, a plurality of turning section disturbing body bricks arranged on the inner wall of the turning section and a diffusion section disturbing body brick arranged on the inner wall of the diffusion section.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incinerator body sequentially comprises a reduction section and an oxidation section from an inlet to an outlet, the reduction section sequentially comprises a mixing chamber, a combustion zone reduction chamber and an oxidation zone retention chamber, the combustion zone reduction chamber is connected with the contraction section, and the diffusion section is connected with the oxidation section; the refractory brick comprises a plurality of reduction section bricks arranged on the inner wall of the reduction section and a plurality of oxidation section bricks arranged on the oxidation section.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incinerator body has a spherical head at one end of the mixing chamber.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the refractory bricks are arranged on the inner walls of the mixing chamber, the combustion zone reduction chamber, the oxidation zone stay chamber and the oxidation section, a plurality of annular brick supporting plates are arranged on the inner wall of the incinerator body at intervals, each section of refractory bricks are born on the corresponding brick supporting plate, and expansion joints are arranged between the brick supporting plates and the refractory bricks on the non-bearing side.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional areas of the constriction and the diffusion are varied non-linearly.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incinerator body comprises a second steel shell and a backing arranged inside the second steel shell, and the refractory bricks are arranged on the backing.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the incinerator body further comprises a first waste water spray gun, a secondary combustion air inlet and a second waste water spray gun at one end of the mixing chamber; the incinerator body is provided with a waste water combustion-supporting air inlet and a third waste water spray gun on the combustion zone retention chamber; the incinerator body is further provided with an oxidation section combustion air inlet at one end of the oxidation section.

The incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas according to the embodiment of the invention can achieve the following technical effects: (1) The refractory material of the mixed chamber adopts refractory bricks to replace the original castable and the anchor bricks, the refractory bricks are mutually supported to form a self-supporting structure integrally, an expansion gap exists between the refractory bricks and the steel shell, and the refractory bricks and the steel shell can be freely expanded when heated at a high temperature state, so that thermal stress and internal stress generated by deformation coordination can not exist; (2) The retention chamber of the oxidation zone adopts a shrinkage and expansion structure, the flow rate of the flue gas in the retention chamber of the oxidation zone is improved according to the Venturi effect, namely the flow rate of the flue gas in the conversion zone from the reduction zone to the oxidation zone is improved, the retention time and concentration of molten sodium salt particles in the zone are reduced, the deposition of the molten sodium salt particles on the surface of the brick is effectively reduced, and the corrosion effect is reduced; (3) The disturbing fluid is arranged on the refractory brick of the retention chamber in the oxidation area and is used for disturbing the smoke adhesion surface layer passing through the surface of the refractory brick, so that the adhesion, wetting and permeation of fine particles of molten alkaline salt wrapped in the smoke on the surface of the refractory brick are greatly reduced, and the chemical reaction corrosion of the alkaline salt and aluminum in the refractory brick is effectively reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an incineration system according to the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of an incinerator according to the prior art;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an incinerator for waste liquid or exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a refractory block with a fishback fluid according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a refractory brick with two fishback interfering fluids according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a refractory brick with three ridge-back turbulence bodies in an inverted triangular arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a refractory brick with three ridge-back turbulence bodies in a regular triangular arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a refractory block having an elliptical disturbance fluid thereon according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a refractory block with a diamond-shaped turbulence body thereon according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow field disturbance of a disturbance fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic flow field illustration of a smooth surface of a refractory block.

Reference numerals illustrate:

the device comprises an acetonitrile waste water spray gun-1, an acrylonitrile waste water spray gun-2, a crude acetonitrile waste water spray gun-3, a hydrocyanic acid spray gun-4, a primary air inlet-5, a main burner-6, a secondary air inlet-7, a waste water combustion air inlet-8, an incineration reduction section-9, an oxidation air inlet-10, an incineration oxidation section-11, an SNCR section-12, an ammonia water spray gun-13, a cooling water spray gun-14, a circulating flue gas inlet-15, a chilling section-16, a waste heat boiler-17, a bag type dust collector-18, a chimney-19 and an induced draft fan-20;

the device comprises a first waste water spray gun-21, a secondary combustion air inlet-22, a second waste water spray gun-23, a conical head-24, a conical head backing-25, a conical head casting material-26, a brick supporting plate-27, an expansion joint-28, a first steel shell-29, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber brick-30, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber backing-31, a primary oxidation zone stay chamber brick-32, a furnace bottom casting material-33, supporting section steel-34, a primary oxidation section brick-35, an oxidation section combustion air inlet-36, a diffusion section casting material-37, a waste water combustion air inlet-38, a third waste water spray gun-39, a primary reduction section-k, a primary mixing chamber-l, a primary combustion zone reduction chamber-m, a primary oxidation zone stay chamber-n and a primary oxidation section-o;

the device comprises a spherical head steel shell-40, a spherical head backing-41, a spherical head brick-42, a second steel shell-43, a combustion zone reduction chamber brick-44, a combustion zone reduction chamber backing-45, a contraction section steel shell-46, a contraction section disturbing body brick-47, a straight section steel shell-48, a straight section disturbing body brick-49, a turning section steel shell-50, a turning section disturbing body brick-51, an oxidation section steel shell-52, an oxidation section brick-53, a diffusion section disturbing body brick-54, a diffusion section steel shell-55, an incinerator body-56, a disturbing body-57, a fish head end-58, a fish tail end-59, refractory bricks-60, a reduction section-a, a mixing chamber-d, a combustion zone reduction chamber-c, an oxidation zone retention chamber-b, a throat section-e, a contraction section-f, a turning section-g, a straight section-h, a diffusion section-i, an oxidation section-j, a venturi effect section-p and a fluid direction-z.

Detailed Description

The description of the embodiments of this specification should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a complete description of the embodiments. In the drawings, the shape or thickness of the embodiments may be enlarged and indicated simply or conveniently. Furthermore, portions of the structures in the drawings will be described in terms of separate descriptions, and it should be noted that elements not shown or described in the drawings are in a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Any references to directions and orientations in the description of the embodiments herein are for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. The following description of the preferred embodiments will refer to combinations of features, which may be present alone or in combination, and the invention is not particularly limited to the preferred embodiments. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, which are schematic structural views of an incinerator for waste liquid or exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention, the incinerator for waste liquid or exhaust gas includes an incinerator body 56, refractory bricks 60 disposed on an inner wall of the incinerator body 56, and turbulence bodies 57 disposed on the refractory bricks 60. The incinerator body 56 is an L-shaped vertical-horizontal incinerator, and fluid enters from the top end of the vertical portion in the direction z. Along the direction of fluid entry, the incinerator body 56 comprises, in sequence, a reduction section a and an oxidation section j, the reduction section a comprises, in sequence, a mixing chamber d, a combustion zone reduction chamber c and an oxidation zone retention chamber b, the oxidation zone retention chamber b comprises, in sequence, a contraction section f, a throat section e and a diffusion section i, and the throat section e comprises, in sequence, a straight section h extending in a straight line and a turning section g extending in a curved line. That is, the mixing chamber d, the combustion zone reduction chamber c, the contraction section f, the straight section h, the turning section g, the diffusion section i, and the oxidation section j are connected in this order. Meanwhile, the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body 56 gradually decreases in the direction toward the throat section e on the contraction section f, and the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body 56 gradually increases in the direction away from the throat section e on the diffusion section i, whereby the contraction section f, the straight section h, the turning section g and the diffusion section i are sequentially connected to constitute a venturi effect section p.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, in the present embodiment, the number of refractory bricks 60 is several, and the refractory bricks 60 are provided on the inner wall of the incinerator body 56. Refractory bricks 60 include spherical head bricks 42 disposed in mixing chamber d, combustion zone reduction chamber bricks 44 disposed in combustion zone reduction chamber c inner wall, contraction zone interfering body bricks 47 disposed in contraction zone f inner wall, straight zone interfering body bricks 49 disposed in straight zone h inner wall, turning zone interfering body bricks 51 disposed in turning zone g inner wall, diffusion zone interfering body bricks 54 disposed in diffusion zone i inner wall, and oxidation zone bricks 53 disposed in oxidation zone j. Wherein the refractory bricks 60 disposed on the oxidation zone retention chamber b also have a disturbing fluid 57 thereon, and the refractory bricks 57 on the remaining portions (including the mixing chamber d, the combustion zone reduction chamber c, and the oxidation zone j) may or may not have a disturbing fluid 57 (preferably). The plurality of refractory bricks 60 may be arranged in the same or different manner in each segment, and the alternative arrangement may be an array type aligned arrangement or a staggered arrangement (for example, fig. 10).

As shown in fig. 4-11, in the present embodiment, the turbulence body 57 includes at least three forms, which are respectively a herringbone shape (fig. 4-7), an oval shape (fig. 8) and a diamond shape (fig. 9), and it should be noted that the turbulence body 57 is described as a herringbone shape, an oval shape and a diamond shape, and is understood to be a projection shape thereof on the refractory bricks 60. The number of the disturbing fluid 57 provided on each refractory brick 60 is not limited, and may be one, two, three or more, for example, if two, they may be arranged in an up-down alignment, for example, if three, they may be arranged in a regular triangle or an inverted triangle. The interfering fluid 57 and the refractory bricks 60 may be integrally formed or may be formed separately. In general, interfering body 57 interferes with the smoke boundary layer (also known as the boundary layer or stagnant layer) on the surface of refractory brick 60, so that the adhesion, wetting and penetration of fine particles of molten alkaline salt entrained in the smoke to the surface of refractory brick 60 is greatly reduced, and the chemical reaction corrosion of the alkaline salt and aluminum in the refractory brick is effectively reduced. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Improving the fluid flow conditions, disturbing body 57 has a disturbing effect on the flue gas fluid, which can increase the reynolds number of the fluid. The turbulence effect is increased, the surface layer of the fluid on the surface of the refractory brick 60 is destroyed, so that the corrosive environment that the flue gas stably flows on the surface of the refractory brick 60 is not existed, the contact of the flue gas and the surface of the refractory brick 60 is in a turbulence state, and the corrosion opportunity is greatly reduced. At the same time, the effective erosion time of the flue gas adhering to the surface of the refractory bricks 60 is reduced. Disturbing body 57 causes the flue gas fluid to form a turbulent flow at the local protruding part (i.e. each disturbing body 57 part) of the inner wall of the furnace brick, changes the stable flow of flue gas medium, particularly changes the macroscopic flow state of the fluid in the boundary layer at the wall of the furnace brick, reduces the thickness of the boundary layer, greatly reduces the probability of alkaline salt micro-clusters in a molten state suspended in the flue gas to land on the surface of the brick, wet and permeate, and further generates chemical reaction which corrodes the furnace brick, and for the flue gas fluid containing liquid particles or easily generating precipitable substances, the disturbing body 57 can further reduce the possibility of scaling.

(2) The turbulence of the turbulence fluid 57 reduces the laminar layer thickness of the boundary layer of the refractory block 60, reducing the concentration of flue gas adhering to the surface of the refractory block 60.

(3) The erosion caused by the deposition of flue gas fly ash microparticles on the surface of refractory block 60 is reduced.

(4) The disturbing fluid 57 is continuously worn and thinned (including corrosion skinning, flaking, etc.), and the molten state tiny ash particles are continuously adhered to the disturbing fluid 57, and the continuous iteration is carried out, so that the long-term existence of the disturbing fluid 57 is maintained.

In addition, the turbulence body 57 is preferably a fish-back shape, the fish-back shape turbulence body 57 has a fish head end 58 and a fish tail end 59 at opposite ends, the fish head end 58 is positioned at one end of the turbulence body 57 facing the flow direction z of the fluid in the incinerator body 56, the fish tail end 59 is positioned at one end of the turbulence body 57 facing the flow direction z, and the volume of the fish head end 58 is larger than the volume of the fish tail end 59. The reinforced disturbing body with big head and small tail is streamline, the big head can effectively increase the turbulence of fluid, the small tail can avoid vortex dead zone at the tail, and local corrosion is prevented. Further, the streamline reinforced interfering body has a round head facing the fluid direction and a pointed tail facing the fluid direction. The triangular pyramid-shaped enhanced heat transfer element has a pointed portion facing in the fluid direction and a broad head portion facing in the fluid direction.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the venturi effect section p is embodied as a reduced and expanded diameter structure of the oxidation zone retention chamber b, and the flow rate increases due to the reduction in the flow area when the fluid enters the oxidation zone retention chamber b from the combustion zone reduction chamber c according to the venturi effect. Therefore, the incinerator of the embodiment can improve the flow rate of flue gas in the turning areas of the vertical reduction section and the horizontal oxidation section, reduce the residence time and concentration of molten sodium salt particles in the turning areas, effectively reduce the probability and degree of sodium salt corrosion deposited on the surface of the brick, and improve the service life of the refractory brick layer.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, in the present embodiment, the provision of the turbulence body 57 and the venturi effect section p in the oxidation zone retention chamber b is advantageous in that the effects of reducing corrosion, scaling, and prolonging the life and reducing the heat dissipation loss are achieved by the combined action on the microscopic (turbulence characteristics of the turbulence body 57) and macroscopic (venturi effect to increase the flow rate). Specifically, macroscopically, the completed disturbance fluid 57 and corresponding refractory bricks 60 form an array, exhibiting an overall disturbance field. The turbulent flow is formed at the local protruding part (the turbulent flow body 57) of the furnace wall by the flue gas fluid, so that the stable flow of flue gas media is changed, particularly the flow state of the fluid in the boundary layer of the furnace brick wall is changed, the thickness of the boundary layer is reduced, and the possibility of forming a dirt layer on the furnace brick wall is slowed down or eliminated. Meanwhile, the array arrangement of the refractory bricks 60 enhances the continuity and transmissibility of disturbance, and forms a flow field of full-area disturbance. A streamlined intensified turbulent fluid 57, a round head facing the fluid direction, and a pointed tail along the fluid direction; the triangular pyramid-shaped enhanced heat transfer element has a pointed portion facing in the fluid direction and a broad head portion facing in the fluid direction. For fluids containing solid particles or readily precipitable substances, adding this shape of the reinforcing fluid 57 may further reduce the potential for scaling. The flow field created by the flow of flue gas through the disturbing fluid 57 differs significantly from the flow field created by the flow of flue gas through the smooth tile surface. The former has strong turbulence and the latter is smooth. The integral flow disturbance field is formed, so that the integral flow field in the area has an interactive flow disturbance effect, a boundary layer is destroyed, turbulence is increased, and chemical reaction corrosion of the alkaline salt in the whole area and aluminum in the refractory bricks is effectively reduced; thus, the thickness increasing speed of a dense alkali metal cladding layer (corrosion layer) which is generated by corrosion and covers the working surface of the furnace brick is effectively delayed, the thickness accumulation of the corrosion layer is delayed to a certain extent, and the refractory brick is peeled off in a large area after the thermal stress reaches a critical value due to the fact that the corrosion layer is larger than the expansion coefficient of the furnace brick, so that the service lives of the refractory brick 60 and the whole equipment are greatly prolonged, the heat dissipation loss is reduced, the thermal efficiency of the system is improved, and the energy conservation and the emission reduction are further realized.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in this embodiment, the turning section g is streamlined, unlike the right-angle turning section in fig. 2, the streamlined turning structure is more beneficial to flue gas transition, and as can be seen in fig. 2, the current right-angle turning area (area above the castable bottom 33) also has a groove-like structure, which not only facilitates the deposition of flue gas, but also is unfavorable for the passage of flue gas. In this embodiment, the curved streamline turning section g makes the flue gas more smoothly turn and enter the oxidation area under the acceleration of the venturi effect, so as to avoid the deposition of flue gas particles in the turning area. In addition, since the radial dimensions of the diffusion section i and the oxidation section j are larger than the turn section g, a plurality of support section steels 34 may be provided below the turn section g for support to compensate for the height difference.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the incinerator body 56 has a spherical head steel shell 40 at one end of the mixing chamber d. Compared with the conical sealing head 24 in the prior art, the conical sealing head 24 is small in strength and rigidity, easy to deform and weak in bearing capacity, the top of the incinerator is provided with a conical steel shell, the steel shell and the lining are not good in stress, the lining is easy to fall off, and even the steel shell is burnt out when serious, so that a parking accident is caused. The seal head of the embodiment is a spherical seal head, has high strength and rigidity, is not easy to deform, has high bearing capacity and can effectively reduce the accident rate. It should be noted that the spherical head steel shell 40 is understood to be a curved head opposite to the right-angle or conical head 24, and is not limited to a spherical head, but may be an elliptical head, or the like.

As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, a plurality of annular brick supporting plates 27 are provided at intervals on the inner wall of the incinerator body 56, and each segment of refractory bricks 60 is carried on the corresponding brick supporting plate 27. For example, in this embodiment, there are four brick supporting plates 27 between the mixing chamber d and the combustion zone reduction chamber c, the middle of the combustion zone reduction chamber c, between the combustion zone reduction chamber c and the contraction section f, and between the contraction section f and the straight section h, respectively. The brick supporting plates 27 are used for bearing a plurality of refractory bricks 60 positioned above the brick supporting plates, and gaps are reserved below (namely, on the non-bearing side) of each brick supporting plate 27, namely, the expansion gaps 28 are reserved, the number and the positions of the expansion gaps 28 are in one-to-one correspondence with the brick supporting plates 27, and preferably, ceramic fiber carpets and the like can be filled in the expansion gaps 28. When running at high temperature, the refractory bricks 60 are heated and expanded, and a plurality of refractory bricks 60 between every two brick supporting plates 27 realize expansion buffering through corresponding expansion gaps 28, so that abnormal thermal stress and internal stress are avoided.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the incinerator body 56 includes a second steel case 43 and a backing provided inside the second steel case 43. The second steel shell 43 includes, but is not limited to, a shrink section steel shell 46, a straight section steel shell 48, a turn section steel shell 50, a diffuser section steel shell 55, and an oxide section steel shell 52. Such backings include, but are not limited to, spherical head steel shell backings 41 and combustion zone reduction bore backings 45. Of course, it is preferred that the incinerator body 56 be entirely of steel shell-to-backing (outside-in) construction, in which case the refractory bricks 60 are disposed on the backing. The refractory bricks 60 are disposed on the backing, the thermal expansion of the refractory bricks 60 and the steel shell are independent when operating at high temperature, and the refractory bricks 60 cushion expansion through the expansion joints 28 without causing accidents due to the difference in thermal expansion of the refractory bricks 60 and the steel shell.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the cross-sectional areas of the contraction section f and the diffusion section i may change linearly or non-linearly, and at the same time, the cross-sectional area of the spherical head steel shell 40 also changes non-linearly. Thereby, the passage of the flue gas is facilitated.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the incinerator body 56 further has a first waste water spray gun 21, a secondary combustion air inlet 22, and a second waste water spray gun 23 at the end where the mixing chamber d is located. The incinerator body 56 further has a waste water combustion air inlet 38 and a third waste water spray gun 39 on the combustion zone retention chamber c. The incinerator body 56 also has an oxidation stage combustion air inlet 36 at the end where the oxidation stage j is located. According to the above arrangement, the incinerator for waste liquid or exhaust gas of the present embodiment can be applied to the incineration system as shown in fig. 1, and particularly can be applied to the incineration scene of acrylonitrile waste liquid.

In addition, those skilled in the art can directly and unambiguously determine that the present application may also be applied to other similar devices related to flue gas corrosion, such as an exhaust gas incinerator, a flame heating furnace, a boiler, a waste heat boiler, etc., and obtain the technical effects, and this embodiment is not described herein in detail.

In summary, the incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas solves the problems of poor stress, poor rigidity and easy deformation under the condition that the top of the incinerator is a conical steel shell; the problem that the top lining is easy to fall off due to the adoption of casting materials is solved, and the accident of burning through and falling of the lining is greatly reduced; the problems of corrosion in the steering areas of the vertical reduction section and the horizontal oxidation section are solved, the overall flow rate is accelerated (structurally, a contraction section, a throat section and a diffusion section are adopted, venturi effect) and disturbance of an attached surface layer is enhanced (refractory bricks for strengthening disturbing fluid) are also enhanced, the opportunities of adhesion, wetting, permeation and corrosion of fine particles of molten alkaline salt wrapped in smoke on the surfaces of bricks are greatly reduced, and the problems that the alkaline salt and aluminum in the refractory bricks are subjected to chemical reaction to corrode refractory materials seriously, so that bubbles, looseness, peeling and the like appear on the surfaces of the refractory bricks are effectively solved. Effectively prolongs the service life of refractory materials and equipment, reduces heat dissipation loss, improves the thermal efficiency of the system, and further realizes energy conservation and emission reduction.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. An incinerator for waste or exhaust gas, characterized in that the incinerator comprises:

the incinerator body (56) comprises an oxidation zone retention chamber (b) positioned in the middle, the oxidation zone retention chamber (b) sequentially comprises a contraction section (f), a throat section (e) and a diffusion section (i), the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body (56) is gradually reduced along the direction facing the throat section (e) on the contraction section (f), and the cross-sectional area of the incinerator body (56) is gradually increased along the direction facing away from the throat section (e) on the diffusion section (i);

a plurality of refractory bricks (60) disposed at least on an inner wall of the oxidation zone retention chamber (b);

a plurality of interfering fluids (57) disposed on the refractory bricks (60).

2. Incinerator for waste or exhaust gases according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbulence body (57) has a fish head end (58) and a fish tail end (59) at opposite ends, the fish head end (58) being located at the end of the turbulence body (57) facing the flow direction (z) of the fluid in the incinerator body (56), the fish tail end (59) being located at the end of the turbulence body (57) facing the flow direction (z), the volume of the fish head end (58) being greater than the volume of the fish tail end (59).

3. Incinerator for waste or exhaust gases according to claim 1, characterized in that the projected shape of the turbulence body (57) on the refractory brick (60) comprises an oval or diamond shape.

4. Incinerator for waste liquids or gases according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the throat section (e) comprises a straight section (h) extending in a straight line and a turning section (g) extending in a curved line;

the contraction section (f), the straight section (h), the steering section (g) and the diffusion section (i) are sequentially connected to form a Venturi effect section (p);

the refractory brick (60) comprises a plurality of contraction section disturbing body bricks (47) arranged on the inner wall of the contraction section (f), a plurality of straight section disturbing body bricks (49) arranged on the inner wall of the straight section (h), a plurality of turning section disturbing body bricks (51) arranged on the inner wall of the turning section (g) and a plurality of diffusion section disturbing body bricks (54) arranged on the inner wall of the diffusion section (i);

at least one turbulence body (57) is arranged on each refractory brick (60) on the inner wall of the Venturi effect section (p).

5. Incinerator for waste liquids or gases according to claim 1, characterized in that the incinerator body (56) comprises, in succession from one end to the other, a reduction section (a) comprising, in succession, a mixing chamber (d), a combustion zone reduction chamber (c) connected to the constriction section (f), and an oxidation section (j), and an oxidation section (b), in succession, a combustion zone reduction chamber (c) connected to the oxidation section (j);

the refractory brick (60) includes a plurality of combustion zone reduction bore bricks (44) disposed on an inner wall of the combustion zone reduction bore (c) and a plurality of oxidation zone bricks (53) disposed in the oxidation zone (j).

6. Incinerator for waste liquids or gases according to claim 5, characterized in that the incinerator body (56) has a spherical head steel shell (40) at one end of the mixing chamber (d).

7. Incinerator for waste liquid or waste gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the mixing chamber (d), the combustion zone reduction chamber (c), the oxidation zone stay chamber (b) and the inner wall of the oxidation section (j) are all provided with the refractory bricks (60), the inner wall of the incinerator body (56) is provided with a plurality of annular support brick plates (27) at intervals, each section of refractory bricks (60) is borne on the corresponding support brick plate (27), and expansion joints (28) are arranged between the support brick plates (27) and the refractory bricks (60) on the non-bearing side.

8. Incinerator for waste or exhaust gases according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the cross-sectional area of the constriction (f) and the diffusion (i) varies linearly or non-linearly.

9. Incinerator for waste or exhaust gases according to claim 1, characterized in that the incinerator body (56) comprises a second steel shell (43) and a backing provided inside the second steel shell (43), on which backing the refractory bricks (60) are provided.

10. Incinerator for waste liquids or gases according to claim 5, characterized in that the incinerator body (56) also has a first waste water lance (21), a secondary combustion air inlet (22) and a second waste water lance (23) at the end where the mixing chamber (d) is located;

the incinerator body (56) is also provided with a waste water combustion-supporting air inlet (38) and a third waste water spray gun (39) on the combustion zone retention chamber (c);

the incinerator body (56) is provided with an oxidation section combustion-supporting air inlet (36) at one end where the oxidation section (j) is located;

at least one spherical head brick (42) is also arranged on the mixing chamber (d);

the refractory bricks (60) are arranged in a regular array, a staggered array or an irregular array, and the refractory bricks (60) are integrally arranged to form a whole-area turbulent flow state when fluid flows through the turbulent flow bodies (57).

Images