CN116356379A - Abnormal anode and electrolytic furnace - Google Patents

Abnormal anode and electrolytic furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116356379A
CN116356379A CN202210852085.0A CN202210852085A CN116356379A CN 116356379 A CN116356379 A CN 116356379A CN 202210852085 A CN202210852085 A CN 202210852085A CN 116356379 A CN116356379 A CN 116356379A
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anode
cathode
furnace body
cross beam
gas
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杨心伟
李雅民
何芳颂
廖军
赖心兰
吴广东
谢康伟
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Ganzhou Chenguang Rare Earths New Material Shares Co ltd
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Ganzhou Chenguang Rare Earths New Material Shares Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/36—Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The special anode and the electrolytic furnace comprise a furnace body, wherein an anode and a cathode are arranged in the furnace body, the cathode is connected to the cathode of a power supply device, the anode is symmetrically arranged relative to the cathode and is connected to the anode of the power supply device, a receiver is arranged right below the cathode, and the projection of the cathode on the bottom of the furnace body falls into the range of the receiver; the cathode is a column, and angle iron is connected to the upper part of the anode; the anode is fan-like, one surface facing the cathode is cylindrical, and the thickness is gradually thickened from the middle part to the two sides. The electrolytic furnace adopting the anode reduces the resource consumption rate of a single anode by about 33%, avoids the situation that the anode falls off in the electrolytic process, and ensures the electrolytic efficiency and quality; the electrode distance compensation mechanism is also arranged, so that the electrode distance can be automatically and dynamically compensated according to the consumption of the anode in the electrolysis process, the stability of the electrode distance is maintained, the electrolysis efficiency and quality are ensured, and the anode can be swung so as to be beneficial to electrolyte stirring and gas escape.

Description

Abnormal anode and electrolytic furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rare earth electrolysis, in particular to a special-shaped anode and an electrolytic furnace.
Background
Rare earth elements are the general names of 17 elements of lanthanide series, scandium and yttrium in the IIIB group of the periodic table, are commonly expressed by RE or REE, have unique optical, electrical, magnetic and other properties, and are important raw materials in the modern high and new technical field. The rare earth element-containing novel functional materials, electronic materials, optical materials, special alloys, organic metal compounds and the like are widely used in the high and new technical fields of electronic information, new energy, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, aerospace and the like. The Chinese rare earth mineral resources are rich, and good resource conditions are provided for developing the rare earth industry development. In the production of rare earth metals and alloys thereof, electrolysis is a common production method, and the electrolysis temperature for the production of rare earth metals and alloys thereof is typically above about 900 ℃.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a cathode 3 and an anode 2 are arranged in a furnace body, the cathode is connected to the cathode of a power supply device, the anode is connected to the anode of the power supply device, the interval between the cathode and the anode is the pole pitch, molten salt undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction in an electric field, and metal cations are obtained at the cathodeThe electrons form a liquid metal. The anode is made of graphite, the graphite is a good electric conductor and is soft in texture, the top of the anode is fixedly connected with angle iron 6, so that the anode is suspended in a furnace body, the cathode is columnar, the anode is circular with a central angle smaller than 180 degrees, according to redox reaction accompanied in electrolysis, the anode is used as a consumable product, under the liquid level h, one surface facing the cathode is gradually consumed, the polar distance is gradually increased, the electrolysis rate is reduced, more importantly, the thickness of the anode is gradually thinned along with deep electrolysis, and the anode needs to be replaced when the anode is not completely consumed, as shown in the figure 1, and the side line L is formed by 1 The anode is not consumed before electrolysis, the side line L 2 The side line L is the state when the anode is replaced 1 Line L of edge 2 The spacing between the anodes, i.e. the portion of increased pole pitch, is such that the anode remains unusable.
The reason for this analysis is that: referring to fig. 2, the anode is in a circular shape, the gravity center of the anode may not be located on the anode, and the gravity G of the anode generates a great moment on the connection part of the anode and the angle iron 6, and in addition, the anode has stirring action on electrolyte liquid in the electrolysis process, and according to the interaction principle of force, the electrolyte liquid has resistance to the anode and the resistance has a great moment on the connection part; as the anode becomes thinner as it is consumed, its mechanical strength is insufficient to support it for stability, with the risk of dropping. Therefore, the anode needs to be taken out for replacement after being consumed to a given thickness, but this not only results in lower actual utilization of the anode, but also compresses the operating time of the furnace body.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems set forth in the background art, the present invention provides a profiled anode and an electrolytic furnace, and the present invention is further described below.
The top of the special-shaped anode is connected with angle iron, the section of the special-shaped anode is of a fan-like structure, one surface of the special-shaped anode facing the cathode is a cylindrical surface, and the thickness of the special-shaped anode gradually increases from the middle to two sides.
Furthermore, the anode is also cylindrical on the surface facing away from the cathode, and the curvature of the anode is smaller than that of the cylindrical surface facing the cathode, so that the anode is convenient to process and manufacture.
Optionally, the circle center O of the cylindrical surface facing away from the cathode 2 The intersection of the second back curve of the other unrefined anode, which is symmetrical with respect to the cathode, with the central axis of symmetry of the anode, or,
cylinder center O facing away from cathode 2 Is the intersection point of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the furnace body.
The invention also provides an electrolytic furnace with the special-shaped anode, which comprises a furnace body, wherein the anode and the cathode are arranged in the furnace body, the cathode is connected to the cathode of the power supply device, the anode is symmetrically arranged about the cathode and is connected to the anode of the power supply device, a receiver is arranged right below the cathode, and the projection of the cathode on the bottom of the furnace body falls into the range of the receiver; the cathode is a cylinder.
Further, the device also comprises a pole distance compensation mechanism, wherein the pole distance compensation mechanism comprises:
the lower part of the cross beam is provided with a chute, a sliding block is arranged in the chute, angle irons are connected to the sliding block, and the cross beam extends from the top outside the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body;
the hanging bracket is used for connecting the cross beam to the lifting device;
the end seat is arranged outside the electrolytic furnace, one end of the cross beam is connected in the end seat, and the end seat and the hanging ring are lifted synchronously;
the pressure sensor is internally arranged at the top of the end seat and is used for dynamically changing the moment of the cross beam;
the mounting plate is arranged outside the electrolytic furnace, a screw is arranged on the mounting plate, a movable seat is cooperatively arranged on the screw, and the anode is connected to the movable seat through a connecting rod;
and the first motor is used for driving the screw rod to rotate according to the variation value obtained by the pressure sensor, compensating the displacement variation of the polar distance and maintaining the polar distance to be stable.
Further, the screw is connected to the output of the speed change gear box, and the first motor is connected to the input of the speed change gear box, so that the effect of amplifying the small displacement of the polar distance to the number of rotation cycles which can be accurately controlled by the first motor is achieved.
Further, the fluctuation of the pressure value is approximately proportional to the polar distance value, and the feedback control is easy.
Further, the angle bar rotates to be connected on the slider, still includes:
a pivot arranged on the movable seat;
the swinging disc is coaxially arranged on the pivot and swings back and forth with small amplitude by taking the pivot as an axis under the driving of the driving device;
two equal-length connecting rods are respectively connected with angle irons and the swinging discs on two sides of the anode, and four pivot points of the two equal-length connecting rods, the angle irons and the swinging discs form a parallelogram;
the connecting rod drives the anode to swing reciprocally, so that the liquid electrolyte is stirred to a certain extent, electrolyte flow and gas escape are facilitated, and more importantly, the gas is not easy to adhere to the anode, and the anode effect is reduced to the minimum.
Further, a cavity is arranged on the swinging disc, and the driving device for driving the swinging disc to swing comprises:
the second motor is fixed on the mounting plate;
the eccentric cam is connected to the output of the second motor and positioned in the cavity, and the eccentric cam is in contact with the wall of the cavity;
when the second motor drives the eccentric cam to rotate, the eccentric cam drives the oscillating disc to oscillate reciprocally through the action of the eccentric cam and the cavity wall.
Further, the mounting plate is connected to the cross beam through a hanging rod, and the mounting plate and the cross beam are lifted synchronously; the anode has the effects that the anode distance is dynamically compensated in the electrolysis process, and the anode rises synchronously with the cross beam when the anode needs to be replaced, and can be pulled out of the furnace body when the anode is exposed out of the furnace body, so that the anode can be replaced outside the furnace body.
Further, a gas collecting hood is connected to the cathode, the gas collecting hood is located above the electrolyte liquid level, the top of the gas collecting hood is connected with a gas outlet pipeline, the top of the electrolytic furnace is provided with a gas knife pipe, the gas spraying direction of the gas knife pipe faces the anode, and protective gas is sprayed to the anode; and an induced draft fan is arranged on the air outlet pipeline and used for forming negative pressure in the gas collecting hood.
Further, the gas collecting hood is in a horn shape with a large lower part and a small upper part, and has the functions of increasing the interval between the gas collecting hood and the wall of the electrolytic furnace at the top, providing the installation space of components, expanding the coverage area of gas at the bottom and facilitating the discharge of generated waste gas;
further, the discharging direction of the material distribution opening faces the gas collecting hood, raw materials are continuously supplemented into the electrolytic furnace through the material distribution opening, the feeding amount of the material is matched with the electrolytic reaction rate every time, the effect is to maintain that the relative fluctuation of the electrolyte liquid level is small, the raw materials are contacted with the gas collecting hood firstly through free falling body movement after discharged from the material distribution opening, the horn mouth-shaped shape of the gas collecting hood has the speed reducing and guiding effects on the raw materials, and the purpose is to reduce the speed of the raw materials falling into the electrolyte and avoid the large fluctuation and splashing of the electrolyte liquid level.
Further, the air knife tube is fixed on the cross beam, and the air injection direction of the air knife tube and one surface of the anode, which faces the cathode, form an acute angle; the purpose is to lengthen the acting distance between the protective gas and the surface of the anode and reduce the acting force acting perpendicularly to the surface of the anode.
Further, the position of the hanger on the cross beam satisfies: the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube on the hanger fulcrum is equal to the moment of the suspender on the hanger fulcrum; the effect is to make the value change of the pressure sensor directly react to the consumption of the anode.
Further, the cathode is connected to the suspension system, and the receiving area of the receiver is close to the cross-sectional area of the cathode; the purpose is that when the molten metal is required to be extracted, the side of the suspension system moves to the side to enable the receiver and the cathode to be misplaced, and the receiver is provided with a part exposed out of the cathode and is used as a siphon pipe to move downwards to enter the required space of the receiver.
Preferably, a clearance groove is formed at the bottom edge of the gas collecting hood, and is used for moving the gas collecting hood to one side by the suspension system; the purpose of this arrangement is to increase the coverage area of the gas-collecting channel as much as possible, while maintaining the space required for the downward movement of the siphon.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the electrolytic furnace adopting the anode of the invention reduces the resource consumption rate of a single anode by about 33%, avoids the situation that the anode falls off in the electrolytic process, and ensures the electrolytic efficiency and quality; the electrolytic furnace is also provided with a polar distance compensation mechanism, so that the polar distance can be automatically and dynamically compensated according to the consumption of the anode in the electrolytic process, the polar distance is maintained stable, the electrolytic efficiency and quality are ensured, and the anode can be swung so as to be beneficial to electrolyte stirring and gas escape.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic illustration of anode symmetrical arrangement with respect to cathode in the prior art;
fig. 2: a schematic cross-sectional view of anode consumption in the prior art;
fig. 3: a schematic view of the structure of the anode of example 1, the anode being symmetrically disposed about the cathode;
fig. 4: a schematic view of the structure of the anode of example 2, the anode being symmetrically disposed about the cathode;
fig. 5: the final consumption condition of the anode electrolysis is schematically shown;
fig. 6: the structure schematic diagram of the electrolytic furnace is shown in the specification;
fig. 7: a connection schematic diagram of the anode and the polar distance compensation mechanism;
fig. 8: a dislocation effect diagram of the cathode and the siphon pipe;
in the figure: furnace body 1, anode 2, cathode 3, receiver 4, siphon tube 5, angle iron 6, crossbeam 7, hanger 8, end seat 9, pressure sensor 10, mounting plate 11, screw 12, movable seat 13, speed change gear box 14, first motor 15, pivot 16, swing disk 17, cavity 171, connecting rod 18, second motor 19, eccentric cam 20, boom 21, cloth mouth 22, gas-collecting hood 23, avoidance groove 231, gas outlet pipe 24, gas knife pipe 25.
Detailed Description
A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-8.
Referring to fig. 3 and 6, an electrolytic furnace comprises a furnace body 1 as a structural main body, wherein an anode 2 and a cathode 3 are arranged in the furnace body 1, the cathode 3 is suspended in the middle of the furnace body, the cathode 3 is connected to the cathode of a power supply device, the cathode 3 is preferably made of high-temperature-resistant tungsten, molybdenum and other metal materials, the anode 2 is symmetrically arranged relative to the cathode 3, the anode 2 is connected to the anode of the power supply device, the anode 2 is made of graphite materials, an electric field is formed between the anode 2 and the cathode 3, the interval between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 is the polar distance, molten salt performs oxidation-reduction reaction in the electric field, and metal cations are electronically formed at the cathode 3 to form liquid metal.
The receiver 4 is arranged right below the cathode 3, liquid metal obtained at the position of the cathode 3 falls into the receiver to be collected, the liquid metal is formed on the surface of the cathode, the projection of the cathode 3 at the bottom of the furnace body 1 falls into the range of the receiver 4, the effect is that molten metal can fall into the receiver, the current extraction mode of the molten metal comprises the mode of extracting through the siphon principle of the siphon 5, and the effect is that a siphon arrangement or lifting space which is not touched with the cathode is reserved on the receiver. The edge of the receptacle 4 is higher than the bottom of the electrolytic furnace and serves to block the entry of impurity components into the receptacle.
The cathode 3 is cylindrical; the top of the anode 2 is connected with an angle iron 6, the angle iron 6 is positioned above the electrolyte liquid level during electrolysis, most of the anode 2 is immersed in the electrolyte, the section of the anode 2 is in a fan shape, and the gravity center of the anode 2 is not positioned on the anode. As mentioned in the background, the anode 2 is a consumable product, and is continuously consumed in the electrolysis process, gravity G generates a great moment on the connection part of the anode and the angle iron 6, and in the electrolysis process, the anode gradually thins, the overall structural strength is reduced, and the risk of dropping exists. To solve this technical problem, the structure of the anode 2 is creatively changed into a special-shaped structure in this embodiment, specifically: the anode 2 maintains a cylindrical surface on the side facing the cathode 3, and the thickness thereof gradually increases from the middle to both sides.
Referring to fig. 5, according to the mechanics principle, the middle part of the fan-shaped anode 2 has the greatest force arm relative to the joint with the angle iron 6, and the adverse effect on the joint is the greatest, while the anode 2 of the present embodiment has the thinnest thickness in the middle part, the gravity acting on the joint is the smallest, and the thicker the anode is nearer to the angle iron, the thicker the thickness is at the joint, and the connection stability with the angle iron is the strongest. In fact, the anode of the present embodiment exhibits a sector-like shape, which cuts down the portion S with respect to the complete sector structure 1 Is a part of the existing fan-shaped structure which has obvious adverse effect on the joint, and at the same time,during electrolysis, the uniform thickness of the face facing the cathode 3 is gradually consumed, even in the central portion S of the anode 2 Is completely consumed, two end portions S 3 Is also stably connected with angle iron, does not have the risk of falling, and cuts down the part S from the perspective of resource consumption 1 Compared with the anode resources saved in the prior art, the sector-like anode has obvious progressive effect.
The anode 2 is also cylindrical on the surface facing away from the cathode 3, and the curvature of the anode is smaller than that of the cylindrical surface facing the cathode 3, so that the anode is convenient to process and manufacture. Two examples are given below to further illustrate the structure of the anode, which two examples show top views of only the anode and cathode in the furnace, the lines described below being actually faces.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 3, a point P is selected on the first camber line 201 of the anode 2 near the angle iron 6 1 ，P 1 The thickness of the anode between the anode and the angle iron 6 is not subjected to reduction treatment, so that the connection strength with the angle iron is kept; the intersection point of the second back arc line 202 which is not thinned and is arranged on the anode and the symmetrical central axis of the anode is taken as the circle center O 2 By O 2 P 1 The length of the line segment is the radius to draw a circle, and the intersection with the anode 2 is P 1 、P 2 Arc line section P 1 P 2 Inside the anode 2.
The arc line section P 1 P 2 I.e. the cylindrical surface of anode 2 facing away from cathode 3, area S 1 I.e. the anode material that is saved relative to the sector anode.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, a point P is selected on the first camber line 201 of the anode 2 near the angle iron 6 1 ，P 1 The thickness of the anode between the anode and the angle iron 6 is not subjected to reduction treatment, so that the connection strength with the angle iron is kept; taking the intersection point of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the furnace body as the circle center O 2 By O 2 P 1 The length of the line segment is the radius to draw a circle, and the intersection with the anode 2 is P 1 、P 2 Arc line section P 1 P 2 Inside the anode 2.
The arc line section P 1 P 2 I.e. the cylindrical surface of anode 2 facing away from cathode 3, area S 1 I.e. the anode material that is saved relative to the sector anode.
By the verification, the resource consumption rate of a single anode is reduced by about 33% compared with that of the anode, the situation that the anode falls off in the electrolysis process is avoided, and the electrolysis efficiency and quality are ensured.
The anode 2 is a consumable product that is continuously consumed during electrolysis, and the anode 2 of the prior art is connected to a lifting device so as to be lifted up after anode loss to replace a new anode. However, as explained in the background, during electrolysis, the pole pitch is dynamically increased based on the gradual consumption of the anode. In order to maintain stable polar distance, the prior art adopts a mode that the lifting device is horizontally controlled in translation, the anode thickness or weight of a conventional sensor for measuring the anode cannot be directly used for the anode based on a high-temperature environment with the electrolytic stability being higher than 900 ℃, the anode consumption is obtained through the conversion of the obtained metal liquid according to the chemical relationship of the redox reaction principle in the prior art, and the polar distance change is finally fed back to the translation compensation, but the influence of impurities on the reaction is ignored, the reaction can only be corrected according to an empirical value, and the accurate compensation cannot be achieved. The embodiment is provided with a pole pitch compensation mechanism, which compensates the pole pitch according to the consumption of the anode, and maintains the pole pitch constant.
Referring to fig. 6-7, the pole pitch compensation mechanism includes a cross beam 7, a sliding groove (not shown) is arranged below the cross beam 7, the sliding groove can be a convex groove or a dovetail groove, a sliding block (not shown) is arranged in the sliding groove, and the angle iron 6 is connected to the sliding block, so that the anode has a sliding degree of freedom relative to the sliding groove; the crossbeam 7 extends from the top outside the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body, the anode 2 is connected to the crossbeam 7, the crossbeam 7 is connected to the lifting device through a hanging frame 8, one end of the crossbeam 7 outside the furnace body is connected with an end seat 9, the end part of the crossbeam 7 is positioned in the end seat 9, and the end seat 9 can also be connected to the lifting device and synchronously lifted with the hanging ring 6 so as to lift the anode to be totally exposed to the height of the furnace body.
The cross beam 7 is actually a bar lever taking the hanging frame 8 as a fulcrum, the top in the end seat 9 is provided with a pressure sensor 10 for acquiring the acting force of the cross beam 7 on the end seat 9, one end of the cross beam 7 positioned in the furnace body bears the difference value between the weight of the anode and the corner frame and the buoyancy of the electrolyte on the anode, and the other end of the cross beam 7 positioned outside the furnace body bears the reaction pressure of the end seat 9, and the moment of the two forces relative to the fulcrum is equal, so that the numerical variation of the pressure sensor 10 indirectly reflects the weight variation consumed by the anode. The cross beam 7 of the embodiment externally places the pressure sensor 10 in an external space far away from the furnace body, thereby breaking through the restriction that the conventional sensor cannot be used in an electrolysis environment.
The consumption surface of the anode 2 is mainly the surface facing the cathode 3, and the wall thickness of the anode is gradually reduced with equal thickness in the consumption process based on the fact that the surface of the anode 2 facing the cathode 3 is a cylindrical surface, namely the consumption section of the anode in a period of time is a sector. When the anode wall thickness consumes Δl, the pole pitch increases by Δl accordingly, and the anode volume decrease Δv is calculated as:
ΔV＝αhΔl(2r-Δl)/2；
where α is the central angle of the fan-shaped anode 2, r is the radius of the anode immediately before consumption, and h is the height of the anode immersed in the electrolyte.
The consumption surface of the anode is immersed in the electrolyte liquid, the electrolyte liquid is also immersed in the electrolyte liquid, and according to the general knowledge, the buoyancy is the gravity of the electrolyte liquid discharged by the electrolyte liquid, and then the calculation formula of the stress variation delta F at one end of the beam 7 in the furnace body is as follows:
ΔF＝ρ 0 gΔV-ρ 1 gΔV；
wherein ρ is 0 For anode density ρ 1 Is the density of electrolyte;
in the calculation process, Δl is based on 2 The characteristic that the value is too small and can be ignored can be simplified into:
ΔF＝αhgr(ρ 0 -ρ 1 )Δl；
it is known that the variation of the pressure value Δf can be approximately proportional to the variation of the pole pitch value Δl, and the feedback control is easy.
The furnace body is provided with a mounting plate 11 outside, a screw rod 12 is arranged in the mounting plate 11, a movable seat 13 is arranged on the screw rod 12 in a matching way, and the angle iron 6 connected with the anode 2 is connected to the movable seat 13; the end of the screw 12 is connected to the output of the speed change gear box 14, the input of the speed change gear box 14 is a first motor 15, and the speed change gear box 14 and the first motor 15 are fixed on the mounting plate 11. The first motor 15 controls the rotation cycle number according to the feedback of the value measured by the pressure sensor 10, and controls the displacement distance of the mounting plate 11 through the screw 12, so as to pull the anode 2 to slide in the chute of the cross beam 7 close to the cathode, thereby dynamically compensating the variation of the pole pitch and maintaining the stability of the pole pitch. The function of the change gear box 14 is to amplify the small displacement of the pole pitch to the number of rotation cycles that the first motor 15 can accurately control.
The movable seat 13 is connected with a pivot 16, the pivot 16 is coaxially provided with a swinging disc 17, the swinging disc 17 can rotate relative to the pivot 16, angle irons on two sides of a graphite anode are respectively connected to the swinging disc 17 through equal-length connecting rods 18, the two equal-length connecting rods 18 and four pivot points of the angle irons and the swinging disc 17 form a parallelogram, the swinging disc 17 swings reciprocally in a small amplitude by taking the pivot 16 as an axis under the driving of a driving device, and the anode 2 is driven to swing reciprocally through the connecting rods 18, so that the liquid electrolyte has a certain stirring effect, the electrolyte flow and gas escape are facilitated, and more importantly, the gas is not easy to adhere to the anode, and the anode effect is reduced to the minimum.
By way of example and not limitation, the present embodiment provides a driving device to drive the wobble plate 17 to oscillate, the mounting plate 11 is fixed with a second motor 19, the output of the second motor 19 is connected with an eccentric cam 20, the wobble plate 17 is provided with a cavity 171, the eccentric cam 20 is located in the cavity 171, the eccentric cam 20 has a contact action with the wall of the cavity 171, and when the second motor 19 drives the eccentric cam 20 to rotate, the eccentric cam 20 drives the wobble plate 17 to oscillate reciprocally through the action of the wall of the cavity. Of course, other crank mechanisms are equally possible, such as a crank mechanism, and the present embodiment is not limited.
The mounting plate 11 can be connected to the cross beam 7 through the hanging rod 21, so that the mounting plate 11 and the cross beam 7 can synchronously lift, and the effect is that the anode distance is dynamically compensated in the electrolysis process, and the anode can synchronously lift with the cross beam 7 when the anode needs to be replaced, and the anode can be pulled out of the furnace body after being exposed out of the furnace body, so that the anode can be replaced outside the furnace body. In this case, the value of the pressure sensor needs to take into consideration the tension carried by the boom 21.
The top of the furnace body is provided with a material distribution port 22 through which raw materials are continuously supplemented into the furnace body, the reciprocating swing of the anode 2 is also beneficial to stirring the raw materials so as to be better uniformly distributed in the liquid electrolyte, and preferably, the supplementing quantity of each furnace for feeding materials is matched with the electrolysis efficiency, so that the relative fluctuation of the electrolyte liquid level height is kept small, and the relative fluctuation of the height of the anode immersed in the electrolyte is negligible.
During electrolysis, there may be an anodic effect on the surface of the anode 2, which is a blocking phenomenon caused by the inhibition of the transmission of electric current between the anode and the electrolyte, and even a pop sound can be heard at high pressure. On the anode, the oxygen ions lose electrons and are oxidized to CO 2 Or CO, the process that the ions get or lose electrons on the electrode and are converted into uncharged atoms is called ion discharge, and as a result of ion discharge, electron shortage occurs on the cathode, electron surplus occurs on the anode, and under the action of direct current applied voltage, the surplus electrons on the anode flow to the cathode through a lead. Under normal production conditions, the decomposition voltage is such that the rare earth oxide is decomposed, the rare earth metal is separated out from the cathode, and CO is released from the anode 2 And CO.
The cathode 3 is connected with a gas-collecting hood 23, the gas-collecting hood 23 is positioned above the electrolyte liquid level, the top of the gas-collecting hood 23 is connected with a gas outlet pipeline 24, the top of the furnace body 1 is provided with a gas knife tube 25, the gas-spraying direction of the gas knife tube 25 faces the anode 2, and the sprayed gas is N 2 Enrichment of N at the anode 2 For forming isolation protection for anode, enriching N at the anode 2 Gradually enters the gas collecting hood 23 from the bottom of the gas collecting hood 23 and finally is discharged from the gas outlet pipeline 24 to form a U-shaped exhaust passage. An induced draft fan is arranged on the air outlet pipeline 24 and is used for forming a negative pressure in the air collecting hood 23Press, facilitate N 2 And (5) discharging.
The gas collecting hood 23 is in a horn shape with a large lower part and a small upper part, is used for increasing the interval between the gas collecting hood 23 and the furnace wall of the furnace body at the top, providing a mounting space for components such as a material distribution opening 22 and an air knife tube 25, expanding the coverage area of gas at the bottom, facilitating the discharge of generated waste gas, and the material distribution opening 22 is in a discharge direction towards the gas collecting hood 23, the added raw materials in the electrolysis process are released from the material distribution opening 22 and then are contacted with the gas collecting hood 23 in free falling body movement, and the horn shape of the gas collecting hood 23 has a speed reducing and guiding effect on the raw materials, so that the speed of the raw materials falling into electrolyte is reduced, and the fluctuation of the electrolyte liquid level is avoided.
The air knife tube 25 is fixed on the cross beam 7, and the air spraying direction of the air knife tube forms an acute angle with the surface of the anode facing the cathode, so as to prolong N 2 The working distance from the surface of the anode and reduce the force acting perpendicular to the surface of the anode. The air knife tube 25 has an air-jet slit facing the inside, and nitrogen gas is blown out from the slit to reduce the oxidation rate of the anode, but N 2 The ejection from the air-knife tube 25 generates a reaction force acting on the cross beam 7, in practice the pressure set point in the air-knife tube 25 is constant, the force on the cross beam is also constant, this reaction force can be taken into account in the force analysis, or preferably the position of the hanger 8 on the cross beam 7 is set so that: the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube 25 to the fulcrum of the hanger 8 is equal to the moment of the hanger 21 to the fulcrum of the hanger 8, and the effect is to directly react the numerical variation of the pressure sensor 10 to the consumption of the anode.
Referring to fig. 6, the receiver 4 is arranged below the cathode 3, the metal is obtained by the reduction reaction on the cathode and collected by the receiver, the area of the receiver is larger than that of the cathode to provide the requirement of the siphon to extract the molten metal, and impurities are easy to enter when the area of the receiver is too large. The cathode 3 is connected to a suspension system, the receiving area of the receiver 4 can be close to the sectional area of the cathode 3, when molten metal is required to be extracted, the suspension system moves sideways to enable the receiver 4 and the cathode 3 to be misplaced, and the receiver 4 is provided with a part exposed out of the cathode 3 and serves as a siphon pipe to move downwards to enter the required space of the receiver 4.
The bottom edge of the gas-collecting hood 23 is provided with a clearance groove 231 for providing a space for the siphon tube 5 to move when the gas-collecting hood 23 is moved to one side by the suspension system, and the purpose of this arrangement is to increase the coverage area of the gas-collecting hood 23 as much as possible while maintaining the space required for the downward movement of the siphon tube
Proved by verification, the resource consumption rate of a single anode of the electrolytic furnace adopting the anode is reduced by about 33%, the situation that the anode falls off in the electrolytic process is avoided, and the electrolytic efficiency and quality are ensured.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A profiled anode, characterized in that:
the anode (2) is fan-like, one surface facing the cathode is cylindrical, and the thickness of the anode is gradually increased from the middle part to the two sides.
2. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the anode (3) is also cylindrical on the side facing away from the cathode (2) and has a curvature smaller than the cylindrical curvature facing the cathode.
3. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 1, wherein:
cylinder center O facing away from cathode 2 A second back curve (202) of the non-thinned anode, which is symmetrical with respect to the cathode, intersects the central axis of symmetry of the anode, or,
cylinder center O facing away from cathode 2 Is the intersection point of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the furnace body.
4. An electrolytic furnace using the special anode of any one of claims 1-3, comprising a furnace body (1), wherein an anode (2) and a cathode (3) are arranged in the furnace body, the cathode (3) is connected to the negative electrode of a power supply device, the anode (2) is symmetrically arranged relative to the cathode (3) and is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply device, a receiver (4) is arranged right below the cathode (3), and the projection of the cathode (3) on the bottom of the furnace body (1) falls into the range of the receiver (4); the cathode (3) is further connected to a pole pitch compensation mechanism, which comprises:
the lower part of the cross beam (7) is provided with a chute, a sliding block is arranged in the chute, angle irons are connected to the sliding block, and the cross beam extends from the top outside the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body;
a hanging bracket (8) for connecting the cross beam to the lifting device;
the end seat (9) is arranged outside the furnace body, one end of the cross beam is connected in the end seat (7), and the end seat (7) and the hanging ring (6) synchronously lift;
the pressure sensor (10) is arranged at the inner top of the end seat (7) and is used for measuring the moment dynamic change of the cross beam;
the mounting plate (11) is arranged outside the furnace body, a screw (12) is arranged on the mounting plate, a movable seat (13) is cooperatively arranged on the screw, and the angle iron is connected to the movable seat through a connecting rod;
and the first motor (15) is used for driving the screw (12) to rotate according to the variation value acquired by the pressure sensor (10), compensating the displacement variation of the polar distance and maintaining the polar distance to be stable.
5. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 4, wherein the angle iron is rotatably connected to the slide block, further comprising:
a pivot (16) provided on the movable base (13);
the swinging disc (17) is coaxially arranged on the pivot (16) and swings back and forth with small amplitude by taking the pivot (16) as an axis under the drive of the driving device;
two equal-length connecting rods (18) are respectively connected with angle irons and swinging discs (17) on two sides of the anode, and four pivot points of the angle irons and the swinging discs (17) and the two equal-length connecting rods (18) form a parallelogram.
6. The electrolysis device according to claim 5, wherein the oscillating disc (17) is provided with a cavity (171), and the driving means for driving the oscillating disc (17) to oscillate comprises:
a second motor (19) fixed to the mounting plate (11);
and an eccentric cam (20) connected to the output of the second motor (19) and located in the cavity (171), the eccentric cam (20) being in contact with the wall of the cavity (171).
7. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 6, wherein:
the cathode (3) is connected with a gas collecting hood (23), the top of the gas collecting hood (23) is connected with a gas outlet pipeline (24), the top of the furnace body (1) is provided with a gas knife pipe (25), and the gas spraying direction of the gas knife pipe (25) faces the anode (2) and sprays protective gas to the anode (2); and an induced draft fan is arranged on the air outlet pipeline (24).
The gas-collecting hood (23) is in a horn shape with a large lower part and a small upper part;
the discharging direction of the material distributing port (18) faces the gas collecting hood (23), the supplementing amount of the material is equal to the extracting amount of the material, and the relative fluctuation of the electrolyte liquid level is kept small.
8. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 7, wherein:
the mounting plate (11) is connected to the cross beam through a hanging rod (21), and the mounting plate and the cross beam are lifted synchronously;
the air knife tube (25) is fixed on the cross beam (7), and the air injection direction of the air knife tube and one surface of the anode, which faces the cathode, form an acute angle.
9. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that the position of the hanger (8) on the cross beam (7) is such that: the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube (25) on the supporting point of the hanging frame (8) is equal to the moment of the hanging rod (21) on the supporting point of the hanging frame (8).
10. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 9, wherein:
the cathode (3) is connected to a suspension system, the receiving area of the receiver (4) is close to the sectional area of the cathode (3), and when molten metal is extracted, the suspension system moves sideways so that the receiver (4) and the cathode (3) are dislocated;
and a clearance groove (231) is formed in the bottom edge of the gas collecting hood (23).
CN202210852085.0A 2022-06-15 2022-07-19 Abnormal anode and electrolytic furnace Pending CN116356379A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2022215093140 2022-06-15
CN202221509314 2022-06-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116356379A true CN116356379A (en) 2023-06-30

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116356379A (en)

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