CN116353164A

CN116353164A - Unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric, preparation method thereof and garment

Info

Publication number: CN116353164A
Application number: CN202310645919.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付少海; 张继超; 朱豆豆; 周丽华; 徐英
Original assignee: Suzhou Chint Enterprise Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Chint Enterprise Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-06-02
Filing date: 2023-06-02
Publication date: 2023-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2043-06-02
Also published as: CN116353164B

Abstract

The invention relates to a unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric, a preparation method thereof and clothing, comprising a substrate layer, a bonding layer, a nanofiber membrane and a plurality of raised particles formed on fibers in the nanofiber membrane at intervals; the nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning of a first polymer; the raised particles are obtained by immersing the nanofiber membrane in a solution containing a second polymer, taking out, immersing in a non-solvent solution, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic treatment, taking out and drying; the first polymer and the second polymer are both hydrophilic polymers. According to the invention, an ultrasonic-assisted Plateau-Rayleigh unstable induction technology is adopted for the first time, periodically arranged hydrophilic raised particles are constructed on the fiber surface of the nanofiber membrane, and discontinuous super-hydrophilic points are formed on the surface of the nanofiber membrane by utilizing the raised particles, so that water spontaneously gathers on the raised particles and naturally drops down, the surface water saturation of the fabric is avoided, and the composite fabric has the functions of unidirectional moisture guiding and quick drying.

Description

Unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric, preparation method thereof and garment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional textiles, and particularly relates to a unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric, a preparation method thereof and clothing.

Background

When a human body is in severe exercise or high temperature and other environments, a large amount of sweat secretion becomes a main way for heat dissipation of the human body. However, the common fabric on the market has poor moisture absorption rate, and the maximum evaporation rate is lower than the perspiration rate of an adult during strenuous exercise, so that the fabric is easy to absorb moisture and saturate and sweat on skin is easy to accumulate, and meanwhile, the fabric cannot block the penetration of external moisture to the fabric, so that the uncomfortable feeling of stickiness and stuffy is aggravated for the human body.

Janus material refers to a functional material that has asymmetric properties (i.e., physical and chemical) in the same structural system. In recent years, janus fabrics with unidirectional water transmission performance have been developed to improve wearing comfort, sweat can be spontaneously directed out from the inner hydrophobic surface of the Janus fabrics to the outer hydrophilic surface and rapidly spread out on the outer hydrophilic surface to evaporate, and is blocked by the inner hydrophobic surface in the opposite direction, so that the reverse osmosis of liquid outside the fabrics to the inner side is effectively prevented, and the comfort of human bodies is improved.

In 2022, chemical Engineering Journal, volume 12, 28, pages 32078-32089, a textile product with Janus wettability is reported to have good directional moisture transport properties, a unidirectional transport index of 1140% lower and a moisture evaporation rate of 0.26 g/h lower. In ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, volume 14, 16, pages 18944-18953, a gradient-wettability three-layer composite fabric with directional water transport is reported with a unidirectional transport index of 1522% and a lower rate of water evaporation of 0.36 g/h. In 2019 of ACS NANO, volume 13, 2, pages 1060-1070, a bionic fiber Murray film is reported, which has the properties of antigravity directional water transportation and quick drying, the water evaporation rate is 0.67 g/h, and the unidirectional transportation index is lower than 1245%.

Chinese patent CN115157788A discloses a unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric with protective function, comprising a hydrophilic layer, a hydrophobic layer and a protective layer, wherein the protective layer is arranged between the hydrophilic layer and the hydrophobic layer, the protective layer is a nanofiber membrane material obtained by electrospinning technology of water-soluble polymer, the hydrophobic layer is a fabric made of hydrophobic fibers, the water dripping diffusion time of the hydrophilic layer is shorter than that of the hydrophobic layer, the wicking height is greater than that of the hydrophobic layer, and the fabric gram weight of the hydrophilic layer is greater than that of the hydrophobic layer.

The unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric has a unidirectional moisture-conducting function, but the unidirectional moisture-conducting rate is low, when the sweat is more discharged by a human body, the low unidirectional moisture-conducting rate can lead to the fact that the sweat on the skin cannot be discharged quickly, and the slow sweat evaporation rate can lead to accumulation of the sweat in the fabric, so that the fabric is hydroscopic and saturated, the fabric loses the unidirectional moisture-conducting function, the sweat on the skin is difficult to remove, and the potential risks of dehydration, electrolyte disorder and even death of people are caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric is easy to cause moisture absorption and saturation of the fabric when a human body sweats more, and the defect that the efficient unidirectional moisture-conducting fabric has high efficient moisture evaporation rate is difficult to realize, so that the novel unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric is provided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric comprises a substrate layer, and further comprises a nanofiber membrane adhered to one side surface of the substrate layer through an adhesive layer;

the nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrostatic spinning of a first polymer;

the unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric further comprises a plurality of raised particles formed on the fibers in the nanofiber membrane at intervals, each raised particle being wrapped on a fiber in the nanofiber membrane;

the raised particles are obtained by immersing the nanofiber membrane in a solution containing a second polymer, immersing the nanofiber membrane in a non-solvent solution after taking out, simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic assistance, taking out and drying;

the first polymer and the second polymer are hydrophilic polymers.

After the nanofiber membrane is immersed in a solution containing a second polymer and taken out, a liquid film is formed on the surface of the nanofiber membrane, the nanofiber membrane with the liquid film is immersed in a non-solvent solution, ultrasonic vibration is used for inducing the fiber to periodically and locally overheat, the liquid film on the fiber at the locally overheat position is more unstable, intermolecular force is stronger, phase separation of the liquid film is induced, and periodically arranged convex particles are formed on the fiber after drying.

According to the invention, an ultrasonic-assisted Plateau-Rayleigh unstable induction technology is adopted for the first time, and the fiber local overheating is induced by adding ultrasonic vibration into a non-solvent solution, so that periodically arranged raised particles are constructed on the fiber surface of the nanofiber membrane.

Unlike traditional bead-type nanometer fiber film, the polymer producing raised grains is not covered on the fiber surface between two adjacent raised grains, i.e. the raised grains and the fibers between adjacent raised grains are different polymers, so that the water in the nanometer fiber film with raised grains is subjected to stronger Laplacian force, the water is more easily concentrated on the raised grains, and the water saturation of the nanometer fiber film is effectively avoided.

The Plateau-Rayleigh instability refers to the fact that liquid column droplets are always broken down into spherical droplets to achieve the minimization of surface energy, a common phenomenon known as platuo-Rayleigh instability.

In some embodiments, the power used for ultrasound assistance is 30-60 w.

In some embodiments, the solution containing the second polymer further contains a photo-thermal conversion nanomaterial, the mass ratio of the second polymer to the photo-thermal conversion nanomaterial is 9:1-5:5, and the concentration of the solution containing the second polymer and the photo-thermal conversion nanomaterial is 0.1-1wt%.

In some embodiments, the photothermal conversion nanomaterial is one or a combination of several of carbon black, graphene oxide, and MXene.

The raised particles have super-hydrophilicity, and discontinuous super-hydrophilicity points are formed on the surface of the nanofiber membrane, so that water can spontaneously gather on the raised particles and naturally drip down, the water saturation on the surface of the fabric is avoided, and the fabric has a unidirectional moisture guiding function and a quick drying function. Furthermore, the raised particles also contain photo-thermal conversion nano materials, and the water can be evaporated under the action of photo-heat after converging on the raised particles, so that the quick drying of the fabric is facilitated.

The MXene is a two-dimensional material, is a transition metal carbide, a transition metal nitride or a transition metal carbonitride with a two-dimensional layered structure, and is a novel material which is obtained by MAX phase treatment and has a structure similar to graphene.

In some embodiments, the immersion time in the solution comprising the second polymer is 1 to 30 minutes.

In some embodiments, the immersion time in the non-solvent solution is 1 to 30 minutes.

In some embodiments, the solvent used in the solution comprising the second polymer is one or a combination of water, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene.

In some embodiments, the viscosity of the solution comprising the second polymer is less than 20 mPa-s.

In some embodiments, the non-solvent solution is one or a combination of several of ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetone.

The non-solvent solution is insoluble in the first polymer and the second polymer and is miscible with the solvent used in the solution comprising the second polymer.

In some embodiments, the raised particles on each of the fibers are arranged periodically, and the distance between two adjacent raised particles on each of the fibers is 1 to 10 μm, such as 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm.

In some embodiments, the raised particles are ellipsoidal.

In some embodiments, the ellipsoid is spindle-shaped; and/or the width of the protruding particles is 2-4 μm, and the height is 1-3 μm. The spindle shape is a shape with thin ends and thick middle.

In some embodiments, the nanofiber membrane has a water contact angle of 20-40 ℃ and the raised particles have a water contact angle of 0-10 °.

In some embodiments, the nanofiber membrane has a porosity of 80% or more.

In some embodiments, the first polymer is a combination of one or more of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyoxyethylene, polyaniline, polyethyleneimine; the second polymer is one or a combination of more of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

In some embodiments, the spinning solution used for preparing the nanofiber membrane is a solution of a first polymer, the concentration of the solution of the first polymer is 10-15 wt%, and the used solvent is one or a combination of several of water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

In some embodiments, the adhesive layer has a water contact angle of 50-80 °.

In some embodiments, the tie layer is electrospun from a mixture of a third polymer and a binder, the third polymer being a hydrophilic polymer.

In some embodiments, the spinning solution used for preparing the bonding layer is a solution containing the third polymer and the bonding agent, the mass ratio of the third polymer to the bonding agent is 1:9-9:1, and the concentration of the solution containing the third polymer and the bonding agent is 5-20%.

In some embodiments, the third polymer is one or more of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyoxyethylene, polyaniline, polyethyleneimine.

In some embodiments, the binder is one or a combination of more of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyacrylate, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.

In some embodiments, the substrate layer is a pure cotton fabric, a polyester-cotton blend fabric, a polyester-ammonia blend fabric, a nylon-ammonia blend fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric.

In some embodiments, the substrate layer has a water contact angle of 90 to 150 °.

The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing a nanofiber membrane by adopting electrostatic spinning, wherein a spinning solution for preparing the nanofiber membrane is a solution containing a first polymer;

(2) Immersing the nanofiber membrane in a solution containing a second polymer, taking out, immersing in a non-solvent solution, simultaneously assisting with ultrasonic waves, taking out and drying;

(3) And (3) preparing a bonding layer on one side surface of the nanofiber membrane treated in the step (2) by adopting electrostatic spinning, then covering a matrix layer, and performing hot pressing to obtain the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric.

In some embodiments, in step (1), the process parameters of electrospinning include: the voltage is between 20 and 30 and kV, the filling rate is between 1 and 5 ml/h, the receiving distance is between 10 and 30 and cm, the spinning environment temperature is between 25 and 40 ℃, and the humidity is between 10 and 90 percent.

In some embodiments, in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 30-60 w.

In some embodiments, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours.

In some embodiments, in step (3), the process parameters of electrospray comprise: the voltage is between 20 and 40 and kV, the filling rate is between 1 and 5 ml/h, the receiving distance is between 10 and 35 and cm, the temperature of the spinning environment is between 20 and 40 ℃, and the humidity is between 30 and 60 percent.

In some embodiments, in the step (3), the hot pressing temperature is 80-250 ℃. The hot press temperature does not affect the other layers of the unidirectional wet guiding composite fabric.

The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the garment comprises a fabric, wherein the fabric is the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric or the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric prepared by the preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

according to the invention, an ultrasonic-assisted Plateau-Rayleigh unstable induction technology is adopted for the first time, local overheating of fibers is induced by adding ultrasonic vibration into a non-solvent solution, periodically arranged hydrophilic raised particles are constructed on the fiber surface of a nanofiber membrane, and discontinuous super-hydrophilic points are formed on the surface of the nanofiber membrane by utilizing the raised particles, so that water can spontaneously gather on the raised particles and naturally drip down, the water saturation on the surface of a fabric is avoided, and the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric has a quick-drying function while having a unidirectional moisture-conducting function.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric of example 1;

in the figure, 1, a substrate layer; 2. a bonding layer; 3. a nanofiber membrane; 4. protruding particles; 5. a skin layer;

FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a nanofiber membrane in a unidirectional wet composite fabric of example 1;

fig. 3 is an SEM image of a nanofiber membrane with raised particles in the unidirectional wet conducting composite fabric of example 1.

Detailed Description

As described in the background art, the existing unidirectional moisture-guiding fabric has a unidirectional moisture-guiding function, but when a human body sweats more, sweat is easy to gather in the fabric, so that the fabric is hydroscopic and saturated, the fabric loses the unidirectional moisture-guiding function, and the sweat is difficult to remove, so that the potential risks of dehydration, electrolyte disorder and even death of people are caused.

The main conception of the application is that hydrophilic raised particles are induced and prepared on the nanofiber membrane by utilizing an ultrasonic-assisted Plateau-Rayleigh instability technology, and discontinuous super-hydrophilic points are formed on the surface of the nanofiber membrane by utilizing the raised particles, so that water can spontaneously gather on the raised particles and naturally drip down, the surface water saturation of a fabric is avoided, and the fabric has a unidirectional moisture guiding function and a quick drying function. In some preferred embodiments, the raised particles further comprise a photothermal conversion nanomaterial, and the moisture can be evaporated under the action of light and heat after being gathered on the raised particles, thereby facilitating quick drying of the fabric.

The application is further characterized in that the bonding layer is arranged by adopting electrostatic spinning, so that the bonding strength between the substrate layer and the nanofiber membrane is enhanced, meanwhile, as a wettability transition layer, a gradual wettability gradient is formed among the substrate layer, the bonding layer and the nanofiber membrane, so that the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric has a differential capillary effect, unidirectional transmission of moisture is accelerated, and the water collecting and difficult-to-saturate functions of the nanofiber membrane combined with the surface layer have an excellent quick-drying function.

The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in connection with specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand and practice the present invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available products.

Example 1

The unidirectional moisture-conducting and quick-drying composite fabric provided in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes a substrate layer 1, a nanofiber membrane 3 bonded to one side surface of the substrate layer 1 through a bonding layer 2, and a plurality of raised particles 4 formed on fibers in the nanofiber membrane 3 at intervals, wherein each raised particle 4 is wrapped on a fiber of the nanofiber membrane 3, and the raised particles 4 are in a spindle shape, so that when the unidirectional moisture-conducting and quick-drying composite fabric is used for making a garment, the substrate layer 1 is in contact with a skin layer 5.

The unidirectional wet guiding and quick drying composite fabric is prepared by the following method:

(1) Drying Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) powder in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 20 h, then weighing a proper amount of PAN powder to dissolve in N, N-dimethylformamide, heating and stirring in a water bath at 50 ℃ for 12 h to prepare a uniform solution with the concentration of 10 wt%, filtering to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution, and preparing a PAN nanofiber membrane for standby by an electrostatic spinning machine, wherein the water contact angle of the PAN nanofiber membrane is 40 degrees. The electrospinning parameters were as follows: the voltage is 24 kV; the perfusion rate is 3 mL/h; the receiving distance is about 20 cm; controlling the spinning environment temperature to be 40 ℃; the humidity was 30%.

An electron microscope picture of the prepared PAN nanofiber membrane is shown in fig. 2.

(2) And (3) taking a proper amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and nano Graphene Oxide (GO) in chloroform, stirring for 80min by using a stirrer at a stirring speed of 100 r/min, and preparing a PVP/GO solution with a concentration of 0.5 wt% for later use, wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the graphene oxide is 8:2, and the viscosity of the PVP/GO solution is lower than 20 mPa.s. Immersing the PAN nanofiber membrane in 0.5 wt% PVP/GO solution for 30min, taking out, immersing in non-solvent diethyl ether for 30min under the ultrasonic action of 50W, taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 80 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the nanofiber membrane 3 with the raised particles 4 for later use, wherein the water contact angle at the raised particles 4 is 5 degrees, and the porosity of the nanofiber membrane 3 is 87%.

The electron microscope picture of the prepared nanofiber membrane with the raised particles is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, spindle-shaped raised particles are formed on the surface of the fibers in the nanofiber membrane in a periodic arrangement.

(3) Polyvinyl chloride and PAN with the mass ratio of 1:1 are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare a spraying liquid with the concentration of 20 percent wt percent, a fiber bonding layer 2 is sprayed on one side of the nanofiber membrane 3 through an electrostatic spraying device, the water contact angle of the bonding layer 2 is 75 degrees, then nylon fabric is covered on the spraying side to serve as a substrate layer 1, and the water contact angle of the nylon fabric is 120 degrees. The unidirectional wet-guiding quick-drying composite fabric is obtained through a hot-pressing process at 100 ℃. The electrostatic spinning parameters were as follows: the voltage is 25 kV; the perfusion rate is 2 mL/h; the receiving distance is about 22 cm; controlling the spinning environment temperature to be 25 ℃; the humidity was 50%.

Example 2

The unidirectional wet guiding and quick drying composite fabric provided by the embodiment is prepared by the following method:

(1) Drying Polyurethane (PU) particles in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h, weighing a proper amount of PU powder, dissolving in a mixed solvent of N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (the mass ratio of DMF to THF is 3:1), heating and stirring in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 12 h to prepare a uniform solution with the concentration of 12 wt%, filtering to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution, and preparing a PU nanofiber membrane for standby by an electrostatic spinning machine, wherein the water contact angle of the nanofiber membrane is 45 degrees. The electrospinning parameters were as follows: the voltage is 24 kV; the perfusion rate is 3 mL/h; the receiving distance is about 20 cm; controlling the spinning environment temperature to be 40 ℃; the humidity was 30%.

(2) And (3) taking a proper amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nano Graphene Oxide (GO) in deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the graphene oxide is 7:3, stirring for 70 min by using a stirrer, wherein the stirring speed is 100 r/min, and preparing a PVA/GO solution with the concentration of 0.5 to wt percent for standby, and the viscosity of the PVA/GO solution is lower than 20 mPa.s. Immersing the PU nanofiber membrane in a PVA/GO solution with the concentration of 0.5 and wt percent for 30min, taking out the PU nanofiber membrane, putting the PU nanofiber membrane into acetone, immersing the PU nanofiber membrane in the PVA/GO solution for 30min under the ultrasonic action with the power of 50W, taking out the PU nanofiber membrane, and drying the PU nanofiber membrane in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the nanofiber membrane with raised particles for standby, wherein the water contact angle at the raised particles is 6 degrees, and the porosity of the nanofiber membrane is 85 percent.

(3) And (2) dissolving polypropylene and PU in a mass ratio of 1:1 into toluene to prepare a spinning solution with a concentration of 20: 20 wt%, spraying a bonding layer on one side of the nanofiber membrane through an electrostatic spraying device, wherein the water contact angle of the bonding layer is 80 degrees, and then covering an ammonia blended fabric on the spraying side to serve as a matrix layer, wherein the water contact angle of the ammonia blended fabric is 110 degrees. The single-direction wet-guiding quick-drying composite fabric is obtained through a hot pressing process at 150 ℃. The electrostatic spinning parameters were as follows: the voltage is 25 kV; the perfusion rate is 2 mL/h; the receiving distance is about 22 cm; controlling the spinning environment temperature to be 25 ℃; the humidity was 50%.

Example 3

The unidirectional wet guiding and quick drying composite fabric provided in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that: in the step (2), a proper amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone and nano carbon black are taken and put in tetrachloroethylene, the mass ratio of the polyvinylpyrrolidone to the carbon black is 8:2, and the mixture is stirred for 80 minutes by using a stirrer, wherein the stirring speed is 100 r/min, and 1wt% of solution is prepared for standby. And (3) immersing the PAN nanofiber membrane in a solution with the weight percent of 0.2 for 15min, taking out, putting into ethanol, immersing for 15min under the ultrasonic action of the power of 30W, taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 3h to obtain the nanofiber membrane with the raised particles for later use, wherein the water contact angle at the raised particles is 8 degrees, and the porosity of the nanofiber membrane is 88%.

Example 4

The unidirectional wet guiding and quick drying composite fabric provided in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that: in step (2), the concentration of the formulated PVP/GO solution was 2wt%. Otherwise, the same as in embodiment 1.

Example 5

The unidirectional wet guiding and quick drying composite fabric provided in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that: in the step (2), the power of the ultrasonic wave is 10W. Otherwise, the same as in example 1 was conducted.

Comparative example 1

The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric provided in this comparative example is different from example 1 in that: in the step (2), the ultrasonic assistance is canceled, specifically: and (3) immersing the PAN nanofiber membrane in a PVP/GO solution with the concentration of 0.5 and wt% for 30min, taking out, putting into non-solvent diethyl ether, immersing for 30min, taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the nanofiber membrane with the raised particles for later use, wherein the water contact angle at the raised particles is 5 degrees, and the porosity of the nanofiber membrane is 82%.

Comparative example 2

The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric provided in this comparative example is different from example 1 in that: and (3) omitting the operation of the step (2), namely directly spraying and spinning the fiber bonding layer on one side surface of the PAN nanofiber membrane prepared in the step (1).

Comparative example 3

The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric provided in this comparative example is different from example 2 in that: in the step (2), the ultrasonic assistance is canceled, specifically: and (3) immersing the PU nanofiber membrane in a PVA/GO solution with the concentration of 0.5 and wt% for 30min, taking out, putting into a non-solvent solution acetone, immersing for 30min, taking out, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 h to obtain the nanofiber membrane with the raised particles for later use, wherein the water contact angle at the raised particles is 6 degrees, and the porosity of the nanofiber membrane is 86%.

Comparative example 4

The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric provided in this comparative example is different from example 2 in that: and (3) eliminating the operation of the step (2), namely directly spraying and spinning the bonding layer on one side surface of the PU nanofiber membrane prepared in the step (1).

The unidirectional moisture conductive composite fabrics of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in table 1.

In the embodiment 1, because the concentration of the low-viscosity solution and the ultrasonic auxiliary power are both in the preferred ranges, the period of the protruding particles formed on the fibers in the nanofiber membrane is 1-5 mu m (namely, the distance between two adjacent protruding particles on each fiber is 1-5 mu m), the width and the height of the protruding particles are respectively about 3 mu m and about 3 mu m, the pore diameter of the membrane is about 1 mu m, and the porosity is 87%. The adhesive layer is used as an intermediate supporting layer, so that the effect of wettability transition is achieved, the fiber aperture is reduced gradually from the substrate layer to the nanofiber membrane layer in the longitudinal direction, the aperture of the substrate layer is maximum, the adhesive layer is inferior, the aperture of the surface nanofiber membrane is minimum, the structure imitating plant transpiration increases the antigravity transport of moisture, sweat on skin can be rapidly transported to the surface of the fabric, and the excellent unidirectional moisture transfer rate is 1600%. Secondly, due to the Laplace pressure difference and the wettability gradient between the peaks and the valleys of the spindle-shaped protruding particles, water spontaneously gathers towards the tops of the protruding particles and naturally drops, and under the photothermal effect of the photothermal conversion nano material in the protruding particles, the water evaporation rate on the surface of the fabric can be accelerated, the fabric has the efficient water evaporation rate of 0.71 g/h while efficiently conducting moisture unidirectionally, the moisture absorption saturation of the fabric is effectively avoided, and the skin is kept dry and comfortable. Meanwhile, the tensile breaking strength (19.3 MPa) and the breaking elongation (22%) of the fabric are also high, because the bonding layer fiber bonds the nanofiber membrane and the matrix layer under the action of hot pressing, and the random overlapped part of the bonding layer fiber bonds under the action of hot pressing, so that the bonding fastness between the nanofiber membrane and the matrix layer is enhanced. Example 2 is similar to example 1 in that it shows a slight difference in moisture absorption quick drying performance and mechanical properties due to the difference in hydrophilic polymer raw materials. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 4 improves the concentration of the low-viscosity solution from 0.5 wt% to 2wt%, and the high viscosity greatly hinders the mobility of the polymer in the process of interdiffusion due to the high concentration of the low-viscosity solution, so that the liquid-solid phase separation occurs in the pores of the hydrophilic nanofiber membrane to generate a large number of polymer membranes and polymer spheres, thereby blocking the pore channels, greatly reducing the unidirectional moisture guiding rate, slightly reducing the water evaporation rate and having similar mechanical properties. Compared with example 1, example 5 reduces the ultrasonic auxiliary power from 50W to 10W, reduces the local overheating effect of the fiber in the non-solvent solution, thereby slowing down the migration and aggregation of the polymer in the process of interdiffusion, forming smaller convex particles with smaller size, weaker Laplace pressure difference and wettability gradient between peaks and valleys, poorer unidirectional moisture conducting effect, slower moisture evaporation rate and reduced mechanical property. Compared with the comparative example 1, the ultrasonic auxiliary effect of the polymer in the process of interdiffusion is eliminated, local overheating cannot be caused to the fiber, the formed raised particles are small, the moisture absorption quick-drying performance is weak, and the mechanical property is reduced. Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 is free from the step (2), and is directly compounded with the substrate layer, and only the substrate layer, the bonding layer and the nanofiber membrane are subjected to unidirectional moisture guiding by the wettability difference, and the nanofiber membrane cannot collect moisture and accelerate the evaporation of the moisture due to the non-spindle-shaped convex particle structure, so that the moisture absorption and quick drying performances are greatly weakened, and the mechanical properties are reduced. Comparative example 3, which is similar to comparative example 1 in that the ultrasonic auxiliary effect in step (2) was canceled in comparison with example 2, could not cause local overheating of the fibers, and the formed raised particles were small, resulting in weaker moisture absorption and quick drying properties and reduced mechanical properties. Compared with the comparative example 2, the comparative example 4 is free from the step (2), and is directly compounded with the substrate layer, and is similar to the comparative example 2, the one-way moisture guiding is carried out only by the wettability difference among the substrate layer, the bonding layer and the nanofiber membrane, and the nanofiber membrane cannot carry out moisture concentration and photo-thermal effect to accelerate the evaporation of the moisture because of the non-spindle-shaped convex particle structure, so that the moisture absorption and quick drying performances are greatly weakened, and the mechanical properties are reduced.

The following test methods were used in the above examples and comparative examples:

1) Contact angle of water

The wettability of the samples was characterized using a water antenna meter.

2) Rate of evaporation of moisture

Evaluation of moisture absorption and quick drying Properties of textiles section 1 with reference to GB/T21655.1-2008: the single combined test method measures the rate of evaporation of water.

3) Unidirectional moisture transfer rate

Evaluation of moisture absorption quick drying Properties of textiles section 2 with reference to GB/T21655.2-2019: the dynamic moisture transfer method performs one-way transfer index measurement.

4) Tensile breaking strength and elongation at break

Reference GB/T3923.1-2013 section 1 of textile fabric tensile properties: determination of breaking Strength and elongation at break (bar sample method) tensile breaking strength and elongation at break were measured.

5) Porosity of the porous material

The porosity of the samples was tested using a mercury porosimeter.

The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric comprises a substrate layer and is characterized in that: the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric further comprises a nanofiber membrane bonded on one side surface of the matrix layer through a bonding layer;

the first polymer and the second polymer are hydrophilic polymers.

2. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the power used for ultrasonic assistance is 30-60W.

3. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the solution containing the second polymer also contains a photo-thermal conversion nano material, the feeding mass ratio of the second polymer to the photo-thermal conversion nano material is 9:1-5:5, and the concentration of the solution containing the second polymer and the photo-thermal conversion nano material is 0.1-1wt%.

4. A unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the photo-thermal conversion nano material is one or a combination of a plurality of carbon black, graphene oxide and MXene.

5. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the dipping time in the solution containing the second polymer is 1-30 min; and/or the soaking time in the non-solvent solution is 1-30 min; and/or the solvent used by the solution containing the second polymer is one or a combination of more of water, chloroform and tetrachloroethylene; and/or the viscosity of the solution comprising the second polymer is below 20 mPa-s; and/or the non-solvent solution is one or a combination of more of ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and acetone.

6. The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the raised particles on each fiber are arranged periodically, and the distance between two adjacent raised particles on each fiber is 1-10 mu m.

7. The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the convex particles are in an ellipsoidal shape.

8. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 7, wherein: the ellipsoid is in a spindle shape; and/or the width of the protruding particles is 2-4 μm, and the height is 1-3 μm.

9. The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the water contact angle of the nanofiber membrane is 20-40 ℃, and the water contact angle of the raised particles is 0-10 ℃; and/or, the nanofiber membrane has a porosity of 80% or more.

10. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the first polymer is one or a combination of more of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyoxyethylene, polyaniline and polyethyleneimine; the second polymer is one or a combination of more of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

11. The unidirectional moisture-conductive composite fabric of any one of claims 1-5, 10, characterized in that: the spinning solution used for preparing the nanofiber membrane is a solution of a first polymer, the concentration of the solution of the first polymer is 10-15 wt%, and the used solvent is one or a combination of more of water, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

12. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the water contact angle of the bonding layer is 50-80 ℃.

13. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1 or 12, wherein: the bonding layer is made by electrostatic spinning of a mixture of a third polymer and an adhesive, the third polymer being a hydrophilic polymer.

14. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 13, wherein: the spinning solution used for preparing the bonding layer is a solution containing the third polymer and the bonding agent, the feeding mass ratio of the third polymer to the bonding agent is 1:9-9:1, and the concentration of the solution containing the third polymer and the bonding agent is 5-20%; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the third polymer is one or a combination of more of cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyoxyethylene, polyaniline and polyethyleneimine; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the adhesive is one or a combination of more of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyacrylate, hydroxymethyl cellulose and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

15. The unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 1, wherein: the substrate layer is made of pure cotton fabric, polyester-cotton blended fabric, polyester-ammonia blended fabric, nylon-ammonia blended fabric, non-woven fabric or knitted fabric; and/or the water contact angle of the matrix layer is 90-150 degrees.

16. A method for preparing the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric of any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising the steps of:

17. The method for preparing a unidirectional moisture transport composite fabric of claim 16, wherein: in the step (1), the process parameters of the electrostatic spinning include: the voltage is between 20 and 30 and kV, the perfusion rate is between 1 and 5 ml/h, and the receiving distance is between 10 and 30 and cm; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

in the step (2), the ultrasonic power is 30-60W; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃ and the time is 1-3 hours; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

in the step (3), the process parameters of the electrostatic spinning include: the voltage is between 20 and 40 and kV, the perfusion rate is between 1 and 5 ml/h, and the receiving distance is between 10 and 35 and cm; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

in the step (3), the hot pressing temperature is 80-250 ℃.

18. A garment, comprising a fabric, characterized in that: the fabric is a unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric prepared by the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric according to any one of claims 1-15 or the preparation method of the unidirectional moisture-conducting composite fabric according to claim 16 or 17.