CN116350342A

CN116350342A - Electrosurgical instrument

Info

Publication number: CN116350342A
Application number: CN202210346743.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 饶志文; 耿平; 王进; 孟海滨; 邓南方; 左鹏飞
Original assignee: Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Mindray Bio Medical Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-28
Filing date: 2022-04-02
Publication date: 2023-06-30

Abstract

An electrosurgical instrument includes a lever including an insulating tube, a metal tube disposed within the insulating tube, and an electrode mounted to the metal tube, the electrode being extendable out of the insulating tube for electrocoagulation or electrocutting of patient tissue. The handle component is connected with the operating lever, and the handle component includes casing, exhaust pipe way, first valve, cable, switch and first operation key, and the one end of exhaust pipe way is located inside the casing and is linked together with the tubular metal resonator, and the other end of exhaust pipe way is used for being connected with negative pressure device, and exhaust pipe way is used for sucking the smog that produces when the electrode carries out the electricity to congeal or the electricity is cut through the tubular metal resonator at least, and first valve is connected with exhaust pipe way in order to control exhaust pipe way's break-make. One end of the cable is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the electrode, the cable is used for supplying power to the electrode, and the switch is connected with the cable to control the on-off of the cable. The first operation key is arranged on the first valve, and when the first operation key is driven by external force, the first valve is opened and the switch is triggered.

Description

Electrosurgical instrument

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to an electrosurgical instrument.

Background

In laparoscopic surgery, when a patient tissue is cut or coagulated electrically by using a high-frequency surgical instrument, a large amount of smoke is generated, and the smoke is diffused in the abdominal cavity, which affects the surgical field of a doctor.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention proposes an electrosurgical instrument.

An electrosurgical instrument according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises:

the operating rod comprises an insulating tube, a metal tube and an electrode, wherein the metal tube is arranged in the insulating tube, the electrode is arranged on the metal tube, and the electrode can extend out of the insulating tube to perform electrocoagulation or electrotome on patient tissues;

the handle assembly is connected with the operating rod and comprises a shell, a smoke exhaust pipeline, a first valve, a cable, a switch and a first operating key, one end of the smoke exhaust pipeline is arranged in the shell and is communicated with the metal pipe, the other end of the smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with a negative pressure device, the smoke exhaust pipeline is used for sucking at least smoke generated when the electrode is subjected to electrocoagulation or electrotome through the metal pipe, and the first valve is connected with the smoke exhaust pipeline to control the on-off of the smoke exhaust pipeline; one end of the cable is arranged in the shell and is electrically connected with the electrode, the cable is used for supplying power to the electrode, and the switch is connected with the cable to control the on-off of the cable; the first operation key is arranged on the first valve, and opens the first valve and triggers the switch when the first operation key is driven by external force.

According to the technical scheme, the electrosurgical instrument provided by the invention can prevent the smoke from spreading around a focus and affecting the operation visual field through the smoke generated when the handle is integrated with the smoke exhaust pipeline suction electrode for electrocoagulation or electrotomy. Secondly, the smoke exhaust pipeline sucks the smoke through the metal pipe, and the metal pipe is close to the electrode, so that the smoke can be timely sucked away, and the operation vision of a doctor can be better improved. Furthermore, the cleaning pipeline is arranged on the handle assembly, and the metal pipe is used for sucking smoke, so that a puncture channel is not required to be added on the body of a patient for discharging smoke, and the pain of the patient can be relieved. And when the first operation key is driven by external force, the first valve is opened and the switch is triggered, namely, the electric coagulation/electric cutting and smoke discharging operation is started together through the first operation key, the structure is compact, the operation is simple, and the electric coagulation/electric cutting and smoke discharging operation can be realized by one doctor of the main knife without adding an additional assistant. In addition, the smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with the negative pressure device, and the smoke sucked by the smoke exhaust pipeline is collected to the negative pressure device, so that the smoke can be prevented from being diffused into an operating room, and the health of a doctor is prevented from being influenced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without the inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrosurgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a lever according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial schematic view at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a handle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperation of the first valve, the first operating member, the reset assembly and the damping assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of a handle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a partial structural schematic view of a handle assembly from a back perspective according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an electrosurgical instrument 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, and the electrosurgical instrument 100 includes a handle assembly 20 and a lever 10, wherein the lever 10 includes an insulating tube 11, a metal tube 12, and an electrode 13, the metal tube 12 is disposed in the insulating tube 11, the electrode 13 is mounted on the metal tube 12, and the electrode 13 can extend out of the insulating tube 11 to perform electrocoagulation or electrotomy on a patient tissue. The handle assembly 20 is connected with the operating rod 10, and the handle assembly 20 includes casing 21, exhaust pipe 22, first valve 23, cable 24, switch 25 and first operation key 26, and the one end of exhaust pipe 22 is located inside casing 21 and is linked together with tubular metal resonator 12, and the other end of exhaust pipe 22 is used for being connected with negative pressure device, and exhaust pipe 22 is used for sucking the smog that produces when electrode 13 carries out the electrocoagulation or cut through tubular metal resonator 12 at least, and first valve 23 is connected with exhaust pipe 22 in order to control exhaust pipe 22 break-make. One end of the cable 24 is disposed inside the housing 21 and electrically connected to the electrode 13, the cable 24 is used for supplying power to the electrode 13, and the switch 25 is connected to the cable 24 to control on/off of the cable 24. The first operation key 26 is installed on the first valve 23, and when the first operation key 26 is driven by an external force, the first valve 23 is opened and the switch 25 is triggered. Optionally, the cable 24 is electrically connected to the electrode 13 through the metal tube 12.

The electrosurgical instrument 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can prevent the smoke from spreading around the lesion and affecting the surgical field by sucking the smoke generated when the electrode is electrically coagulated or cut by the handle-integrated smoke discharge pipe 22. Secondly, the smoke exhaust pipeline 22 sucks the smoke through the metal tube 12, and the metal tube 12 is close to the electrode 13, so that the smoke can be timely sucked away, and the operation vision of a doctor can be better improved. Furthermore, the cleaning line is mounted on the handle assembly 20 for drawing the smoke through the metal tube 12, so that a puncture path is not required to be added to the patient for discharging the smoke, thereby alleviating the pain of the patient. In addition, when the first operation key 26 is driven by external force, the first valve 23 is opened and the switch 25 is triggered, namely, the electric coagulation/electric cutting and smoke discharging operation is started together through the first operation key 26, the structure is compact, the operation is simple, and the electric coagulation/electric cutting and smoke discharging operation can be realized by one doctor of the main knife without adding an additional assistant. In addition, the smoke exhaust pipeline 22 is connected with the negative pressure device, and the smoke sucked by the smoke exhaust pipeline 22 is collected to the negative pressure device, so that the smoke can be prevented from being diffused into an operating room, and the health of a doctor is prevented from being influenced.

In some embodiments, the lever 10 is removably coupled to the handle assembly 20. In this embodiment, not only is it convenient to switch between operation levers 10 having different functions, for example, between the electric coagulation operation lever 10 and the electric cutting operation lever 10, but also it is convenient to switch between operation levers 10 having the same function but different shapes of the electrodes 13, for example, the electrodes 13 of the electric coagulation operation lever 10 have a hook shape, a shovel shape, and a sphere shape, and the electric coagulation operation lever 10 of the shape of the electrode 13 can be replaced as needed according to actual use. Optionally, a snap-fit connection is provided between the lever 10 and the handle assembly 20.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in some embodiments, the operating rod 10 further includes a rotating wheel 14, where an end of the insulating tube 11 away from the electrode 13 is connected to the rotating wheel 14, and when the operating rod 10 is mounted on the handle assembly 20, the rotating wheel 14 is movable relative to the handle assembly 20 in an axial direction of the insulating rod 11, and when the electric coagulation or electric cutting is required, the rotating wheel 14 can be moved toward the handle assembly 20, and the rotating wheel 14 drives the insulating tube 11 to move toward the handle assembly 20, so that the electrode 13 extends out of the insulating tube 11, and thus the electric coagulation or electric cutting operation can be performed. When other operations are required, such as aspiration of tissue fluid from the patient tissue by the electrode 13 through the metal tube 12 or aspiration of waste fluid from the patient tissue being irrigated, the rotating wheel 14 may be moved away from the handle assembly 20, the rotating wheel 14 may move the insulating tube 11 away from the handle assembly 20, and the electrode 13 may be retracted into the insulating tube 11, thereby allowing aspiration of tissue fluid and waste fluid.

In some embodiments, the travel of the first operating key 26 includes a first position, a second position, and a third position, the second position being between the first position and the third position, the first valve 23 being in a closed state when the first operating key 26 is operated to the second position, the first valve 23 being opened when the first operating key 26 is operated to the third position, and the switch 25 being triggered when the first operating key 26 is operated to the third position. In this embodiment, the first operation key 26 opens the valve through the second position before moving to the third position to trigger the switch 25, that is, the electrode 13 opens smoke before being electrified to perform electrocoagulation or electrotome, so that smoke generated by the electrode 13 during electrocoagulation or electrotome is timely extracted by the smoke extraction pipeline 22, and does not permeate around the focus to affect the operation field.

Of course, the method is not limited to the method of opening the smoke before the electrocoagulation or the electrocutting, for example, in other embodiments, the stroke of the first operation key 26 includes a first position and a second position, the first valve 23 is in the closed state when the first operation key 26 moves to the second position, and the switch 25 is triggered when the first valve 23 is opened, that is, the smoke is opened when the electrocoagulation or the electrocutting is performed, so that the smoke generated by the electrode 13 during the electrocoagulation or the electrocutting can be timely discharged.

As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, in some embodiments, the first valve 23 includes a valve body 231 and a valve core 232 movably mounted inside the valve body 231, and the first operating key 26 is movably mounted to the valve body 231 and connected to the valve core 232. The electrosurgical instrument 100 further includes a reset assembly 30 and a damping assembly 40, wherein the reset assembly 30 is mounted between the valve body 231 and the first operation key 26 or between the housing 21 and the first operation key 26, and the reset assembly 30 is configured to provide a restoring force, so that when an external force pressing the first operation key 26 is removed, the first operation key 26 is driven to reset, and the switch 25 is turned off and the valve core 232 is driven to return to an initial position to close the valve in the resetting process of the first operation key 26. The damping assembly 40 is installed between the valve body 231 and the valve core 232 or between the valve body 231 and the first operation key 26 or between the first operation key 26 and the housing 21, and the damping assembly 40 is used for providing a damping force to delay the first operation key 26 from being reset to the initial position after the switch 25 is turned off. In this embodiment, by providing the damper assembly 40 to delay the return of the first operating key 26 to the initial position after the first operating key 26 turns off the switch 25, the smoke exhaust duct 22 can continue to exhaust for a short period of time when the electrode 13 stops electrocoagulation or electrocutting, so that the smoke around the lesion can be exhausted cleanly.

Optionally, the first operation key 26 is a key, the reset component 30 is a spring, the spring is installed between the valve body 231 and the first operation key 26, one end of the spring abuts against the valve body 231, the other end of the spring abuts against the first operation key 26, the spring is compressed when the operator presses the first operation key 26, and when the external force of the operator pressing the first operation key 26 is removed, the spring drives the key to reset to the initial position through elastic force. When the spring is mounted between the housing 21 and the first operation key 26, one end of the spring abuts against the housing 21, and the other end of the spring abuts against the first operation key 26.

The first operation key 26 is not limited to a key, and may be a knob, and the operator may turn the first operation key 26 to open the first valve 23 and trigger the switch 25. When the first operation key 26 is a knob, the reset assembly 30 may be a torsion spring or a flat spiral spring installed between the valve body 231 and the first operation key 26 or between the housing 21 and the first operation key 26, and the knob is reset to the initial position by the torsion force of the torsion spring or the restoring force of the flat spiral spring.

In some embodiments, the damping assembly 40 includes a friction member 41, the friction member 41 being disposed between the valve body 231 and the valve spool 232, the friction member 41 being mounted to one of the valve body 231 and the valve spool 232, the friction member 41 providing a damping force by friction with the other of the valve body 231 and the valve spool 232.

In some embodiments, friction element 41 is a seal ring mounted to the inside wall of valve body 231 or to the outside wall of valve element 232. In this embodiment, the friction member 41 can be used for both damping force and sealing between the valve body 231 and the valve body 232, simplifying the structure.

In some embodiments, the first operation key 26 includes an electric cut key 261 and an electric coagulation key 262, the switch 25 includes an electric cut contact 251 and an electric coagulation contact 252, the electric cut key 261 triggers the electric cut contact 251 when pressed by an external force, and the electric coagulation key 262 triggers the electric coagulation contact 252 when pressed by an external force. In this embodiment, the handle has integrated therein the electro-coagulation key 261 and the electro-coagulation key 262, and by replacing the operation lever 10, it is possible to realize the switching of the electro-surgical instrument 100 between the electro-coagulation and electro-coagulation functions. Of course, the first operation key 26 may also include only one of the electric cutting key 261 and the electric coagulation key 262, and correspondingly, the switch 25 includes only one of the electric cutting contact 251 and the electric coagulation contact 252, which is specific to actual design requirements.

As shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments, the first valve 23 includes a valve body 231, a first spool 2321, and a second spool 2322, the valve body 231 includes a main body 2311, a first cylinder 2312, and a second cylinder 2313, the main body 2311 includes an inner cavity 2314 and a first interface 2315 in communication with the inner cavity 2314, and the first interface 2315 is connected to a negative pressure device through a pipe. The first cylinder 2312 is mounted on the side wall of the main body 2311 and is communicated with the inner cavity 2314, the first valve core 2321 can be movably mounted in the first cylinder 2312, the electric cutting key 261 can be movably mounted on the first cylinder 2312 and is connected with the first valve core 2321, a second interface 2316 communicated with the first cylinder 2312 is arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder 2312, and the second interface 2316 is communicated with the metal pipe 12 through a pipeline. The second cylinder 2313 is mounted on a side wall of the main body 2311 and is communicated with the inner cavity 2314, the second valve core 2322 can be movably mounted in the second cylinder 2313, the electrocoagulation key 262 can be movably mounted on the second cylinder 2313 and is connected with the second valve core 2322, and the second cylinder 2313 is communicated with the first cylinder 2312.

When the operator presses the electric cutting button 261, the electric cutting button 261 drives the end portion of the first valve core 2321, which is far away from the electric cutting button 261, to move into the inner cavity 2314 of the valve body 231, at this time, the inner cavity 2314 is communicated with the first cylinder 2312, and the smoke generated when the electrode 13 is electrically cut enters the metal tube 12 under the action of the suction force of the negative pressure device, enters the inner cavity 2314 of the valve body 231 from the second interface 2316 through the first cylinder 2312, and then flows from the first interface 2315 to the negative pressure device. When the operator presses the electro-coagulation key 262, the electro-coagulation key 262 drives the end of the second valve core 2322 away from the electro-coagulation key 262 to move into the inner cavity 2314 of the valve body 231, at this time, the inner cavity 2314 is communicated with the second cylinder 2313, and the smoke generated when the electrode 13 is electro-coagulated enters the metal tube 12 under the action of the suction force of the negative pressure device, enters the second cylinder 2313 from the second interface 2316 through the first cylinder 2312, then diffuses into the inner cavity 2314 of the valve body 231, and finally flows from the first interface 2315 to the negative pressure device.

With this embodiment, the first valve 23 integrates the electrocoagulation structure and the electrocoagulation structure with the electrocoagulation smoke evacuation structure and the electrocoagulation smoke evacuation structure, has a compact structure, reduces the complexity of the instrument, and simultaneously occupies a small space, which is beneficial to the structural design of the handle assembly 20.

Of course, the first valve 23 is not limited to the above manner, for example, in other embodiments, the second cylinder 2313 is not in communication with the first cylinder 2312, and a fourth port is provided on a side wall of the second cylinder 2313 and is in communication with the metal pipe 12 through a pipe.

As described above, the first operation key 26 may include only one of the electric cut key 261 and the electric coagulation key 262, and correspondingly, the switch 25 includes only one of the electric cut contact 251 and the electric coagulation contact 252, and when the first operation key 26 may include only one of the electric cut key 261 and the electric coagulation key 262, the first valve 23 includes the valve body 231 and the valve body 232, the valve body 231 includes the body 2311 and the cylinder, the body 2311 includes the inner cavity 2314 and the first interface 2315 communicating with the inner cavity 2314, and the first interface 2315 is connected with the negative pressure device through a pipe. The barrel is mounted on the side wall of the main body 2311 and is communicated with the inner cavity 2314, the valve core 232 can be movably mounted in the barrel, the first operation key 26 can be movably mounted on the barrel and is connected with the valve core 232, a second interface 2316 communicated with the barrel is arranged on the side wall of the barrel, and the second interface 2316 is communicated with the metal pipe 12 through a pipeline.

As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 7, in some embodiments, the electrosurgical instrument 100 further includes a cleaning line 51, a second valve 52 and a second operating key 53, one end of the cleaning line 51 being mounted inside the housing 21 and communicating with the metal tube 12, the other end of the cleaning line 51 being for connection to a cleaning liquid supply, the cleaning line 51 being for delivering a cleaning liquid into the metal tube 12 for irrigating patient tissue. The second valve 52 is installed on the cleaning pipe 51 to control the on-off of the cleaning pipe 51. The second operation key 53 is mounted on the second valve 52, and opens the second valve 52 when the second key is driven by an external force. With this embodiment, by integrating the cleaning line 51 on the handle, there is no need to add an additional set of cleaning equipment to clean the patient tissue, saving costs. The structure and connection relationship of the second valve 52 may refer to the above embodiment, and will not be described herein. The second operation key 53 may be a key or a knob, and the implementation scheme may also refer to the above-mentioned embodiment, which is not described herein.

As shown in fig. 1, 5, 7 and 8, in some embodiments, the electrosurgical instrument 100 further includes a drain line 61, a third valve 62 and a third operation key 63, one end of the drain line 61 being in communication with the metal pipe 12, the other end of the drain line 61 being for connection to a negative pressure device, the drain line 61 being for sucking waste liquid generated after rinsing the patient tissue. The third valve 62 is installed on the drain line 61 to control on-off of the drain line 61. The third operation key 63 is mounted on the third valve 62, and the second key opens the third valve 62 when driven by an external force. In this embodiment, by integrating the drain line 61 on the handle, there is no need to add an additional drain to aspirate the waste liquid generated after rinsing the patient tissue, saving costs. The structure and connection relationship of the third valve 62 may refer to the above embodiment, and will not be described herein. The third operation key 63 may be a key or a knob, and the implementation scheme may also refer to the above-mentioned embodiment, which is not described herein.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the first valve 23 includes an inner cavity 2314, a first interface 2315, a second interface 2316 and a third interface 2317, the first interface 2315, the second interface 2316 and the third interface 2317 are all communicated with the inner cavity 2314, the smoke exhaust pipeline 22 includes a first pipe section 221 and a second pipe section 222, the first pipe section 221 is connected with the negative pressure device and the first interface 2315, the second pipe section 222 is connected with the second interface 2316 and the metal pipe 12, and the first valve 23 is used for controlling on-off between the second interface 2316 and the inner cavity 2314. The drain pipe 61 connects the metal pipe 12 and the third joint 2317, so that the drain pipe 61 and the smoke exhaust pipe 22 share the second pipe section 222 and the negative pressure device. With this embodiment, the fusion of the smoke evacuation line 22 and the drain line 61 in operation is achieved, the use of one line can be reduced, and the operation is simplified, which is more advantageous for the doctor.

It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the drain line 61 may be connected to the negative pressure device through another separate pipe, that is, the drain line 61 and the smoke exhaust line 22 do not share the second pipe section 222.

As shown in fig. 1 and 8, in some embodiments, the first operation key 26, the second operation key 53 and the third operation key 63 are all keys, the housing 21 includes a handle portion 211 and a handle back 212 opposite to the handle portion 211, the first operation key 26 is disposed on the handle portion 211, the second operation key 53 and the third operation key 63 are disposed side by side on the handle back 212 and near the first end of the handle, and the operation lever 10 is connected to the first end of the handle. In this embodiment, when the operator holds the handle, the first operation key 26 is opposite to the four fingers of the palm of the human body, the second operation key 53 and the third operation key 63 are opposite to the thumb of the palm of the human body, and the operator can conveniently press the first operation key 26, the second operation key 53 and the third operation key 63 in accordance with the ergonomics.

In some embodiments, the aperture of the purge line 51 is smaller than the aperture of the drain line 61. By providing the cleaning line 51 with a smaller aperture, a greater pressure is provided during the irrigation of the patient tissue, which is advantageous for removing residual eschar of the patient after the electrocoagulation and the electrotome operations. The larger aperture is provided by the drain line 61 because a larger flow rate is required for the discharge of the waste liquid.

While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electrosurgical instrument, comprising:

2. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the travel of the first operation key comprises a first position, a second position, and a third position, the second position being between the first position and the third position, the first valve being in a closed state when the first position, the first valve being open when the first operation key is operated to the second position, the first operation key being operated to the third position, the switch being triggered; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

the stroke of the first operation key comprises a first position and a second position, the first valve is in a closed state when in the first position, and the switch is triggered when the first operation key is operated to the second position and the first valve is opened.

3. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first valve comprises a valve body and a spool movably mounted within the valve body, the first operating key movably mounted to the valve body and connected to the spool, the electrosurgical instrument further comprising:

the reset component is arranged between the valve body and the first operation key or between the shell and the first operation key, and is used for providing a restoring force so as to drive the first operation key to reset when the external force pressing the first operation key is removed, and the switch is disconnected and the valve core is driven to return to the initial position in the resetting process of the first operation key so as to close the valve;

the damping component is arranged between the valve body and the valve core or between the valve body and the first operation key or between the first operation key and the shell, and is used for providing damping force so that the first operation key delays the first operation key to reset to the initial position after the switch is disconnected.

4. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 3, wherein the damping assembly includes a friction member disposed between the valve body and the valve cartridge, the friction member being mounted to one of the valve body and the valve cartridge, the friction member providing the damping force by friction with the other of the valve body and the valve cartridge.

5. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 4, wherein the friction member is a seal ring mounted to an inner sidewall of the valve body or to an outer sidewall of the valve cartridge.

6. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first operation key comprises an electro-cutting key and an electro-coagulation key, the switch comprises an electro-cutting contact and an electro-coagulation contact, the electro-cutting key triggers the electro-cutting contact when pressed by an external force, and the electro-coagulation key triggers the electro-coagulation contact when pressed by an external force.

7. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 6, wherein the first valve comprises a valve body, a first valve cartridge, and a second valve cartridge, the valve body comprising:

the main body comprises an inner cavity and a first interface communicated with the inner cavity, and the first interface is connected with the negative pressure device through a pipeline;

the first cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the main body and is communicated with the inner cavity, the first valve core can be movably arranged in the first cylinder, the electric cutting key can be movably arranged on the first cylinder and is connected with the first valve core, a second interface communicated with the first cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the first cylinder, and the second interface is communicated with the metal pipe through a pipeline;

the second cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the main body and is communicated with the inner cavity, the second valve core can be movably arranged in the second cylinder, the electrocoagulation key can be movably arranged in the second cylinder and is connected with the second valve core, and the second cylinder is communicated with the first cylinder.

8. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the first valve comprises a valve body and a valve spool, the valve body comprising:

the cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the main body and is communicated with the inner cavity, the valve core can be movably arranged in the cylinder, the first operation key can be movably arranged in the cylinder and is connected with the valve core, a second interface communicated with the cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder, and the second interface is communicated with the metal pipe through a pipeline.

9. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising:

one end of the cleaning pipeline is arranged in the shell and is communicated with the metal pipe, the other end of the cleaning pipeline is connected to a cleaning liquid supply device, and the cleaning pipeline is used for conveying cleaning liquid into the metal pipe to wash patient tissues;

the second valve is arranged on the cleaning pipeline to control the on-off of the cleaning pipeline;

the second operation key is arranged on the second valve, and the second valve is opened when the second key is driven by external force.

10. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 9, further comprising:

one end of the liquid discharge pipeline is communicated with the metal pipe, the other end of the liquid discharge pipeline is used for being connected to a negative pressure device, and the liquid discharge pipeline is used for sucking waste liquid generated after washing patient tissues;

the third valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipeline to control the on-off of the liquid discharge pipeline;

and the third operation key is arranged on the third valve, and the third valve is opened when the second key is driven by external force.

11. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 10, wherein the first valve comprises a lumen, a first port, a second port, and a third port, the first port, the second port, and the third port each communicating with the lumen, the smoke evacuation line comprising a first tube segment and a second tube segment, the first tube segment connecting the negative pressure device and the first port, the second tube segment connecting the second port and the metal tube, the first valve for controlling the on-off between the second port and the lumen;

the liquid discharge pipeline is connected with the metal pipe and the third connector, so that the liquid discharge pipeline and the smoke exhaust pipeline share the second pipe section and the negative pressure device.

12. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 10, wherein the first, second, and third operating keys are keys mounted to the housing.

13. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 12, wherein the housing includes a handle portion and a handle back opposite the handle portion, the first operating key being disposed on the handle portion, the second operating key and the third operating key being disposed side-by-side on the handle back and proximate the first end of the handle, the lever being coupled to the first end of the handle.

14. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 10, wherein the cleaning line has a smaller aperture than the drain line.

15. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the lever is detachably connected to the handle assembly.