CN116348332A - System and method for fast charging of a battery using combined constant current and constant voltage charging - Google Patents
System and method for fast charging of a battery using combined constant current and constant voltage charging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a charging system (10) and a method of rapidly charging a battery. Accordingly, the charging system (10) and method includes continuously monitoring data related to one or more batteries (100) by a BMS (105), using a control unit and reading a state of charge (SOC) of the batteries (100). If the state of charge of the battery (100) is detected to be less than a predetermined BSOC, the charger (110) is set to a constant current mode for rapid charging of the battery (100). If it is detected that the state of charge of the battery (100) is greater than the predetermined BSOC and less than the full charge capacity of the battery (100), the charger (110) is set to a constant voltage mode for slow and safer charging of the battery (100).
Description
Technical Field
The present subject matter relates to batteries. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to systems and methods for charging batteries.
Background
The increasing demand for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries has accelerated the need for new optimal charging methods to increase the speed and reliability of the charging process without degrading battery performance and life. Over the past decade, many efforts have been made to develop optimal charging strategies for commercial lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are being commercialized for plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) because of the advantages of higher energy density and longer life of lithium ion batteries compared to lead-acid and nickel metal hydride alternatives. EV or hybrid vehicles require an on-board battery to power their electric drive system and use an electric machine as a prime mover. However, the battery charging process is more cumbersome and complex than the refuelling of a fuel-driven internal combustion engine. In addition, the charging speed of lithium ion batteries is just the main bottleneck in the popularization of electric vehicles.
Drawings
The detailed description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same numbers will be used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components.
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of elements that interact to perform the disclosed methods.
FIG. 2 illustrates a graphical representation of current and voltage versus time according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates a flow chart of the disclosed method of rapidly charging a battery.
Detailed Description
Various features and embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the following further description of the invention. It is contemplated that the present disclosure may be applied to any vehicle without departing from the spirit of the present subject matter. A detailed description of the structure of the portions other than the present invention constituting the main portion has been omitted where appropriate.
In general, the high cost of fossil-based fuels and their impact on pollution is leading to the development of alternative vehicles. In addition, original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and customers are being forced to walk up the way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. One possible way is to electrify the powertrain that is capable of driving the vehicle while leaving room inside the vehicle to configure a battery pack large enough to provide adequate range of use at one charge. The electric automobile is powered by a battery. Another possible approach includes configuring the vehicle with a hybrid system to operate using multiple energy sources, one of which is a battery. In order to provide a satisfactory user experience, a fully charged battery plays a very critical role. However, it requires a large amount of energy to charge the batteries and maintain the state of charge of the batteries. Unnecessary charging or overcharging of the battery can negatively impact the energy efficiency of the battery.
The main popular lithium ion batteries operate safely within a specified operating voltage; however, if the battery is inadvertently charged to a voltage higher than the specified voltage, the battery may become unstable. For example, for a lithium ion battery designed as a 4.10 volt/cell, prolonged charging beyond 4 volts can result in the formation of a metallic lithium plate on the anode, which is undesirable. Further, as a result, the cathode material becomes an oxidizing agent, loses stability and generates carbon dioxide (CO 2).
Generally, lithium ion battery charging strategies can be broadly divided into three categories according to internal models. The first category is model-free methods, including Constant Current (CC), constant current constant voltage (CC-CV), multi-stage CC-CV, and pulsed charging techniques. These methods incorporate predefined charging profiles (profiles) with fixed current, voltage and/or power limits. However, the battery dynamics response based on the provided inputs is ignored, which results in one or more of the problems mentioned previously. Thus, this motivates and requires designers to explore advanced charging strategies to meet the rapid charging requirements while mitigating any adverse impact on battery state of health (SOH). The second type of charging strategy utilizes empirical models, such as equivalent circuit based models and neural network models. These models use past experimental data to predict battery status and calculate electrical components. Empirical model calculations are fast and simple, but do not reflect physical-based parameters and battery aging. Thus, the empirical model-oriented charge control protocol may not work properly after certain periods. The third class of charging methods is based on electrochemical models controlled by more complex dynamics and transport equations. Closed loop optimization problems can be formulated to minimize charge time and compensate for model uncertainty and disturbances. In addition, temperature changes can also be predicted using equations related to heat. This electrochemical-based control approach approximates real-time battery functionality when designed to work with a state observer. However, the cumbersome computational complexity of this charging method and solving the associated full-order nonlinear Partial Differential Equation (PDE) limits the further application of this method in real-time charging controllers.
In addition, increasing the charge rate may lead to undesirable temperature increases and accelerate side reactions in the battery. Therefore, a tradeoff between fast charge and battery health needs to be considered simultaneously. Therefore, the optimal charging scheme of the battery has attracted a great deal of attention in the research field of EV/PHEV. An appropriate optimal charging protocol is desired to improve charging efficiency, minimize any performance degradation, and maintain safe operation of Lithium Ion Battery (LIB) systems. Typically, battery chargers are designed to charge the battery using a CC-CV charging profile. In a CC-CV charger, the battery is initially charged at a constant current until the battery voltage reaches a preset maximum charge voltage, and then the charge voltage remains constant until the current drops to a preset minimum. The charger constant voltage corresponds to the battery maximum voltage.
However, the transition from constant current charging to constant voltage charging depends on the voltage drop (IxR) of the circuit, where R represents the series resistance between the charger and the battery and I represents the current. The transition point can be further extended by reducing the equivalent series resistance. However, it is not possible to completely eliminate the transition point. After the transition point, the charger voltage remains constant while the battery voltage increases as the battery charges. This transition typically occurs around 75% to 80% of the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Notably, after the transition point, the charge rate drops sharply. Thus, the time required to charge the battery to 75% soc using CC charging is equal to the time required to charge the remaining 25% soc using CV charging. The increase in charging time is as follows:
t cc -time required to charge the battery to 75% in constant current mode
t cv The time required to charge the battery from 75% to 100% in constant voltage mode is in the conventional CC-CV charging method, typically
t cc ＝t cv
Thus, the total charging time is as follows:
t chargin.cccv ＝t cc +t cv
t charg ing.cccv ＝2 t cc
similarly, when the battery is charged using the pure constant current mode instead of the constant voltage mode:
t charging.cc -the time required to charge the battery only by constant current mode up to 100% soc
As a result, the total charge time in the CCCV mode proved to be 1.5 times the total charge time in the CC mode, as shown in the following formula:
in fact, when constant current charging is not employed, a 50% increase in time is observed. In the known art, in order to reduce the time required to charge the battery, it is proposed to charge the battery with a constant current until the battery is fully charged. In the known technique, when it is detected that the battery is fully charged, the charging is stopped. However, in the known art, the battery full charge state is determined by the IR 'drop, where R' represents the series resistance. Since the series impedance is a variable parameter and depends on environmental conditions, battery temperature, SOC, battery life, etc., it is difficult to dynamically estimate an accurate value of the series impedance when charging the battery. Therefore, the possibility of overcharging the battery is high. Since lithium ion batteries are temperature and voltage sensitive, they may explode in the event of overcharge. When the charge termination is based solely on battery voltage measurements, the challenges become more complex.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop an active, efficient, reliable, durable, and safe charging system and method to achieve overall optimal charging goals in terms of battery implementation, charging duration, and health awareness requirements.
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a charging system and method for rapidly charging a battery that obviates one or more of the above-described drawbacks and other problems in the known art.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a robust and efficient SOC-based monitoring system and method for reducing the duration of charging a battery.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for formulating an active charging strategy with an optimal control method based on a predetermined SOC value to rapidly charge a battery.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for monitoring the SOC of each battery and actively balancing the SOC of each battery in the event of any imbalance detected.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for reducing battery charging time and providing optimal battery performance and thermal management.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for rapidly charging a battery that is easy to implement and maintains the optimal state of health of the battery while maintaining the battery safe.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method to eliminate/minimize reactant concentration buildup at the electrodes and concentration overpotential in the cell.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for rapidly charging a battery with a shorter charging time and a higher charging efficiency.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a charging system and method for accelerating the battery charging process and reducing peak stresses on the battery.
Furthermore, the details, as well as other features and advantages of the present invention, are set forth in the remainder of the specification and are shown in the accompanying drawings. The present subject matter is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description and drawings merely illustrate the principles of the present subject matter. Various arrangements may be devised which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, nevertheless embody the principles of the present subject matter. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and examples of the subject matter, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof.
Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of elements of a charging system that interact to perform the disclosed methods. This is an exemplary representation and in no way limits the scope of the present subject matter. A charging system (10) and method for rapidly charging a battery are disclosed. Accordingly, according to one aspect of the present invention, the charging system (10) includes one or more batteries (100), a Battery Management System (BMS) (105), a charger (110) interconnected in a circuit, and a control unit. In one embodiment of the invention, the charger (110) receives an input voltage (120). According to one aspect of the invention, the BMS (105) is configured to receive and process data from the one or more batteries (100) and the BMS (105), and is configured to send a signal to the charger (110). In one embodiment of the invention, the BMS (105) is configured to receive and process data from individual ones of the one or more batteries (100). According to one aspect of the invention, the BMS (105) is further configured to continuously monitor a state of charge (SOC) of the one or more batteries (100). In one embodiment of the invention, the charger (110) is configured to charge the one or more batteries (100) in a Constant Current (CC) mode or a Constant Voltage (CV) mode at a given point in time.
FIG. 2 illustrates a graphical representation of current and voltage versus time according to an embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, a constant current and constant voltage (CC/CV) charging method is employed in charging a lithium ion battery, wherein the constant current is prolonged based on predetermined conditions. According to one embodiment, the predetermined condition is based on a state of charge of the battery (100). In one embodiment of the invention, the battery (100) is initially charged with a constant current supplied by the charger (110) until the battery voltage reaches a predetermined (battery state of charge) BSOC, and then the charge is transitioned to a constant voltage for a slow and safer charge until the battery (100) reaches a full charge capacity state. In one embodiment of the invention, the full charge capacity is a predetermined standard maximum charge value equal to 100% state of charge of the battery (100). According to one embodiment of the invention, the predetermined (battery state of charge) BSOC of the battery (100) is in the range of 95% to 99.5% state of charge. According to an embodiment of the invention, the BMS (105) receives and processes data from the battery (105) to calculate a battery state of charge. In one aspect of the invention, the BMS (105) sends a signal to the charger (110) according to the predetermined (state of charge) BSOC of the battery (100). According to one aspect of the present invention, the BMS (105) transmits a signal to the charger (110) to charge the battery (100) with a constant current until the state of charge of the battery (100) reaches the predetermined (state of charge) BSOC. In one aspect of the invention, once the battery (100) reaches the predetermined (state of charge) BSOC, the BMS (105) sends a signal to the charger (110) to change the charging of the battery (100) to a constant voltage supplied by the charger (110). According to one embodiment of the invention, the BMS (105) continuously monitors the state of charge of the battery (100). In one aspect of the present invention, the BMS (105) transmits a signal to the charger (110) to charge the battery (100) with a constant voltage until the state of charge of the battery (100) reaches 100%, and stops charging once the state of charge of the battery is equal to or greater than 100%. According to an embodiment of the invention, the constant voltage of the charger (110) corresponds to the maximum battery voltage. Accordingly, the disclosed charging system (10) and method for fast charging implements the predetermined BSOC parameter for transitioning from Constant Current (CC) mode to constant voltage mode (CV). In the known art, even if the battery SOC is fully charged, the battery voltage gives false readings, which can lead to overcharging the battery. According to additional embodiments, the disclosed charging system (10) and method of fast charging is independent of voltage readings and continuously monitors the SOC. Thus, the disclosed charging system (10) and method of fast charging is more reliable than known voltage-dependent methods.
According to one embodiment of the invention, line C-C 'represents the charger voltage and B-B' represents the battery voltage. In one embodiment, the transition point TP represents the switching from (constant current) CC to (constant voltage) CV in a conventional CC-CV charging method. According to one embodiment, the charging system (10) and method of fast charging according to one aspect of the invention has an extended constant current supply and a modified transition point TP'. In one embodiment, line B' -B "represents the extended constant current charged battery voltage of the disclosed charging system (10) and method for fast charging according to the present disclosure. The charger voltage for constant current charging is denoted by C' -C ". According to an embodiment of the invention, the BMS (105) triggers the charger (110) at the modified transition point TP' at the predetermined BSOC. Accordingly, from the modified transition point TP', the constant voltage charging time for full charge decreases, and thus, the amount of time required to charge the battery (100) decreases. Accordingly, the disclosed charging system (10) and method provide for rapid charging of the battery (100) with less charging time and improved charging efficiency, improved reliability, durability, and safety. Accordingly, from B' to A, the voltage is constantThe time required for the battery (100) to charge to 100% soc. The line CC-CC' represents the current. According to the charging system (10) and method of fast charging, the battery current for extended constant current charging is represented by the curve CC' -CC ". The battery current for the CC-CV conventional charging method is represented by curve Z. Curve Z' is the battery current for a constant voltage charge time according to one aspect of the present invention. Here, N-N 'is the axis along the modified transition point TP'. T-T' is the axis on which the normal transition point TP is located in the known conventional CC-CV algorithm. The battery voltage for conventional CC-CV charging is represented by B' -Y. The line N-N' is extended to cut on the X axis. According to one aspect, shown at T in FIG. 2 m At line M-M' passing through the A-cut X-axis and at T o Another line O-O' passing through the Y-cut X-axis. According to one aspect, T o -T m ＝T s This is the time saved with the fast charging method of the present invention.
According to the present invention, when the BSOC is set to 95%,
T charging.cccv ＝t cc +(20/75)*t cc +(5/25)*t cc ＝1.46t cc
thus, if the BSOC is 95%, the time saving is 1.5 to 1.46 times, i.e., 2.6% (1.5-1.46)/(1.5) decrease. When the BSOC is set to 99.5%,
T charging.cccv ＝t cc +(24.5/75)*t cc +(0.05/25)*t cc ＝1.332t cc
thus, if the BSOC is 99.5%, the time saving is 1.5 to 1.332 times, i.e., 11.2% (1.5-1.332)/(1.5) decrease. According to one aspect of the invention, the charging system (10) is configured to charge according to the following control equation:
T charging.cccv ＝t cc +((BSOC-75)/75)*t cc +((100-BSOC)/25)*t cc .。
fig. 3 illustrates a flow chart of the disclosed charging system (10) and method for rapidly charging a battery. When starting battery charging, a first step (205) comprises reading the BMS (105) data by receiving an input using a control unit. The next step (210) includes fault detection, which may include any faults detected in the one or more batteries (100), faults detected in the circuit, and the like. If a fault is detected at step (210), a signal is sent to stop the charging process at the next step (245). If no error is detected in step (210), control proceeds to the next step. A next step (215) includes checking the one or more battery states of charge (SOCs), and if the battery states of charge (SOCs) are less than the predetermined (battery state of charge) BSOC, setting the charger (110) to a Constant Current (CC) mode by a control unit and charging the battery (100) via the Constant Current (CC) (step 225). However, according to an embodiment of the present invention, if the state of charge (SOC) of the battery (100) is greater than the predetermined state of charge (BSOC), a next step (220) includes checking whether the state of charge (SOC) of the battery (100) is less than 100%. According to the disclosed method of rapidly charging batteries, if the state of charge (SOC) of the one or more batteries (100) is less than 100% and greater than the predetermined state of charge BSOC, the charger (110) is set to a Constant Voltage (CV) mode to charge the batteries (100) (step 230). If the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is greater than or equal to 100% (step 220), charging is stopped (step 245). According to the charging system (10) and method for rapidly charging batteries, the BMS (105) continuously monitors the state of charge of the one or more batteries (100) and stops charging if a fault is detected (step 240). Therefore, according to the charging system (10) and method for rapidly charging a battery disclosed in the present invention, the battery (100) is charged with a Constant Current (CC) via the charger (110) until the state of charge of the battery (100) is less than the predetermined state of charge BSOC, thereby extending the period of time for charging the battery (100) by a constant current mode. Accordingly, the disclosed charging system (10) and method provide an active charging method to achieve overall optimal charging goals in terms of implementation, charging duration, and health awareness requirements of the battery (100) while overcoming all of the aforementioned problems.
According to the above-described architecture, the main efficacy of the present invention is that the charging system and method provide extended constant current charging based on an accurate (state of charge) SOC to achieve a reduction in charging time at the time of rapid charging while still ensuring reliability, durability, life and safety of the battery cells. Therefore, the battery is safe with an active charging strategy employing an optimal control method for rapidly charging the battery based on a predetermined SOC value.
According to the above-described configuration, the second effect of the present invention is that the predetermined (state of charge) SOC whose value is configured in the range of 98% to 99.5% causes the transition point of the Constant Current (CC) to the Constant Voltage (CV) to shift in the latter stage, thereby achieving a shortened charge cycle time. This results in the battery being charged in a fast charge mode (i.e., with a constant current for a longer time), and allows the transition point for the constant voltage charge mode to be configured to be as close as possible to a full charge state. Overall, therefore, the duration of charging the battery is significantly reduced. The above method thus also provides a simple, cost-effective and accurate solution.
In addition, the number of batteries may be changed as needed. For example, the battery pack may be constituted of three batteries or five batteries or more.
Therefore, even if the number of contained batteries is changed, optimal charging of the batteries can be achieved by a method using the BMS. As a result, the disclosed charging system and method for rapidly charging a battery may be applied to various types of batteries and accordingly select a predetermined state of charge.
List of reference numerals
10. Charging system
100. Battery cell
105 BMS (Battery management system)
110. Charger (charger)
115. Signal sent from BMS to charger
120. Input supply received by charger
BSOC predetermined state of charge
CC constant current
CV constant voltage
Claims (6)
1. A charging system (10) for a vehicle, the charging system (10) comprising:
one or more batteries (100);
a charger (110), the charger (110) being in electronic communication with the control unit;
a Battery Management System (BMS) (105);
wherein the charger (110) is configured to supply a constant current for a predetermined duration until the SOC of the one or more batteries (100) is less than a predetermined BSOC (battery state of charge);
wherein the BMS (105) is configured to determine a charging mode of the charger (100) and the one or more control units are configured to continuously monitor BSOC (battery state of charge); and is also provided with
Wherein the charger (110) is configured to supply a constant voltage when the SOC (state of charge) of the one or more batteries (100) is greater than a predetermined BSOC (battery state of charge) determined by the control unit, and the BMS (105) and the charger (110) are configured to stop charging when the SOC is equal to full charge.
2. The charging system (10) of claim 1, wherein the predetermined BSOC is a parameter for switching from a Constant Current (CC) mode to a constant voltage mode (CV), and a value of the predetermined BSOC (battery state of charge) is in a range of 95% to 99.5%.
3. The charging system (10) of claim 1, wherein the constant voltage of the charger (110) corresponds to a maximum voltage of the battery (100).
4. A method of rapidly charging a battery, the method comprising:
continuously monitoring health data of the one or more batteries (100) by the BMS (105) using the control unit;
reading a state of charge (SOC) of the battery (100);
if it is detected that the state of charge of the battery (100) is less than a predetermined state of charge BSOC, setting a charger (110) to a constant current mode and supplying a constant current for rapidly charging the battery (100);
-if it is detected that the state of charge of the battery (100) is greater than the predetermined state of charge BSOC and less than the full charge capacity of the battery (100), setting the charger (110) to a constant voltage mode and supplying a constant voltage for a slow and safer charging of the battery (100); and
if the state of charge is equal to the full charge capacity of the battery (100), charging of the battery (100) is stopped.
5. The method of fast charging a battery according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined state of charge BSOC of the battery (100) is in the range of 95% to 99.5%.
6. A method of rapidly charging a battery according to claim 1, wherein the full charge capacity is a predetermined standard maximum charge value equal to 100% state of charge of the battery (100).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN202041047380 | 2020-10-29 | ||
| IN202041047380 | 2020-10-29 | ||
| PCT/IN2020/051073 WO2022091109A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-12-31 | A system and method for fast charging a battery using combined constant current and constant voltage charging |
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| CN116348332A true CN116348332A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| CN202080106467.8A Pending CN116348332A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-12-31 | System and method for fast charging of a battery using combined constant current and constant voltage charging |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240010090A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4237276A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN116348332A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2023004910A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022091109A1 (en) |
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| WO2024138883A1 (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2024-07-04 | 铅锂智行(北京)科技有限公司 | Charger charging method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8754614B2 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2014-06-17 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Fast charging of battery using adjustable voltage control |
| US8643342B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2014-02-04 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Fast charging with negative ramped current profile |
| US8629657B2 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2014-01-14 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | State of charge range |
| US9114709B2 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-08-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Limited operating strategy for an electric vehicle |
| GB2518759A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-04-01 | Daimler Ag | Battery management system for a motor vehicle |
| KR101880195B1 (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-07-20 | 한국과학기술원 | Optimized battery charging method based on thermodynamic information of a battery |
| US10682920B2 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-06-16 | Nio Usa, Inc. | Ultra-fast charge profile for an electric vehicle |
-
2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202080106467.8A patent/CN116348332A/en active Pending
- 2020-12-31 EP EP20848726.4A patent/EP4237276A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-31 WO PCT/IN2020/051073 patent/WO2022091109A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-12-31 MX MX2023004910A patent/MX2023004910A/en unknown
- 2020-12-31 US US18/034,610 patent/US20240010090A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| MX2023004910A (en) | 2023-05-16 |
| EP4237276A1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
| WO2022091109A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
| US20240010090A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
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