CN116347744A - Liquid cooling high-gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system loaded by magnetic material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high frequency system, which comprises a liquid cooling magnetic alloy cavity, an electron tube power source system and a low level control system, wherein the liquid cooling magnetic alloy cavity is provided with a magnetic material loading cavity; the liquid-cooled magnetic alloy cavity comprises a cavity body, a magnetic alloy ring, a bus parallel feeder power transmission device and a cavity oil cooling system; the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the first Tank cavity, the third Tank cavity and the fifth Tank cavity in parallel and then connected to the first valve output end of the valve power source system, and the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the second Tank cavity, the fourth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity in parallel and then connected to the second valve output end of the valve power source system; the cavity oil cooling system adopts a direct oil cooling structure to cool the cavity body; the low level control system is used for controlling the voltage of the cavity. The invention can be applied to a high-frequency system of a synchronous accelerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquid cooling high-gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system loaded by magnetic materials, and relates to the technical field of accelerators.
Background
The new generation of strong current heavy ion synchrotron has the characteristics of synchronous fast circulation, strong current high energy and the like, and the synchrotron requires the extracted beam to have the characteristics of high current intensity, high energy and high quality. Based on the above requirements, the new generation of heavy-current heavy-ion synchrotron provides high technical index requirements of low frequency, high accelerating voltage gradient, wide working frequency band, rapid voltage rise and the like for a high-frequency system.
A broadband power source is one of the core devices of a high frequency system, and is mainly used for providing all power energy for the high frequency system. The wide-band power sources of synchrotrons are mainly of two types: a kind of all solid-state type power source, its main characteristic is to adopt the multistage synthesis of the miniwatt module, low-voltage power supply and antireflection strong, etc., but because of the solid-state module volume limit, the large-power solid-state power source needs the quantity of the cabinet, the volume is large, and its power output end can only connect the characteristic impedance to be 50 ohm load; the other is an electron tube type power source, which is designed by taking an electron quadrupole tube as a core and matching with each stage of power supply and a cooling device, and is mainly characterized in that the output power of a single power source is large (tens of millions to megawatts), the load impedance matching range is large, the capacity of the load impedance matching range is strong, and the like, and meanwhile, a filter cannot be designed due to a broadband working mode, so that the load voltage waveform and the harmonic suppression degree are poor, and high-quality beam current cannot be obtained. In addition, the power source power coupling mainly comprises two modes of magnetic coupling and capacitive coupling, the two modes of coupling generally require a matching load with a coupling port of 50 ohms, the output impedance of the magnetic alloy cavity is far higher than 50 ohms due to the requirement of a high voltage gradient, the cavity has a wide working frequency bandwidth, and the fluctuation range of the output impedance value is large, so that the matching of the power source and the cavity is a difficult problem.
The prior art discloses a synchronous accelerator high-frequency system, a frequency and cavity pressure regulating method thereof, a 0.63-5.33 MHz/2 multiplied by 5kW synchronous ring high-frequency cavity system and the like. The high-frequency system of the synchrotron and the high-frequency system of the frequency and cavity pressure regulation method are mainly used for the proton synchrotron, and the accelerated particle types only have protons; the magnetic alloy cavity is a cavity of a single acceleration gap air cooling type, the power source is an all-solid-state power source, and the low level is a control system based on cPCI. The power source of the 0.63-5.33 MHz/2×5kW synchronous ring high-frequency cavity system is an all-solid-state power source, the power input to the cavity adopts a magnetic coupling mode, and the characteristic impedance of a matched load of the power source can only be 50 ohms.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system loaded by magnetic materials, which can realize various beam operation functions such as capturing, accelerating, compressing and the like of all particles from proton beams to uranium beams and has the advantages of low frequency, high accelerating gradient, large bandwidth and quick response.
In order to achieve the purpose of the aspects, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high frequency system, which comprises a liquid cooling magnetic alloy cavity, an electron tube power source system and a low level control system; the liquid-cooled magnetic alloy cavity comprises a cavity body, magnetic alloy rings, a bus parallel feeder power transmission device and a cavity oil cooling system, wherein a plurality of Tank cavities are arranged in the cavity body at intervals, each Tank cavity comprises a plurality of magnetic alloy rings, and the Tank cavities are defined as first to sixth Tank cavities along the front and back of the cavity; the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the first, third and fifth Tank cavities in parallel and then connected to the first valve output end of the valve power source system, and the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the second, fourth and sixth Tank cavities in parallel and then connected to the second valve output end of the valve power source system; the cavity oil cooling system adopts a direct oil cooling structure to cool the cavity body; the low level control system is used for controlling the voltage of the cavity.
Further, the cavity oil cooling system comprises an oil cooling machine and an oil cooling pipeline, the top of the cavity corresponding to each bank cavity is provided with a cavity oil outlet box, the bottom of the cavity of each bank cavity is provided with a cavity oil inlet box, each cavity oil inlet box is provided with an oil drain valve, each cavity oil outlet box is provided with an exhaust valve, all bank cavities share the oil cooling pipeline, an oil inlet pipe of each bank is connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooling machine in a summarizing way through the oil cooling pipeline, and an oil return pipe of each bank is connected with an oil inlet of the oil cooling machine in a summarizing way through the oil cooling pipeline.
Further, the rear end parts of the first Tank cavity, the third Tank cavity and the fifth Tank cavity, and the front end parts of the second Tank cavity, the fourth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity are respectively provided with a magnetic alloy cavity inner buckling type glass fiber insulation cover plate, and the magnetic alloy cavity inner buckling type glass fiber insulation cover plates and the cavity body are sealed through a magnetic alloy cavity oil cooling sealing ring; and the outer ends of the first Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity are provided with a cavity stainless steel short-circuit cover plate in a sealing manner through an oil rubber ring.
Further, the magnetic alloy ring adopts a nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring, and the magnetic alloy ring adopts SiO of an iron-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy strip passing strip 2 Insulating coating, equal tension winding of a strip, high Wen Jiaci heat treatment of a wound magnetic ring and encapsulation of the end faces of the magnetic alloy rings.
Further, the power source system comprises a front-stage solid-state power source, a broadband transmission line transformer power distribution circuit and a final-stage electron tube, wherein the final-stage electron tube comprises a first electron tube and a second electron tube;
the front-stage solid-state power source is sent to the grid input ends of the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube through the broadband transmission line transformer power distribution circuit, and the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube amplify power to hundred kilowatts and then send the power to corresponding Tank cavities through the bus parallel feeder power transmission device through a coupling capacitor.
Further, the broadband 1-division 2 power divider circuit developed based on the transmission line transformer technology is adopted in the broadband power divider circuit, the broadband 1-division 2 power divider circuit comprises a transmission line transformer wound based on a ferrite core, the input end of the transmission line transformer is connected with the front-stage solid-state power source, the two output ends of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with the grid electrodes of the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube, and the two output ends of the transmission line transformer are respectively grounded through a matching resistor.
Further, the final-stage electron tube adopts a dual-electron quadrupole push-pull type power output structure, and the anode of the final-stage electron tube is connected with a power supply through a choke coil.
Further, the low-level control system performs voltage full-range high-precision amplitude control on the cavity radio frequency voltage through dynamic gain control, and the specific process of the dynamic gain control is as follows:
by adding an automatic gain adjustment device on the sampling signal processing circuit, the gain changes along with the change of the input waveform, and when the amplitude of the input waveform is low, the gain of the system is increased; when the amplitude of the input waveform is increased, the gain of the system is reduced, and the amplitude variation range when the signal reaches the analog-to-digital conversion device is reduced;
automatically detecting the signal amplitude of an input signal;
and carrying out amplitude judgment and adjustment on the detected input signal according to the measuring range of the analog-to-digital converter device.
Further, the low level control system further performs full-range high-precision amplitude control on the cavity voltage by downsampling and filtering to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
the cavity radio frequency voltage sampling signal is converted by an ADC and then enters a data processing module;
the data processing module adopts a two-stage comb filter and a one-stage FIR filter to simultaneously combine the frequency division technology to carry out diversified frequency division on the clock frequency, so as to realize the data processing after the analog-digital conversion.
Further, the low level control system adopts a self-adaptive feedforward and feedback method to accurately control the high voltage narrow pulse in the cavity voltage beam group compression mode, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting an initial feedforward quantity u 0 (t) =0, the low level control system outputs a voltage set point;
s2, comparing the cavity voltage sampling value with a voltage set value to obtain a control error, performing feedback control on the control error, and outputting a low-level output value u k (t) storing in RAM;
s3, feedback control is carried out on the control error again, and feedforward control quantity u is added on the basis of the feedback control k (t) simultaneously outputting the current low level output value u k+1 (t) storing in RAM;
s4, repeating the step S3 until the control error meets the requirement or the iteration number reaches the set maximum value.
The invention adopts the technical proposal and has the following characteristics:
1. the high-frequency system of the synchrotron needs to realize the full particle beam operation from proton beam to heavy ion uranium beam, so the high-frequency system needs to have lower frequency, larger bandwidth, small charge-mass ratio of heavy ion beam, higher energy for accelerating heavy ion beam, higher accelerating voltage gradient for providing a high-frequency cavity, and because the high-frequency system magnetic alloy cavity adopts a liquid cooling multi-accelerating gap structure, the magnetic ring loaded by the cavity is high mu' p The Qf value and the low Q value are characterized by the magnetic alloy ring, so that the magnetic alloy ring has higher accelerating voltage gradient and wider working frequency band.
2. The magnetic alloy cavity has high working voltage, high loss power and high power density of the loaded magnetic alloy ring, so that the magnetic alloy ring heats seriously, and the cooling mode and the cooling efficiency are difficult problems; the magnetic alloy cavity adopts a direct liquid cooling scheme, so that the cooling efficiency of the magnetic alloy ring is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the direct oil cooling scheme is selected in the direct liquid cooling scheme, so that the problems of magnetic ring corrosion, serious high-frequency cavity impedance, serious frequency reduction and the like caused by the direct liquid cooling scheme are successfully solved; because the magnetic alloy cavity adopts a direct oil cooling structure scheme, but the cooling oil is easier to cause chronic leakage than deionized water due to the physical characteristics of the cooling oil, the invention solves the problem of chronic oil leakage by adopting an inner buckling type oil cooling sealing structure through the glass fiber insulating cover plate at the open end of the cavity.
3. The high-frequency system power source adopts an electron tube power source system, the power feeding mode of the electron tube power source system and the cavity is a capacitive coupling direct feed mode, the electron tube power source system has the characteristic of large dynamic range impedance matching, the high-frequency system power source design adopts a power amplification system of a front-stage solid state power source and a final-stage electron quadrupole tube, the power feeding mode of the electron tube power source system and the load magnetic alloy cavity is that a bus feeder is connected through an output coupling capacitor to directly feed power to an accelerating gap of the magnetic alloy cavity, and the electron tube power source system can have good impedance matching with the load cavity under the condition of large range impedance change of the magnetic alloy cavity by adopting the power feeding mode, so that power transmission is realized.
4. The broadband power source cannot improve the harmonic performance of the output power of the broadband power source in a mode of adding a filter in the power source due to the large requirement of the working bandwidth, so that the waveform distortion is serious, the larger the output power of the power source is tested, the serious the waveform distortion is, and the improvement of the harmonic performance is particularly important for improving the quality of the accelerated beam; in order to improve the output harmonic performance, the static working point of the electronic tube needs to be adjusted to class A (the working point of the class A amplification of the electronic tube is at the midpoint of the linear part of the working point, and the electronic tube is conducted in the whole period of a signal when the class A amplification is carried out, and the conduction angle is 360 DEG;
5. the physical low-voltage capture and high-voltage acceleration multi-mode design of the accelerator requires that the amplitude tracking error of the voltage of the magnetic alloy cavity of the high-frequency system is small within the range of 0-50 kV, and the design difficulty of the low-level system is that the data acquisition precision of the low-voltage section is very low, and the high control precision is difficult to achieve; the design of the invention adopts dynamic gain control and signal-to-noise ratio improving technology, successfully solves the difficulty of full-range high-precision amplitude control of the cavity voltage, and meets the multi-mode requirements of low-voltage capture and high-voltage acceleration proposed by physical design; in the physical beam group compression working mode of the accelerator, the requirement that the rising time of the voltage of the magnetic alloy cavity is less than 10us from 0-50 kV is met, and the low-level system is difficult to accurately control the high-voltage narrow pulse; the low-level control of the high-frequency system designed by the invention adopts a self-adaptive feedforward and feedback method, thereby solving the problem of accurate control of high-voltage narrow pulses in a voltage beam group compression mode.
6. The power source of the high-frequency system adopts a two-pole amplifying mode of a front-stage solid-state push final-stage electron tube amplifier, the final-stage electron tube has a push-pull power output structure and comprises a single choke coil structure for improving a harmonic suppression degree, and an electron tube anode adopts a 10kV power supply mode; the low level adopts a high-performance VPX digital low level control system, and can automatically control a plurality of sets of high-frequency systems to realize a multi-harmonic combined working mode.
7. The high-frequency system power source adopts an electron tube type power source, the power feeding mode of the electron tube type power source and the cavity is a capacitive coupling type direct feeding mode, the anode output radio frequency power of the electron tube is directly fed to the magnetic alloy cavity through a high-power coupling capacitor, and the designed power feeding mode enables the electron tube power source system and the magnetic alloy cavity with large dynamic range impedance change to have good impedance matching in a wider working frequency band, and can realize wide-band high-power transmission.
In conclusion, the invention can be widely applied to a high-frequency system of the synchronous accelerator.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall composition of a high-frequency system of a high-gradient broadband liquid-cooled synchrotron according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a three-gap oil-cooled magnetic alloy loading chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a high performance large size liquid cooled magnetic alloy ring structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a direct oil-cooled structure of a single Tank cavity of a magnetic alloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an oil-cooled seal of a magnetic alloy cavity in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a valve power source system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a prior-stage solid-state broadband transmission line transformer power distribution circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a valve power source system choke configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of SNR processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of feedback+iterative learning feedforward control in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless an order of performance is explicitly stated. It should also be appreciated that additional or alternative steps may be used.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "lower," "upper," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
The liquid cooling high-gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system loaded by the magnetic material provided by the invention comprises a high-gradient magnetic alloy loading cavity, a broadband power source and a high-precision digital low-level control system, and mainly aims to realize the functions of capturing, accelerating, accumulating, compressing and the like of particle beams, can perform various operations on the particle beams, and is the only place for obtaining energy by the beam current. The high-gradient magnetic alloy loading cavity contained in the high-frequency system has the main function of converting the energy input from a power source into an electromagnetic field for accelerating the beam or performing various operations, and the performance of the cavity is mainly determined by the performance parameters of the loaded material. In addition, the beam group compression mode of the synchrotron needs to realize the voltage rising speed precision control of 0-50 kV less than 10us, so that the whole high-frequency system is required to have the characteristic of ultra-fast response. The low level control system mainly has the functions of stabilizing voltage amplitude, stabilizing phase, compensating beam load effect and the like, and because the radio frequency voltage of the magnetic alloy cavity of the synchronous accelerator is high, the capturing of low voltage from beam current and the acceleration of high voltage from beam current are all required to be accurately controlled by the low level control system, and therefore the high frequency system also needs to have the characteristic of being capable of realizing the full-range high-precision amplitude of the whole voltage of the cavity.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid-cooled high-gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system loaded by the magnetic material provided by the embodiment comprises a liquid-cooled magnetic alloy cavity 1, an electron tube power source system 2, a differential circuit radio-frequency voltage sampling device and a low-level control system 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquid-cooled magnetic alloy cavity 1 comprises a cavity body 11, a magnetic alloy ring 12, a vacuum pipeline 13, a bus parallel feeder power transmission device, a three-dimensional adjustable bracket and a cavity oil cooling system 14.
The cavity body 11 is internally provided with a plurality of Tank cavities at intervals, each Tank cavity comprises four groups of magnetic alloy rings 12 (for example, but not limited to, the number of the magnetic alloy rings can be set according to the requirement), and all the Tank cavities are respectively defined as a first Tank cavity to a sixth Tank cavity according to the front-back sequence of the cavity. The rear end parts of the first Tank cavity, the third Tank cavity and the fifth Tank cavity, and the front end parts of the second Tank cavity, the fourth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity are respectively provided with a magnetic alloy cavity inner buckling type glass fiber insulation cover plate 15, and a magnetic alloy ring acceleration gap 16 is arranged between the first Tank cavity and the second Tank cavity, between the first Tank cavity and the third Tank cavity, between the first Tank cavity and the fourth Tank cavity, and between the fifth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity. And each group of Tank cavities is inserted with a magnetic alloy cavity vacuum pipeline 13, and the adjacent magnetic alloy cavity vacuum pipelines 13 are welded by ceramics and are communicated. The top of the cavity corresponding to each group of Tank cavity is provided with a magnetic alloy cavity oil outlet box 17, the bottom of the cavity corresponding to each group of magnetic alloy ring is provided with a magnetic alloy cavity oil inlet box 18, the position of each magnetic alloy cavity oil inlet box is provided with a magnetic alloy cavity oil drain valve 181, and each magnetic alloy cavity oil outlet box 17 is provided with a magnetic alloy cavity exhaust valve 171.
The bus parallel feeder power transmission device connects the first Tank cavity, the third Tank cavity and the fifth Tank cavity in parallel and then is connected to the power output end of the first electronic tube of the electronic tube power source system 2, and the bus parallel feeder power transmission device connects the second Tank cavity, the fourth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity of the magnetic alloy cavity in parallel and then is finally connected to the power output end of the second electronic tube of the electronic tube power source system 2.
The three-dimensional adjustable bracket is used for on-line installation of the magnetic alloy cavity, alignment installation of the vacuum pipeline and the like.
The cavity oil cooling system 14 comprises an oil cooler and oil cooling pipelines, all Tank cavities share one inlet and one outlet oil cooling pipeline, the cavity comprises 6 oil inlet pipes (taking this as an example and not limiting the same), and the total oil collecting pipes are connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooler through the oil cooling pipelines; the cavity has 6 oil return pipes (for example, without limitation), and the total oil collecting pipe is connected with an oil inlet of the oil cooler through an oil cooling pipeline, cooling oil adopts a lower inlet and upper outlet mode, and the oil circulated from the cavity is directly cooled in a circulating way through the oil cooler, so that cooling oil flows through each position in the Tank cavity. The cavity structure of the embodiment adopts a three-acceleration-gap direct oil cooling structure, and the cavity adopts direct oil cooling.
The differential circuit radio frequency voltage sampling device is used for sampling the cavity radio frequency voltage.
The low level control system 3 is used for controlling the voltage of the cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic alloy ring 12 of the present invention employs a nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring, which is a novel magnetically loaded material having a higher permeability and μ 'than conventional ferrite rings' p Qf value, wider frequency band (low Q value), higher saturation magnetic flux density, and curie temperature value. The magnetic alloy ring 12 in this embodiment may be made of an iron-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy strip with a thickness of 13um passing through SiO of the strip 2 Insulating coating, equal tension winding of a strip, high Wen Jiaci heat treatment of a wound magnetic ring and encapsulation of the end face of a magnetic alloy ring to manufacture an annular structure, wherein the annular structure sequentially comprises a stainless steel inner liner 121 and a stainless steel strip outer liner 122 from inside to outside, and SiO is sequentially and repeatedly arranged between the stainless steel inner liner 121 and the stainless steel strip outer liner 122 2 A coating 123 and a nano-magnetic alloy ribbon 124. The magnetic alloy ring of the embodiment adopts the size of
(outer diameter. Inner diameter. Thickness) of core performance parameter μ' p Qf@0.3MHz > 6.2GHz, as an example, but not limited thereto. In the research and development of the nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring, the size and various performance parameters of the nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring need to be fully and comprehensively considered, so that the hysteresis loop of the cavity loading magnetic ring is prevented from being in a nonlinear section, and the magnetostriction effect of the nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring is reduced. The high voltage and low working frequency requirements of the high-frequency system enable the magnetic flux density to be high when the cavity is loaded with the magnetic alloy ring to work, the high magnetic flux density can lead to magnetostriction effect of the magnetic alloy material, and the performance of the magnetic ring is reduced; the invention fully considers the material characteristics in the development and design of the magnetic alloy ring, controls the maximum working magnetic flux density of the magnetic alloy ring,maintaining its high performance characteristics.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the magnetic alloy ring 12 is mounted in the Tank cavity by a glass fiber insulation support block 4 supported from the outer diameter of the magnetic ring, i.e. a plurality of glass fiber insulation support blocks 4 are circumferentially arranged between the cavity body 11 and the magnetic alloy ring 12. The distance between the magnetic rings in each Tank inner magnetic alloy ring is 8mm (for example, the gap is not limited to the above, and the gap can be set according to actual needs), so that cooling oil can flow through the gap, and the gap is used for cooling the surface of the magnetic ring in the magnetic alloy ring.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the outer ends of the first Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity are provided with a cavity stainless steel short-circuit cover plate 5 through an oil rubber ring in a sealing way, and the inner buckling type glass fiber insulation cover plate 15 and the cavity body 11 are sealed through a magnetic alloy cavity oil-cooling sealing ring. The gap distance of the cavity accelerating gap structure is 40mm, and the actual measurement result of the vacuum degree is better than 1 x 10 - 12 mBar。
In summary, the high gradient magnetic alloy cavity provided in this embodiment has high power density and serious heat generation of the magnetic alloy ring due to high cavity voltage gradient, so that the cavity cooling structure is specially designed, the magnetic alloy cavity cooling adopts a direct oil cooling structure, the problem of low cooling efficiency of the loaded magnetic alloy ring is solved, and the problems of magnetic ring corrosion and serious cavity impedance reduction caused by adopting a direct water cooling mode are avoided. In addition, the cavity of the present embodiment is loaded with a high μ' p The high-performance magnetic alloy ring with Qf value adopts a multi-acceleration gap structure, so that the cavity reaches high impedance, high gap voltage is obtained, and high acceleration voltage gradient is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the valve power source system 2 includes a front-stage solid state power source 21, a broadband power distribution circuit 22, and a final valve amplifier 23, the final valve amplifier 23 including a first valve and a second valve.
The front-stage solid-state power source 21 of the present embodiment adopts a four-stage tube of TH558 SC high-power electronics of the company talus, france; the output power of the front-stage solid-state power source 21 is fed to the grid input ends of the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube through the broadband power divider circuit 22, the two electronic tubes amplify the power to hundred kilowatts, and then output the amplified power, and the amplified power is directly connected with the bus parallel feeder power transmission device through a coupling capacitor to send the power to the 6 Tank cavities, so that the energy input by the power source is converted into electromagnetic fields for accelerating or various operations on beams.
Further, as shown in fig. 7, the wideband power divider circuit 22 is a wideband 1-division 2 power divider circuit 22 developed based on a transmission line transformer technology, and includes a transmission line transformer 221 wound based on a ferrite core, an input end of the transmission line transformer is connected to a pre-stage solid-state power source 21, two output ends of the transmission line transformer 221 are respectively connected to gates of the first electron tube and the second electron tube, and two output ends of the transmission line transformer 221 are respectively grounded through a matching resistor 222 for impedance matching with the transmission line transformer.
Further, the final-stage electron tube amplifier 23 adopts a dual electron tube push-pull type power output structure, the maximum power output by the front-stage broadband solid-state power source 21 is 8kW, and the working frequency is 0.3-12.0 MHz. The invention adopts the electron tube push-pull type power source, reduces the installation size of the power source structure and reduces the complexity of a power source system while obtaining high power.
Further, the filament of the final-stage electron tube amplifier 23 is connected with a filament power supply system, the power output is 23V/500A, the grid electrode of the electron tube is connected with a grid power supply system, the power output is minus 160V, the grid electrode of the electron tube is connected with a grid power supply system, the power output is 1000V, and the grid power supply is designed in a pulse modulation mode; the power supply of the electron tube anode adopts a 10kV power supply mode, the total power supply voltage of a single tube is larger than 15kV, and the anode of the electron tube is connected with a 10kV anode power supply system through a high-power choke 24.
Further, as shown in fig. 8, the high-power choke 24 is mainly used in a tube anode dc power supply system, and is used for preventing the anode rf power from flowing back to the dc power supply, which causes damage to the power supply, the inductance of the choke at the frequency of 0.3MHz is designed according to the power supply to be greater than 550uH, and the withstand voltage of the choke is greater than 30kV. The high-power choke 24 comprises a Ni-Zn ferrite core and a high-voltage shielding wire, the Ni-Zn ferrite core is 500 x 300 x 25mm in size, the Ni-Zn ferrite core is wound with the high-voltage shielding wire, and a double-wire winding mode is adopted to offset the influence of the direct-current magnetic field on the magnetic permeability of the ferrite core.
In summary, the valve power source system 2 of the embodiment is connected with the cavity by adopting a capacitive coupling direct feed mode, so that the problem of impedance matching with the cavity which is not 50 ohm and is not pure is solved, and meanwhile, high-power transmission matching can be realized under the condition of large dynamic impedance value in the whole working frequency band; the power source of the high-frequency system adopts a two-pole amplifying mode of a front-stage solid-state push final-stage electron tube amplifier, the final-stage electron tube amplifier is provided with a push-pull type power output structure and comprises a single choke coil structure for improving a harmonic suppression degree, and the power source is designed to adopt a double-electron tube push-pull type single choke coil structure, so that the performance of the harmonic suppression degree is further improved, and meanwhile, the function of low-frequency band choke is better achieved. In addition, the electron tube power source system adopts the synchronous technology of curtain grid pulse modulation, grid power supply pulse mode and radio frequency excitation pulse, the part above has been described to realize the dynamic adjustment of the working state of the electron tube under the condition of multiple beam type multiple working modes, the loss power of the electron tube is greatly reduced, the water cooling structure design of the electron tube is reduced, the efficiency of the whole machine is improved, and the service life of the electron tube is prolonged, so that the final stage electron tube amplifier of the front stage fixed power source is in a conducting state only for part of time (with working voltage) in one working period, the static loss power of the electron tube is greatly reduced, the water cooling structure design of the electron tube is reduced, the efficiency of the whole machine is improved, and the service life of the electron tube is prolonged; the electron tube anode adopts 10kV voltage to directly supply power, so that the power supply efficiency of the electron tube anode is improved, and meanwhile, the implementation difficulty of a power distribution scheme of the anode is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the low level control system 3 includes a VPX chassis, a DLLRF control hardware board card, a high performance FPGA digital signal processing board, a high speed AD/DA conversion board card, and an upper computer monitoring system, and mainly implements accurate control of voltage phase and amplitude stability. Since the high frequency system needs to provide a radio frequency voltage of up to more than 50kV during the beam acceleration phase and only needs a radio frequency voltage of less than 200V during the beam capture phase, the voltage amplitude of the full range during the whole operation is precisely controlled. In the beam cluster compression mode, the low-level control system is required to control the rising time of the high-frequency voltage from 0 to 50kV to be less than 10us, so that the high-voltage narrow pulse accurate control of the low-level control system is realized, and the high-frequency low-level system is required to complete main functions such as beam current load compensation and the like.
Further, the low level control system of the invention comprises dynamic gain control and signal to noise ratio improvement technology, successfully solves the difficulty of full range high precision amplitude control of cavity voltage, and meets the multi-mode requirements of low voltage capture and high voltage acceleration proposed by physical design, wherein:
1) Dynamic gain control techniques: an automatic gain adjusting device is added on the sampling signal processing circuit, the gain changes along with the change of the input waveform, and when the amplitude of the input waveform is low, the gain of the system is increased; when the amplitude of the input waveform becomes larger, the gain of the system is reduced, and the amplitude variation range when the signal reaches the analog-digital variation device is reduced, which comprises the following steps:
automatically detecting the signal amplitude of an input signal:
the comparator of the analog-to-digital converter takes a high N bit value of an input signal as a comparison input value, compares the comparison input value with a fixed value of Nbit set in the analog-to-digital converter, outputs a high level when the input value is larger than the fixed value, and outputs a low level when the input value is smaller than the fixed value. When the input value is compared with a fixed value, the amplitude of the input signal is 4dB lower than the full scale range or the amplitude of the input signal is adjusted according to the actual system requirement.
Amplitude judgment and adjustment are carried out on the detected input signal according to the measuring range of the analog-to-digital converter module: and counting the output pulse of the comparator, comparing the counted value with a set threshold value of a counter in the analog-to-digital converter module, and when the counted value is smaller than the set threshold value, considering that the amplitude of the input data is too small, and automatically adjusting the gain of the numerical control amplifier.
2) Signal-to-noise ratio improvement technique: the signal to noise ratio of the signal is continuously improved through the technologies of downsampling, filtering and the like.
As shown in fig. 9, the cavity sampling signal is converted by the ADC and then enters the data processing module, and the data processing module uses a two-stage comb filter (CIC) and a one-stage FIR filter to simultaneously combine the frequency division technique to carry out diversified frequency division on the clock frequency, so as to realize the data processing after the analog-digital conversion, and achieve the purpose of meeting the most demands with the minimum cost. The structure has the function of filtering system input noise, has a good inhibition function on quantization noise of an ADC chip, and can improve the acquisition resolution. Taking an AD9230 analog-to-digital conversion chip as an example, the typical S/N is 63.4-64.5dB (63.4 dB is taken in calculation), the average value of quantization noise is 0, and the quantization noise is uniformly distributed at-0.5 fc-0.5fc (fc is the sampling clock frequency) in-0.5 LSB-0.5 LSB.
According to the definition of signal-to-noise ratio:
σ＝4.78×10 -4 b
if b=1, 3σ=1.43×10 -3 . I.e. 99.6% of the data points fall within 1.43×10 -3 In the interval of (2), the data acquisition precision can only be brought to the order of thousandth. Taking the AD sampling rate of 108MHz as an example, the bandwidth of the effective signal can be limited to 170KHz after the above structure is adopted. At this time, the noise bandwidth is reduced by about 317 times, the noise power is reduced by about 25dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 88.4dB. Calculated 99.6% of the data points fall at 8X 10 -5 In the range, the data resolution is improved by about 2 orders of magnitude over the previous.
Furthermore, the low-level air control system designed by the invention also adopts a self-adaptive feedforward and feedback method to solve the problem of accurate control of high-voltage narrow pulses in a voltage beam cluster compression mode.
Specifically, the situation that the voltage set value changes rapidly can cause that the cavity voltage cannot track the cavity voltage set value completely and accurately, a feedforward iterative learning algorithm is used for compensating the voltage error remained after feedback control, stability adjustment is performed on the cavity voltage, and a state space equation of a system is considered:
where x is a system state vector, u is a system input vector, y is a system output vector, and A and B are coefficients.
PI tracking control is carried out on the system:
wherein K is p For a constant gain matrix, e is the control error,
is the integration time.
When integrating gain K i Larger T i Smaller, the above formula can be written as:
from the above equation, the control inputs to the system can be divided into K p e feedback control and u (T-T) i ) Is a feedforward control of (a).
The iteration of the above method includes:
u n+1 (t)＝u n (t)+K p e n (t)
where n is the number of iterations.
The whole adaptive feed-forward plus feedback process as shown in fig. 10 includes:
s1, setting an initial feedforward quantity u 0 (t) =0, the low level control system outputs a voltage set point.
S2, comparing the cavity voltage sampling value with a voltage set value to obtain a control error, performing feedback control on the control error, and outputting a low-level output value u k (t) stored in RAM.
S3, feedback control is carried out on the control error again, and feedforward control quantity u is added on the basis of the feedback control k (t) simultaneously outputting the current low level output value u k+1 (t) stored in RAM.
S4, repeating the step S3 until the control error meets the requirement or the iteration number reaches the set maximum value.
In summary, the low-level control system of the embodiment adopts a high-performance VPX digital low-level control system, and can automatically control multiple sets of high-frequency systems to realize a multi-harmonic combined working mode. The high-gradient broadband liquid cooling high-frequency system is realized in the frequency range of 0.3-2.1 MHz, the accelerating voltage gradient is larger than 30kV/m (peak voltage 66 kV), the harmonic suppression degree is more than 23dBc, and the index of the broadband hundred kHz low frequency range is at the international leading level; it has been tested that the highest peak voltage value exceeds more than 45% of the project design criteria.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one preferred embodiment," "further," "specifically," "in the present embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present specification. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high frequency system is characterized in that the system comprises a liquid cooling magnetic alloy cavity, an electron tube power source system and a low level control system;
the liquid-cooled magnetic alloy cavity comprises a cavity body, magnetic alloy rings, a bus parallel feeder power transmission device and a cavity oil cooling system, wherein a plurality of Tank cavities are arranged in the cavity body at intervals, each Tank cavity comprises a plurality of magnetic alloy rings, the Tank cavities are defined as first to sixth Tank cavities along the front and back of the cavity, the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the first Tank cavity, the third Tank cavity and the fifth Tank cavity in parallel and then connected to the first electronic tube output end of the electronic tube power source system, and the bus parallel feeder power transmission device is connected with the second Tank cavity, the fourth Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity in parallel and then connected to the second electronic tube output end of the electronic tube power source system;
the cavity oil cooling system adopts a direct oil cooling structure to cool the cavity body;
the low-level control system is used for controlling the radio-frequency voltage of the cavity.
2. The magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high-gradient broadband synchrotron high-frequency system according to claim 1, wherein the cavity oil cooling system comprises an oil cooling machine and an oil cooling pipeline, a cavity oil outlet box is arranged at the top of the cavity body corresponding to each group of Tank cavities, a cavity oil inlet box is arranged at the bottom of the cavity body of each group of Tank cavities, an oil drain valve is arranged at each cavity oil inlet box, an exhaust valve is arranged on each cavity oil outlet box, all Tank cavities share the oil cooling pipeline, an oil inlet pipe of each Tank is connected with an oil outlet of the oil cooling machine through the oil cooling pipeline in a gathering mode, and an oil return pipe of each Tank is connected with an oil inlet of the oil cooling machine through the oil cooling pipeline in a gathering mode.
3. The magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high frequency system according to claim 1, wherein rear ends of the first, third and fifth Tank cavities are respectively provided with a magnetic alloy cavity inner buckle type glass fiber insulation cover plate, and the magnetic alloy cavity inner buckle type glass fiber insulation cover plate is sealed with the cavity body through a magnetic alloy cavity oil cooling sealing ring; and the outer ends of the first Tank cavity and the sixth Tank cavity are provided with a cavity stainless steel short-circuit cover plate in a sealing manner through an oil rubber ring.
4. The magnetic material loaded liquid cooling high gradient broadband synchrotron high frequency system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic alloy ring adopts an iron-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy ring, and the magnetic alloy ring adopts an iron-based nanocrystalline magnetically soft alloy strip passing through SiO of the strip 2 Insulating coating, equal tension winding of a strip, high Wen Jiaci heat treatment of a wound magnetic ring and encapsulation of the end face of a magnetic alloy ring; the number of the magnetic alloy rings in each Tank cavity is four, and a preset interval is arranged between the adjacent magnetic alloy rings in each Tank cavity.
5. The magnetic material loaded liquid cooled high gradient wideband synchrotron high frequency system of claim 1, wherein the power source system comprises a front stage solid state power source, a wideband transmission line transformer power distribution circuit and a final stage valve, the final stage valve comprising a first valve and a second valve;
the front-stage solid-state power source is sent to the grid input ends of the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube through the broadband transmission line transformer power distribution circuit, and the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube amplify power to hundred kilowatts and then send the power to corresponding Tank cavities through the bus parallel feeder power transmission device through a coupling capacitor.
6. The high-frequency system of the liquid-cooled high-gradient broadband synchrotron loaded by magnetic materials according to claim 5, wherein the broadband power divider circuit is a broadband 1-division 2 power divider circuit developed based on a transmission line transformer technology, and comprises a transmission line transformer wound based on a ferrite core, wherein the input end of the transmission line transformer is connected with the front-stage solid-state power source, the two output ends of the transmission line transformer are respectively connected with the grid electrodes of the first electronic tube and the second electronic tube, and the two output ends of the transmission line transformer are respectively grounded through a matching resistor.
7. The high-frequency system of the liquid-cooled high-gradient broadband synchrotron loaded by magnetic materials according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the final electron tube adopts a double electron quadrupole push-pull power output structure, and the anode of the final electron tube is connected with a power supply through a choke coil.
8. The high-frequency system of the liquid-cooled high-gradient broadband synchrotron loaded by magnetic materials according to claim 1, wherein the low-level control system performs full-range high-precision amplitude control on the cavity radio-frequency voltage through dynamic gain control, and the specific process of the dynamic gain control is as follows:
by adding an automatic gain adjustment device on the sampling signal processing circuit, the gain changes along with the change of the input waveform, and when the amplitude of the input waveform is low, the gain of the system is increased; when the amplitude of the input waveform is increased, the gain of the system is reduced, and the amplitude variation range when the signal reaches the analog-to-digital conversion device is reduced;
automatically detecting the signal amplitude of an input signal;
and carrying out amplitude judgment and adjustment on the detected input signal according to the measuring range of the analog-to-digital converter device.
9. The magnetically loaded liquid cooled high gradient wideband synchrotron high frequency system of claim 8, wherein the low level control system further performs voltage full scale high precision amplitude control on the cavity voltage by downsampling and filtering the signal to noise ratio of the boost signal, comprising:
the cavity radio frequency voltage sampling signal is converted by an ADC and then enters a data processing module;
the data processing module adopts a two-stage comb filter and a one-stage FIR filter to simultaneously combine the frequency division technology to carry out diversified frequency division on the clock frequency, so as to realize the data processing after the analog-digital conversion.
10. The high-frequency system of the liquid-cooled high-gradient broadband synchrotron loaded by magnetic materials according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the low-level control system precisely controls high-voltage narrow pulses in a cavity voltage beam cluster compression mode by adopting a self-adaptive feedforward and feedback method, and comprises the following steps:
s1, setting an initial feedforward quantity u 0 (t) =0, the low level control system outputs a voltage set point;
s2, comparing the cavity voltage sampling value with a voltage set value to obtain a control error, performing feedback control on the control error, and outputting a low-level output value u k (t) storing in RAM;
s3, performing feedback control on the control error, and adding a feedforward control quantity u on the basis of the feedback control k (t) simultaneously outputting the current low level output value u k+1 (t) storing in RAM;
s4, repeating the step S3 until the control error meets the requirement or the iteration number reaches the set maximum value.
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