CN116338676A - Method for extracting ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR - Google Patents
Method for extracting ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, in particular relates to a method for extracting ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude areas based on ISR, and aims to solve the problems that the existing ionosphere vector speed and wind field extraction method is only suitable for high latitude areas and cannot obtain wind fields with high heights. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining ionosphere basic parameters of a low latitude region of a wind field at a vector speed to be extracted; based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system, and combining the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system, acquiring the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system; according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, combining the sight line speed, and performing least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height; calculating the diffusion speed; and calculating the north-south wind field. The invention realizes the extraction of ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude areas, and can obtain the wind field in the full-height north-south direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of signal and information processing, and particularly relates to a method, a system and electronic equipment for extracting ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude regions based on ISR.
Background
The ionized layer is a partial ionized plasma area in the altitude range from five kilometers, sixty kilometers to one kilometer and two kilometers above the earth, is the key level closest to human activity in the space environment of the sun and the earth, and has important influences on radio communication, satellite navigation, positioning, manned aerospace and the like. Among all ionosphere detection means, incoherent scattering radar (ISR, incoherent Scatter Radar) is the most powerful detection means so far, and has many advantages of strong detection function, multiple parameters (multiple fields and particle components), high precision, good resolution, large coverage of height range, and the like. Gordon in 1958 proposed that weak thomson scattering signals in the ionosphere could be detected with high power radar. Bowles (1958) measured scattered echoes by incoherent scatter detection experiments, after which many researchers demonstrated that incoherent scattered radars could measure ionosphere parameters such as electron density, ion composition, electron temperature, ion temperature, drift velocity, etc. using scattered signals of electron thermal fluctuations (see references (1) Dougherty, J.P., and D.T. Farley (1960), "A theory of incoherent scattering of radio waves by a plasma,";Proc. Royal Soc. Lond, vol.259, pp.79–99, Feb 1960. DOI:10.1098/rspa.1960.0212;（2） Fejer, J. A., “Radio-wave scattering by an ionized gas in thermal equilibrium,”Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 2635–2636, Sep 1960. DOI: 10.1029/jz065i009p02635;（3）Salpeter E. E., “ElectronDensity Fluctuations in a Plasma,” Phys Rev,vol.120, no.5, pp.1528-1535. Dec 1960. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.120.1528;（4） Rosenbluth M N, Rostoker N, “Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by a NonequilibriumPlasma,”Physics of Fluids, vol.5, no.7, pp.776-788, Jul 1962, DOI: 10.1063/1.1724446;（5）Hagfors, T., “Density fluctuations in a plasma in a magnetic field, with applications to the ionosphere,”Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.66, no.6, Jun1961.DOI: 10.1029/JZ066i006p01699.)。
with the development of radar Technology, phased array antennas enter the field of view of people with the advantages of large-scale rapid scanning, fine scanning, flexible controllability, long-time continuous observation and the like, incoherent scattering radar starts to use phased array antennas to replace traditional parabolic antennas, and in the 21 st century, a novel modularized active phased array radar project (AMISR, advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar) is proposed in the United states, and the beam direction can be rapidly switched within microsecond by controlling radar beams through electric scanning, so that the problem that time ambiguity is generated due to the fact that the traditional parabolic radar mechanically rotates to change the beam direction is greatly improved (see references: valentic T, buonocore J, cousins M, heinelman C, jorgensen J. & Kelly J et al, "AMISR the advanced modular incoherent scatter radar," IEEEInternational Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology, waltham, MA, USA, pp. 659-663, 2013, DOI: 10.1109/ARRAY.6731908). After the construction, the array surface is placed at a Poker observation research site near Alaska Fairbanks for test operation, and other array surfaces are installed in Resolute bay of Canada, and the geographic positions of the array surfaces are all located in high latitude areas.
The high-power phased array incoherent scattering radar is developed and built in the ionosphere low latitude region of the institute of geology and geophysics of the Chinese academy, and has the new advantages of continuous observation, full airspace coverage, local space rapid scanning and the like technically. The incoherent scattering radar detects ionosphere in the range of two thousand kilometers around three, and covers the first advanced phased array system in the southeast sea, southeast coast and south area of China, which is the eastern and low magnetic latitude areas (see reference document (1) Yue, X.; wan, W.; xiao, H.; et al Preliminary experimental results by the prototype of SanyaIncoherent Scatter Radar. Earth plane. Phys.2020, 4, 579-587, doi: 10.26464/epp2020063, (2) Yue, X.; wan, W.; ning, B.; jin, L. An active phasedarray radar in China. Nat. Astron. 2022, 6, 619: 10.1038/s41550-022-01684-1, (3) 2, X.; wan, W.; ning, B.; jin, L.; ding, F.; zhao, B.; et al (2022) Development of theSanya incoherent scatter radar and preliminary:20224/vig.451, J.5/V.52, J.J.5, J.5).
When using incoherent scattering radar to perform ionosphere observation, fitting can be performed through the power spectrum and the theoretical spectrum obtained by observation, so as to obtain electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and ion line of sight speed, and since the radar adopts a phased array system, rapid beam switching can be realized in millisecond time, under the premise that ionosphere parameters can be assumed to remain unchanged in a certain space range, so that ion vector speed in a certain space can be calculated by using multiple beams, and the wind field of the ionosphere can be further calculated through the ion vector speed (see references (1) heiselman, c.j., and m.j. nicols (2008), A Bayesian approach to electric field andE-region neutral wind estimation with the Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar, radio sci, 43, RS5013, doi: 10.1029/RS 003805, (2) semter, j., t.w. buer, m. zetteren, c.j. Heinselman, m.j. Nicols (2010), composite imaging of auroral forms and convective flows during a substorm cycle, j. Gehys, 115, a.38308/2009, 5628).
In the low latitude region, the magnetic force lines are approximately vertical, and in the geomagnetic coordinate system, it can be assumed that the ion velocity of the high altitude (ionosphere F layer or above) is influenced only by the electric field, so that all components of the vector electric field can be obtained, the ionosphere electric field has almost no vertical altitude change, and therefore, the electric field in 3 directions of the full altitude can be directly obtained. In the low height (ionosphere E layer) of the high latitude region, the ion speed is under the combined action of the electric field and the wind field, and according to the electric field obtained in the front, the wind field with low height of the high latitude region can be uniquely obtained according to a momentum equation.
Secondly, in high latitude areas, the ion velocity is large, and the velocity is hundreds of meters per second; in low latitude regions, the ion velocity is of the order of tens of meters per second. Because the velocity magnitude in the low latitude area is small, the error of obtaining the ion velocity by least square fitting is large, and the difficulty of extracting accurate ion sight velocity is large. Based on the method, the method for extracting the ionosphere vector speed and wind field in the low latitude region based on the incoherent scattering radar is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, in order to solve the problem that the existing ionospheric vector speed and wind field extraction method is only applicable to high latitude areas and cannot obtain high altitude wind fields, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for extracting an ionospheric vector speed and a wind field in low latitude areas based on ISR, which comprises:
the ionosphere basic parameters of the low latitude region of the wind field are obtained through incoherent scattering radar ISR detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system, and combining the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system, acquiring the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system;
according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, combining the sight line speed, and performing least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
calculating ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature to obtain a diffusion speed through calculation;
based on the diffusion speed, combining the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height, and calculating to obtain the north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field.
In some preferred embodiments, the line-of-sight velocity versus vector velocity in the geographic coordinate system is:
wherein ,
indicating the line of sight speed +.>
Indicate->
Directions of sight, i.e.)>
Indicate->
Gaze speed in the direction of the individual gaze, +.>
、/>
、/>
The vector speeds of three directions are respectively east, north and zenith directions, and are +.>
、/>
、/>
Weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions, +.>
、/>
、/>
Indicate->
Weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions of the respective line of sight directions, +.>
Error indicating line of sight velocity correspondence, +.>
Indicate->
Errors corresponding to the line-of-sight speeds of the line-of-sight directions.
In some preferred embodiments, the relationship between the line-of-sight speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system is obtained by the following steps:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
respectively represent the components of the vertical magnetic field, which are easting, the vertical magnetic field is northward and the direction of parallel magnetic lines of force, +.>
Representing the conversion factor of the parameter from the geographical coordinate system to the geomagnetic coordinate system, +.>
Indicating the angle of incidence of the magnetic field,
indicating magnetic declination>
Representing +.>
And (5) vector.
In some preferred embodiments, the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height are calculated by:
wherein ,
representing a coefficient matrix->
Representing the transpose of the matrix>
，/>
Vector speed representing three directions of full height, +.>
Representing vector velocity a priori error matrix,>
representing a line of sight velocity error matrix.
In some preferred embodiments, the diffusion rate is calculated by:
wherein ,
indicates the diffusion rate +.>
Represents ion temperature, ++>
Represents electron temperature, ++>
The electron density is represented by the number of electrons,
representing ion mass,/->
Representing ion collision frequency, +.>
Indicating height, ->
Indicating the acceleration of gravity>
Representing the boltzmann constant.
In some preferred embodiments, the wind field in the north-south direction is calculated by the following steps:
wherein ,
wind field representing north-south direction, +.>
Indicating the velocity in the direction of the magnetic field lines.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a system for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR is provided, the system comprising: the system comprises a parameter acquisition module, a relation conversion module, a vector speed calculation module, a diffusion speed calculation module and a wind field acquisition module;
the parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire ionosphere basic parameters of a low latitude area of a wind field and vector speed to be extracted through Incoherent Scattering Radar (ISR) detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
the relation conversion module is configured to acquire the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geographic coordinate system and combined with the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system;
the vector speed calculation module is configured to combine the sight line speed according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, and perform least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
the diffusion speed calculation module is configured to calculate the ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and calculate the diffusion speed by combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature;
the wind field acquisition module is configured to calculate and obtain north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field, based on the diffusion speed and the vector speeds in the three full-height directions.
In a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors; the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the ISR-based method for extracting low latitude region ionospheric vector speeds, wind fields.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer readable storage medium is provided, where computer instructions are stored, where the computer instructions are configured to be executed by the computer to implement the above method for extracting ionospheric vector speed, wind farm in low latitude regions based on ISR.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the extraction of ionosphere vector speed and wind field in low latitude areas, and can obtain the wind field in the full-height north-south direction.
1) The method utilizes the three-incoherent scattering radar to extract the ion vector speed and the wind field in the low latitude region of the Asia sector, can quantitatively calculate the very important parameters for ionosphere detection such as the speed and the wind field in the low latitude region for the first time, and realizes the accurate detection of the ion vector speed and the wind field in the low latitude region of 100-500 km;
2) The ion speed in the low latitude area can be interacted by the electric field, the wind field, the gravity and the pressure gradient force, and the accurate north-south neutral wind, namely the wind field, is obtained by solving the diffusion speed and removing the influence of the diffusion speed;
3) At present, only profile data below an electron concentration peak value and total electron concentration content data can be obtained through a altimeter or a GNSS receiver, necessary kinetic information is lacked, and a rapidly-changing ionosphere physical process and an evolution mechanism thereof cannot be researched. The method has the advantages that the low latitude ionosphere speed of 100km-500km is obtained through the three-phase incoherent scattering radar, and the measurement of a wind field can be used for researching various atmosphere fluctuation uploading and ionosphere response, coupling and energy transmission mechanisms, ionosphere/thermal layer temperature, density, composition, wind field, electric field change, particle uplink and magnetic layer coupling mechanisms and the like during magnetic storm;
4) The three-incoherent scattering radar obtains the speed of the low latitude ionization layer height, and the wind field can utilize the parameters to develop a data assimilation mode based on an ionized layer theory mode, and develop a report and forecast mode of the ionized layer;
5) The wind field information is obtained by utilizing the geographic advantage of geomagnetic low latitude and the technical advantage of continuous observation capability of the three-phase incoherent scattering detection system, and the method can be used for researching important scientific problems such as atmospheric layer/ionosphere coupling, ionosphere generator and fountain effect, super ionosphere storm, low latitude ionosphere/magnetic layer coupling and the like. Studying the variation of the velocity field with height will help reveal the structure of the thermal layer underlayer. In particular, by integrating these radar systems with data from other instruments, a database can be constructed that is dedicated to the study of the neutral atmosphere.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for extracting ionospheric vector speed, wind farm in low latitude region based on ISR in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system for extracting ionospheric vector velocity, wind farm in low latitude regions based on ISR in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of vector velocity in a geographic coordinate system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of vector velocity in the geomagnetic coordinate system of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wind farm in a geographic coordinate system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of satellite wind field data and radar wind field data for one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing the electronic device of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The method for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR of the invention, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
the ionosphere basic parameters of the low latitude region of the wind field are obtained through incoherent scattering radar ISR detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system, and combining the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system, acquiring the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system;
according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, combining the sight line speed, and performing least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
calculating ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature to obtain a diffusion speed through calculation;
based on the diffusion speed, combining the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height, and calculating to obtain the north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field.
In order to more clearly describe the method for extracting the ionospheric vector speed and wind field in the low latitude region based on the ISR, the steps in one embodiment of the method of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for extracting the vector speed and wind field of the incoherent scattering radar in the low latitude area is established based on the established three-layer incoherent scattering radar. Because the AMISR system in the United states is positioned in a high latitude region, an electric field can be directly calculated according to vector speeds, but only the wind field with low ionosphere height can be calculated through the speed and the electric field, for a three-phase incoherent scattering radar, the AMISR system is positioned in a low latitude ionosphere region, low latitude ionosphere change occupies a very important and unique position in the evolution of the global ionosphere system, is influenced by the horizontal geomagnetic configuration of a magnetic equator, is in a bimodal structure, has the region with the highest global ionosphere electron density, has very strong latitude and height gradients, and simultaneously the corresponding ion vector speed is controlled by the electric field, the wind field, the gravity, the pressure gradient and the like, the method is based on the rapid scanning capacity (namely the capacity of beam conversion) of the phased array radar, and the vector speeds in all 3 directions are calculated by using the least square fitting, and then the vector speeds are analyzed, the speed along the direction is decomposed, the influence of the diffusion speed is removed, and the accurate north-south neutral wind magnetic lines, namely the north-south wind field is provided with the abnormal wind field, and the abnormal wind field is provided for the low latitude and the wind field:
the ionosphere basic parameters of the low latitude region of the wind field are obtained through incoherent scattering radar ISR detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
in the embodiment, firstly, incoherent scattering radar is used for detecting and obtaining the vector speed to be extracted, the electron density, the electron temperature, the ion temperature and the sight line speed in the low latitude region of the wind field.
Based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system, and combining the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system, acquiring the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system;
in the present embodiment, the line-of-sight velocity can be represented using vector velocities in three directions:
in a geographic coordinate system, line-of-sight velocity and vector velocity can be expressed as:
wherein ,
indicating the line of sight speed +.>
Indicate->
Directions of sight, i.e.)>
Indicate->
Gaze speed in the direction of the individual gaze, +.>
、/>
、/>
The vector speeds of three directions are respectively east, north and zenith directions,
、/>
、/>
weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions, +.>
、/>
、/>
Indicate->
Weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions of the respective line of sight directions, +.>
Error indicating line of sight velocity correspondence, +.>
Indicate->
Errors corresponding to the line-of-sight speeds of the line-of-sight directions.
Converting the parameters from the geographic coordinate system to the geomagnetic coordinate system and converting the factors
The method comprises the following steps:
wherein ,
representing the magnetic tilt angle +.>
Indicating the declination.
And then can obtain the geomagnetic coordinate system
Vector:
finally, the relationship between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system is obtained as follows:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
respectively represent the components of the vertical magnetic field, which are easting, the vertical magnetic field is northward and the direction of parallel magnetic lines of force, +.>
Representing +.>
And (5) vector.
According to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, combining the sight line speed, and performing least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
when using incoherent scattering radar to detect velocity vector, it is necessary to assume that the velocity field is spatially uniform, that is, that the vector velocity is constant in a certain spatial range, and the accurate vector velocity can be directly obtained through the line-of-sight velocity in three directions. In this embodiment, according to the fast beam conversion capability of the tri-incoherent scattering radar, more beams can be used to perform least square fitting in a certain spatial range, so as to obtain a vector velocity. The line of sight velocity is therefore:
the velocity vector can be further obtained:
wherein ,
representing a coefficient matrix->
Representing the transpose of the matrix>
，/>
Vector speed representing three directions of full height, +.>
Representing vector velocity a priori error matrix,>
representing a line of sight velocity error matrix.
Calculating ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature to obtain a diffusion speed through calculation;
the ionosphere is a plasma layer that is subjected to electromagnetic forces in addition to gravity and collisions. Assuming that the frequency of collisions between plasma particles is high, meaning that the velocity of random thermal motion of the particles is perfectly balanced and negligible, the effect of charged particle motion can be represented by the lorentz term. The ionized layer mainly has several important transport processes, namely, 1, an electric field enables ions and electrons to move, and the movement characteristics of the ionized layer depend on an external magnetic field and collision frequency, so that the mobility and the conductivity of charged particles are determined; 2. neutral wind drags charged particles to move, E-layer tidal wind is the driving force of an atmospheric generator, and hot-layer wind plays a vital role in the F-layer transportation process; 3. bipolar diffusion, in which electrons and ions are separated by gravity and a partial pressure gradient of each other, the polarized field between them keeps them together, the overall effect being that the two particles will diffuse in a certain direction at the same speed.
In this example, the expression of the diffusion rate can be obtained according to the following expression ((1) Chen, g.—m., xu, j., wang, w..lei, j., & Deng, y..2009.) Field-aligned plasma diffusive fluxes in the topside ionosphere from radio occultation measurements by champ. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71 (8), 967-974. DOI: 10.1016/j. Jastp.2009.03.027, (2) Chen, g.—m., xu, j., wang, w., lei, j., & Zhang, s.—r.(2014) The responses of ionospheric topside diffusive fluxes to twogeomagnetic storms in October, 2002, journal of Geophysical Research: space Physics, 119 (8), 6806-6820. DOI: 10.1002/2014ja020013, (3) rishbeth.& Garriott, o.k..1969) & Introduction to ionospheric Physics (vol. 14) & New York: academic press).
wherein ,
indicates the diffusion rate +.>
Represents ion temperature, ++>
Represents electron temperature, ++>
The electron density is represented by the number of electrons,
representing ion mass,/->
Representing ion collision frequency, +.>
Indicating height, ->
Indicating the acceleration of gravity>
Representing the boltzmann constant.
From the above equation, it can be known that the accurate diffusion speed can be obtained according to the electron temperature, the ion temperature, the electron density, the ion collision frequency obtained by calculation of the neutral model, and the like observed by the incoherent scattering radar, and the direction of the diffusion speed is mainly along the direction of the magnetic force line.
Based on the diffusion speed, combining the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height, and calculating to obtain the north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field.
In this embodiment, the north-south neutral wind may be obtained by the speed along the magnetic lines and the diffusion speed along the magnetic lines, and the north-south neutral wind, that is, the north-south wind field, may be expressed as follows.
wherein ,
wind field representing north-south direction, +.>
Indicating the velocity along the magnetic lines.
In order to prove the effectiveness of the method, the method for extracting the ionosphere vector speed and the wind field in the low latitude region based on ISR is verified, and the method is concretely as follows:
the three-beam incoherent scattering radar is used for vector speed and wind field observation, a long pulse is adopted for signal waveform, the pulse width is 480us, 21-beam observation is adopted, the beam azimuth angles are 88 degrees, 178 degrees, 268 degrees and 358 degrees respectively, the pitch angles are 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees and 80 degrees, the pitch angle of one beam is 90 degrees, and the radar observation time is 24-hour observation of 2022, 2 months and 2 days. From the foregoing equations, it can be appreciated that, assuming the velocity field remains unchanged over a range of space, vector velocities can be obtained from a plurality of different line-of-sight velocities by least squares fitting, and analyzed, for example, at 2022, 2 and 2 days, with the obtained vector velocities being shown in fig. 3. According to the above formula, the east, north and vertical speeds in the geographic coordinate system can be obtained through the sight line speed, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the ion speed has obvious sunday change, the ion speed moves to the west, moves to the north and moves upwards at daytime, and the ion speed moves to the east, moves to the south and moves upwards at night. The figure shows that the ion velocity error after the 0 point at night is larger, and the main reason is that the electron density in the ionosphere at night is lower, and the corresponding ionosphere echo signal to noise ratio is weaker, so that the velocity error of the ion sight line is larger, and the corresponding vector velocity error is larger.
The vector velocity diagram of the ion vector velocity in the geomagnetic coordinate system corresponding to the ion vector velocity is shown in fig. 4: in fig. 4, 3 graphs correspond to the eastern speed of the vertical magnetic force lines, the eastern speed of the vertical magnetic force lines and the parallel magnetic force lines respectively, the eastern speed of the vertical magnetic force lines is mainly the westward speed of the vertical magnetic force lines, and the eastern speed of the magnetic force lines is mainly the eastern speed of the vertical magnetic force lines and the southward speed of the magnetic force lines, and the sundry change accords with the shape change of the ionized layer, so that the wind field of the ionized layer can be further obtained by calculating the vector speed, and the wind field under the geographic coordinate system is shown in fig. 5, and the speed in the vertical direction is small and can be ignored.
The north-south neutral wind is obtained through the speed along magnetic force lines, the direction of the wind is the polar wind in the daytime, the direction of the equatorial wind is the direction of the night, the three-phase incoherent scattering radar is positioned in the northern hemisphere, the corresponding direction of the wind in the daytime is the north direction, the direction of the wind in the night is the south direction, and the vertical wind speed of the neutral wind is very small and is almost 0.
The altitude range of the wind field measured by the three-sub incoherent scattering radar is 100km-500km, and other radar equipment cannot observe the wind field in the altitude range at present, so that the data of the wind field are evaluated by using the data of the satellite ICON, and the transmitting time of the Icon satellite is 9:59 minutes, the orbit is approximately circular, at 27 degrees from the earth's inclination, 360 miles (about 575 km) at altitude, 97 minutes around the earth for a week, icon explores the link between the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere with four different types of instruments, michelson interferometers (MIGHTI), far Ultraviolet (FUV), extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), ion Velocity (IVM) for global high resolution thermal imaging, respectively, and thus wind field data measured using MIGHT instruments from Icon satellites (150 km-300 km) are compared with wind field data measured using tri-incoherent scattering radar, as shown in fig. 6:
as can be seen from FIG. 6, the wind field data obtained by satellite measurement is 150km to 300km, so that the wind field data in the scanning range of the satellite passing through the three-incoherent scattering radar at the same moment is mainly compared, and the wind field data is compared with the wind field data in the scanning range of the satellite passing through the three-incoherent scattering radar at the same moment, wherein the wind field data is 2022, 2 nd and 11 th minute contrast data, the satellite passing through the ground once in 2022, 2 nd and 11 th minute contrast data, the contrast image of the neutral wind field obtained by satellite passing through the two of the radar scanning ranges is obtained, the satellite data and the radar data consistency is good from the image, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is proved.
Therefore, the method not only observes the speed and wind field within the range of 100-500km in the low latitude region through the incoherent scattering radar for the first time, but also accords with the ionosphere change rule in the change form, and proves the effectiveness of the method through comparison with satellite data.
A system for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR in a second embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 2, comprises: the system comprises a parameter acquisition module 100, a relation conversion module 200, a vector speed calculation module 300, a diffusion speed calculation module 400 and a wind field acquisition module 500;
the parameter acquisition module 100 is configured to obtain ionosphere basic parameters of a low latitude region of a wind field and vector speed to be extracted through Incoherent Scattering Radar (ISR) detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
the relationship conversion module 200 is configured to obtain a relationship between the line-of-sight speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system based on the relationship between the line-of-sight speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system in combination with the conversion relationship between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system;
the vector speed calculation module 300 is configured to perform least square fitting according to the relationship between the line-of-sight speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system, and obtain vector speeds in three directions of the full height;
the diffusion speed calculation module 400 is configured to calculate the ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and calculate the diffusion speed by combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature;
the wind field obtaining module 500 is configured to calculate a north-south neutral wind, i.e. a north-south wind field, based on the diffusion speed and the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working processes and related descriptions of the above-described system may refer to corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
It should be noted that, in the system for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field based on ISR in low latitude region provided in the above embodiment, only the division of the above functional modules is exemplified, in practical application, the above functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiment of the present invention are further decomposed or combined, for example, the modules in the embodiment may be combined into one module, or may be further split into a plurality of sub-modules, so as to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps related to the embodiments of the present invention are merely for distinguishing the respective modules or steps, and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the present invention.
An electronic device of a third embodiment of the present invention includes at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors; the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for execution by the processor to implement the ISR-based method for extracting low latitude region ionospheric vector speeds, wind fields.
A computer readable storage medium according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention stores computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the above method for extracting ionospheric vector speed, wind farm in low latitude regions based on ISR.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working processes of the electronic device and the readable storage medium described above and related descriptions may refer to corresponding processes in the foregoing method examples, which are not repeated herein.
Reference is now made to FIG. 7, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing the servers of the method, system, electronic device, and readable storage medium embodiments of the present application. The server illustrated in fig. 7 is merely an example, and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments herein.
As shown in fig. 7, the computer system includes a central processing unit (CPU, central Processing Unit) 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 702 or a program loaded from a storage section 708 into a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory) 703. In the RAM703, various programs and data required for the system operation are also stored. The CPU701, ROM702, and RAM703 are connected to each other through a bus 704. An Input/Output (I/O) interface 705 is also connected to bus 704.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 705: an input section 706 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 707 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD, liquid Crystal Display), and the like, a speaker, and the like; a storage section 708 including a hard disk or the like; and a communication section 709 including a network interface card such as a LAN (local area network ) card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 709 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 710 is also connected to the I/O interface 705 as needed. A removable medium 711 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 710 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is mounted into the storage section 708 as necessary.
In particular, according to embodiments of the present application, the processes described above with reference to flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication portion 709, and/or installed from the removable medium 711. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof, a more specific example of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof A program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device is propagated or transmitted. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, smalltalk, C ++ and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus/apparatus.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
the ionosphere basic parameters of the low latitude region of the wind field are obtained through incoherent scattering radar ISR detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geographic coordinate system, and combining the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system, acquiring the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed in the geomagnetic coordinate system;
according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, combining the sight line speed, and performing least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
calculating ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature to obtain a diffusion speed through calculation;
based on the diffusion speed, combining the vector speeds of the three directions of the full height, and calculating to obtain the north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field.
2. The method for extracting ionospheric vector velocity and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between line-of-sight velocity and vector velocity in the geographic coordinate system is:
wherein ,
indicating the line of sight speed +.>
Indicate->
Directions of sight, i.e.)>
Indicate->
The line of sight speed in the direction of the line of sight,
、/>
、/>
representing vector speeds in three directions, the three directions being separatedThe directions are east, north and zenith, and the direction of the head is the east, north and zenith>
、/>
、/>
Weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions, +.>
、/>
、/>
Indicate->
Weights corresponding to vector speeds in three directions of the respective line of sight directions, +.>
Error indicating line of sight velocity correspondence, +.>
Indicate->
Errors corresponding to the line-of-sight speeds of the line-of-sight directions.
3. The method for extracting ionospheric vector velocity and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR according to claim 2, wherein the relationship between line-of-sight velocity and vector velocity in geomagnetic coordinate system is obtained by:
wherein ,
、/>
、/>
respectively represent the components of the vertical magnetic field which is easting, the vertical magnetic field which is northward and the direction of parallel magnetic lines,
representing the conversion factor of the parameter from the geographical coordinate system to the geomagnetic coordinate system, +.>
Representing the magnetic tilt angle +.>
Indicating magnetic declination>
Representing +.>
And (5) vector.
4. The method for extracting ionospheric vector velocity and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR according to claim 3, wherein the vector velocity in three directions of full height is calculated by the following method:
wherein ,
representing a coefficient matrix->
Representing the transpose of the matrix>
，/>
Vector speed representing three directions of full height, +.>
Representing vector velocity a priori error matrix,>
representing a line of sight velocity error matrix.
5. The method for extracting ionospheric vector velocity and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR according to claim 3, wherein the method for calculating the diffusion velocity is as follows:
wherein ,
indicates the diffusion rate +.>
Represents ion temperature, ++>
Represents electron temperature, ++>
Indicating electron density->
Representing ion mass,/->
Representing ion collision frequency, +.>
Indicating height, ->
Indicating the acceleration of gravity>
Representing the boltzmann constant.
6. The method for extracting ionospheric vector velocity and wind field based on ISR in low latitude region according to claim 5, wherein the wind field in north-south direction comprises the following calculation method:
wherein ,
representing the north-south directionWind field of->
Indicating the velocity in the direction of the magnetic field lines.
7. A system for extracting ionospheric vector speed and wind field in low latitude region based on ISR, the system comprising: the system comprises a parameter acquisition module, a relation conversion module, a vector speed calculation module, a diffusion speed calculation module and a wind field acquisition module;
the parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire ionosphere basic parameters of a low latitude area of a wind field and vector speed to be extracted through Incoherent Scattering Radar (ISR) detection; the ionosphere basic parameters comprise electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature and line-of-sight speed;
the relation conversion module is configured to acquire the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system based on the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geographic coordinate system and combined with the conversion relation between the geographic coordinate system and the geomagnetic coordinate system;
the vector speed calculation module is configured to combine the sight line speed according to the relation between the sight line speed and the vector speed under the geomagnetic coordinate system, and perform least square fitting to obtain vector speeds in three directions of the whole height;
the diffusion speed calculation module is configured to calculate the ion collision frequency of the ionized layer through a neutral model, and calculate the diffusion speed by combining the electron density, the electron temperature and the ion temperature;
the wind field acquisition module is configured to calculate and obtain north-south neutral wind, namely a north-south wind field, based on the diffusion speed and the vector speeds in the three full-height directions.
8. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to at least one of the processors;
wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor for performing the ISR-based method of extracting low latitude region ionospheric vector speed, wind farm of any of claims 1-6.
9. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for execution by the computer to implement the ISR-based method of extracting low latitude regional ionospheric vector speeds, wind fields of any of claims 1-6.
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