CN116335489B - Furnace door quick-fastening device - Google Patents
Furnace door quick-fastening device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116335489B CN116335489B CN202310246029.7A CN202310246029A CN116335489B CN 116335489 B CN116335489 B CN 116335489B CN 202310246029 A CN202310246029 A CN 202310246029A CN 116335489 B CN116335489 B CN 116335489B
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- connecting rod
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- pin shaft
- locking
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B65/00—Locks or fastenings for special use
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/04—Spring arrangements in locks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/10—Bolts of locks or night latches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B51/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by other non-mechanical means
- E05B51/02—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by other non-mechanical means by pneumatic or hydraulic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
- F27D1/1858—Doors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/04—Spring arrangements in locks
- E05B2015/0403—Wound springs
- E05B2015/0406—Wound springs wound in a cylindrical shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
- E05B15/04—Spring arrangements in locks
- E05B2015/0448—Units of springs; Two or more springs working together
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a furnace door quick-tightening device applied to powder metallurgy equipment. The movable connecting rod and the long connecting rod of the hinge rod mechanism are hinged through a shared pin shaft, and the short connecting rod is hinged with the locking hook; the long connecting rod is hinged with a fixed long connecting rod pin shaft. The moving pin on the locking hook can move in the track groove of the frame, and the spring is arranged on the moving pin for resetting. When the furnace door is locked, the included angle of the long connecting rod and the short connecting rod is between 174 degrees and 180 degrees and is perpendicular to the movable connecting rod. The fixed pin on the side plate of the frame and the movable pin sliding in the limit track groove limit the horizontal movement of the locking action of the locking hook. The device can realize quick centering, locking and opening of the furnace door, and has reliable action.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the technical field of powder metallurgy, relates to door cover operation of frequent opening and closing of vacuum equipment, and particularly relates to a door cover quick opening and closing locking device.
Background
The smelting furnace of the empty atomization powder making equipment is initially vertical, namely the smelting chamber is vertically arranged, the furnace cover is upward, and the furnace cover needs to be frequently opened during smelting operation and furnace maintenance. The traditional vertical furnace generally adopts a vertical supporting shaft (a bidirectional oil cylinder) and cantilever Liang Lugai lifting structure, and the furnace cover is pressed or covered by the vertical supporting shaft and the cantilever Liang Dingqi, so that the scheme is mature for a smaller vacuum melting furnace and is widely applied. With the increase of the yield of the vacuum smelting furnace, the single furnace capacity reaches hundreds of kilograms or even several tons, the structure of the vertical furnace is continuously adopted, the diameter of the furnace body is increased, the length of the cantilever beam is increased, and the like. The furnace cover and accessories with larger dead weight are difficult to move, more serious, larger bending moment is added, the support shaft and the cantilever beam are required to have higher rigidity and strength, and the stress condition of the support shaft is worsened. In addition, as the length of the cantilever beam increases, the reliability of cantilever compression decreases, requiring additional lock bolts to be added to ensure sealing, depending on potential disadvantages. Furthermore, the vertical furnace needs operators to climb in and climb out during operation, maintenance and overhaul, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming and has great potential safety hazard. Based on the reasons, the horizontal vacuum melting furnace has the advantages that the furnace shell is horizontally arranged, the furnace door (generally, the vertical furnace cover and the horizontal furnace door) is horizontally pushed by adopting the rail car, the space in the vacuum chamber is increased, the utilization rate of the vacuum chamber is improved, the crucible capacity is increased, the productivity is improved, and the consistency of alloy material components is better; the vertical supporting shaft is eliminated, and the potential safety hazard is reduced; by adopting the horizontal furnace, double-furnace opposite casting operation (an ingot furnace, an atomization powder making furnace and the like) can be realized, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and more horizontal schemes are adopted by mass production vacuum equipment.
At present, the horizontal furnace door adopts the operation modes of manual centering, locking and opening, namely U-shaped opening pressing plates are uniformly distributed around the furnace door, lifting bolts are arranged at corresponding positions of the furnace body locking pressing plates, the furnace door and the furnace body are centered during locking, then the furnace door and the furnace body are pre-tightened one by one for a plurality of times, and whether the furnace door and the furnace body are tightly fixed in place or not is judged through experience. The diameter of the horizontal furnace is more than 1.8 meters, 8-16 lifting bolts needed by one furnace door are unequal, and the problems of adverse operation (such as overhigh position, overlow position or adverse fastening force) exist, so that the operation of personnel is not facilitated, the locking is not tight, the furnace door locking mode is low in efficiency and the labor intensity is high. In order to improve the conditions, reduce the difficulty and strength of manual operation, improve the reliability of equipment, improve the process level and automation level of the equipment and improve the production efficiency or the daily productivity, a high-efficiency and rapid automatic locking and unlocking device for a furnace door is developed. No similar or analogous patent is found in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the furnace door quick-tightening device can quickly realize automatic centering, locking and opening of the furnace door, and adopts a three-connecting-rod common-hinge structure to enable the actions to reach an ideal state.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the furnace door quick-tightening device comprises a power mechanism, a frame and a hinge rod mechanism. The hinge rod mechanism comprises a movable connecting rod, a movable pin, a short connecting rod pin roll, a shared pin roll, a long connecting rod pin roll and the like. The lower end of the movable connecting rod, the left end of the short connecting rod and the right end of the long connecting rod are hinged through a common pin shaft, and the common pin shaft can be driven under the constraint of the three connecting rods. The right end of the short connecting rod is hinged with a short connecting rod pin shaft fixed at the right lower part of the locking hook; the left end of the long connecting rod is hinged with a long connecting rod pin shaft fixed at the left part of the frame. The right upper part of the locking hook is provided with a moving pin which horizontally moves left and right in a limit track groove on the frame. The driving cylinder of the power mechanism provides driving force for the movable connecting rod to move up and down.
Further, when the furnace door is in a locking state, the included angle between the short connecting rod and the long connecting rod is 174-180 degrees, and the connecting line of the movable connecting rod, the pin shaft of the short connecting rod and the pin shaft of the long connecting rod is nearly vertical. The ideal state of locking is: the short connecting rod and the long connecting rod form collineation, namely, the three points of the pin shaft of the short connecting rod, the pin shaft of the shared pin shaft and the pin shaft of the long connecting rod are collineation, and the movable connecting rod is vertical to the collineation.
Further, the hook head of the locking hook is connected with the bolt in a threaded manner, the contact point of the bolt and the furnace door is in a straight line with the connecting line or the collineation line, and the included angle of the long and short connecting rods can be adjusted by adjusting the bolt so as to be close to or reach 180 degrees.
Further, the frame comprises side plates, fixing pins, auxiliary vertical plates and the like, and all the components are fixed into a whole. The upper part of the side plate is connected with a power mechanism, the left part is fixedly provided with a fixed pin, and the right part is provided with a horizontal limit track groove; the auxiliary vertical plate is positioned at the front part of the side plate and is fixedly provided with a long connecting rod pin shaft; the fixed pin is positioned below the locking hook and is used for limiting the locking hook to horizontally move together with the moving pin.
Further, the power mechanism comprises a driving cylinder and a spring, one end of the spring is installed on the moving pin, the other end of the spring is installed on the long connecting rod pin shaft, or the stand or the furnace shell, and the elastic force enables the moving pin to move leftwards.
Further, the lower end of the driving cylinder is connected with a driving joint in a threaded manner, and the driving joint is hinged with the upper end of the movable connecting rod through a pin shaft of the driving cylinder. Or the drive cylinder and drive joint are directly replaced with an articulating cylinder.
Further, considering the stress and the space of the connecting rod, the horizontal stroke of the moving pin is not greater than the length of the short connecting rod; the length ratio of the long connecting rod to the short connecting rod is preferably 2-4. The ratio of the up-and-down movement distance of the driving cylinder to the horizontal movement distance of the moving pin, namely the ratio of the stroke of the driving cylinder to the horizontal stroke of the locking hook, is preferably 1.2-1.5.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device has simple structure and single and reliable driving. When the furnace door is uniformly arranged, the centering locking of the furnace door is rapidly realized, and the furnace door is particularly suitable for large furnace doors. The furnace door is automatically and synchronously centered, locked and unlocked, and has excellent control performance, high efficiency, environmental protection, safety and reliability. After the furnace door is locked, the locking hook cannot slide, and the locking reliability is high. The vacuum equipment has good sealing performance and low leakage rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the schematic diagram of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a left side schematic view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional B-B structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a released state;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the critical state;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a locked state;
FIG. 10 is a mechanical model of a hinge rod mechanism;
FIG. 11 is a mechanical model of the release state of the hinge rod mechanism;
FIG. 12 is a view of a critical state mechanics model of a hinge rod mechanism;
FIG. 13 is a mechanical model of the hinge rod mechanism in a locked state;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 3;
FIG. 16 is a schematic front view of an application of the device;
FIG. 17 is a left side schematic view of FIG. 16;
Wherein: 1-driving cylinder, 2-driving cylinder seat, 3-side plate, 4-driving joint, 5-movable connecting rod, 6-locking hook, 7-bottom plate, 8-movable pin, 9-short connecting rod, 10-short connecting rod pin, 11-shared pin, 12-long connecting rod, 13-auxiliary vertical plate, 14-long connecting rod pin, 15-bolt, 16-fixed pin, 17-spring, 18-driving cylinder pin, 19-limit track groove and 20-articulated cylinder.
Description of the embodiments
The "up and down" below is the up and down relative position of fig. 1, the "left and right" below is the left and right relative position of fig. 1, and the "side" below is the up and down direction of fig. 2. The following "up and down", "left and right", "side", "horizontal", "vertical", etc. are merely descriptions of the structure of the present device according to the drawings, and are not intended to limit the claims. For the simplicity of the drawing, the reinforcing ribs, the fasteners and the like are omitted.
Example 1
The structure of the embodiment is shown in figures 1-6, and the furnace door quick-tightening device comprises a power mechanism, a frame and a hinge rod mechanism. The power mechanism comprises a driving cylinder 1 and a spring 17, and is used for realizing the driving and resetting of the device. The driving cylinder 1 is arranged at the upper part of the device and provides driving force, and the cylinder rod moves downwards to realize quick-tightening of the furnace door. The springs 17 are arranged at two sides of the device, and when the cylinder rod moves upwards to release, the springs 17 always output pulling force outwards to pull the locking hook 6 leftwards. The driving cylinder 1 can adopt a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod.
The frame comprises a driving cylinder seat 2 at the upper part, side plates 3 at the two sides, a bottom plate 7 at the lower part, an auxiliary vertical plate 13 at the left part, a fixing pin 16 and the like, and the components are fixedly connected into a whole and are fixing components of a quick tightening device for connecting a power mechanism and a hinge rod mechanism. The necessary hole grooves are machined on the side plates 3, and the power distribution, the position limitation and the state locking are realized through the pin shafts. The driving cylinder seat 2 is used for installing the driving cylinder 1, the auxiliary vertical plate 13 is provided with a mounting hole of the long connecting rod pin shaft 14, the left part of the side plate 3 is provided with a mounting hole of the mounting fixing pin 16, and the right part of the side plate is provided with a limit track groove 19 for the left and right movement of the moving pin 8. A fixing pin 16 is located below the left part of the locking hook 6 for limiting the downward rotation limit position of the locking hook 6.
The hinge rod mechanism comprises a driving joint 4, a movable connecting rod 5, a locking hook 6, a movable pin 8, a short connecting rod 9, a short connecting rod pin shaft 10, a shared pin shaft 11, a long connecting rod 12, a long connecting rod pin shaft 14, a driving cylinder pin shaft 18 and the like. The hinge rod mechanism is responsible for power conversion and transmission, under the auxiliary positioning action of the fixing pin 16, the up-down linear motion of the driving cylinder is converted into the rotation and the left-right horizontal motion of the locking hook 6, ideal power distribution is realized, and huge square clamping force output is realized when clamping is needed. The upper end of the driving joint 4 is connected with the driving cylinder 1, the lower end of the driving joint is hinged with the upper end of the movable connecting rod 5 through a driving cylinder pin shaft 18, the lower end of the movable connecting rod 5 is hinged with the left end of the short connecting rod 9 and the right end of the long connecting rod 12 through a common pin shaft 11, and the common pin shaft 11 acts under the constraint of three connecting rods. The right end of the short connecting rod 9 is hinged to the right lower part of the locking hook 6 through a short connecting rod pin shaft 10, and the short connecting rod pin shaft 10 is fixedly arranged with the locking hook 6; the left end of the long connecting rod 12 is hinged with a long connecting rod pin shaft 14, and the long connecting rod pin shaft 14 is fixed on the auxiliary vertical plate 13. The upper right part of the locking hook 6 is provided with a moving pin 8, and the moving pin 8 can horizontally move left and right in a limit track groove 19. The moving pin 8 and the long link pin 14 are connected to both ends of the spring 17.
The hook head of the locking hook 6 is provided with a threaded hole, and a bolt 15 is connected to the threaded hole in a threaded manner, so that the contact movement distance between the hook head of the locking hook 6 and the oven door is adjusted, and the long connecting rod and the short connecting rod are in a best straight line, namely, three pins of the long connecting rod pin 14, the common pin 11 and the short connecting rod pin 10 are in an ideal stress state.
When the furnace door quick-tightening device is used, three typical working states are a release state, a critical state and a locking state respectively, as shown in figures 7-9. In different states, there are different functional and operational requirements.
The release state is shown in fig. 7, the locking hook 6 is in a fully opened state, at the moment, the moving pin 8 stops at the left limit position of the limit track groove 19, the driving cylinder is in the minimum stroke, the device is separated from the furnace door, and the pre-locking positioning of closing the furnace door or the removal operation of opening the furnace door can be performed in the state.
The critical state is shown in fig. 8, and is essentially the transition state between locking and releasing, which is important, and is the release and locking demarcation point. The cylinder rod of the driving cylinder 1 stretches out to drive the driving joint 4 to move downwards, the movable connecting rod 5 drives the common pin shaft 11 to move downwards, the common pin shaft 11 rotates downwards around the fixed long connecting rod pin shaft 14, meanwhile, the short connecting rod pin shaft 10 is driven to move, the movable pin 8 is limited in the horizontal limiting track groove 19 due to the fact that the short connecting rod pin shaft 10 is fixed on the locking hook 6, the movable pin 8 is temporarily fixed due to the elastic force of the spring 17, the short connecting rod pin shaft 10 rotates anticlockwise around the movable pin 8, and the hook head of the locking hook 6 rotates downwards. When the lower edge of the locking hook 6 touches the fixing pin 16, the locking hook 6 is in a horizontal position and is consistent with the length direction of the limit track groove 19. The moving pin 8 is still stopped at the left limit position of the limit rail groove 19 due to the elastic tension of the spring 17. At this time, the device uniformly distributed on the large furnace door is provided with the locking hooks 6 which are all in a horizontal state, so that the centering operation of the furnace door can be realized.
The locking state is shown in figure 9, the hinge rod mechanism achieves a self-locking stable state, and the furnace door and the furnace body are tightly locked together. The driving joint 4 continues to move downwards, the movable connecting rod 5 drives the common pin 11 to continue to rotate downwards around the fixed long connecting rod pin 14, and simultaneously drives the short connecting rod pin 10 to move, at the moment, the fixed pin 16 limits the locking hook 6 to rotate, and the short connecting rod pin 10 drives the movable pin 8 to move rightwards only in the horizontal limiting track groove 19, so that the locking hook 6 moves rightwards to lock the oven door. In the locking state, the short connecting rod 9 and the long connecting rod 12 are in a linear state, and the movable connecting rod 5 is in an ideal locking state in a straight line perpendicular to the long connecting rod and the short connecting rod. At this time, the spring 17 is in the longest tensile state, and the moving pin 8 approaches the right limit position of the limit rail groove 19.
FIG. 10 is a mechanical model diagram of a three-link co-hinge rod mechanism. The X point is a fixed point, the W point is an up-down moving point, the Y point is a horizontal moving point, and the X point and the Y point are equal in height. WX and WY are two connecting rods respectively, the WX connecting rod is hinged and fixed at the X point, the WY connecting rod is hinged at the Y point and can slide horizontally and linearly, and the two connecting rods and the driving cylinder are hinged at the W point. Fw is driving force, fw 1 and Fw 2 are component forces along the directions of the two connecting rods, fx and Fy are reaction forces of the two connecting rods at the hinge point along the directions of the connecting rods, and Fx 1 and Fx 2 are component forces of Fx in the horizontal and vertical directions; fy 1 and Fy 2 are the force components of Fy in the horizontal and vertical directions; w1 and w2 are angles of Fw and Fw 1 and Fw 2 respectively, and x1 and y1 are angles of connecting rods WX and WY and horizontal directions respectively, and are angles of connecting rod reaction force and horizontal component force.
According to the vector triangle rule of forces, the conclusion is as follows:
Fw2 2=Fw2+Fw1 2-2×Fw×Fw1×cos(w1)
Fw1 2=Fw2+Fw2 2-2×Fw×Fw2×cos(w2)
Based on the principle of equal reaction force, orthogonal decomposition of force and force balance, the conclusion is as follows:
Fx=Fw1 Fx1=Fx×cos(x1)=Fw1×cos(x1)
Fy=Fw 2 Fy1=Fy×cos(y1)=Fw2 ×cos (y 1) and Fx 1=Fy1
Basic transformation, obtaining balanced type: fw 1×cos(x1)=Fw2 x cos (y 1)
The method comprises the following steps of:
the W point gradually moves downwards along with the increase of the driving force Fw (after the Fw can overcome the resistance, the Y point moves rightwards) until the XWY three points are collinear, namely the limiting angles of the Fw and the included angles W1 and W2 of Fw 1 and Fw 2 approach 90 degrees, and the limiting angles of the included angles x1 and Y1 of the push rods WX and WY and the horizontal plane approach 0 degrees.
So that: lim { Fw [ Fw-2Fw 2 x cos (w 2) ] } =0
Theoretically, when the quick clamping device approaches to a locking state, the pre-tightening capability is strong:
As the W point moves down, if the included angle (180-W1-W2) of the connecting rod is smaller than the self-locking angle, the clamping force comes from Fx 1 of the fixed point X, the internal force of the push rods WX and WY is conducted, and the locking action basically does not depend on the driving cylinder any more. That is, when the point W falls on the XY straight line, the clamping force is maximum when the three points are on a line, and the two links WX and WY enter a self-locking state.
Fig. 11-13 are mechanical model diagrams of the hinge rod mechanism of the device in a release state, a critical state and a locking state. In the figure:
The point A is an up-and-down moving point and represents a driving cylinder pin shaft 18;
The point B is a free moving point and represents a common pin shaft 11;
the point C is a fixed point and represents a long connecting rod pin 14;
the point D is a free moving point and represents a short connecting rod pin shaft 10;
The point E is a horizontal moving point and represents a moving pin 8;
the point F represents the force application point of the locking hook head, namely the force application point acting on the furnace door;
the point H is a fixed point representing the fixed pin 16;
AB represents the movable connecting rod 5;
BC represents the long link 12;
BD stands for short link 9;
DE represents the right part of the locking hook 6;
l is the arm of the locking hook 6 about point E (the moving pin 8).
Fa is the downward thrust of the drive cylinder, fa 1 is the component of Fa in the AB direction;
Fb is the force exerted by the link AB at point B (fb=fa 1）,Fb1 is the component of Fb in the BC (long link 12) direction, fb 2 is the component of Fb in the BD (short link 9) direction;
Fd is the force applied by the connecting rod BD at point D (fd=fb 2), fd1 and Fd2 are the force components of Fd in the vertical and horizontal directions, fd 3 is the force component of Fd in the DE direction, and Fd 4 is the force component of Fd in the DE vertical direction;
fe is the resultant force of the elastic force of the spring 17 and the constraint of the limit track groove 19 borne by the moving pin (8), fe1 is the horizontal component force of Fe, and Fe2 is the vertical component force of Fe;
fh is the reaction force exerted on the locking hook 6 by the point H, i.e., the leasing force of the point H (fixing pin 16) preventing the locking hook 6 from rotating downward.
When the critical state is changed into the release state, see fig. 11, the cylinder rod of the driving cylinder moves upwards, namely the point A moves upwards, at the moment, the locking hook 6 stops at the left limit position of the limit track groove 19 under the action of resultant force Fe, and the DE (locking hook 6) rotates clockwise around the point E (moving pin 8) under the action of the pulling force of BD (short connecting rod 9), so that the hook head of the locking hook is lifted and is in the release state, see fig. 7. If the locking action is performed, the cylinder rod of the driving cylinder extends, see fig. 12, the point a moves downwards, the point B and the point D are free points, the point B rotates downwards around the point C, the locking hook 6 still stops at the left limit position of the limit track groove 19 under the action of the resultant force Fe in the descending process of the point B, the point D rotates around the point E, so that the DE rotates anticlockwise, and the locking hook head rotates downwards. The component Fa 1 of the downward pushing force Fa of the driving cylinder in the AB direction causes the point B (the common pin 11) to move downward, fa 1 is consistent with the magnitude direction of the force Fb acting on the point B (the common pin 11), fb 1 is consistent with the magnitude direction of the force Fd acting on the point D, the component Fd 4 of Fd generates a moment m=fd 4 ×l relative to the point E, under the action of this moment M, the locking hook 6 rotates counterclockwise around the point E (the moving pin 8), the hook head of the locking hook falls until the bottom plane of the locking hook contacts the point H (the fixed pin 16), and the critical state before locking is entered. The pressing of the H point (fixing pin 16) generates a force Fh which prevents the locking hook 6 from rotating downwards, and the force Fh and the force Fd 1 together, under the limit rail groove 19, enable the locking hook head to be in a horizontal position state. At this time, the locking hook is in a force balance and moment balance state, and is in a critical state. After the critical state, the driving cylinder pushing force Fa is continuously increased, the component force Fe 1 of the spring pulling force is insufficient to overcome Fd 2, the point E (the moving pin 8) moves rightwards, the locking hook 6 is driven to horizontally move rightwards, the hook head of the locking hook starts to perform locking action, the locking force is increased along with the increase of the locking stroke, fd=fb 2, fd 2=fd×cos (d 2) =fb 2×cos (d 2). As shown in fig. 13, the locking operation requires that the hook head of the locking hook be moved horizontally and rightward, and the point F is a locking force application point and is located at the axial position of the bolt 15. In an ideal locking state, three points of a point C (a long connecting rod pin 14), a point B (a shared pin 11) and a point D (a short connecting rod pin 10) are collinear, and a point F is preferably on the straight line. The design, manufacture, installation and debugging must ensure that three points of the BCD are collinear, so that the locking hook cannot have moment deviating from the BCD straight line in a locking state, and the sliding and sliding trend of the locking point is avoided.
After locking is completed, the ideal condition is that the three points of BCD are in line, and the locking force is basically from the point C. In actual use, friction angle self-locking (the self-locking angle of steel is about 7 degrees) can be realized as long as the CBD is larger than 173 degrees. For reliable self-locking, the angle CBD is preferably 174-180 degrees. During debugging, the position of the bolt 15 is adjusted, and the horizontal moving distance of the locking hook is adjusted, so that the angle CBD falls into the angle interval.
In the device, the design of the left long connecting rod and the right short connecting rod is a characteristic of the device. The longer the BC long connecting rod is, the closer the arc motion track of the point B around the point C is to a straight line when the point A moves up and down, the smaller the swing angle of the connecting rod AB is, and the more ideal the stress state is. The smaller the length of the BD short connecting rod, the faster the DE rotation speed is when the point B moves up and down, and the rapid rotation of the locking hook is realized. When the locking hook contacts the fixed pin, the arc movement of the point B is converted into horizontal rightward movement of the point D and the point E, and the device action is converted into locking by the pair.
The design key points are as follows: 1. the maximum value of the horizontal stroke of the locking hook is the length of the short connecting rod. In the locked state, the CBD is three-point and one-line, and the AB is perpendicular to the CBD. In the critical state, in order to ensure that the D2 angle is smaller than 90 degrees, namely the leftmost side of the point D and the point A are on the vertical line, the horizontal stroke of the locking hook, namely the horizontal stroke of the point D and the point E, is consistent with the length of the short connecting rod. 2. The ratio of the driving cylinder stroke to the locking hook horizontal stroke is preferably 1.2-1.5. Before the critical state, the small stroke of the driving cylinder can realize large-angle rotation of the locking hook, so that the locking force and the locking stroke are accurately controlled, the stroke of the driving cylinder is preferably amplified, that is, the arc movement of the point B around the point D is converted into the horizontal movement of the point D, and the moving distance of the point B is preferably increased. 3. The ratio of the long link to the short link is preferably 2-4. The greater the proportion, the more favorable the Fb2 is increased, namely Fd is increased, and the greater the stress of the locking hook is, the more favorable the action of the locking hook is. However, the larger the ratio, the larger the overall dimension of the device. In this embodiment, the recommended proportional relationship is the length of the long link: short link length: horizontal travel of the locking hook: drive cylinder stroke = 2.5:1:1:1.25.
Example 2
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in the position of the spring 17, and the left end of the spring 17 is fixed to the fixing pin 16, as shown in fig. 14. Spring 17 is near horizontal and Fe 1 is near Fe.
The left end of the spring 17 may also be fixed to the side plate 3 or to the furnace shell, as long as the spring tension is satisfied such that the moving pin 8 is forced to the left. Only the fixed long link pin 14 and the fixed pin 16 are present in the above embodiment, and the use is made directly without adding components.
Example 3
The present embodiment changes the fixedly mounted drive cylinder to a hingedly mounted articulation cylinder 20 as shown in fig. 15. This structure can integrate the drive cylinder 1 and the drive joint 4 in the above embodiment, simplify the structure, and reduce the number of parts and the amount of processing.
The articulated cylinder 20 can also adopt an electric push rod, the driving force of the electric push rod comes from electric energy, the electric push rod is suitable for occasions lacking a hydraulic station or a pressure air source, a conveying pipeline of pressure oil or pressure air is omitted, and the equipment installation and maintenance cost is reduced.
When the device is used, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the periphery of the furnace door is uniformly distributed on the circumference, and all the devices are controlled to act together. When the furnace door is opened, the uniformly distributed quick-tightening devices are all in a release state, the furnace door is opened and removed, and pouring or furnace operation is performed. When the furnace door is closed, the quick fastening device is still in a release state, and after the furnace door is closed, whether the conditions of mutual distance, mutual coaxiality and the like between the furnace door and the furnace body meet the requirements or not is checked. When the driving device enters a critical state, all locking hooks are horizontal, and the centering of the furnace door and the furnace mouth can be automatically adjusted. Along with the extension of the driving cylinder, the common pin shaft 11 moves, when the bolt 15 presses the furnace door, the long and short connecting rods 9 and 12 are in a straight line position, the movable connecting rod 5 is perpendicular to the straight line, the locking hook is in a self-locking state, and the furnace door is tightly closed. Since the bottom plate 7 is a flat plate, the bottom plate 7 can be omitted when the furnace door is mounted in the drawings, and the side plate 3 and the auxiliary vertical plate 13 can be directly welded and fixed on the furnace shell. For square oven doors or covers, a structure with a bottom plate 7 may be used.
The device has simple structure, single driving action and simple and reliable control. According to the clamping requirement, the small furnace door or the furnace cover can be used independently, and the large furnace door can be symmetrically arranged in a matched manner. The device replaces the U-shaped opening pressing plate, the centering, locking and releasing of the furnace door are automatically and synchronously carried out, the centering, locking and releasing of the furnace door are completed within a few seconds, the degree of automation is high, the working efficiency is high, and compared with the traditional manual locking, the production efficiency is improved by more than 50%, and the device is particularly suitable for locking of a large furnace door. The clamping devices are uniformly distributed, the centering of the furnace door and the furnace mouth can be automatically realized in a critical state, and the coaxial deviation can be controlled below 4 mm. The locking hook performs linear locking action only by linear movement of the furnace door towards the furnace body, and the locking hook is only pressed and does not slide relative to the stress point. Even if the driving cylinder fails after the furnace door is locked, the furnace door cannot be loosened, and the reliability is high. The door is opened by moving the locking hook linearly (with the stroke of about 40 mm) to the outside of the door, releasing the door, and then rotating the locking hook to release the door, so that the manual door opening operation is quickly reproduced. The device can be quickly and automatically locked and unlocked to replace manual operation in severe environments or in environments unsuitable for manual operation, and labor intensity is reduced.
The device has perfect power output characteristic, and when clamping is needed, the device outputs large clamping force and the movement speed of the locking hook is low; in a small load state (when the locking hook swings and is clamped in idle stroke), small clamping force is output, the locking hook moves fast, and the ideal mechanical and kinematic characteristics are realized by combining the hinge rod mechanism and the auxiliary positioning mechanism, so that the ideal state is basically achieved.
The device is applied to a 200kg vacuum atomization horizontal furnace, a vacuum atomization production line and a 200kg horizontal vacuum ingot furnace in the field of powder metallurgy at present, and has the advantages of good action after installation and debugging, vacuum degree of less than or equal to 10 -2 Pa, leakage rate of less than or equal to 1 Pa/h, stable and reliable equipment operation, stable product quality and obvious improvement of equipment operation and maintenance performance. The invention solves the problems of positioning and quick opening and closing of the furnace cover which is frequently opened and closed on large-scale vacuum equipment, and simultaneously has high locking hook strength due to large clamping force, and more reliable sealing performance of the closed furnace cover, thereby being widely applied to similar equipment environmental conditions of vacuum furnaces, isostatic pressing, diffusion welding and furnace doors (furnace covers) of pressure vessels.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a furnace gate fast tightly installs which characterized in that: comprises a power mechanism, a frame and a hinge rod mechanism; the hinge rod mechanism comprises a movable connecting rod (5), a movable pin (8), a short connecting rod (9), a short connecting rod pin shaft (10), a shared pin shaft (11), a long connecting rod (12) and a long connecting rod pin shaft (14); the lower end of the movable connecting rod (5), the left end of the short connecting rod (9) and the right end of the long connecting rod (12) are hinged through a common pin shaft (11), and the common pin shaft (11) acts under the constraint of the three connecting rods; the right end of the short connecting rod (9) is hinged with a short connecting rod pin shaft (10), and the short connecting rod pin shaft (10) is fixed at the right lower part of the locking hook (6); the left end of the long connecting rod (12) is hinged with a long connecting rod pin shaft (14), and the long connecting rod pin shaft (14) is fixed at the left part of the frame; the right upper part of the locking hook (6) is provided with a moving pin (8), and the moving pin (8) horizontally moves left and right in a limit track groove (19) on the frame; the power mechanism provides driving force for the movable connecting rod (5) to move up and down.
2. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the furnace door is in a locking state, the included angle between the short connecting rod (9) and the long connecting rod (12) is 174-180 degrees, and the connecting line between the movable connecting rod (5) and the short connecting rod pin shaft (10) and the long connecting rod pin shaft (14) is vertical.
3. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the furnace door is in a locking state, the short connecting rod (9) and the long connecting rod (12) form a collineation, and the movable connecting rod (5) is perpendicular to the collineation.
4. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the hook head of the locking hook (6) is in threaded connection with a bolt (15), and the contact point of the bolt (15) and the furnace door is in a straight line with the connecting line or the collineation line.
5. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal stroke of the moving pin (8) is not greater than the length of the short connecting rod (9); the length ratio of the long connecting rod (12) to the short connecting rod (9) is 2-4.
6. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the machine frame comprises side plates (3) at two sides, a fixed pin (16) and an auxiliary vertical plate (13) at the left part, wherein the side plates (3), the fixed pin (16) and the auxiliary vertical plate (13) are fixedly connected into a whole; the upper part of the side plate (3) is connected with a power mechanism, a left mounting fixing pin (16) and a right processing horizontal limit track groove (19); the auxiliary vertical plate (13) is positioned at the front part of the side plate (3), and a long connecting rod pin shaft (14) is fixedly installed.
7. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power mechanism comprises a driving cylinder (1) and a spring (17), wherein the driving cylinder (1) provides driving force for the movable connecting rod (5) to move up and down, one end of the spring (17) is arranged on the movable pin (8), the other end of the spring is arranged on the long connecting rod pin shaft (14) or the stand or the furnace shell, and the elastic force enables the movable pin (8) to move left.
8. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 7, wherein: the ratio of the up-and-down movement distance of the driving cylinder (1) to the horizontal movement distance of the moving pin (8) is 1.2-1.5.
9. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 7, wherein: the lower end of the driving cylinder (1) is in threaded connection with a driving joint (4), and the driving joint (4) is hinged with the upper end of the movable connecting rod (5) through a driving cylinder pin shaft (18).
10. The oven door quick-fastening device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the drive cylinder (1) and the drive joint (4) are replaced by a hinge cylinder (20).
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| CN202310246029.7A CN116335489B (en) | 2023-03-15 | 2023-03-15 | Furnace door quick-fastening device |
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| CN202310246029.7A CN116335489B (en) | 2023-03-15 | 2023-03-15 | Furnace door quick-fastening device |
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| CN116335489B true CN116335489B (en) | 2024-05-03 |
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| CN116335489A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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