CN116334342A - Method for reducing slag accumulation of overhead water tank of converter - Google Patents
Method for reducing slag accumulation of overhead water tank of converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116334342A CN116334342A CN202310366855.5A CN202310366855A CN116334342A CN 116334342 A CN116334342 A CN 116334342A CN 202310366855 A CN202310366855 A CN 202310366855A CN 116334342 A CN116334342 A CN 116334342A
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- slag
- molten iron
- converter
- smelting
- oxygen
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: in the early stage of converter smelting, adding scrap steel and most of slag-making materials into a converter, then adding molten iron to completely soak the scrap steel into the molten iron, igniting by using an oxygen gun to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, and then adding the rest slag-making agent for smelting; and after smelting, discharging the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas into an overhead water tank through a fastest curve elbow. In the earlier stage of converter smelting, the scrap steel is completely soaked in molten iron, and the oxygen lance is used for ignition to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, so that the phenomenon that the scrap steel is blown to be damaged to emit yellow smoke can be greatly reduced, and the generation of smoke in the earlier stage of converter smelting is reduced. And then condensing flue gas generated by converter smelting, discharging sewage discharged by condensation into an overhead water tank through a fastest curve bent pipe, and discharging the sewage into the water tank at a maximum speed, so that the adhesion of oxides in the sewage on the tank wall can be greatly reduced, and the slag accumulation of the overhead water tank of the converter is integrally reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter.
Background
The converter produces a large amount of high-temperature flue gas containing carbon monoxide and ferric oxide dust in the converting process, the flue gas is cooled to below 1000 ℃ in an unburned state, then the flue gas enters a washing system for purifying and recycling the coal gas, and sewage discharged by the washing system is conveyed to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation through an overhead water tank. Because the suspended solids content in the dust collection sewage is very high, and mainly comprises ferric oxide, carbon particles and slag particles, a part of the oxides are stuck on the wall in the flowing process of the overhead water tank, are precipitated to the bottom of the water tank, then are thicker and thicker, the water level of the overhead water tank is increased due to enrichment for a period of time, the sewage overflows from the upper edge of the water tank, so that the environment pollution is caused, the safety risk is increased, and the normal operation of the converter is interrupted. The elevated water tank is required to be subjected to dredging operation in a manual or mechanical mode to maintain the normal production of the converter, but the operation rate of the converter is reduced, and the labor intensity of workers and the manual cleaning cost are increased.
In view of the above problems, it is desirable to provide a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for reducing slag accumulation of an overhead water tank of a converter.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter, which comprises the following steps: adding scrap steel and a first part of slag forming material into a converter, adding molten iron to completely soak the scrap steel into the molten iron, simultaneously opening bottom blowing gas, igniting by using an oxygen gun to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, and adding a second part of slag forming agent to perform smelting; and after smelting, discharging the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas into an overhead water tank through a fastest curve elbow.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter, which comprises the following steps: in the early stage of converter smelting, adding scrap steel and most slag formers into a converter, then adding molten iron to completely soak the scrap steel into the molten iron, simultaneously opening bottom blowing gas, using an oxygen gun to ignite to completely smelt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, then adding the rest slag formers for smelting, and discharging sewage discharged by condensing flue gas into an overhead water tank through a curve elbow pipe after the converter smelting is finished. The waste steel in the earlier stage is completely soaked in molten iron and then smelted, so that the phenomenon that the waste steel is blown out to emit yellow smoke can be greatly reduced, and the generation of flue gas in the earlier stage of converter smelting is reduced. The sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas in the later stage is discharged into an overhead water tank through the fastest curve bent pipe, the sewage is discharged into the water tank at the maximum speed, the adhesion of oxides in the sewage on the tank wall can be greatly reduced, the adhesion of the flue gas on the tank wall is reduced through the earlier stage and the later stage, and the slag accumulation of the overhead water tank of the converter can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of a bottom-blown argon gas port of a converter, wherein a is a top view before the bottom-blown argon gas port of the converter is reformed, and b is a top view after the bottom-blown argon gas port of the converter is reformed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a steel flow in a converter, wherein a is a front flow diagram of the steel flow before the bottom-blown argon gas port of the converter is reformed, and b is a front flow diagram of the steel flow after the bottom-blown argon gas port of the converter is reformed;
fig. 3 is a schematic water flow section of the overhead water tank, a is a schematic water flow section before the improvement of the overhead water tank, and b is a schematic water flow section after the improvement of the overhead water tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter provided by the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter, which comprises the following steps: adding scrap steel and a first part of slag forming material into a converter, adding molten iron to completely soak the scrap steel into the molten iron, simultaneously opening bottom blowing gas, igniting by using an oxygen gun to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, and adding a second part of slag forming agent to perform smelting; and after smelting, discharging the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas into an overhead water tank through a fastest curve elbow.
Wet dust removal is used in converter of one procedure in shao steel mill, namely flue gas generated in the smelting process of the converter is pumped into a condenser through a dust removal system, after condensate water is sprayed into the flue gas, impurities such as oxides in the flue gas are washed away, the rest flue gas is continuously pumped away, and the washed sewage flows into an overhead water tank. In the process, because the smoke dust generated by converter smelting is large, particularly in the early stage of scrap steel melting, a large amount of ferric oxide is generated, and some of scrap steel with lighter mass is directly gasified together in the oxygen blowing process and enters a dust removing pipeline, the condensed sewage contains a large amount of oxide. Therefore, the slag is collected from the source, and the reduction of slag accumulation in the water tank is critical. The inventor provides a method for reducing the smoke generated by earlier smelting through long-term practice, which comprises the following steps: the scrap steel and most of slag forming materials are completely soaked in molten iron, and an oxygen gun is used for ignition to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron and then smelt, so that the phenomenon that the scrap steel is blown down to emit yellow smoke can be greatly reduced, less smoke dust is generated, and less oxide flows into a water tank. After the converter smelting flue gas is pumped to the condenser, the sewage discharged after the flue gas is sprayed flows into the overhead water tank through the fastest curve bent pipe, so that the sewage enters the overhead water tank at the maximum flow speed, and the bonding of ferric oxide on the pipe wall is reduced. The method can greatly reduce slag accumulation in the overhead water tank of the converter.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises: adding scrap steel into a converter, adding molten iron to enable the scrap steel to be completely soaked in the molten iron, rocking the converter back and forth for 2-4 times at a rocking angle of between plus and minus 45 degrees at an angle of 0 degrees right above a furnace mouth, simultaneously opening bottom blowing nitrogen or argon, setting the bottom blowing air flow of the converter to 40-60 cubic meters per hour, and enabling the liquid level of the molten iron to roll up to enable the surface of the scrap steel to be soaked with the molten iron.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the molten iron to the scrap steel is controlled as follows: 105 tons of molten iron: 25-26 tons of scrap steel, the silicon content in molten iron is 0.56-0.59 percent, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1285-1305 ℃ so as to meet the heat balance requirement of smelting. The silicon and oxygen in the molten iron combine to release heat, so that the temperature of the molten steel can be increased, through practice, the silicon content of the molten iron is 0.56% -0.59%, the temperature of the molten iron is 1285-1305 ℃, and the temperature of 105 tons of molten iron and 25-26 tons of scrap steel is just surplus, so that the cooled agglomerated pellets are not needed to be cooled, the later-stage supplementary blowing and heating due to insufficient temperature are avoided, and the heat balance requirement in the smelting process is just met.
In an alternative embodiment, the method for melting the scrap steel on the surface of molten iron by using oxygen lance ignition is as follows: measuring the molten iron zero position in the converter, when the lance position of the oxygen lance is reduced to 3.5 m away from the surface of molten iron, starting to open an oxygen valve for ignition, setting the pressure of an oxygen main pipe to be 1.4-1.8 MPa, setting the oxygen flow to be 25000-28500 cubic meters per hour, enabling the pressure during ignition to be 0.8-0.9 MPa, reducing the oxygen flow to be 300-400 cubic meters per hour each time after ignition, reducing the lance interval time to be 20-30 seconds, firstly reducing the oxygen flow to be 2 m away from the surface of molten iron from 3.5, then slowly reducing the oxygen blowing pressure to be 1.4 m away from the surface of molten iron, reducing the oxygen blowing pressure to be 0.7-0.72 MPa, and then adjusting the bottom blowing flow to be 35-45 cubic meters per hour, so that the waste tempering of the surface of molten iron is completed.
In an alternative embodiment, after the surface of molten iron is completely tempered, slag-making materials are added for slag-making smelting, the gun position and the oxygen pressure are controlled to be kept in the early stage and the middle stage of smelting, when the later stage of smelting is reached, the oxygen flow is regulated to 26300-26800 cubic meters/hour, the pressure is increased to 0.9-0.92 megapascal, the carbon is pulled down, the components are promoted to be uniform, and after the components are qualified, the tapping is finished.
In an alternative embodiment, when the slag-retaining operation is adopted in the converter smelting, after the surface of molten iron is completely tempered, the second part of slag-making material is added in batches, and when the slag-retaining operation is not adopted, the second part of slag-making material is added in batches after the ignition by using an oxygen lance.
In an alternative embodiment, the first part of slag making material accounts for 50-70% of the total amount of slag making material, the second part of slag making material accounts for 30-50% of the total amount of slag making material, the slag making material comprises at least one of lime, dolomite, fluorite and cold bonded pellets, and the total amount of slag making material is 6.5-8.5 tons/120 tons of molten steel.
It is worth to say that in both the method of slag retention and no slag retention, slag retention can be selected, so that when scrap steel is added, the scrap steel can be buffered by slag and can not be directly crashed on a furnace lining, in addition, when oxygen blowing starts for 0-3 minutes, part of slag is on the surface, oxygen is reduced to directly blow on the scrap steel, smoke dust is reduced, preferably, the slag amount is controlled to be between 2-3 tons, and the thickness of 1 ton of slag is about 20-30 cm during slag retention operation. The slag is left less, so that more slag is wasted when smelting in a lower furnace, and more slag forming material consumption is consumed when smelting in the lower furnace; however, the slag thickness is too thick, when smelting in a lower furnace, the oxygen lance is difficult to blow and ignite, a large amount of carbon monoxide is accumulated on the surface of the furnace mouth, and the safety risk is high.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises: the distance between the argon port at the bottom of the converter and the center of the circle is reduced, so that the argon tends to concentrate from the bottom of the converter to the air outlet on the surface of molten iron, and in order to further eliminate the safety risk, the oxygen jet of an oxygen gun is prevented from being directly blown onto scrap steel to generate dense smoke, the position of the argon port at the bottom of the converter is adjusted, see the graph a in fig. 1, the distance between the argon port before transformation and the center of the circle is 0.7 meter, the argon port at the bottom of the converter is dispersed, further see the graph a in fig. 2, after the scrap steel and molten iron are added, argon is opened, argon bubbles can drive molten iron to flow upwards, when the molten iron reaches the top surface, the molten iron can scatter in all directions and then flow downwards, and because the argon port at the bottom of the relatively dispersing, a part of molten iron, slag and scrap steel can flow towards the center direction, when oxygen is ignited, the slag or scrap steel is too thick to stop oxygen, so that the molten iron cannot be contacted to cause ignition, or cause ignition lag, and small explosion occurs after abrupt ignition, and a large amount of dense smoke is generated. Therefore, the inventor adjusts the distribution of the bottom argon blowing ports of the converter through a large number of practices, see the diagram b in fig. 1, the distance from the bottom argon blowing ports to the center of a circle after modification is 0.5 m, and the argon tends to concentrate from the bottom of the furnace to the air outlet on the surface of molten iron by reducing the distance from the center of the circle of the bottom argon blowing ports to the center of the circle in fig. 2, so that slag and scrap steel in the central area are reduced, molten iron is exposed, oxygen jet is prevented from blowing to slag or scrap steel, smoke dust is reduced, and the safety risk of ignition is avoided.
It should be noted that, since the converter designs of each plant are somewhat different, the distribution of the bottom argon blowing ports is different, the size is not suitable for a fixed value, and other parameter adjustment needs to be integrated.
In an alternative embodiment, a Laval water outlet is arranged on the fastest curve elbow, and the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas is discharged into the overhead water tank through the Laval water outlet on the fastest curve elbow. The fastest curve elbow is provided with a Laval water outlet, and the direction of the Laval water outlet corresponds to the water flow direction of the overhead water tank.
Before improvement, the water outlet direction of the overhead water tank is vertical to the right lower part of the water tank, the water flow rate is 450 cubic meters per hour, the water flow direction after water discharge is two sides of the water tank, then the water flows downwards along with gravity, the water flow sectional area is 1.01 square meters, the water flow speed is about 450 cubic meters per hour/1.01 square meters = 444.4 meters per hour, more slag is deposited in the water tank, the overhead water tank needs to be cleaned twice every year, after improvement, the water outlet direction and the water tank are in the same direction, the water flow rate is 450 cubic meters per hour, the water flow sectional area is 0.88 square meters, the water flow speed is about 450 cubic meters per hour/0.88 square meters = 509.1 meters per hour, the slag deposited in the water tank is less, and the slag can be cleaned once in 1.5 years.
Referring to a graph a in fig. 3, the cross-sectional area before improvement=semicircular area+rectangular area= (3.14×50×50)/2+ (112-50) 100=10125 square cm=1.01 square meter.
Referring to b in fig. 3, the improved cross-sectional area=semicircular area+rectangular area= (3.14×50×50)/2+ (99-50) ×100=8825 square centimeters=0.88 square meters.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Examples
The embodiment is the smelting of HRB400E spiral steel, because the steel type has wide range of requirements for components, 0.20-0.25% of carbon, 0.20-0.35% of silicon, 1.20-1.40% of manganese, less than 0.045% of phosphorus and less than 0.045% of sulfur, is easy to control, has no special requirements when being matched with scrap steel, and generally adopts common scrap steel for reducing the cost.
The converter smelting adopts slag-retaining operation, the slag quantity is controlled to be 7 tons, the weight of the slag is 3 tons, the silicon content of molten iron is 0.570 percent, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1285 ℃. The distribution of the bottom argon blowing ports of the converter is modified, and referring to a diagram b in fig. 1, the method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of the converter is as follows:
molten iron + scrap=105 tons +25 tons, scrap uses common scrap, the scrap is filled up by weight, and then 2-2.5 tons of lime and 700 kg of dolomite are filled in the scrap hopper by a forklift. (lime contains calcium oxide, which is used for dephosphorizing but damages the furnace, dolomite is needed, magnesium oxide is contained in the lime to supplement the furnace, the slag is added in advance, the effect of slag making and dephosphorizing and furnace protection can be achieved, if the lime does not contain slag charge in the waste steel hopper in advance, the lime is added in the converter smelting process, a part of dust or small particles are pumped away by a primary dust removal system (primary dust removal inside and outside a converter hood) and finally the lime enters an overhead water tank, but the lime is filled in the waste steel hopper, and when the waste steel is added into the converter, light dust or small particles are pumped away by secondary dust removal (secondary dust removal outside the converter hood) and enter a cloth bag, so that the part of slag charge is added in the installed waste steel hopper, and the dust entering the overhead water tank can be reduced. But cannot be added too much, otherwise slag melting is affected, and smelting control is affected.
After adding scrap steel into a converter, adding molten iron, and completely submerging the scrap steel below the molten iron, or soaking the scrap steel into the molten iron, and after adding the molten iron, shaking the converter for +/-45 degrees for 2-4 times in front and back to fully moisten the scrap steel, and simultaneously opening bottom blowing argon or nitrogen with the flow of 60 cubic meters per hour to promote the melting of the scrap steel.
When the oxygen lance is ready for blowing and igniting, firstly, the lance position of the oxygen lance is lowered to 3.5 meters away from the surface of molten iron (the distance is the distance from the zero position to the lance tip of the oxygen lance, and the refractory materials are corroded in the smelting process of the converter, and then weak parts such as the front part, the rear part and the furnace bottom of the converter are complemented, so that the interior of the converter slowly becomes an irregular ellipse, the same molten iron amount is added in each period, the liquid level heights are different, namely, the heights of the zero positions are different, the heights of the lance positions of the oxygen lance are also different, the method for controlling the lance positions of the oxygen lance is to firstly measure the zero position, then measure the zero position according to the set point of the lance position, for example, after smelting 5-8 furnaces, the zero position of the converter is measured, then the next few furnaces are all positioned by the zero position), the oxygen valve is started to be started to fire, the ignition flow is set by looking at the pressure of the oxygen main pipe during ignition, the pressure required by the oxygen main pipe is controlled by the oxygen flow, the pressure during ignition is ensured to be 0.8-0.9 MPa, the pressure can be controlled within the range by setting the oxygen flow to 25000-28500 cubic meters/hour, the pressure of the oxygen main pipe is seen to be 1.8 MPa at the moment, the set flow is 26000 cubic meters/hour, the oxygen pressure in the oxygen gun can reach about 0.85 megapascals, the flow can be timely regulated on site according to the pressure, and the flow can be regulated to be smaller when the pressure is found to be larger.
After ignition, the flow rate is generally set to be gradually reduced from 26000 cubic meters per hour to 24500 cubic meters per hour by a method of reducing the oxygen flow rate, the flow rate is reduced by 300-400 cubic meters per hour each time, the interval is about 20 seconds, then the gun position is reduced, firstly, the gun position is reduced to be 2 meters away from the surface of molten iron, then, the gun position is reduced to be 1.9 meters and 1.8 meters … … until 1.4 meters, and the oxygen blowing pressure is reduced to be 0.7-0.72 megapascals after the gun position is reduced to be 1.4 meters, and then, the bottom blowing flow rate is reduced to be 35 cubic meters per hour, so that the surface of molten iron is completely tempered after the waste steel is obtained.
And adding the rest slag-making materials for slag-making smelting about 2-3 minutes after the start time of oxygen blowing, wherein the slag-making materials are lime 2 tons, dolomite 600 kg, and 3-4 batches of the slag-making materials are uniformly added, and the feeding interval is about 20-30 seconds. The gun position and the oxygen pressure are always controlled in the early stage and the middle stage of smelting (namely, the gun position is 1.4 m, the oxygen blowing pressure is 0.7-0.72 megapascal), the early stage is 0-250 seconds, the middle stage is 250-650 seconds, when the oxygen flow is regulated to 26300-26800 cubic meters per hour to the later stage of smelting, the pressure is increased to about 0.9 megapascal, the carbon is pulled down, the components are promoted to be uniform, then the components are sampled and seen, the carbon is 0.079%, the phosphorus is 0.016%, and other components are qualified, so that the smelting is finished after tapping.
In order to reduce the generation of smoke dust during smelting, part of slag is added in advance, and the heat balance is controlled and adjusted, so that the aim is to set proper iron-steel ratio, and other slag such as lime and dolomite are not needed to be added during smelting, and the slag is removed dust and pumped into an overhead water tank once during the maximum degree of adding. When the smelting is finished, the composition and the temperature of the molten steel are in the required range. Through practice, the silicon content of molten iron entering the furnace is 0.56% -0.59%, the temperature of molten iron is 1285-1305 ℃, and the temperature of 105 tons of molten iron and 25-26 tons of scrap steel is just surplus, namely, the cooled agglomerated pellets are not needed to be cooled, and the temperature cannot be raised due to insufficient later-stage supplementary blowing.
After the earlier stage smelting is finished, the generated flue gas is washed out from a gravity dehydrator and a washing tower in a dust removal system by a water leaching method, the gas is recovered after being filtered, the washed-out dust is discharged into an overhead water tank through a water outlet of the water tank, the water outlet pipe is designed to be a curve bent pipe with the highest speed, and the outlet section and the overhead water tank are parallel in a overlook angle. The outlet of the fastest curve elbow is designed as a Laval type, and finally, the water of the drain pipe is discharged into the overhead water tank from the Laval type outlet. The sewage which is washed after the smoke dust is condensed flows into the overhead water tank of the converter through the Laval water outlet on the fastest curve elbow.
Because the transportation of the overhead water tank is longer and the gradient is not large, taking the working procedure of the shao steel steelmaking as an example, the point discharged into the overhead water tank is taken as the starting point, the sewage tank has the length of 400 meters, the height drop is only 13 meters, the inclined angle of the water tank is acrtan (13/400) =0.03 DEG, the smoke emission is reduced by the method, the initial power of the water discharge is accelerated, the water flow speed in the water tank is improved, and the purpose of reducing slag accumulation of the overhead water tank is further achieved.
Comparative example 1: the difference from the embodiment is that the water outlet pipe is not modified or the original water outlet pipe is used.
As the smoke dust is less during smelting, the ferric oxide in the water inlet tank is less than the original ferric oxide, but the water flow speed is the same as the original ferric oxide, and the ferric oxide can be slowly precipitated, so that compared with the original ferric oxide, the ferric oxide needs to be cleaned once in 1 year.
Comparative example 2: the difference with the embodiment is that part of slag is not added in the scrap steel hopper, and the whole slag is added during smelting as before the tapping.
The generated smoke dust, slag particles and the like are as much as those before the attack, and the slag entering the water tank is too much, but the water flow speed is high, a part of the water can be taken away, and the precipitation is reduced, so that compared with the prior art, the water tank needs to be cleaned once in 9 months.
Comparative example 3: unlike the examples, after ignition, the oxygen pressure was not controlled at 0.7 to 0.72 MPa, but at 0.83 to 0.84 MPa or higher at the mid-stage before smelting.
The oxygen with large flow and large pressure is poured into the molten iron, the stirring and reaction speed is high, the method is beneficial to accelerating the melting of the scrap steel, but a large amount of thick smoke is generated, and slag accumulation in an overhead water tank is greatly increased, so that compared with the prior art, the method needs to be cleaned twice a year.
Comparative example 4: molten iron + scrap = 105 tons +25 tons, instead 110 tons +20 tons
The heat is rich, a large amount of cold bonded pellets are required to be cooled in the smelting process, and slag contains a large amount of dust and is pumped into a water tank. So compared with the prior art, the cleaning is needed twice a year.
Comparative example 5: molten iron + scrap = 105 tons +25 tons, 100 tons +30 tons instead
Because the heat of the molten iron is insufficient, a large amount of coke is required to be heated during smelting, and slag containing a large amount of dust can be pumped into a water tank. So compared with the prior art, the cleaning is needed twice a year.
Comparative example 6: the silicon content of molten iron is 0.55 percent, and is changed into 0.80 percent
Because the silicon content of molten iron is high, the lime dosage and alkalinity of the first embodiment are insufficient, and the smelting is needed by adopting a double slag (two slag production) method, namely, 1 ton of lime is firstly added when oxygen blowing is started until the oxygen blowing is finished for 250-300 seconds, the slag rich in silicon dioxide is poured off, then oxygen blowing is continued, slag is formed again, and 2.5 tons of lime and 500 kg of dolomite are added. Because more slag is added in the smelting process, compared with the prior art, the slag needs to be cleaned twice a year.
Comparative example 7: the silicon content of molten iron is 0.55 percent, and is changed into 0.25 percent
Because the silicon content of molten iron is low, the heat is insufficient, a large amount of coke is required to be heated during smelting, and slag contains a large amount of dust and can be pumped into a water tank. So compared with the prior art, the cleaning is needed twice a year.
Comparative example 8: the slag remaining amount is 3 tons, and slag is not poured, namely the slag of the steel in the upper furnace is completely left.
In addition, lime and dolomite are added in the scrap steel bucket, so that little or no slag can be added in the smelting process, and slag accumulation in the water tank is reduced. So compared with the prior art, the cleaning process needs to be carried out once in 1.5 years. However, because of the large slag quantity, the oxygen jet is difficult to penetrate through the slag layer and contact with molten iron during the open blowing ignition, so that the safety risk of ignition is caused; on the other hand, after the smelting of the steel in the furnace is finished, dephosphorization and desulfurization are carried out on the molten iron, so that the phosphorus content in slag is high, the dephosphorization of the steel in the furnace is influenced, and the high phosphorus content of the molten steel is easily caused; on the other hand, due to the large slag amount and the thick slag layer, the oxygen pressure of 0.70-0.72 megapascal is adopted, so that the slag layer is difficult to blow through and penetrate into molten iron, and the oxygen pressure of 0.85-0.90 is needed. So that too much slag is not suitable to be left in view of safety of smelting, difficulty of process operation, quality of molten steel and the like.
Comparative example 9: all the slag is not left, and then 8 tons of slag are filled in the waste steel hopper.
The method has the advantages of reducing slag charge or no slag charge in the smelting process, and reducing slag particles in the water tank. However, in reality, the volume of the scrap steel hopper is not large, even if a large amount of slag and scrap steel are added together, when molten iron is added, the phenomenon that the slag wraps the scrap steel can be definitely generated, and the slag is stuck to the bottom of the furnace, so that the scrap steel is difficult to melt, and the smelting operation is influenced; secondly, before the slag is melted or after molten iron is added, the furnace is rocked, only part or most of the slag can be wetted, the slag can sink in the molten iron relatively heavy to scrap steel, and the slag can float on the surface to influence the ignition of an oxygen lance. Therefore, the generation of smoke dust cannot be reduced, but a large amount of slag can be splashed back after ignition, so that more slag particles are led to the water tank. So compared with the prior art, the cleaning is needed three times a year.
Comparative example 10: after the scrap steel is filled, part of slag is filled into the scrap steel, and all slag is filled into the scrap steel
The advantage is when adding the steel scrap, the dust can be taken away by secondary dust removal, and the smelting process can add little or no slag charge, reduces the slag grain of smelting process and gets into the basin, compares originally, needs 1.5 years to clear up once. However, excessive slag is easy to cause the phenomenon that slag wraps scrap steel after molten iron is added, so that the scrap steel melting is influenced, the slag melting is also influenced, and further smelting control is influenced. In the past, the tests are also that slag can appear in reality to wrap scrap steel and adhere to furnace walls, sometimes the scrap steel cannot be melted until smelting is finished, and agglomerated lime affects dephosphorization efficiency in the smelting process, even when the smelting process is started, normal ignition is affected due to too thick slag, so the slag is not suitable for fully filling the scrap steel hopper, but only 50% -70% of slag is filled, 50% of slag is filled for steel with low phosphorus requirements, 60% -65% of slag is filled for high phosphorus requirements, and the rest is added in the smelting process.
In a word, the addition amount of the scrap steel is calculated according to the temperature and the components of molten iron, so that the scrap steel does not need to be heated or cooled, and the slag accumulation in the water tank is reduced.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing slag accumulation in an overhead water tank of a converter, comprising: adding scrap steel and a first part of slag-making material into a converter, adding molten iron to completely soak the scrap steel into the molten iron, simultaneously opening bottom blowing gas, igniting by using an oxygen gun to completely melt the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron, and adding a second part of slag-making material to perform smelting; and after smelting, discharging the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas into an overhead water tank through a fastest curve elbow.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the waste steel is fully soaked in molten iron, the furnace is rocked back and forth for 2-4 times by taking the angle right above a furnace mouth as 0 DEG and the rocking angle between plus and minus 45 DEG, meanwhile, bottom blowing nitrogen or argon is opened, the gas flow is set to 40-60 cubic meters/hour, the liquid level of the molten iron is rolled up, the surface of the waste steel is fully wetted, and then an oxygen gun is used for ignition to melt the waste steel on the surface of the molten iron.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the molten iron to the scrap is controlled as follows: 105 tons of molten iron: 25-26 tons of scrap steel, the silicon content in molten iron is 0.56-0.59 percent, and the temperature of the molten iron is 1285-1305 ℃ so as to meet the heat balance requirement of smelting.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for melting the scrap steel on the surface of the molten iron by using the oxygen lance ignition is as follows: measuring the molten iron zero position in the converter, when the lance position of the oxygen lance is reduced to be 3.5 m away from the surface of molten iron, starting to open an oxygen valve for ignition, setting the pressure of an oxygen main pipe to be 1.4-1.8 megapascals, setting the oxygen flow to be 25000-28500 cubic meters per hour, enabling the pressure during ignition to be 0.8-0.9 megapascals, reducing the oxygen flow to be 300-400 cubic meters per hour each time after ignition, reducing the lance interval to be 20-30 seconds, firstly reducing the oxygen flow to be 2 m away from the surface of molten iron from 3.5, then slowly reducing the oxygen flow to be 1.4 m away from the surface of molten iron, reducing the oxygen blowing pressure to be 0.7-0.72 megapascals, and then adjusting the bottom blowing flow to be 35-45 cubic meters per hour, so that the waste tempering of the surface of molten iron is finished.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein after the surface of molten iron is completely tempered, adding a second part of slag making material for slag making smelting, maintaining the lance position and oxygen blowing pressure in the early and middle stages of smelting, and increasing the oxygen flow to 26300-26800 cubic meters/hour to raise the pressure to 0.9-0.92 megapascal when the later stage of smelting, pulling down carbon while promoting uniform components, and tapping after the components are qualified, ending smelting.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the slag-reserving operation is adopted in the converter smelting, after the surface of molten iron is completely tempered and then the second part of slag-making material is added in batches, when the slag-reserving operation is not adopted, the second part of slag-making material is added in batches after the ignition by using an oxygen lance;
preferably, the converter smelting adopts slag-retaining operation, and the slag quantity is controlled between 2 tons and 3 tons.
7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein the first portion of slag making comprises 50-70% of the total amount of slag making, the second portion of slag making comprises 30-50% of the total amount of slag making, the slag making comprises at least one of lime, dolomite, fluorite, cold bonded pellets, and ore, and the total amount of slag making is 6.5-8.5 tons/120 tons of molten steel.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the distance from the argon port at the bottom of the converter to the center of the circle is reduced, so that the argon tends to be concentrated from the bottom of the converter to the air outlet on the surface of molten iron.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the fastest curve elbow is provided with a laval water outlet, and the sewage discharged by condensing the flue gas is discharged into the overhead water tank through the laval water outlet on the fastest curve elbow.
10. Root of Chinese characterThe method of claim 9, wherein the fastest curve elbow is provided with a laval outlet, the laval outlet direction corresponding to the water flow direction of the overhead water trough 。
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| US20140311295A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-10-23 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Converter steelmaking method |
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| CN114686643A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-01 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Composite slagging heat-compensating agent for smelting converter with large scrap steel ratio and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN115627622A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-20 | 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司 | Waterway system and clothes treatment equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140311295A1 (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2014-10-23 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Converter steelmaking method |
| CN216738425U (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-06-14 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Device for preventing deposition of sludge in semi-dry dedusting of steel converter |
| CN114229933A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-25 | 佛山市美的清湖净水设备有限公司 | Water purification unit and faucet thereof |
| CN114410878A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | Converter molten iron smelting method adopting large-particle limestone instead of full-amount lime for slagging |
| CN114686643A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-07-01 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Composite slagging heat-compensating agent for smelting converter with large scrap steel ratio and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN115627622A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-20 | 青岛海尔洗衣机有限公司 | Waterway system and clothes treatment equipment |
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