CN116333259A - Sound-absorbing polyurethane material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sound-absorbing polyurethane material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116333259A CN116333259A CN202111583107.XA CN202111583107A CN116333259A CN 116333259 A CN116333259 A CN 116333259A CN 202111583107 A CN202111583107 A CN 202111583107A CN 116333259 A CN116333259 A CN 116333259A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 16
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alcohol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012970 tertiary amine catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N loperamide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)N(C)C)CCN(CC1)CCC1(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCC(O)=O YUFFSWGQGVEMMI-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)CCl NDKGUMMLYBINOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012814 acoustic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
- C08G18/4841—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxyethylene end groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3271—Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3275—Hydroxyamines containing two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4072—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/63 with other macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/632—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6688—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3271
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sound-absorbing polyurethane material, a preparation method and application thereof, and mainly solves the problem of poor sound-absorbing and noise-reducing effects of polyurethane foam in the prior art, and the sound-absorbing polyurethane material is prepared by foaming a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 55-80 parts by weight of a component A, wherein the component A comprises: 20-40 parts of polyether polyol I, 30-50 parts of polyether polyol II, 5-10 parts of polymer polyol, 2-10 parts of chain extender and cross-linking agent in total, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-4 parts of water; the component B is modified MDI and the technical scheme of the preparation method thereof, better solves the problems, and can be applied to industrialization in the motor coating of the new energy automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to a sound-absorbing polyurethane material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent decades, the automobile industry in China keeps a high growing situation, the development of the automobile industry brings convenience to the life of the national people, simultaneously, three problems of resources, safety and environmental protection are generated, the sustainable development is challenged, a new energy automobile is an effective way and method for coping with the three problems, and an electric drive assembly is a core component of the new energy automobile, and because the electric drive assembly is easy to generate high-frequency electromagnetic noise and has a large number of wire harness systems of the electric automobile, the distribution area is wide, a large number of gaps or holes are needed to run, the difficulty for isolating the high-frequency noise is high, and various power control devices also generate higher-frequency noise to influence a human body.
There are three main methods for controlling noise in electric vehicles: reducing the intensity of a noise source, isolating the propagation path of the noise and silencing the sound field environment; polyurethane foam is a novel acoustic packaging material, has a damping sound absorption mechanism of a flexible material, also has a sound absorption mechanism of a porous material, has good sound absorption and insulation performance, is used as one of the porous acoustic materials, has complicated micro-spaces such as bubbles, air pore flow paths and the like, and can be converted into heat by air viscosity resistance of micropores, friction and vibration between the sound waves and the air pores when the sound waves enter the micropores, and meanwhile, can meet the requirement of light weight of an automobile; in the field of new energy automobiles, polyurethane materials for motor cladding members are required to have high mechanical properties, and typical strength performance requirements are: density of 45-80 kg/m 3 The polyurethane foam material with high strength, good sound absorption and low smell is developed for the new energy motor coating part, and has important practical and economic significance.
Chinese patent application CN112457463a discloses a low pollution polyurethane foam sound absorbing material and its preparation method, the components and mass fraction thereof are polyether polyol 100 parts, foam stabilizer 0.9-1.5 parts, catalyst 0.8-1.2 parts, foaming agent 2.0-4.0 parts, isocyanate 41-69 parts; the prepared polyurethane foam has good sound absorption performance and can effectively reduce the content of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in a vehicle, but the foam is soft foam for an automobile carpet, and has insufficient physical and mechanical strength and cannot be used in a motor coating part.
The Chinese patent application CN105693978A discloses a polyurethane composite acoustic packaging material and a preparation method thereof, and comprises, by mass, 60 parts of polyether polyol 330N, 40 parts of polyether polyol 3630, 35 parts of isocyanate modified MDI, 3 parts of foaming agent deionized water, 3 parts of foaming agent triethanolamine, 5 parts of foaming agent monofluorodichloroethane (HCFC-141 b), 0.04 part of catalyst A1, 1 part of catalyst A33, 0.9 part of foam stabilizer silicone oil, 2-8 parts of bamboo leaf fragments with the thickness of 1-2 mm or 2-8 parts of bamboo leaf fragments with the thickness of 2-3 mm or 2-8 parts of bamboo She Jiegan with the thickness of 3-4 mm, so that the problem that the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the traditional sound absorption material is poor is solved, but the average sound absorption coefficient is only 0.713, the sound absorption performance is further improved, the use of the foaming agent is easy to cause the increase of organic volatile content, and the smell is large.
The sound absorption performance is measured according to the 2 nd part of the national standard GB/T18696.2-2002 acoustic impedance tube for the sound absorption coefficient and the acoustic impedance: the sound absorption coefficient of the test material of the transfer function method is larger, and the sound absorption performance is better.
VDA270-2018 is a common odor test standard, and the odor evaluation uses a 6-level evaluation standard: level 1 indicates no smell, level 2 indicates smell but no disturbance, level 3 indicates obvious smell but no disturbance, level 4 indicates a disturbed smell, level 5 indicates a strongly disturbed smell, and level 6 indicates intolerance; the number of the persons participating in the odor evaluation is 3-5, the evaluation result can be described in a half-level mode, the average value is taken as a final odor grade result, and the lower the grade is, the smaller the odor is.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is the problem of poor sound absorption and noise reduction effects of polyurethane foam in the prior art, and the sound absorption polyurethane material has the advantages of high strength and good sound absorption and noise reduction effects.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the sound-absorbing polyurethane material corresponding to one of the technical problems.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an application of the sound-absorbing polyurethane material corresponding to one of the technical problems.
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the sound-absorbing polyurethane material is prepared by foaming a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 55-80 parts by weight of a component A, wherein the component A comprises: 20-40 parts of polyether polyol I, 30-50 parts of polyether polyol II, 5-10 parts of polymer polyol, 2-10 parts of total amount of chain extender and cross-linking agent, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of surfactant, 2-4 parts of water and 1-5 parts of pore-forming agent; the component B is modified MDI; the polyether polyol I takes at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, is copolymerized by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, is capped by ethylene oxide, has a hydroxyl value of 25-30 mgKOH/g and has a viscosity of 800-1500 mpa.s at 25 ℃; the polyether polyol II is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by taking at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, and is terminated by ethylene oxide, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol II is 33-40 mgKOH/g, and the viscosity of the polyether polyol II at 25 ℃ is 800-1500 mpa.s; the polymer polyol is a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer based on ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether triol, the hydroxyl value of the polymer polyol is 20-30 mgKOH/g, and the solid content of the polymer polyol is 25-50%; the chain extender is a small molecular alcohol compound containing 2 functional groups; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds or alcohol amine compounds with the functionality of 3-4; the catalyst is a reactive tertiary amine catalyst; the surfactant is polysiloxane-alkylene oxide block copolymer; the pore opening agent is a polyether pore opening agent copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with the hydroxyl value of 30-35 mgKOH/g.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the chain extender is at least one selected from diethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol; the cross-linking agent is at least one selected from glycerol, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the reactive tertiary amine catalyst is a gel catalyst, and is at least one selected from DPA, Z-130, polycat15 and ZR-50.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the surfactant is at least one selected from B8715, B8745, B8742, B8736, L-3627 and L-3628.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the pore opening agent is at least one selected from CHK-350D and FK-8300.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the modified MDI is at least one selected from Desmodur 3133 and supra dec 2412.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the sound-absorbing polyurethane material comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 55-80 parts by weight of a component A, wherein the component A comprises: 20-40 parts of polyether polyol I, 30-50 parts of polyether polyol II, 5-10 parts of polymer polyol, 2-10 parts of total amount of chain extender and cross-linking agent, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-4 parts of water; wherein the polyether polyol I takes at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, is copolymerized by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, is capped by ethylene oxide, has a hydroxyl value of 25-30 mgKOH/g and has a viscosity of 800-1500 mpa.s at 25 ℃; the polyether polyol II is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by taking at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, and is terminated by ethylene oxide, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol II is 33-40 mgKOH/g, and the viscosity of the polyether polyol II at 25 ℃ is 800-1500 mpa.s; the polymer polyol is a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer based on ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether triol, the hydroxyl value of the polymer polyol is 20-30 mgKOH/g, and the solid content of the polymer polyol is 25-50%; the chain extender is a small molecular alcohol compound containing 2 functional groups; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds or alcohol amine compounds with the functionality of 3-4; the catalyst is a reactive tertiary amine catalyst; the surfactant is polysiloxane-alkylene oxide block copolymer; the pore opening agent is a polyether pore opening agent copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with the hydroxyl value of 30-35 mgKOH/g; the component B is modified MDI;
(2) Preparing a component A:
according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), sequentially adding polyether polyol I, polyether polyol II, polymer polyol, a catalyst, a chain extender, a cross-linking agent, a surfactant, a pore opening agent and water into a container A, and uniformly stirring at 20-25 ℃ to obtain a material I;
(3) Preparing a component B:
according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), adding modified MDI into a container B, and storing at 20-25 ℃ for standby to obtain a material II;
(4) Pumping the materials I and II into a material tank A and a material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation respectively; setting a high-pressure machine to obtain a material I and a material II in a weight ratio of 100: 55-80, mixing and stirring the materials I and II at high speed by a high-pressure machine, quickly injecting the materials I and II into a prepared closed mold, setting the mold temperature at 50-65 ℃, closing the mold after the material injection is completed, curing for 3-6 min, opening the mold, and taking out a sample piece to obtain the sound-absorbing polyurethane material product.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the chain extender is at least one selected from diethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol; the cross-linking agent is at least one of glycerol, diethanolamine or triethanolamine; the reactive tertiary amine catalyst is a gel catalyst and is selected from at least one of DPA, Z-130, polycat15 or ZR-50; the surfactant is at least one selected from B8715, B8745, B8742, B8736, L-3627 or L-3628; the pore opening agent is at least one of CHK-350D or FK-8300; the modified MDI is at least one of Desmodur 3133 or Suprasec 2412.
In order to solve the third technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the prepared sound-absorbing polyurethane material is used for a new energy automobile motor coating.
The sound-absorbing polyurethane material is prepared by selecting proper polyether polyol, polymer polyol, chain extender, cross-linking agent, low-odor reaction catalyst, modified MDI, surfactant, pore-forming agent and the like to perform synergistic cooperation, so that the prepared polyurethane material is kept excellentOn the basis of different physical and mechanical properties (strength performance requirement of polyurethane material of motor coating piece: density 45-80 kg/m) 3 The tensile strength is more than 120kPa, the tearing strength is more than 2N/cm, and the 40% compression strength is 6-15 kPa), the high-frequency-band sound absorption coating has excellent sound absorption performance, the high-frequency-band sound absorption coefficient is as high as 0.93, the high-frequency-band sound absorption coating can be used on a new energy motor coating, has good effects of shock absorption, noise resistance and sound absorption, and meanwhile, the odor grade is obviously reduced, and is at least reduced by 0.5 grade compared with the common material; therefore, the sound-absorbing polyurethane material has the advantages of good sound absorption, noise reduction and low odor, and achieves good technical effects.
The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
Detailed Description
TABLE 1 bill of materials
[ example 1 ]
The preparation method of the sound-absorbing polyurethane material comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
component A:100 parts of polyether polyol PPG-A30 parts, polyether polyol PPG-C50 parts, polymer polyol POP-F10 parts, diethylene glycol 1 part and diethanolamine 2 parts, a gel catalyst DPA 1.5 parts, a total of 1.2 parts of surfactants B8715 and B8742, a pore opening agent CHK-350D 1 part and water 3.3 parts;
component B: 3133 65 parts of Desmodur;
(2) Preparing a component A:
according to the weight portion in the step (1), PPG-A, POP-F, diglycol, diethanolamine, DPA, B8715, B8742, CHK-350D and water are sequentially added into a container A, and finally PPG-C is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly at the temperature of 23 ℃ to obtain a material I;
(3) Preparing a component B:
adding Desmodur 3133 into a container B according to the weight part in the step (1), and storing at the temperature of 23 ℃ for standby to obtain a material II;
(4) Pumping the materials I and II into a material tank A and a material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation respectively; setting a high-pressure machine to obtain a material I and a material II in a weight ratio of 100:65, after the materials I and II are mixed and stirred at high speed by a high-pressure machine, the materials I and II are quickly injected into a prepared closed mold, the mold temperature is set to 55 ℃, after the material injection is finished, the mold is closed and cured for 5min, a mold is opened, a sample piece is taken out, the sound-absorbing polyurethane material is obtained, and after slicing, the physical property test is carried out, wherein the performance index data are shown in Table 3.
Examples 2 to 10
Examples 2 to 10 were carried out according to the steps of example 1, except that the reaction materials and the ratios of the materials in the foaming formulation were different, and the specific examples are shown in Table 2; the performance index data of the prepared sound-absorbing polyurethane material are shown in table 3.
Table 2 examples 1 to 10 parts by weight of each component in the formulation of the sound absorbing polyurethane material
[ comparative example 1 ]
A preparation method of a polyurethane material comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
component A:100 parts of polyether polyol PPG-D75 parts, polymer polyol POP-F10 parts, diethylene glycol 8 parts, dabco 33LV and Niax A-1 together 1.2 parts, surfactant B8715 and surfactant B8742 together 1.5 parts, pore-forming agent CHK-350D 1 parts and water 3.3 parts;
component B:50 parts of TDI-80;
(2) Preparing a component A:
according to the weight portion in the step (1), PPG-D, POP-F, dabco LV, niax A-1, B8715, B8742, CHK-350D and water are sequentially added into a container A, diethylene glycol is finally added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred at the temperature of 23 ℃ to obtain a material I;
(3) Preparing a component B:
adding TDI-80 into a container B according to the weight part in the step (1), and storing at 23 ℃ for standby to obtain a material II;
(4) Pumping the materials I and II into a material tank A and a material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation respectively; setting a high-pressure machine to obtain a material I and a material II in a weight ratio of 100:50, after mixing and stirring materials I and II at high speed by a high-pressure machine, rapidly injecting the materials I and II into a prepared closed mold, setting the mold temperature at 55 ℃, closing the mold and curing for 3.5min after the material injection is completed, opening the mold, taking out a sample piece to obtain a polyurethane material, and carrying out physical property test after slicing, wherein the performance index data are shown in Table 3.
[ comparative example 2 ]
A preparation method of a polyurethane material comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
component A:100 parts of polyether polyol PPG-D80 parts, polymer polyol POP-F5 parts, 1, 4-butanediol 7 parts, 1.5 parts of Dabco 33LV and Niax A-1, 1.2 parts of surfactants B8715 and B8742, 2 parts of pore opening agent CHK-350D and 3.3 parts of water;
component B:65 parts of M20S and MIPS in a weight ratio of 1:1, mixing;
(2) Preparing a component A:
according to the weight portion in the step (1), PPG-D, POP-F, dabco LV, niax A-1, B8715, B8742, CHK-350D and water are sequentially added into a container A, and finally 1, 4-butanediol is added, and the mixture is stirred uniformly at the temperature of 23 ℃ to obtain a material I;
(3) Preparing a component B:
according to the weight part in the step (1), adding a mixture of M20S and MIPS according to a certain proportion into a container B, and uniformly stirring at the temperature of 23 ℃ to obtain a material II;
(4) Pumping the materials I and II into a material tank A and a material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation respectively; setting a high-pressure machine to obtain a material I and a material II in a weight ratio of 100:65, after the materials I and II are mixed and stirred at high speed by a high-pressure machine, the materials I and II are quickly injected into a prepared closed mold, the mold temperature is set to 55 ℃, after the material injection is finished, the mold is closed and cured for 4.5min, a mold is opened, a sample piece is taken out, a polyurethane material is obtained, and after slicing, physical property testing is carried out, wherein the performance index data are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 data for detecting properties of polyurethane materials of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the basic physical properties of the examples 1 to 10, such as density, tensile strength, tear strength, 40% compression strength, etc., are slightly better or equivalent than those of the comparative examples 1 to 2, and the mechanical strength requirements (density 45 to 80 kg/m) of the new energy automobile motor coating on the polyurethane material can be satisfied 3 Tensile strength of 120kPa or more, tear strength of 2N/cm or more, 40% compression strength of 6-15 kPa); however, the sound absorption coefficients of examples 1 to 10 are obviously higher, especially the sound absorption coefficient of 2000Hz is up to 0.75, the sound absorption coefficient of 4000Hz is up to 0.93, and the sound absorption performance of the high frequency band is better; and the odor grades are below 3.5, so that the odor is lower.
Therefore, compared with the common polyurethane material, the sound-absorbing polyurethane material provided by the invention has higher sound absorption coefficient, can absorb and consume motor noise energy with high probability, has excellent sound absorption and noise reduction performances, has the advantage of low odor, achieves good technical effect, and can be used in industrial application of motor cladding parts of new energy automobiles.
Claims (9)
1. The sound-absorbing polyurethane material is prepared by foaming a component A and a component B, wherein the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 55-80 parts by weight of a component A, wherein the component A comprises: 20-40 parts of polyether polyol I, 30-50 parts of polyether polyol II, 5-10 parts of polymer polyol, 2-10 parts of total amount of chain extender and cross-linking agent, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-4 parts of water; the component B is modified MDI; wherein,,
the polyether polyol I takes at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, is copolymerized by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, is capped by ethylene oxide, has a hydroxyl value of 25-30 mgKOH/g and has a viscosity of 800-1500 mpa.s at 25 ℃;
the polyether polyol II is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by taking at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, and is terminated by ethylene oxide, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol II is 33-40 mgKOH/g, and the viscosity of the polyether polyol II at 25 ℃ is 800-1500 mpa.s;
the polymer polyol is a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer based on ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether triol, the hydroxyl value of the polymer polyol is 20-30 mgKOH/g, and the solid content of the polymer polyol is 25-50%;
the chain extender is a small molecular alcohol compound containing 2 functional groups; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds or alcohol amine compounds with the functionality of 3-4;
the catalyst is a reactive tertiary amine catalyst; the surfactant is polysiloxane-alkylene oxide block copolymer;
the pore opening agent is a polyether pore opening agent of propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymerization with a hydroxyl value of 30-35 mgKOH/g.
2. The sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, wherein the chain extender is selected from at least one of diethylene glycol or 1, 4-butanediol; the cross-linking agent is at least one selected from glycerol, diethanolamine or triethanolamine.
3. The sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, wherein the reactive tertiary amine catalyst is a gel catalyst selected from at least one of DPA, Z-130, polycyat 15, or ZR-50.
4. The sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of B8715, B8745, B8742, B8736, L-3627 and L-3628.
5. The sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, wherein the pore former is selected from at least one of CHK-350D or FK-8300.
6. The sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, wherein the modified MDI is selected from at least one of Desmodur 3133 or supra dec 2412.
7. A method for preparing the sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The preparation method comprises the following steps of:
the weight part ratio of the component A to the component B is 100: 55-80 parts by weight of a component A, wherein the component A comprises: 20-40 parts of polyether polyol I, 30-50 parts of polyether polyol II, 5-10 parts of polymer polyol, 2-10 parts of total amount of chain extender and cross-linking agent, 1-2 parts of catalyst, 0.5-1.5 parts of surfactant, 1-5 parts of pore-forming agent and 2-4 parts of water; wherein the polyether polyol I takes at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, is copolymerized by ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, is capped by ethylene oxide, has a hydroxyl value of 25-30 mgKOH/g and has a viscosity of 800-1500 mpa.s at 25 ℃; the polyether polyol II is prepared by copolymerizing ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by taking at least one of glycerol or trimethylolpropane as an initiator, and is terminated by ethylene oxide, the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol II is 33-40 mgKOH/g, and the viscosity of the polyether polyol II at 25 ℃ is 800-1500 mpa.s; the polymer polyol is a styrene-acrylonitrile graft polymer based on ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolyether triol, the hydroxyl value of the polymer polyol is 20-30 mgKOH/g, and the solid content of the polymer polyol is 25-50%; the chain extender is a small molecular alcohol compound containing 2 functional groups; the cross-linking agent is selected from at least one of alcohol compounds or alcohol amine compounds with the functionality of 3-4; the catalyst is a reactive tertiary amine catalyst; the surfactant is polysiloxane-alkylene oxide block copolymer; the pore opening agent is a polyether pore opening agent copolymerized by propylene oxide and ethylene oxide with the hydroxyl value of 30-35 mgKOH/g; the component B is modified MDI;
(2) Preparing a component A:
according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), sequentially adding polyether polyol I, polyether polyol II, polymer polyol, a catalyst, a chain extender, a cross-linking agent, a surfactant, a pore opening agent and water into a container A, and uniformly stirring at 20-25 ℃ to obtain a material I;
(3) Preparing a component B:
according to the components and parts by weight in the step (1), adding modified MDI into a container B, and storing at 20-25 ℃ for standby to obtain a material II;
(4) Pumping the materials I and II into a material tank A and a material tank B respectively, and starting high-pressure circulation respectively; setting a high-pressure machine to obtain a material I and a material II in a weight ratio of 100: 55-80, mixing and stirring the materials I and II at high speed by a high-pressure machine, quickly injecting the materials I and II into a prepared closed mold, setting the mold temperature at 50-65 ℃, closing the mold after the material injection is completed, curing for 3-6 min, opening the mold, and taking out a sample piece to obtain the sound-absorbing polyurethane material product.
8. The method for producing a sound-absorbing polyurethane material according to claim 7, wherein the chain extender is at least one selected from diethylene glycol and 1, 4-butanediol; the cross-linking agent is at least one of glycerol, diethanolamine or triethanolamine; the reactive tertiary amine catalyst is a gel catalyst and is selected from at least one of DPA, Z-130, polycat15 or ZR-50; the surfactant is at least one selected from B8715, B8745, B8742, B8736, L-3627 or L-3628; the pore opening agent is at least one of CHK-350D or FK-8300; the modified MDI is at least one of Desmodur 3133 or Suprasec 2412.
9. The use of the sound absorbing polyurethane material of claim 1 in a new energy automobile motor cover.
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