CN116332668A - Method for preparing silicon carbide foam material by low-temperature sintering - Google Patents
Method for preparing silicon carbide foam material by low-temperature sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN116332668A CN116332668A CN202211556163.9A CN202211556163A CN116332668A CN 116332668 A CN116332668 A CN 116332668A CN 202211556163 A CN202211556163 A CN 202211556163A CN 116332668 A CN116332668 A CN 116332668A
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- silicon carbide
- ceramic
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- polyurethane foam
- sintering
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009766 low-temperature sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a silicon carbide foam ceramic material by low-temperature sintering, which comprises the following steps: mixing silicon carbide micropowder, silicon dioxide micropowder and phosphoric acid powder, heating to 200 ℃ in a crucible, cooling to room temperature, adding polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, treating to obtain ceramic slurry, soaking a polyurethane foam template in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, and immersing in the ceramic slurry; and then drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank, processing the ceramic blank to obtain a ceramic pre-sintered body, mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, processing to obtain a silicon carbide micro powder suspension, immersing the ceramic pre-sintered body into the silicon carbide micro powder suspension, keeping the nitrogen environment for 2 hours, taking out the ceramic pre-sintered body, pre-sintering at 200 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a cured product, and sintering the cured product at 800-850 ℃ to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic skeleton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-technology foamed ceramic production, in particular to a method for preparing a silicon carbide foamed ceramic aluminum-based composite material by sintering a silicon carbide foamed material at a low temperature and compositing the silicon carbide foamed material with an aluminum alloy.
Background
The silicon carbide foam ceramic material is a novel material with a three-dimensional network framework structure. As a porous foam ceramic material, the silicon carbide foam ceramic has high strength, low cost, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life and good wear resistance. The silicon carbide foam ceramic material has the advantages of uniform pore distribution, mutually communicated micropores, low density, high porosity, large specific surface area, low heat conductivity and the like. In addition, the manufacturing process of the foamed ceramic is simple, and the foamed ceramic product suitable for different purposes can be manufactured by selecting different materials and controlling the processing process. In recent years, silicon carbide foam ceramic materials have been widely used in the fields of heat insulating materials, sound insulating materials, filter materials, automobile exhaust gas treatment, electronics, medical materials, and biocatalysis. The invention aims to improve the strength and frictional wear performance of the material by compounding the silicon carbide foam ceramic material with the aluminum alloy, and is applied to automobile brake disc materials.
Although significant advances have been made in the preparation of silicon carbide ceramic foams, the technology for sintering at low temperatures to produce silicon carbide ceramic foams is not yet mature. The silicon carbide foam ceramic material is difficult to sinter and form at low temperature, and even if a sintering aid is added, the required sintering temperature is more than 1400 ℃ and the energy consumption is high. The invention uses silicon-based phosphate as binder, and can be used for firing silicon carbide foam ceramics at 800-850 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a silicon carbide foam material by sintering at low temperature, and the silicon carbide foam material is compounded with aluminum alloy by a powder heating method, so that the strength and frictional wear performance of the material are improved, and the silicon carbide foam material is applied to automobile brake disc materials, and solves the problems in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing silicon carbide foam material by sintering at low temperature comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the steps of taking polyurethane sponge as a foam ceramic template, and heating 70-75 parts of silicon carbide micro powder, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide and 17-20 parts of phosphoric acid in a crucible at 200 ℃ for 2 hours to generate the adhesive silicon-based phosphate. And cooling the heated powder to room temperature, adding 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-2 parts of silica sol, 1-2 parts of polyacrylamide and 1-2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose into the mixture according to the total mass parts of the slurry, stirring the mixture uniformly, performing ball milling treatment, and finally adding n-butanol into the mixture to obtain the ceramic slurry.
Soaking the polyurethane foam template in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, immersing the polyurethane foam template in ceramic slurry, then taking out the polyurethane foam template and extruding the polyurethane foam template to discharge excessive ceramic slurry; and drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank.
The aperture ratio of the polyurethane sponge is more than 99%, and the aperture is 0.5mm-3mm.
And mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain silicon carbide micro powder suspension, immersing the obtained ceramic blank body into the obtained silicon carbide micro powder suspension, maintaining the suspension in a vacuum environment for 65-75 min, taking out the ceramic presintered body, drying the ceramic presintered body at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 h, and carrying out surface cross-linking curing reaction to obtain a cured product.
And (3) placing the cured product into a box furnace, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 1-1.5 ℃/min at the temperature of 25-600 ℃, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 3-5 ℃/min at the temperature of 600-800 ℃, preserving the heat for 65-70 min at the temperature of 800-850 ℃ and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic material.
The inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen, argon or helium.
Placing the aluminum alloy in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, controlling the heating rate to be 8-10 ℃/min under the vacuum condition, preserving heat for 55-65 min at the temperature of 700-750 ℃, then injecting the aluminum alloy into the silicon carbide foam ceramic framework, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic aluminum-based composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the silicon carbide foam ceramic material is difficult to sinter and form at low temperature, and the required sintering temperature is more than 1400 ℃. The silicon-based phosphate is used as a binder, and the silicon carbide foamed ceramic can be sintered at 800-850 ℃;
2. the silicon carbide foam ceramic material is generally applied to the fields of heat insulation, sound insulation, filtration catalysis, electronic packaging and biochemistry, and is intended to be compounded with an aluminum alloy material to improve the friction and wear performance of the aluminum alloy material, and is applied to an automobile brake disc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a silicon carbide foam ceramic.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the product.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a silicon carbide foamed ceramic aluminum matrix composite.
Detailed Description
For ease of understanding by those skilled in the art, the invention will be further described with reference to examples,
example 1
The preparation method of the low-temperature sintered silicon carbide foam ceramic provided by the example comprises the following steps: (1) Uniformly stirring silicon carbide micro powder, polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol, polyacrylamide, silicon dioxide, phosphoric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, performing ball milling treatment, and finally adding n-butanol to obtain ceramic slurry; (2) Soaking a 10PPI polyurethane foam template in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, immersing the obtained ceramic slurry, then taking out the polyurethane foam template and extruding the polyurethane foam template to discharge excessive ceramic slurry; drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank; performing presintering treatment on the obtained ceramic blank to obtain a ceramic presintered body; mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a silicon carbide micro powder suspension; (3) Immersing the obtained ceramic presintered body into the obtained silicon carbide micro powder suspension, maintaining the suspension in a vacuum environment for 65-75 min, taking out the ceramic presintered body, drying the ceramic presintered body at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 h, and carrying out surface cross-linking curing reaction to obtain a cured product; and sintering the obtained solidified product to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic, as shown in figure 1. (4) Melting the A319 aluminum alloy in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, injecting into the silicon carbide foam ceramic skeleton, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 8-10 ℃/min under the vacuum condition, preserving heat for 55-65 min at 700-750 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic aluminum-based composite material, as shown in figure 3.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly stirring silicon carbide micro powder, polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol, polyacrylamide, silicon dioxide, phosphoric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, performing ball milling treatment, and finally adding n-butanol to obtain ceramic slurry; (2) Soaking a polyurethane foam template of 15PPI in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, immersing the obtained ceramic slurry, then taking out the polyurethane foam template and extruding the polyurethane foam template to discharge excessive ceramic slurry; drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank; performing presintering treatment on the obtained ceramic blank to obtain a ceramic presintered body; mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a silicon carbide micro powder suspension; (3) Immersing the obtained ceramic presintered body into the obtained silicon carbide micro powder suspension, maintaining the suspension in a vacuum environment for 65-75 min, taking out the ceramic presintered body, drying the ceramic presintered body at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 h, and carrying out surface cross-linking curing reaction to obtain a cured product; and sintering the obtained solidified product to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic. (4) Melting the A319 aluminum alloy in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, injecting into the silicon carbide foam ceramic skeleton, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 8-10 ℃/min under the vacuum condition, preserving heat for 55-65 min at 700-750 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic aluminum-based composite material.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly stirring silicon carbide micro powder, polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol, polyacrylamide, silicon dioxide, phosphoric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, performing ball milling treatment, and finally adding n-butanol to obtain ceramic slurry; (2) Soaking a polyurethane foam template with 20PPI in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, immersing the obtained ceramic slurry, then taking out the polyurethane foam template and extruding the polyurethane foam template to discharge excessive ceramic slurry; drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank; performing presintering treatment on the obtained ceramic blank to obtain a ceramic presintered body; mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to obtain a silicon carbide micro powder suspension; (3) Immersing the obtained ceramic presintered body into the obtained silicon carbide micro powder suspension, maintaining the suspension in a vacuum environment for 65-75 min, taking out the ceramic presintered body, drying the ceramic presintered body at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 h, and carrying out surface cross-linking curing reaction to obtain a cured product; and sintering the obtained solidified product to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic. (4) Melting the A319 aluminum alloy in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, injecting into the silicon carbide foam ceramic skeleton, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 8-10 ℃/min under the vacuum condition, preserving heat for 55-65 min at 700-750 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic aluminum-based composite material.
Claims (11)
1. A method for preparing silicon carbide foam material by low-temperature sintering, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly stirring silicon carbide micro powder, polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol, polyacrylamide, silicon dioxide, phosphoric acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, performing ball milling treatment, and finally adding n-butanol to obtain ceramic slurry;
s2, soaking the polyurethane foam template in 15% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 hours, immersing the polyurethane foam template in the ceramic slurry obtained in the step S1, then taking out the polyurethane foam template, and extruding the polyurethane foam template to discharge excessive ceramic slurry; drying the polyurethane foam template to obtain a ceramic blank;
s3, performing presintering treatment on the ceramic blank obtained in the step S2 to obtain a ceramic presintering body;
s4, mixing divinylbenzene, a free radical initiator and silicon carbide micro powder, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a silicon carbide micro powder suspension;
s5, immersing the ceramic presintered body obtained in the step S3 into the silicon carbide micro powder suspension obtained in the step S4, maintaining the suspension in a vacuum environment for 65-75 min, taking out the ceramic presintered body, drying the ceramic presintered body at 100-120 ℃ for 2-3 h, and carrying out surface cross-linking curing reaction to obtain a cured product;
s6, sintering the cured product obtained in the step S5 to obtain silicon carbide foam ceramic;
s7, pouring the aluminum alloy powder into the silicon carbide foam ceramic skeleton obtained in the step S6, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 3-5 ℃/min under the pressure of 0.5MPa, preserving heat for 55-65 min at the temperature of 660-690 ℃, and naturally cooling to obtain the silicon carbide foam ceramic aluminum-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the silicon carbide micro powder to the silicon dioxide to the phosphoric acid to the water is 1-1.5: 0.04 to 0.06:0.1:1.
3. the method for preparing silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol, silica sol, polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to the ceramic slurry is 0.3-0.5%, 6-7%, 0.1-0.2% and 0.5-0.6%, respectively.
4. The method for preparing silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the step of preprocessing the polyurethane foam template is specifically as follows: cleaning and drying a polyurethane foam template, and then placing the polyurethane foam template in a sodium hydroxide solution to be treated for 2-3 hours under the water bath condition of 60-70 ℃ for roughening treatment; after cleaning again, placing the polyurethane foam template into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, and performing hydrophilic modification under the water bath condition of 60-70 ℃ for 6-8 hours; and finally, drying the polyurethane foam template.
5. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic foam according to claim 1, wherein the pre-sintering treatment comprises the steps of: controlling the temperature rising rate to be 1-5 ℃/min in the temperature range of 25-600 ℃, controlling the temperature rising rate to be 3-5 ℃/min in the temperature range of 600-800 ℃, preserving heat for 65-70 min at 800-850 ℃ and naturally cooling to obtain the foam ceramic presintered body.
6. The method for preparing silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature is 800-850 ℃, the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 2-3 h, and the sintering atmosphere is vacuum or inert gas atmosphere.
7. The method for preparing silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein the silicon carbide powder is silicon carbide micro powder, and is formed by mixing silicon carbide powder with large particle size and silicon carbide powder with small particle size according to a mass ratio of 4:1; the particle size of the large-particle-size silicon carbide powder is 20-40 microns, and the particle size of the small-particle-size silicon carbide powder is 2-4 microns.
8. The method for producing a silicon carbide ceramic foam according to claim 1, wherein the silica powder is a fine silica powder having a particle diameter of 2 to 4 μm.
9. The method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic foam according to claim 1, wherein the sintering agent is a silicon-based phosphate.
10. The method for preparing the silicon carbide foam ceramic according to claim 1, wherein after melting the aluminum alloy, gravity is injected into the silicon carbide foam ceramic framework, and the temperature is controlled to be 8-10 ℃/min under vacuum, and the temperature is naturally lowered after the heat is preserved for 55-65 min at 700-750 ℃.
11. A silicon carbide foamed ceramic aluminium matrix composite prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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