CN116332593A - 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116332593A CN116332593A CN202310172114.3A CN202310172114A CN116332593A CN 116332593 A CN116332593 A CN 116332593A CN 202310172114 A CN202310172114 A CN 202310172114A CN 116332593 A CN116332593 A CN 116332593A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
- C04B2111/805—Transparent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
Abstract
According to the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure and the preparation method thereof, the proportion of mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the time requirement of laying a light guide layer is met, and meanwhile, the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good forming quality and better mechanical property, so that the stacked 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good light transmittance and stronger mechanical property. And moreover, the proportion of mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the 3D printing equipment can be directly used for printing and forming the translucent concrete, the translucent concrete is not required to be manufactured through a template, the manufacturing cost of the template is saved, the manpower and time consumption in the manufacturing process of the translucent concrete are reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the translucent concrete can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The light-transmitting concrete combines the bearing capacity of cement mortar and the light-transmitting property of the light-guiding material, and has certain aesthetic value, so that the light-transmitting concrete is popularized and applied in the field of building decorative materials. However, the conventional process for manufacturing the light-transmitting concrete is complex, a large amount of manpower and templates are required to be consumed, the manufacturing difficulty and consumable materials of the light-transmitting concrete are inevitably increased, the light-transmitting concrete manufactured through the templates is difficult to form and low in speed, and in addition, the problem that the mechanical property and the optical property of the light-transmitting concrete are difficult to be compatible is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, one of the purposes of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure, so as to solve the problems that the light-transmitting concrete manufactured by the template in the prior art has complex process, needs to consume a large amount of manpower and templates, and inevitably increases the manufacturing difficulty and consumables of the light-transmitting concrete.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: provided is a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure, comprising:
at least one light guiding layer; and
the mortar comprises at least two mortar layers, wherein the mortar layers are prepared from 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose according to the weight part ratio;
the light guide layer is formed by paving a plurality of light guide fibers, the mortar layer is formed by printing through 3D printing equipment, and the light guide layer is formed between two adjacent mortar layers so as to form a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure in stacked arrangement.
Preferably, the sand is river sand having a particle diameter of 1.18mm or less, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the cement is (0.9 to 1.1): 1.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, and the mass ratio of the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent to the cement is (0.0008 to 0.001): 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the cement is (0.0006 to 0.0008): 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the cement is (0.0012 to 0.0014): 1.
Preferably, the diameter of the light guide fiber is 0.5-2.5 mm
Compared with the prior art, the one or more technical schemes in the embodiment of the invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, and the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good forming quality and better mechanical property while meeting the time requirement of paving a light guide layer, so that the stacked and formed 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good light transmission and stronger mechanical property. And moreover, the proportion of mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the 3D printing equipment can be directly used for printing and forming the translucent concrete, the translucent concrete is not required to be manufactured through a template, the manufacturing cost of the template is saved, the manpower and time consumption in the manufacturing process of the translucent concrete are reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the translucent concrete can be improved.
Based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, a second object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a 3D printed light-transmitting concrete structure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure comprises the following steps:
step S01: weighing 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose according to the raw materials and the proportion adopted by the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure according to any one of claims 1-6;
step S02: pouring the raw materials in the step S01 into a mortar stirrer for stirring until the raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtaining mortar which can be printed by 3D printing equipment;
step S03: conveying the mortar in the step S02 to 3D printing equipment, printing a first mortar layer according to the set printing parameters, and taking the first mortar layer as a matrix layer;
step S04: paving a light guide layer on the first mortar layer in the step S03;
step S05: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S04 according to the set printing parameters;
step S06: paving a light guide layer on the second mortar layer in the step S05;
step S07: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S06 according to the set printing parameters;
step S08: and (3) repeating the steps S05, S06 and S07 for a plurality of times to obtain the 3D printing translucent concrete structure formed by printing.
Preferably, the preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure further comprises a light-transmitting concrete curing step, wherein the light-transmitting concrete curing step comprises the step of curing the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure in the step S08 in an environment with the temperature of 20+/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95% for 28 days.
Preferably, the preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure further comprises a light-transmitting concrete cutting and polishing step, wherein the light-transmitting concrete cutting and polishing step comprises cutting and polishing the cured light-transmitting concrete according to a preset size to obtain the light-transmitting concrete.
Preferably, the horizontal moving speed of the spray head of the 3D printing equipment is 40-60 mm/s, and the extrusion speed of the spray head of the 3D printing equipment is 0.8-1.2 r/s.
Compared with the prior art, the one or more technical schemes in the embodiment of the invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the raw materials of the mortar is reasonably adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the time requirement of laying a light guide layer is met, and the light-transmitting performance and the automatic manufacturing degree of the concrete are improved. In addition, the preparation method ensures that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment by adjusting the proportion of mortar raw materials, can directly print and form the translucent concrete through the 3D printing equipment, has good forming quality and keeps better mechanical property, so that the 3D printing translucent concrete structure formed by stacking has good light transmittance and stronger mechanical property, does not need to manufacture translucent concrete through a template, saves the manufacturing cost of the template, reduces the manpower and time consumption in the manufacturing process of the translucent concrete, and can improve the manufacturing efficiency of the translucent concrete.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of implementation steps of a preparation method of a 3D printed light-transmitting concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; printing a first layer of mortar for a 3D printer; in the figure, (b) is the placement of a first layer of light-guiding fibers; printing a second layer of mortar for a 3D printer; in the figure, (d) is the placement of a second layer of light-guiding fibers; in the figure, (e) is printing and forming the transparent concrete after repeating the steps for a plurality of times; in the figure, (f) is a light-transmitting concrete which is cut and polished to be formed;
fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a mortar printing path in a preparation method of a 3D printed light-transmitting concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a physical photograph of mortar printing in the preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:
1-an extrusion hopper; 101-an electric motor; 102-a spray head;
2-mortar; 3-light guide fibers; 4-printing formed light-transmitting concrete;
5-cutting polished light-transmitting concrete; 6-print path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure which is free from being manufactured by a template and has good light transmittance and strong mechanical property, and the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure comprises at least one light guide layer and at least two mortar layers. The mortar layer comprises 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose according to the mass part ratio. The light guide layers are formed by paving a plurality of light guide fibers in an equidistant arrangement mode, the mortar layers are printed and formed by 3D printing equipment, and the light guide layers are formed between two adjacent mortar layers so as to be stacked to form a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure in a stacked mode. According to the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, and the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good forming quality and better mechanical property while meeting the time requirement of paving a light guide layer, so that the stacked and formed 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure has good light transmission and stronger mechanical property. And moreover, the proportion of mortar raw materials is adjusted, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the 3D printing equipment can be directly used for printing and forming the translucent concrete, the translucent concrete is not required to be manufactured through a template, the manufacturing cost of the template is saved, the manpower and time consumption in the manufacturing process of the translucent concrete are reduced, and the manufacturing efficiency of the translucent concrete can be improved.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the sand is river sand with the grain diameter smaller than or equal to 1.18mm, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the cement is (0.9-1.1): 1, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, and the phenomenon that the mortar is dry and cracked to damage the printing performance and the phenomenon that the mortar has high fluidity and cannot be stacked and formed is avoided. When the mass ratio of the river sand to the cement is more than (0.9-1.1): 1, excessive river sand easily causes mortar drying cracking to damage printing performance, and the forming quality of the transparent concrete is poor, so that the mechanical performance of the printed transparent concrete is reduced. When the mass ratio of the river sand to the cement is less than (0.9-1.1): 1, too little river sand easily causes high mortar fluidity and can not be stacked for molding, thereby being unfavorable for extrusion printing molding of 3D printing equipment and even causing failure in molding of light-transmitting concrete.
Preferably, in some of these embodiments, the water reducer is a powdered polycarboxylate superplasticizer, which is used to improve the fluidity of the mortar. The mass ratio of the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer to the cement is (0.0008-0.001): 1, so that the mortar is suitable for extrusion printing of 3D printing equipment, the phenomenon that the mortar is dry and cracked to damage the printing performance is avoided, and the phenomenon that the mortar has high fluidity and cannot be stacked and formed is avoided. When the mass ratio of the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer to the cement is more than (0.0008-0.001): 1, the excessive polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer easily causes mortar drying cracking to damage printing performance, the forming quality of the transparent concrete is poor, and the mechanical property of the printed transparent concrete is further reduced. When the mass ratio of the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer to cement is less than (0.0008-0.001): 1, too little polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer easily causes high mortar fluidity and cannot be stacked for molding, thereby being unfavorable for extrusion printing molding of 3D printing equipment and even causing failure in molding of light-transmitting concrete.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the sodium gluconate is in a powder form, and the sodium gluconate is used for prolonging the solidification time of the mortar, so that the 3D printing-molded mortar layer can meet the time requirement of paving the light guide layer, and the light guide layer is conveniently paved on the mortar layer. The mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the cement is (0.0006-0.0008): 1, so that the setting time of the mortar is just suitable for the laying time requirement of the light guide layer, and the mechanical property of the light-transmitting concrete is not obviously reduced. When the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the cement is more than (0.0006-0.0008): 1, the excessive sodium gluconate prolongs the solidification time of the mortar and reduces the mechanical property of the light-transmitting concrete. When the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the cement is less than (0.0006-0.0008): 1, too little sodium gluconate reduces the solidification time of the mortar and cannot meet the time requirement of paving the light guide layer.
Preferably, in some of these embodiments, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is in the form of a powder, which is used to enhance the water retention and thixotropic properties of the mortar and to enhance the printability of the mortar. The mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cement is (0.0012-0.0014) 1, so that the mortar has proper viscosity, the printability of the mortar is enhanced, and the mechanical properties of the light-transmitting concrete are not obviously reduced. When the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cement is more than (0.0012-0.0014): 1, excessive hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is easy to cause mortar to be sticky, and the mechanical property of the light-transmitting concrete is reduced. When the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the cement is less than (0.0012-0.0014): 1, too little hydroxypropyl methylcellulose easily causes drying and cracking of mortar, reduces viscosity, and cannot adhere to optical fibers, thereby affecting the light transmission performance of light-transmitting concrete.
Preferably, in some embodiments, the optical fiber is an optical fiber, and transparent glass or plastic polymer may be used, where the optical fiber is a fiber capable of undergoing total internal reflection (Total Internal Reflection) and the refractive index of the core layer is greater than the refractive index of the outer cladding layer. The diameter of the light guide fiber is 0.5-2.5 mm, which is beneficial to the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure formed by stacking and has good light transmission and strong mechanical property. When the diameter of the light guide fiber is smaller than 0.5mm, the diameter of the light guide fiber is too small, and the light transmission performance and the printing performance of the light transmission concrete are obviously reduced. When the diameter of the light guide fiber is larger than 2.5mm, the diameter of the light guide fiber is overlarge, so that the mechanical property and the printing performance of the light-transmitting concrete are obviously reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure with good light transmission and strong mechanical property without template manufacture, which comprises the following steps:
step S01: weighing 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose according to the raw materials and the proportion adopted by the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure of any one of claims 1-6;
step S02: pouring the raw materials in the step S01 into a mortar stirrer for stirring until the raw materials are uniformly mixed, so as to obtain mortar which can be printed by 3D printing equipment;
step S03: delivering the mortar in the step S02 to 3D printing equipment, printing a first mortar layer according to the set printing parameters, and taking the first mortar layer as a substrate layer;
step S04: paving a light guide layer on the first mortar layer in the step S03, wherein the light guide layer is formed by paving a plurality of light guide fibers in an equidistant arrangement mode;
step S05: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S04 according to the set printing parameters;
step S06: paving a light guide layer on the second mortar layer in the step S05;
step S07: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S06 according to the set printing parameters;
step S08: and (3) repeating the steps S05, S06 and S07 for a plurality of times to obtain the 3D printing translucent concrete structure formed by printing.
Step S09: and (3) placing the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure in the step S08 in an environment with the temperature of 20+/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95% for curing for 28 days.
Step S10: the light-transmitting concrete cured in step S09 is cut and polished according to a predetermined size to obtain cut and polished light-transmitting concrete 5.
It should be noted that in some embodiments, the 3D printing device may be, but is not limited to, an extrusion type 3D printer, the 3D printer head adopts a circular shape, the interval between each layer of adjacent printing paths is set to be the diameter of the printer head, and the thickness of each layer of printing mortar is set to be the radius of the 3D printer head. Preferably, the horizontal movement speed of the 3D printer nozzle is 40-60 mm/s, and the extrusion speed is 0.8-1.2 r/s. The horizontal movement speed of the spray head is too high, or the extrusion speed of the spray head is too low, so that printing discontinuity is easy to occur, and the molding quality of the light-transmitting concrete structure is poor. The horizontal movement speed of the spray head is too slow, or the extrusion speed of the spray head is too fast, so that deformation and damage of a printing structure are easily caused, and the forming quality of the light-transmitting concrete structure is poor.
In order that the details and operation of the above-described embodiments of the present invention may be clearly understood by those skilled in the art, and that the advanced properties of the light-transmitting concrete of the present invention and the method for preparing the same may be significantly embodied, the embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment, 4kg of ordinary Portland cement (P.O 42.5.5), 4kg of river sand with the grain diameter of less than 1.18mm, 1.28kg of tap water, 3.6g of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 2.8g of sodium gluconate and 5.2g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are adopted as raw materials, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare printing mortar, and then the printing mortar is conveyed to an extrusion hopper 1 of a 3D printer shown in fig. 1. The rotating speed of the motor 101 on the extruding funnel 1 is set to be 1r/s, and the rotating motor 101 extrudes the mortar 2 in the extruding funnel 1 through the nozzle 102 of the 3D printer. The nozzle 102 of the 3D printer is circular with a diameter of 20mm. The head 102 of the 3D printer moves in accordance with the printing path 6 shown in fig. 2 at a speed of 50mm/s. In this embodiment, the length of the print path 6 shown in fig. 2 in the x direction is 200mm, and the interval between each path in the x direction in the y direction is 20mm, so the width of the print path 6 in the y direction is 40mm. After the first mortar layer is printed, the optical fiber 3 is laid as shown in fig. 1 (b). The length of each optical fiber 3 is 60mm, the distance between every two adjacent optical fibers 3 is 10mm, the cross section of each optical fiber 3 is a circle with the diameter of 2mm, and the optical fibers 3 are made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). After one layer of light guide fiber is paved, lifting a spray head 102 of a 3D printer upwards (in the z direction) by 10mm, starting to print a second layer of mortar 2, wherein printing parameters are the same as those of the first layer of mortar 2, as shown in fig. 1 (c), paving a second layer of light guide fiber 3 on the second layer of mortar 2, and paving parameters are the same as those of the first layer of light guide fiber 3, as shown in fig. 1 (D). The process is repeated for a plurality of times, 14 layers of mortar 2 are printed, 13 layers of optical fiber 3 are paved, and the process is shown in fig. 1 (e). And then placing the printed and formed translucent concrete 4 in an environment with the temperature of 20+/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95% for curing for 28 days. Finally, the cured light-transmitting concrete was cut into 40mm by 160mm samples, which were then subjected to mechanical and optical testing. The loading direction of the mechanical test is the z direction, and finally the flexural strength of the sample is 10.5MPa, the compressive strength is 49.7MPa and the light transmittance is 0.18%.
Example 2
In the embodiment, 4.4kg of white Portland cement (P.W 42.5.5), 4.2kg of river sand with the particle size of 1.18mm, 1.4kg of tap water, 3.9g of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 3.1g of sodium gluconate and 5.7g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are adopted as raw materials, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare printing mortar, and then the printing mortar is conveyed to an extrusion hopper 1 of a 3D printer shown in fig. 1. The rotating speed of the motor 101 on the extruding funnel 1 is set to be 1r/s, and the rotating motor 101 extrudes the mortar 2 in the extruding funnel 1 through the nozzle 102 of the 3D printer. The head 102 of the 3D printer was circular, had a diameter of 20mm, and moved in accordance with the printing path 6 shown in fig. 2 at a movement speed of 50mm/s. In this embodiment, the length of the printing path 6 shown in fig. 2 in the x direction is 220mm, and the interval between each path in the x direction in the y direction is 20mm, so the width of the printing path 6 in the y direction is 40mm. After the first layer of mortar 2 is printed, the optical fiber 3 is laid as shown in fig. 1 (b). The length of each optical fiber 3 is 60mm, the distance between every two adjacent optical fibers 3 is 8mm, the cross section of each optical fiber 3 is circular with the diameter of 1mm, and the optical fibers 3 are made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). After one layer of light guide fiber 3 is paved, lifting a spray head 102 of a 3D printer upwards (z direction) by 10mm, starting to print a second layer of mortar 2, wherein printing parameters are the same as those of the first layer of mortar 2, as shown in fig. 1 (c), paving the second layer of light guide fiber 3 on the second layer of mortar 2, and paving parameters are the same as those of the first layer of light guide fiber 3, as shown in fig. 1 (D). And (3) sequentially repeating the steps for a plurality of times, printing 8 layers of mortar 2, and paving 7 layers of optical fibers 3. And then placing the printed and formed translucent concrete 4 in an environment with the temperature of 20+/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 95% for curing for 28 days. Finally, the cured light-transmitting concrete was cut into 40mm by 160mm samples, which were then subjected to mechanical and optical testing. The loading direction of the mechanical test is the z direction, and finally the flexural strength of the sample is 10.1MPa, the compressive strength is 51.6MPa and the light transmittance is 0.02%.
Example 3
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the optical fiber of this example uses glass, other parameters are the same as in example 1, and the final measured sample has a flexural strength of 9.2MPa, a compressive strength of 47.6MPa, and a light transmittance of 0.15%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is identical to example 1, except that: a light guide layer is not paved between adjacent mortar layers, namely, the light guide fiber 3 is not arranged between the adjacent mortar layers, and finally, the flexural strength of the sample is 13.5MPa, the compressive strength is 47.6MPa and the light transmittance is 0%. The flexural strength of the sample of comparative example 1 was somewhat improved, but the compressive strength was reduced, and the sample was opaque and did not meet the application requirements of light-transmitting concrete, as compared to example 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is identical to example 1, except that: and a light guide layer is paved between adjacent mortar layers, the diameter of the placed light guide fiber 3 is 3mm, and finally, the flexural strength of the sample is 6.3MPa, the compressive strength is 43.2MPa and the light transmittance is 0.49%. Compared with example 1, the sample in comparative example 2 has significantly increased light transmittance, but significantly reduced flexural strength and compressive strength, has a large impact on the safety of light-transmitting concrete, and has poor print workability of large-sized light-guide fiber, which is easily deflected, and reduces the constructability of light-transmitting concrete. And after printing and forming, the optical fiber 3 with larger diameter also reduces the overall aesthetic property of the light-transmitting concrete.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is identical to example 1, except that: adopting 40 parts of ordinary Portland cement (P.O 42.5.5), 40.85 parts of river sand with the grain diameter of 1.18mm, 18 parts of tap water, 0.05 part of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 0.05 part of sodium gluconate and 0.05 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as raw materials, and uniformly mixing and stirring the raw materials to prepare the printing mortar. Because the fluidity of the mortar in comparative example 3 was too high, the stacking formation was impossible, the optical fiber was deformed and moved, and finally the production failed.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is identical to example 1, except that: 39.85 parts of ordinary Portland cement (P.O 42.5.5), 50 parts of river sand with the particle size of 1.18mm, 10 parts of tap water, 0.05 part of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducer, 0.05 part of sodium gluconate and 0.05 part of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are adopted as raw materials, and the raw materials are uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare the printing mortar. Since the mortar in comparative example 3 was dry-broken, continuous extrusion was impossible, and the final production failed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure, comprising:
at least one light guiding layer; and
the mortar comprises at least two mortar layers, wherein the mortar layers are prepared from 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose according to the weight part ratio;
the light guide layer is formed by paving a plurality of light guide fibers, the mortar layer is formed by printing through 3D printing equipment, and the light guide layer is formed between two adjacent mortar layers so as to form a 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure in stacked arrangement.
2. The 3D printed light-transmitting concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein the sand is river sand with a particle size of less than or equal to 1.18mm, and the mass ratio of the river sand to the cement is (0.9-1.1): 1.
3. The 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, and the mass ratio of the polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent to the cement is (0.0008-0.001): 1.
4. The 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the cement is (0.0006-0.0008): 1.
5. The 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to the cement is (0.0012-0.0014): 1.
6. The 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diameter of the light guide fiber is 0.5 to 2.5mm.
7. The preparation method of the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S01: weighing 40-46 parts of cement, 40-46 parts of sand, 13-15 parts of water, 0.02-0.06 part of water reducer, 0.02-0.06 part of sodium gluconate and 0.04-0.08 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose according to the raw materials and the proportion adopted by the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure according to any one of claims 1-6;
step S02: pouring the raw materials in the step S01 into a mortar stirrer for stirring until the raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtaining mortar which can be printed by 3D printing equipment;
step S03: conveying the mortar in the step S02 to 3D printing equipment, printing a first mortar layer according to the set printing parameters, and taking the first mortar layer as a matrix layer;
step S04: paving a light guide layer on the first mortar layer in the step S03;
step S05: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S04 according to the set printing parameters;
step S06: paving a light guide layer on the second mortar layer in the step S05;
step S07: printing a second mortar layer on the light guide layer in the step S06 according to the set printing parameters;
step S08: and (3) repeating the steps S05, S06 and S07 for a plurality of times to obtain the 3D printing translucent concrete structure formed by printing.
8. The method for preparing a 3D printed clear concrete structure according to claim 7, further comprising a clear concrete curing step, wherein the clear concrete curing step comprises curing the 3D printed clear concrete structure in step S08 in an environment with a temperature of 20±2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 95% or more for 28 days.
9. The method for preparing a 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure according to claim 8, wherein the method for preparing a 3D printed light transmissive concrete structure further comprises a light transmissive concrete cutting and polishing step, the light transmissive concrete cutting and polishing step comprising cutting and polishing the cured light transmissive concrete according to a predetermined size.
10. The method for preparing the 3D printing light-transmitting concrete structure according to claim 7, wherein the horizontal moving speed of the spray head of the 3D printing device is 40-60 mm/s, and the extrusion speed of the spray head of the 3D printing device is 0.8-1.2 r/s.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220194850A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Utilizing unprocessed clay in the three dimensional additive printing of mortar onto a building structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220194850A1 (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-23 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Utilizing unprocessed clay in the three dimensional additive printing of mortar onto a building structure |
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