CN116330641A - Solid 3D printing method using double/double-section crosslinking material - Google Patents
Solid 3D printing method using double/double-section crosslinking material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116330641A CN116330641A CN202310071263.0A CN202310071263A CN116330641A CN 116330641 A CN116330641 A CN 116330641A CN 202310071263 A CN202310071263 A CN 202310071263A CN 116330641 A CN116330641 A CN 116330641A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 87
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012994 industrial processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid 3D printing method using a double/double-section crosslinking material, which comprises the following steps: (1) Pre-curing the liquid dual/dual-stage cross-linked material to change the cross-linked material from a liquid state to a non-flowing state; or the polymer raw material which can change from the fluid state to the non-fluid state along with the temperature change and can be crosslinked by light or light heat is adjusted to the non-fluid state through the temperature; (2) Cross-linking and solidifying the non-fluid dynamic material obtained in the step (1) according to the shape of a product to be printed; (3) removing the uncrosslinked portion to obtain a 3D printed product. The solid 3D printing method provided by the invention can be used for printing the pre-solidified material under special environments such as microgravity, gravity-free or vibration and the like, further widens the working environment and the application field of 3D printing, and provides a solution for realizing solid 3D printing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D printing method, in particular to a solid 3D printing method based on a double/double-section crosslinking material.
Background
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM), is a technique for constructing objects by layer-by-layer printing using bondable materials such as powdered metal or plastic based on digital model files. The printing machine has the same working principle as that of common printing, and the printer is filled with liquid or powder and other printing materials, and the products to be printed are sliced and layered to print with the aid of a computer, and the materials are stacked layer by layer to manufacture a entity. Compared with the traditional forming cutting processing mode, the 3D printing can manufacture parts with any complex shape, does not need tools, clamps and multiple processing procedures, realizes free manufacture, solves the forming problem of a plurality of parts with complex structures, shortens the manufacturing period, and is widely applied to the fields of medicine, industrial processing, building production, aerospace and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Common 3D printing modes include light curing forming technology (SLA), selective laser melting technology (SLM), rapid Plasma Deposition (RPD), laser metal cladding (LMD), fused deposition technology (FDM), etc. The earliest 3D printing forming technology, namely the current mature 3D printing technology-photocuring forming technology (SLA), divides the shape of a three-dimensional target part into a plurality of planar layers, scans liquid photosensitive resin with a light beam with a certain wavelength, so that the scanned part of each layer of liquid photosensitive resin is solidified and formed, the part which is not irradiated by the light beam is still liquid, and finally all the layers are accumulated to form the required target part.
Conventional 3D printing requires pretreatment of the material to liquid (molten) or powder form, and structure fabrication is achieved by layered solidification, and the printing process is required to be performed in a relatively stable environment. However, in the face of special environments such as microgravity (or no gravity) or vibratory shaking, the above-described liquid or powder materials may flow, float and spread during printing, where conventional 3D printing schemes may not be applicable. Patent CN111070673a describes a method of 3D printing polymers in the condensed state, which can be used to print certain specific types of polymers in the solid state, such as specific thermosensitive gels and vitrimers, but not suitable for general polymers commonly used in industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a solid 3D printing method using a dual/dual-segment cross-linked material, which can be applied to microgravity, gravity-free or vibration environments.
The technical scheme is as follows: the solid 3D printing method utilizing the double/double-section crosslinking material comprises the following steps of:
(1) Pre-curing the liquid dual/dual-stage cross-linked material to change the cross-linked material from a liquid state to a non-flowing state; or the polymer raw material which can change from the fluid state to the non-fluid state along with the temperature change and can be crosslinked by light or light heat is adjusted to the non-fluid state through the temperature;
(2) Cross-linking and solidifying the non-fluid dynamic material obtained in the step (1) according to the shape of a product to be printed;
(3) Removing the uncrosslinked portion to obtain a 3D printed product.
The dual/dual stage crosslinking material may be solid at a specific temperature, such as at room temperature, low temperature, or high temperature, and may be locally crosslinked by light or photo-heat. The temperature is then changed and the part which is not photo-or photo-thermally crosslinked is softened or liquefied and can be separated from the photo-or photo-thermally crosslinked part.
The dual/dual stage cross-linked materials include low molecular weight materials that can be solid or non-flowable at low temperatures and can be photo-or photo-thermally cross-linked. The dual/dual stage crosslinked material also includes a polymer that is photocrosslinkable at room temperature and is flowable at elevated temperatures.
In the step (1), the dual/dual-stage crosslinking material is a resin which can be crosslinked in two different crosslinking modes, or a resin which is crosslinked in one crosslinking mode under different crosslinking conditions. The two different crosslinking modes are any two of photo-crosslinking, photo-thermal crosslinking, thermal crosslinking or moisture crosslinking. The different crosslinking conditions are different light wavelengths, different light intensities and different irradiation times, or different thermal crosslinking temperatures and different thermal crosslinking times.
Wherein in the step (1), the pre-curing mode is at least one of thermal curing, photo-thermal curing, moisture curing or photo-curing.
In the step (2), the cross-linking and curing method is local heat curing or local light curing. The local heat curing or the local light curing adopted in the crosslinking curing is light beam curing or light beam heating curing. The beam curing or beam heating is to re-crosslink portions of the dual/dual stage crosslinked material using single or multiple beam light intersection.
In the step (3), the specific method for removing the uncrosslinked portion of the material is as follows: the non-re-crosslinked portions were removed with a solvent: after the solvent soaking, the non-crosslinked part is peeled off mechanically. The non-re-crosslinked portions are mechanically peeled off at room temperature or at an elevated temperature.
The principle of the invention: the resins used in the prior art for liquid printing are not pre-curable, whereas solid printing uses special thermosensitive gels or vitrimers. Whereas the present invention uses dual/dual stage cross-linked resins to achieve pre-cure. The dual/dual-section crosslinked resin is pre-cured by heating or illumination, namely, is partially crosslinked, so that the liquid state is converted into a state of being not easy to flow; then, according to the shape of the product to be printed, carrying out secondary crosslinking and curing on the pre-crosslinked resin in a local heat curing or local light curing mode; and finally removing uncrosslinked parts of the material by adopting a solvent soaking and mechanical mode to obtain the 3D printing product.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: (1) Aiming at the problem that raw materials such as liquid, melt, powder and the like cannot be printed normally in special environments such as microgravity, gravity-free or vibration shaking and the like in the conventional additive manufacturing technology, the dual/dual-section cross-linked resin is used for printing in a solid state after being pre-solidified, so that a solution is provided for realizing solid 3D printing; (2) The invention can be applied to special environments with vibration and shaking such as space, steamship, train and the like without microgravity or gravity, and further widens the working environment and application field of 3D printing; (3) The printing method can be used for low-cost materials, is economical and friendly, and can realize the recycling of the materials by adjusting the degree of pre-crosslinking.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below.
Example 1
A3D printing method based on double/double-section crosslinking materials adopts thermal/light double-curing resin as raw materials, wherein the pre-curing adopts thermal curing, the re-curing adopts local photo-curing, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of thermal/optical dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, controlling the temperature through an environment box to enable the material to reach the thermal curing temperature to realize crosslinking, and enabling the material to be converted into a non-flowing state from a liquid state;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by using a light source, and performing cross-linking molding. And (3) irradiating the pre-cured material along the outline and the inside of the outline of the required product by using a single light source, and carrying out local crosslinking curing, wherein the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365-450nm.
(3) Separating: after immersing the resulting material in a solvent, the non-crosslinked portion is removed. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 2
A3D printing method based on double/double-section crosslinking materials adopts photo-thermal/photo-double curing resin as raw materials, wherein photo-thermal curing is adopted for pre-curing, partial photo-curing is adopted for re-curing, and light sources used for photo-thermal curing and photo-curing are inconsistent, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of photo-thermal/photo-dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, and irradiating and focusing by a light source to heat so as to realize thermal cross-linking curing of the material, so that the material is converted into a non-flowing state from a liquid state;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material with light source in required shape to crosslink. And (3) irradiating the pre-cured material along the outline and the inside of the outline of the required product by using a plurality of light sources, and carrying out local crosslinking curing, wherein the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365-450nm.
(3) Separating: after heating the resulting material, the portions that have not been crosslinked again are mechanically removed. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 3
A3D printing method based on double/double-section crosslinking materials adopts photo/thermal double-curing resin as raw materials, wherein photo curing is adopted for pre-curing, local photo-thermal curing is adopted for re-curing, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of thermal/optical dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, and irradiating by a light source to realize cross-linking and curing of the material, so that the material is converted into a non-flowing state from a liquid state;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by utilizing a fixed-point aggregation heating method of a light source, and heating the pre-cured material to the re-curing temperature for crosslinking and forming. Localized cross-linking curing can be performed in the pre-cured material along the contours and interior of the contours of the desired product using a single or multiple beam light source spot focusing heating.
(3) Separating: the non-re-crosslinked portions are mechanically removed at room temperature or at elevated temperature.
Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 4
The 3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linked material adopts light/light double-cured resin with different wavelengths as raw materials, wherein the pre-curing adopts light curing, the re-curing adopts partial light curing, the wave bands of the two light curing are inconsistent, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of thermal/optical dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, and irradiating by a light source to realize cross-linking and curing of the material, so that the material is converted into a non-flowing state from a liquid state, wherein the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 365-405nm;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by using a light source, and performing cross-linking molding. A single light source is used for irradiation in the pre-cured material along the outline and the inside of the outline of the required product, the partial cross-linking curing is carried out, and the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 405-450nm.
(3) Separating: after the resulting material was softened by soaking in a solvent, the non-crosslinked portion was removed. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 5
A3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linked materials adopts photo-curing resin as raw materials, wherein photo-curing is adopted for pre-curing, partial photo-curing is adopted for re-curing, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of thermal/optical dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, and irradiating by a light source to realize cross-linking and curing of the material for 5min, so that the material is converted into a state of being not easy to flow from a liquid state;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by using a light source, and performing cross-linking molding. The pre-cured material is irradiated with a plurality of light sources along the contour and contour interior of the desired product, and locally further cross-linked and cured.
(3) Separating: after immersing the resulting material in a solvent, the non-crosslinked portion was removed. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 6
A3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linked materials adopts thermosetting resin as raw materials, wherein the pre-curing adopts thermosetting, the re-curing adopts local photo-thermosetting, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing a certain mass of thermal/thermal dual-curing liquid resin into a workbench or a transparent container, controlling the temperature to crosslink and cure the material, and converting the material from a liquid state into a state of being not easy to flow;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to the required shape by utilizing a light source fixed-point aggregation heating method, and partially re-curing and crosslinking. The single beam light source is used for fixed-point focusing, heating is carried out in the pre-cured material along the outline and the inner part of the outline of the required product, and local crosslinking curing is carried out.
(3) Separating: the non-re-crosslinked portions were mechanically removed at room temperature. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 7
A3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linked materials adopts thermosetting resin as raw materials, wherein the pre-curing adopts thermosetting, the re-curing adopts local photo-thermosetting, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing liquid resin with certain mass into a workbench or a transparent container, and controlling the temperature and time to enable the liquid resin to be converted into a state of difficult flow from liquid;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by utilizing a fixed-point aggregation heating method of a light source, and heating the pre-cured material to the re-curing temperature for crosslinking and forming. The multi-beam light source is used for fixed-point focusing, and heating and local crosslinking curing are carried out in the pre-cured material along the outline and the inner part of the outline of the required product.
(3) Separating: the non-re-crosslinked portions are mechanically removed at room temperature or at elevated temperature. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 8
A3D printing method based on double/double-section crosslinking materials adopts moisture/light double-curing resin as raw materials, wherein moisture curing is adopted for pre-curing, partial light curing is adopted for re-curing, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing moisture/light dual-curing liquid resin with certain mass into a workbench or a transparent container, controlling the humidity through an environment box to enable the material to achieve moisture curing and crosslinking, and converting the material from a liquid state into a state of being not easy to flow;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to the required shape by using a light source, and crosslinking and forming. A single beam light source is used to irradiate the pre-cured material along the contour and contour interior of the desired product, and locally crosslink and cure.
(3) Separating: after immersing the resulting material in a solvent, the non-crosslinked portion is removed. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 9
A3D printing method based on double/double-section crosslinking materials adopts moisture/heat double-curing resin as raw materials, wherein the pre-curing adopts moisture curing, the re-curing adopts local photo-curing, and the specific printing steps are as follows:
(1) Pre-curing: placing moisture/light dual-curing liquid resin with certain mass into a workbench or a transparent container, controlling the humidity through an environment box to enable the material to achieve moisture curing and crosslinking, so that the material is converted into a state of being not easy to flow from a liquid state;
(2) And (3) curing again: and irradiating the pre-cured material according to a required shape by utilizing a fixed-point aggregation heating method of a light source, and heating the pre-cured material to the re-curing temperature for crosslinking and forming. Localized cross-linking curing is performed in the pre-cured material along the contour and interior of the contour of the desired product using single beam light source spot focusing heating.
(3) Separating: the non-re-crosslinked portions are mechanically removed under high temperature conditions. Thus, a shaped product was obtained.
Example 10
A3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linking material is disclosed, which uses thermoplastic polymer that can be photo-cross-linked at room temperature, is solid at room temperature and is flowable liquid at 100 ℃. The specific printing steps are as follows: after the thermoplastic polymer is locally crosslinked by ultraviolet light at room temperature, the thermoplastic polymer is heated to 100 ℃ to remove the non-photocrosslinked part, thus obtaining the required part.
Example 11
A3D printing method based on double/double-section cross-linked material adopts low molecular weight resin which is flowable at room temperature, and is cooled to-10 ℃ to be semi-solid state which is not easy to flow. The specific printing steps are as follows: and (3) after the low molecular weight resin is subjected to local ultraviolet crosslinking at the temperature of minus 10 ℃, the temperature is restored to the room temperature, and the part which is not subjected to photocrosslinking is removed, so that the required part is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. A solid state 3D printing method using a dual/dual stage cross-linked material, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-curing the liquid dual/dual-stage cross-linked material to change the cross-linked material from a liquid state to a non-flowing state; or the polymer raw material which can change from the fluid state to the non-fluid state along with the temperature change and can be crosslinked by light or light heat is adjusted to the non-fluid state through the temperature;
(2) Cross-linking and solidifying the non-fluid dynamic material obtained in the step (1) according to the shape of a product to be printed;
(3) Removing the uncrosslinked portion to obtain a 3D printed product.
2. The solid 3D printing method using a dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the dual/dual stage cross-linked material is a resin that can be cross-linked in two different cross-linking modes, or a resin that can be cross-linked in one cross-linking mode under different cross-linking conditions.
3. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the polymer raw material is a polymer raw material of small molecular weight or a thermoplastic polymer.
4. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 2, wherein the two different cross-linking means are any two of photo-cross-linking, photo-thermal cross-linking, thermal cross-linking or moisture cross-linking.
5. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 2, wherein the different cross-linking conditions are different light wavelengths, different light intensities and irradiation times, or different thermal cross-linking temperatures and times.
6. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the pre-curing means is at least one of thermal curing, photo-thermal curing, moisture curing or photo-curing.
7. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the cross-linking curing method is a partial thermal curing or a partial photo curing.
8. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 7, wherein the local thermal curing or local photo-curing employed in the cross-linking curing is beam curing or beam heating curing; the beam curing or beam heating is to re-crosslink portions of the dual/dual stage crosslinked material using single or multiple beam light intersection.
9. The solid state 3D printing method using dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the specific method of removing the non-cross-linked portion of the material is as follows: the non-re-crosslinked portions were removed with a solvent: after the solvent soaking, the non-crosslinked part is peeled off mechanically.
10. The solid state 3D printing method using a dual/dual stage cross-linked material according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the non-re-cross-linked portion is mechanically peeled off at room temperature or high temperature.
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