CN116329524A - Method for improving homogenization degree of cast ingot by magnetic field regulation and control layered casting - Google Patents
Method for improving homogenization degree of cast ingot by magnetic field regulation and control layered casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN116329524A CN116329524A CN202310228851.0A CN202310228851A CN116329524A CN 116329524 A CN116329524 A CN 116329524A CN 202310228851 A CN202310228851 A CN 202310228851A CN 116329524 A CN116329524 A CN 116329524A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
- C22F3/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons by solidifying a melt controlled by supersonic waves or electric or magnetic fields
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the homogenization degree of an ingot by magnetic field regulation and layering casting, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical casting. According to the invention, a magnetic field is applied in the layered casting process, and thermoelectric magnetic force generated between solid-liquid two phases by the magnetic field is utilized to drive melt flow, so that convection is enhanced; meanwhile, the composition deviation of the alloy is controlled in each layer by layered casting, so that the segregation degree of the alloy is effectively reduced, and the magnetic field belongs to a non-contact physical field and does not pollute the composition of liquid metal; the casting time is determined by layered temperature measurement, the consistency of solidification initial conditions of each layer is improved, and by adopting the layered casting method under the magnetic field, microscopic homogenization is promoted, macroscopic homogenization is also promoted, and low-segregation and high-homogeneity alloy cast ingots can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical casting, in particular to a method for improving the homogenization degree of an ingot by magnetic field regulation and layering casting.
Background
With the rapid development of industry, the demand for high quality large ingots is continuously increasing. When a large-sized ingot is cast by the traditional casting method, heat dissipation inside and outside the ingot is extremely uneven, so that metallurgical defects such as macrosegregation, shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity, inclusion aggregation and the like of the ingot are serious. Although the defects can be eliminated to a certain extent through deformation treatment such as heat treatment or rolling upsetting, on one hand, complex subsequent processing treatment leads to increased technological process and increased product cost, and on the other hand, certain serious metallurgical defects can not be eliminated, so that various problems such as poor quality, low yield and the like of the processed castings still exist, and the development and application of large cast ingots are greatly restricted.
Aiming at the problems, researchers propose a casting process capable of effectively reducing macrosegregation of a large-scale ingot and improving tissue uniformity, namely a layered casting technology or a layered casting technology, such as Chinese patent CN105945246A and CN114799092A, which divide molten metal required by the whole ingot into a plurality of units to be discretely poured into an ingot mold, and reduce the amount of molten metal which participates in solidification once, thereby achieving the aim of reducing macrosegregation of the ingot. However, the technology still has the problems that the size, depth and shape of the remelting area of the N-1 solidification layer are unstable during the Nth casting, so that micro segregation and tissue difference at the interface of two layers are large, the difference of melt solidification processes of different layers is large, and the like, and the macro segregation of the casting is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the homogenization degree of an ingot by magnetic field control layered casting. The invention utilizes the thermoelectric magnetic field force generated by the magnetic field to solidify the melt to regulate the convection of the melt and the microscopic segregation of elements, accurately judges the casting interval according to the cooling curve, and increases the consistency of the solidification initial conditions of each layer of melt.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving the homogenization degree of cast ingots by magnetic field regulation and layering casting, which comprises the following steps:
melting the alloy to obtain liquid metal;
preheating a die to obtain a preheated die;
placing the preheating mould in a magnetic field, casting the liquid metal into the preheating mould, wherein the casting times are not less than 2 times, measuring a temperature-reducing curve of the temperature of the junction of the layers with time before each casting, wherein the time of each casting is the time from the beginning of casting to the liquidus in the temperature-reducing curve, and after the casting is completed, keeping the operation of the magnetic field and waiting for solidification of the liquid metal.
Preferably, the mass of the liquid metal cast is the same each time.
Preferably, the location of the measurement is selected within the preheated mold, 10mm down from the bottom of the air layer.
Preferably, the cooling profile is recorded by a paperless recorder.
Preferably, the temperature of the liquid metal is 100-150 ℃ higher than the melting point of the alloy.
Preferably, the magnetic field is a steady longitudinal static magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field, a gradient magnetic field or a pulsed magnetic field.
Preferably, the strength of the magnetic field is 0 to 0.3T and the strength of the magnetic field is not 0.
Preferably, when the number of casting is 2, the method comprises the steps of: after the casting of the first layer is finished, a cooling curve is recorded, the time of casting the second layer alloy is obtained through the cooling curve, the temperature of the cast first layer casting alloy liquid is reduced in the casting process, and after the die is preheated again, the second layer casting is performed.
Preferably, the preheating mould is placed in the centre of the magnetic field.
Preferably, the preheating comprises the steps of: raising the temperature to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-50 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 10-30 min.
The invention provides a method for improving the homogenization degree of cast ingots by magnetic field regulation and layering casting, which comprises the following steps: melting the alloy to obtain liquid metal; preheating a die to obtain a preheated die; placing the preheating mould in a magnetic field, casting the liquid metal into the preheating mould, wherein the casting times are not less than 2 times, measuring a temperature-reducing curve of the temperature of the junction of the layers with time before each casting, wherein the time of each casting is the time from the beginning of casting to the liquidus in the temperature-reducing curve, and after the casting is completed, keeping the operation of the magnetic field and waiting for solidification of the liquid metal.
According to the invention, a magnetic field is applied in the layered casting process, and thermoelectric magnetic force generated between solid-liquid two phases by the magnetic field is utilized to drive melt flow, so that convection is enhanced; meanwhile, the composition deviation of the alloy is controlled in each layer by layered casting, so that the segregation degree of the alloy is effectively reduced, and the magnetic field belongs to a non-contact physical field and does not pollute the composition of liquid metal; the casting time is determined by layered temperature measurement, the consistency of solidification initial conditions of each layer is improved, and by adopting the layered casting method under the magnetic field, microscopic homogenization is promoted, macroscopic homogenization is also promoted, and low-segregation and high-homogeneity alloy cast ingots can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of layered casting under a magnetic field and a cooling profile of a cast four-layer ingot in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of macrosegregation of layered cast ingots at different magnetic field strengths;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the segregation degree of the center region of a layered cast ingot under different magnetic field strengths.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the homogenization degree of cast ingots by magnetic field regulation and layering casting, which comprises the following steps:
melting the alloy to obtain liquid metal;
preheating a die to obtain a preheated die;
placing the preheating mould in a magnetic field, casting the liquid metal into the preheating mould, wherein the casting times are not less than 2 times, measuring a temperature-reducing curve of the temperature of the junction of the layers with time before each casting, wherein the time of each casting is the time from the beginning of casting to the liquidus in the temperature-reducing curve, and after the casting is completed, keeping the operation of the magnetic field and waiting for solidification of the liquid metal.
The invention melts the alloy to obtain liquid metal.
The kind of the alloy is not particularly limited, and the kind well known to those skilled in the art may be adopted, and in the specific embodiment of the present invention, the alloy is an al—cu alloy.
In the present invention, before the melting, it is preferable to further include sequentially removing dust, oil stains and drying the alloy surface.
The specific manner of removing dust and oil stains on the surface of the alloy is not particularly limited, and may be any manner known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the drying is preferably hot air drying or oven preheating, and specific parameters of the drying are not particularly limited, and moisture can be removed.
In the present invention, the temperature of the liquid metal is preferably 100 to 150 ℃ higher than the melting point of the alloy.
In the present invention, the melting is preferably induction heating.
The invention preferably adopts a thermocouple to measure the temperature after the alloy is added into a crucible and induction smelting equipment is started, and the temperature is kept for 20 minutes when the temperature of molten metal is 100-150 ℃ higher than the melting point of the alloy.
The invention preheats the mould to obtain the preheated mould.
In the present invention, the preheating preferably includes the steps of: raising the temperature to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-50 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 10-30 min.
In the invention, the preheating is preferably carried out in a muffle furnace after dust removal by a high-pressure air gun.
After liquid metal and a preheating mould are obtained, the preheating mould is placed in a magnetic field, the liquid metal is cast into the preheating mould, the casting times are not less than 2 times, a temperature-reducing curve of the temperature of the junction of the layers is measured with time before each casting, the time of each casting is the time from the beginning of casting to the liquidus in the temperature-reducing curve, and after the casting is completed, the operation of the magnetic field is maintained, and the solidification of the liquid metal is waited.
In the present invention, the magnetic field is preferably a steady longitudinal static magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field, a gradient magnetic field, or a pulsed magnetic field.
In the present invention, the strength of the magnetic field is preferably 0 to 0.3T and the strength of the magnetic field is not 0.
In the present invention, the magnetic field is preferably provided by an electromagnet, the inner space of the electromagnet is preferably a cylinder with the diameter of 150mm and the height of 155mm, and the magnetic field strength of the magnetic field is preferably adjusted steplessly according to the magnitude of the current and the voltage.
In the present invention, the preheating mold is preferably placed at the center of the magnetic field so that the magnetic field uniformly acts on the solidification process of the ingot.
In the invention, the electromagnet is preferably cooled by water before placement, and the cylindrical space inside the magnet needs to be protected, so that the temperature of non-casting alloy is ensured not to influence the magnet.
In the present invention, the mass of the liquid metal is preferably the same each time the casting is performed, preferably by controlling the mass of the liquid metal each time the casting is performed by means of a weight sensor.
In the present invention, the measured position is preferably selected to be within the preheated mold, 10mm down from the bottom of the air layer.
In the present invention, the cooling profile is preferably recorded by a paperless recorder.
The thermocouple is preferably directly arranged in the alloy, and is directly cut off after being easily molded at the edge.
In the present invention, when the number of casting is preferably 2, the method comprises the steps of: after the casting of the first layer is finished, a cooling curve is recorded, the time of casting the second layer alloy is obtained through the cooling curve, the temperature of the cast first layer casting alloy liquid is reduced in the casting process, and after the die is preheated again, the second layer casting is performed.
In the present invention, the layer-to-layer junction refers to a junction layer between different casting layers.
In the present invention, the number of casting is preferably 4.
After the liquid metal is solidified, the invention preferably closes the magnetic field to take out the cast ingot, thereby completing the manufacture of the cast ingot.
For further explanation of the present invention, the method of improving homogeneity of cast ingots by magnetic field controlled layered casting provided by the present invention is described in detail below in connection with the examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method of casting a homogenized copper alloy ingot, comprising the steps of:
s1, alloy melting: adding Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy to be smelted into a crucible for induction heating; before heating, removing and cleaning dust and greasy dirt on the surface of Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy to be smelted, drying with hot air or preheating in an oven to remove water gas, starting induction smelting equipment, measuring temperature by using a thermocouple, and preserving heat for 20min when the temperature reaches 800 ℃.
S2, preheating a die: putting a die required by alloy solidification into a muffle furnace for heat preservation and preheating; before preheating, the casting crucible is put into a muffle furnace after being dedusted by compressed gas, the heating rate is set according to 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 10min after reaching 300 ℃.
S3, starting a magnetic field: before casting, placing the preheated die into a magnetic field center area, starting a steady magnetic field, adjusting voltage and current to enable the intensity of the steady magnetic field to be 0.2T, cooling by water before starting the magnetic field, and protecting the cylindrical space inside the magnet;
s4, layered temperature measurement: after the magnetic field is started, casting Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy liquid after smelting into a mould, wherein the mass of each layer is 300g, the casting layer number is 4 layers, the mass of a single layer is controlled through a weight sensor in the process, the time interval between the layers is controlled through a paperless recorder, the temperature measuring position is selected at the edge of the mould and is 10mm away from the air layer, and the casting time of the layers is selected from the time required for lowering to liquidus after the casting is started.
S5, layered casting: after the layered casting process is determined, casting molten metal after smelting into a die;
s6, ingot casting molding: after the layered casting is finished, the magnetic field is kept on, the magnetic field is closed after the liquid metal is completely solidified into solid, and the cast ingot is taken out, so that the manufacture of the cast ingot is completed.
Example 2
The same as in example 1, except that the steady magnetic field strength was 0.3T.
Comparative example
The difference is only that the steady magnetic field strength is 0T, as in example 1.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of layered casting under a magnetic field and a cooling profile of a cast four-layer ingot in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing macrosegregation of layered cast ingots under different magnetic field strengths, and it is known that the segregation degree of Al-4.5wt% Cu alloy obtained by the method of the present invention is significantly lower than that of the comparative example.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the segregation degree of the center region of the layered casting ingot under different magnetic field intensities, and it can be seen that the increase of the magnetic field intensity further promotes the reduction of segregation and the homogenization degree.
From the above examples, it is apparent that the segregation of the alloy treated by the method of the present invention is further reduced, and as the mass of the monolayer is reduced and the magnetic field strength is increased, the solute distribution of the alloy is more uniform, the degree of homogenization is gradually increased, and the segregation is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the homogenization degree of the cast ingot by magnetic field regulation and layered casting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
melting the alloy to obtain liquid metal;
preheating a die to obtain a preheated die;
placing the preheating mould in a magnetic field, casting the liquid metal into the preheating mould, wherein the casting times are not less than 2 times, measuring a temperature-reducing curve of the temperature of the junction of the layers with time before each casting, wherein the time of each casting is the time from the beginning of casting to the liquidus in the temperature-reducing curve, and after the casting is completed, keeping the operation of the magnetic field and waiting for solidification of the liquid metal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass of the liquid metal cast is the same each time.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured position is selected within the preheated mold 10mm down from the bottom of the air layer.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the cooling profile is recorded by a paperless recorder.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the liquid metal is 100-150 ℃ above the melting point of the alloy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is a steady longitudinal static magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field, a gradient magnetic field, or a pulsed magnetic field.
7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein the magnetic field has a strength of 0 to 0.3T and the magnetic field has a strength other than 0.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of casting is 2, it comprises the steps of: and after the casting of the first layer is finished, recording a cooling curve, and obtaining the time of casting the second layer of alloy through the cooling curve.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-heating die is placed in a central location of the magnetic field.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preheating comprises the steps of: raising the temperature to 300-500 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-50 ℃/min, and then preserving the heat for 10-30 min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310228851.0A CN116329524A (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Method for improving homogenization degree of cast ingot by magnetic field regulation and control layered casting |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310228851.0A CN116329524A (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Method for improving homogenization degree of cast ingot by magnetic field regulation and control layered casting |
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