Background
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that can be used as a source of nutrition for humans, supplements iron and amino acids, and as a drug for the prevention and treatment of various diseases in humans, for maintaining the balance of flora in the intestinal tract, preventing infection and virus resistance, inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis, hindering free radical production in the body, and the like. Currently, lactoferrin has become one of the hot spots in protein drug development. Infant milk powder added with lactoferrin is marketed in japan in 1988, and human lactoferrin produced by GenPharming corporation using a mammary gland bioreactor has also entered clinical trials in 1997.
Recurrent respiratory tract infection of children is common in global clinic, has higher morbidity, is easy to influence the growth and development of children patients due to complex disease cause and recurrent disease attack, and reduces the health level of patients. In recent years, repeated lower respiratory tract infection is studied quite much at home and abroad, etiology treatment is widely considered as a fundamental treatment means, but the effect is often not ideal enough, and in order to quickly improve the health condition of the infant, an immunomodulator is also required to be used for treatment, the immune function of the infant is enhanced through the immunomodulator, the repeated attack rate of diseases is reduced, and the treatment aim is fulfilled. WO2022219643A1 discloses a nutritional composition comprising a molecular complex of lactoferrin and quercetin, wherein the molecular complex of lactoferrin (Lf) and quercetin is suitably formulated as a topical transdermal formulation, a subcutaneous formulation, an ophthalmic otic formulation or a transdermal patch. However, the patent specification does not disclose a specific patch preparation method.
In addition, lactoferrin capsules are commonly used clinically for treating repeated lower respiratory tract infection of children, and although the immune system of children patients can be improved, the lactoferrin capsules inevitably have the defects of short biological half-life, easy loss of biological activity and the like, and the capsule preparation also has poor drug compliance and is easy to form fear of children taking drugs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described situation, the present invention provides the use of a lactoferrin patch in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. The lactoferrin patch is proved to have a plurality of advantages as a dosage form different from a conventional oral capsule preparation, and the safety of the medication of patients is greatly improved. Compared with a control group, the lactoferrin patch of the invention can effectively improve clinical symptoms of the infant and quickly recover the immune barrier in the infant, the incidence rate of repeated respiratory tract infection of the patient is only 0.06%, and the hospitalization rate after infection is also only 0.03%. Effectively relieves clinical symptoms of children patients and accelerates the healing process.
Specifically, the invention provides a lactoferrin patch, which is characterized in that the lactoferrin patch takes lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres as the active ingredients of medicines.
Specifically, the lactoferrin patch consists of effective components of medicines, a solvent, a high polymer material and a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Preferably, the solvent is selected from: ethanol, propylene glycol, water or a combination of the three, and the solvent is mainly used for dissolving the active ingredients of the medicine.
Preferably, the polymer material is selected from: polyester, polyethylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, cellulose acetate and the like, and mainly plays a role in bearing medicines.
Preferably, the pressure sensitive adhesive is selected from: polyisobutene, acrylic acid, silicone rubber and the like, so that the drug delivery system is tightly combined with skin, and has biocompatibility and certain compatibility with the drug delivery system.
Specifically, the invention also provides a preparation method of the lactoferrin patch, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres;
2) Dissolving the lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere in the step 1) by adopting a solvent, adding a pressure-sensitive adhesive, uniformly stirring, coating on a substrate containing a high polymer material, drying, and punching to obtain the lactoferrin patch.
Preferably, the preparation of the lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere of step 1) comprises the following steps:
preparing an aqueous phase: dissolving 200-400mg of chitosan powder in 20-40ml of glacial acetic acid water solution at the temperature of 4 ℃ to prepare a chitosan solution; 10-30 μg lactoferrin was dissolved in 2-6ml PBS aqueous solution (pH 7.4) to prepare lactoferrin solution; fully mixing chitosan solution and lactoferrin solution;
preparing an oil phase: 200-400ml of liquid paraffin oil and a surfactant Span80 are sequentially injected into a three-neck flask, and are mechanically stirred uniformly at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min;
preparing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres: dropwise adding the water phase into the oil phase at the temperature of 4 ℃, mechanically stirring for 2-6h, and stirring at a speed of: 1000rmp/min, preparing water/oil emulsion; dropwise adding 20-40ml of 5% (w/v) STPP solution into the water/oil emulsion, mechanically stirring for 2-6h at a stirring speed: 1000rmp/min; repeatedly cleaning the emulsion with petroleum ether, isopropanol and double distilled water in sequence to obtain lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres; after freeze-drying, lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres were stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
Preferably, step 2) further comprises the steps of: dissolving lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere 20-40mg in glacial acetic acid 20-40ml, stirring to dissolve in solvent, mixing with polyisobutene pressure sensitive adhesive 996-998mg, stirring, ultrasonic degassing, and uniformly coating on silicone-treated polyester anti-adhesion substrate (dry weight 6 mg/cm) 2 Size 5cm×5 cm), drying, covering with polyethylene backing film layer with thickness of 10 μm, and die cutting to obtain lactoferrin patch.
In particular, the invention also provides application of the lactoferrin patch or the preparation method thereof in preparing medicines for treating recurrent respiratory tract infections of children.
Further preferably, the lactoferrin patch is applied to the chest of the patient.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention firstly constructs a sustained-release system containing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres, and then successfully prepares the lactoferrin patch on the basis of the system, thereby realizing continuous controllable slow release of the lactoferrin with biological activity.
2) Lactoferrin patch as a dosage form different from conventional oral capsule preparation has many advantages: the first pass effect of the liver and the stimulation to the gastrointestinal tract can be avoided, and the drug absorption is not influenced by gastrointestinal tract factors, so that the individual difference of the drug administration is reduced; the release rate of the medicine can be effectively controlled, the stable blood concentration can be maintained for a long time, the peak-valley phenomenon of the blood concentration caused by oral administration is avoided, the blood concentration is kept stable within an effective concentration range, the administration times and the incidence rate of side reactions are obviously reduced, the administration can be timely interrupted when the side reactions occur, and the medication safety of patients is greatly improved.
3) Compared with a control group, the lactoferrin patch of the invention can effectively improve clinical symptoms of the infant and quickly recover the immune barrier in the infant, the incidence rate of repeated respiratory tract infection of the patient is only 0.06%, and the hospitalization rate after infection is also only 0.03%. Effectively relieves clinical symptoms of children patients and accelerates the healing process. In addition, compared with the capsule dosage form, the patch has better drug compliance, and can be only applied to the chest of the infant.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples so as to more clearly understand the present invention by those skilled in the art.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the specific embodiments of the present invention.
In the examples of the present invention, all raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless specified otherwise; in the embodiments of the present invention, unless specifically indicated, all technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Lactoferrin patch preparation:
1) Preparing an aqueous phase: under the condition of 4 ℃, 200mg of chitosan powder is dissolved in 20m l glacial acetic acid water solution to prepare chitosan solution; a lactoferrin solution was prepared by dissolving 10. Mu.g of lactoferrin in 2ml of PBS aqueous solution (pH 7.4); fully mixing chitosan solution and lactoferrin solution;
2) Preparing an oil phase: 200ml of liquid paraffin oil and a surfactant Span80 are sequentially injected into a three-neck flask, and are mechanically stirred uniformly at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min;
3) Preparing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres: dropwise adding the water phase into the oil phase at the temperature of 4 ℃, mechanically stirring for 2 hours at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min, preparing water/oil emulsion; 20ml of 5% (w/v) STPP solution was added dropwise to the water/oil emulsion, mechanically stirred for 2h at stirring speed: 1000rmp/min; repeatedly cleaning the emulsion with petroleum ether, isopropanol and double distilled water in sequence to obtain lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres; after freeze-drying, lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres were stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
4) Taking 20mg of lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere in the step 3) to be dissolved in 20ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring to ensure that the lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere is fully dissolved in a solvent, continuously mixing with 998mg of polyisobutene pressure-sensitive adhesive, stirring, performing ultrasonic degassing, and uniformly coating on a silicone-treated polyester anti-sticking substrate (dry weight 6 mg/cm) 2 Size 5cm×5 cm), drying, covering with polyethylene backing film layer with thickness of 10 μm, and die cutting to obtain lactoferrin patch.
Example 2
Lactoferrin patch preparation:
1) Preparing an aqueous phase: under the condition of 4 ℃, 300mg of chitosan powder is dissolved in 30ml of glacial acetic acid water solution to prepare chitosan solution; a lactoferrin solution was prepared by dissolving 20. Mu.g of lactoferrin in 4ml of PBS aqueous solution (pH 7.4); fully mixing chitosan solution and lactoferrin solution;
2) Preparing an oil phase: 300ml of liquid paraffin oil and a surfactant Span80 are sequentially injected into a three-neck flask, and are mechanically stirred uniformly at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min;
3) Preparing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres: dropwise adding the water phase into the oil phase at the temperature of 4 ℃, mechanically stirring for 4 hours at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min, preparing water/oil emulsion; 30ml of 5% (w/v) STPP solution was added dropwise to the water/oil emulsion, mechanically stirred for 4h at stirring speed: 1000rmp/min; repeatedly cleaning the emulsion with petroleum ether, isopropanol and double distilled water in sequence to obtain lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres; after freeze-drying, lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres were stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
4) Taking 30mg of lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere in the step 3), dissolving in 30ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring to enable the lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere to be fully dissolved in a solvent, continuously mixing with 997mg of polyisobutene pressure-sensitive adhesive, stirring, performing ultrasonic degassing, and uniformly coating on a silicone-treated polyester anti-sticking substrate (dry weight 6 mg/cm) 2 Size 5cm×5 cm), drying, covering with polyethylene backing film layer with thickness of 10 μm, and die cutting to obtain lactoferrin patch.
Example 3
Lactoferrin patch preparation:
1) Preparing an aqueous phase: at 4 ℃, 400mg of chitosan powder is dissolved in 40ml of glacial acetic acid water solution to prepare chitosan solution; lactoferrin was dissolved in 6ml of aqueous PBS (p H7.4.7.4) to prepare a lactoferrin solution; fully mixing chitosan solution and lactoferrin solution;
2) Preparing an oil phase: 400ml of liquid paraffin oil and a surfactant Span80 are sequentially injected into a three-neck flask, and are mechanically stirred uniformly at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min;
3) Preparing lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres: dropwise adding the water phase into the oil phase at the temperature of 4 ℃, mechanically stirring for 6 hours at the stirring speed: 1000rmp/min, preparing water/oil emulsion; 40ml of 5% (w/v) STPP solution was added dropwise to the water/oil emulsion, mechanically stirred for 6h at stirring speed: 1000rmp/min; repeatedly cleaning the emulsion with petroleum ether, isopropanol and double distilled water in sequence to obtain lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres; after freeze-drying, lactoferrin-chitosan microspheres were stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
4) Dissolving 40mg of lactoferrin-chitosan microsphere in step 3) in 40ml of glacial acetic acid, stirring to make it fully dissolved in solvent, and continuing to makeMixing with 996mg polyisobutylene pressure sensitive adhesive, stirring, ultrasonic deaerating, and uniformly coating on silicone-treated polyester anti-sticking substrate (dry weight 6 mg/cm) 2 ) And (3) drying, covering a polyethylene backing film layer with the thickness of 10 mu m, and punching to obtain the lactoferrin patch.
Example 4
90 cases of children with repeated respiratory tract infection from 2021 month 1 to 2022 month 1 are randomly selected for study, and are divided into a control group, an observation group 1 and an observation group 2 according to the selection of treatment modes, wherein 30 cases of each group are three groups of ages, body mass, sex, lower respiratory tract infection times, hemoglobin, total body iron content and serum ferritin are not obviously different (P is more than 0.05). Wherein, the control group is not treated by any administration; the observation group 1 is to take lactoferrin capsules (Shanghai Boer Biotech Co., ltd., chinese character of health: G20060117, specification: 0.25G. Times.12 grains. Times.5 plates) three times a day, 0.5 grains each time; the observation group 2 was to attach the patch of example 1 of the present invention to the chest and replace the patch daily in the early morning. Before the patient is fully recovered, the patient is subjected to nutrition support, other special treatment and nursing are not performed on the basis of conventional treatment and nursing, and the clinical symptoms of the patient are continuously monitored.
Observing improvement or disappearance of indexes such as defervescence time, cough vanishing time, lung inflammation vanishing time, repeated respiratory tract infection incidence rate, hospitalization rate after infection and the like of the infant; (2) recording improvement condition of immune function index in early morning empty stomach state 1 week after administration, respectively extracting 3ml venous blood, taking supernatant after anticoagulation centrifugation treatment, and measuring IgG, igM, igA level by agar single diffusion method;
the experimental results are as follows:
as can be seen from table 1, both the clinical symptoms of groups 1 and 2 were observed to have some improvement compared to the control group; however, the clinical symptoms of group 2 were significantly shorter in disappearance than group 1, and the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections was only 0.06% and the hospitalization rate after infection was also only 0.03%. Effectively relieves clinical symptoms of children patients and accelerates the healing process. In addition, compared with the capsule dosage form, the patch has better drug compliance, and can be only applied to the chest of the infant.
Table 1 comparison of improvement of clinical symptoms and signs of infants
In clinical respiratory diseases, lower respiratory tract infections often cause a decrease in the level of immune indicators such as lgg, lgm, lga in patients. In order to further examine the curative effect of the patch of the invention, the inventor respectively monitors the change condition of the immune index levels of IgG, igM, igA and the like in the bodies of the infants under different treatment groups, the results are shown in a table 2, in a control group which is not treated by the drug administration, the I gG, the I gM and the IgA levels in the bodies of the infants obviously decrease within 1 week, in an observation group, the immune index level in the bodies of the infants obviously rises, and particularly, the observation group 2 is extremely remarkable, and further proves that the patch of the invention can effectively improve the immunity of patients and realize the purpose of effectively treating the recurrent respiratory tract infection of children.
TABLE 2 comparison of improvement of immune function index of infant
Group of
|
Number of examples
|
IgA(g/L)
|
IgM(g/L)
|
IgG(g/L)
|
Control group
|
30
|
0.05±0.12
|
0.21±0.09
|
3.40±0.23
|
Observation group 1
|
30
|
0.21±0.42
|
0.35±0.25
|
3.55±0.64
|
Observation group 2
|
30
|
0.35±0.05
|
0.53±0.78
|
3.98±0.55 |
It should be noted that the above examples are only for further illustration and description of the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, but the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.