CN116326541A

CN116326541A - Method for constructing model for influencing growth and development of laying hens and egg laying performance by using feed coarse fibers

Info

Publication number: CN116326541A
Application number: CN202310151632.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢建; 曲亮; 马猛; 李永峰; 王星果; 郭军; 窦套存; 胡玉萍; 李尚民; 王强
Original assignee: Jiangsu Institute Poultry Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Institute Poultry Sciences
Priority date: 2023-02-22
Filing date: 2023-02-22
Publication date: 2023-06-27

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of a model for influencing the growth and development of laying hens and the egg laying performance of feed coarse fibers in a growing period, belonging to the technical field of poultry cultivation, comprising the following steps: constructing a plurality of test groups, and feeding laying hens with feeds with different crude fiber levels in the growing period; comprehensively analyzing the laying rate of the whole laying period, the egg weight of the laying hens in the early period of laying, the average egg weight and the feed-egg ratio of the whole laying period by taking the egg laying performance of the laying hens as a first limiting factor, and determining the merits of a plurality of test groups; and analyzing the bone development, the weight, the daily gain, the body size, the carcasses, the digestive tracts and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hens in the growing period and the pre-opening period by taking the growth development level and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hens in the growing period and the pre-opening period as second limiting factors, comprehensively analyzing the growth development level, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance of the laying hens, and determining the optimal group. The model established by the method can assist in exploring the influence of the feed coarse fiber supply level in the growing period on the growth and development of the laying hens, the intestinal health and the egg laying performance.

Description

Method for constructing model for influencing growth and development of laying hens and egg laying performance by using feed coarse fibers

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a model for influencing the growth and development of laying hens and the egg laying performance of feed coarse fibers.

Background

The period of raising the laying hens refers to the period that the growing development of the laying hens enters a relatively slow period until sexual maturity after the period of raising the laying hens is ended. The growing period of the laying hens is usually 6-19 weeks old, the growing period of the laying hens lays a foundation for the egg producing period, the body condition of the laying hens should develop well after the growing period, the weight is moderate, the population uniformity is good, and the sexual maturity time accords with the variety characteristics. The quality of raising conditions in the raising period has a great influence on the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance, and researches on influencing factors of the growth and development of the laying hen in the raising period and the early stage of laying hen and the egg laying performance have been widely carried out, but no related report on the coarse fiber level of feed in the raising period of the laying hen exists at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the growth and development level and the egg laying performance of the laying hens, the invention provides a method for constructing a model for influencing the growth and development and the egg laying performance of the laying hens by using coarse feed fibers.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for constructing a model for influencing the growth and development of laying hens and the egg laying performance by using feed coarse fibers, which comprises the following steps:

constructing a plurality of test groups, and feeding laying hens with feeds with different crude fiber levels in a breeding period by the plurality of test groups;

comprehensively analyzing the laying rate of the whole laying period, the egg weight of the laying hens in the early period of laying, the average egg weight of the whole laying period and the feed-egg ratio by taking the egg laying performance of the laying hens as a first limiting factor, and determining the merits of a plurality of test groups;

and analyzing the bone development, the weight, the daily gain, the body size, the carcasses, the digestive tract and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period by taking the growth development level and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period as second limiting factors, comprehensively analyzing the growth development level, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period, and determining the optimal groups of a plurality of test groups.

Further, constructing a plurality of test groups, wherein the test groups are fed with feeds with different crude fiber levels in the breeding period to feed laying hens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps of:

selecting hens with good body condition and close weight at 6 weeks of age for random grouping;

selecting 5 groups of hens to construct 5 test groups, and setting a plurality of repetitions in each group;

the method for constructing 5 test groups is as follows:

controlling the crude protein level of the feed of each group of hens to be 15.5% during the period of 6-15 weeks, controlling the metabolic energy level of the poultry to be 11.72MJ/kg, and controlling the crude fiber level of the feed of 5 test groups to be 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%5 respectively;

after 15 weeks of age, the laying hens are transferred into individual egg cages, and each group of laying hens are fed with the same diet in the pre-production period and the egg production period, and all the laying hens only eat freely and feed uniformly.

Further, the method uses the egg laying performance of the laying hen as a first limiting factor, comprehensively analyzes the laying rate of the laying hen in the whole egg laying period, the egg weight in the early egg laying period, the average egg weight in the whole egg laying period and the feed egg ratio, and determines the merits of a plurality of test groups, specifically including:

and taking the egg laying performance of the laying hens as a first limiting factor, counting the egg laying rate of the whole egg laying period of the laying hens, the egg weight of the laying hens in the early period of opening, the average egg weight of the whole egg laying period and the egg ratio data, comprehensively analyzing the data, and determining the merits of a plurality of test groups.

Further, the growing development level and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period are taken as the second limiting factors, the bone development, the weight, the daily gain, the body size, the carcasses, the digestive tract and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period are analyzed, the growing development level, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period are comprehensively analyzed, and the optimal groups of a plurality of test groups are determined, wherein the optimal groups comprise:

taking the growth development level and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period as second limiting factors, counting and analyzing the bone development, the weight, the daily gain and the body size of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period, and comprehensively analyzing the growth development level, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period, and determining the optimal groups of a plurality of test groups.

One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:

1. the invention relates to a method for constructing a model for influencing the growth and development of laying hens and egg laying performance by coarse fibers of feed, wherein the growing period is the most important period in the production of laying hens, the weight, body size and population uniformity in the growing period and the pre-laying period are important assessment indexes for the growth and development of the population, the egg laying performance in the whole period of the laying hens is directly influenced, the egg laying performance is an important target for increasing economic benefit, and is a direct index form for assessing whether the using method of the coarse fibers in the growing period is optimal or not; the growth and development levels of the laying hens in the growing period and the pre-laying period and the intestinal microbial flora are taken as second limiting factors, the weight, daily gain and body size, carcass, digestive tract and skeletal development and the intestinal microbial flora in the growing period and the pre-laying period are analyzed, then the growth and development levels of the laying hens in the growing period and the pre-laying period, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance are comprehensively analyzed, and the most suitable crude fiber level of the feed in the growing period of the laying hens is determined.

2. The method for constructing the model of the feed coarse fiber influencing the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance can assist in exploring the influence of the feed coarse fiber supply level in the growing period on the growth and development condition and the egg laying performance of the laying hen, improve the colony growth and development and intestinal flora of the laying hen in the early stage of laying, and fully exert the egg laying performance of the laying hen.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing species diversity according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the composition of the cecal microorganism OTU of a laying hen;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the PCOA clustering of cecal microorganisms of layer hens;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the relative abundance of cecal microorganisms in laying hens at the portal level;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the relative abundance of cecal microorganisms in a family of laying hens;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the relative abundance of cecal microorganisms in a layer by species at the genus level;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the relative abundance of functional annotations of cecal microorganisms in laying hens;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the relative abundance of functional notes of the cecum microorganisms of laying hens;

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of the CF level of the diet of the present invention on the number of eggs laid by a layer at 20-40 weeks of age.

FIG. 10 is Table 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is Table 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is Table 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a table 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a table 14 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a table 15 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a table 16 of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a table 18 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent from the following detailed description and examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are intended to illustrate the invention, not to limit the invention.

Throughout the specification, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the terms used herein should be understood as meaning as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification will control.

Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by existing methods.

The method for constructing the model of the feed coarse fiber affecting the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance is described in detail below by combining the examples and experimental data.

Example 1

The method for constructing the model for influencing the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance by using the feed coarse fiber comprises the following steps of:

(1) 5 test groups were constructed:

900 hens of 6-week-old threwls green-shell hens were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatments, 180 hens per treatment, 6 replicates, and 30 hens per replicate. 6-15 weeks old, the average of the Coarse Protein (CP) level of the diet of each test group was 15.5%, the average of the poultry Metabolic Energy (ME) level was 11.72MJ/kg, and the Coarse Fiber (CF) level of the diet was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%5 levels, respectively. After 15 weeks of age, the chickens are transferred into individual egg cages in a repeated unit, and all the chickens are fed with the same diet in the pre-production period and the egg period, and are fed freely and uniformly fed and managed.

(2) Test diet and feeding management:

the feed for the growing period, the pre-producing period and the laying period is prepared by combining the related research results of the applicant on the demands of the local special laying hens CP and ME, and the composition and the nutrition level of the test feed are shown in tables 1 and 2. The test was carried out in a laboratory of poultry institute, national academy of agricultural sciences, where the test chickens were subjected to a uniform illumination and immunization program. The experimental chicken cage is raised by adopting a nipple type drinking machine to eat and drink water freely. And 6-15 weeks old, 3 eggs are fed into an egg laying cage for feeding after each cage is 15 weeks old. Inserting a baffle plate on the trough to separate each repeated test diet, preventing the test chickens from feeding other repeated test diets of the laying hens, and enabling all the chickens to feed freely, uniformly feeding and managing, and feeding the same diet in the pre-production period and the egg-production period for each test group of laying hens.

Table 1 6-15 week old test diet composition and nutrition level (air drying basis)

In Table 1, the premix is fed per kgThe grain provides vitamin A7715, I U and vitamin D ₃ 2755I U, vitamin E8.8I U and vitamin K ₃ 2.2mg, vitamin B ₁ 0.65mg, vitamin B ₂ 2.21mg, 3.51mg pantothenic acid, 19.8mg nicotinic acid, 3.25mg pyridoxine, 0.20mg biotin, 0.28mg folic acid, VB ₁₂ 0.02mg, 65mg of manganese, 60mg of iron, 8mg of copper, 80mg of zinc, 1.0mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium.

Table 2 composition and nutrition level (air-dried basis) of 16-40 week old test diet

In Table 2, the premix provides vitamin A7715, I U and vitamin D per kg diet ₃ 2755I U, vitamin E8.8I U and vitamin K ₃ 2.2mg, vitamin B ₁ 0.65mg, vitamin B ₂ 2.21mg, 3.51mg pantothenic acid, 19.8mg nicotinic acid, 3.25mg pyridoxine, 0.20mg biotin, 0.28mg folic acid, VB ₁₂ 0.02mg, 65mg of manganese, 60mg of iron, 8mg of copper, 80mg of zinc, 1.0mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium.

(3) Measurement index and method

1) Body weight and population uniformity measurements:

the health status of the chickens was recorded daily. 6. At the end of 9, 12, 15, 18, 20 and 24 weeks of age, after 12 hours of stopping feeding, the test chicken individuals are weighed. The weight of the test chickens was counted in duplicate units, and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the weight of each duplicate was calculated as an index of population uniformity evaluation.

Cv= (standard deviation/average body weight) ×100%.

2) Measurement of growth performance:

the repeated consumption was counted at the end of each week of the test period. According to the test record, average Daily Gain (ADG), average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed weight ratio (F/G) of each stage are counted by arrangement in a repeated unit. Wherein F/G is ADFI divided by ADG.

3) Body ruler measurement:

at the end of 15 and 18 weeks, the individual body slant length, keel length and plantar length of all the tested chickens were measured, each chicken was kept by a dedicated person, and the plantar length and plantar circumference were measured by a dedicated person, respectively, by the measurement method referred to "fowl production performance noun term and metric calculation method" (national agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, NY/T823-2020). The length of the foot is the linear distance between the upper joint of the foot and the third four toes, and is measured by an electronic digital caliper. The average number of replicates was counted in duplicate.

4) Carcass and internal organ determination:

at the end of 15 and 18 weeks of age, after weighing the individuals (4.1), a growth advantage group was selected, 2 chickens were tested per repeat average body weight, 12 chickens per group, and slaughter assays were performed.

After weighing the pre-slaughter weight, the chicken neck was bled and fatalitized. After the segmentation, the weights of the pectoral muscle, the leg muscle and the abdominal fat were weighed, and the pectoral muscle rate, the leg muscle rate and the abdominal fat rate were calculated with reference to the "poultry production performance noun terminology and metric statistical method" (NY/T823-2020). The weight of the head, wings, feet, heart, liver, spleen, lungs and pancreas was weighed and the percentage of weight was calculated.

Organ index/% = (organ weight/body weight) ×100.

5) Tibia, femur and metatarsal measurements:

after the left leg muscle is uniformly separated by slaughtering and measurement, tissues such as muscles and tendons attached to the tibia and the femur are removed by scissors, tissues such as the tibia, the femur and the metatarsal bones are wiped by cotton cloth, the lengths and the weights of the tibia, the femur and the metatarsal bones are measured, and the ratio of the lengths to the weights is calculated respectively.

6) Digestive tract measurement:

the adenosis stomach, myostomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum were isolated. The number of glandular stomach and the weight of myostomach after removal of the myogastric keratome and the contents were measured, and the ratio of the weight to the weight was calculated. The individual measures the length of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum with a tape and weighs after removal of the contents by the individual. The ratio of the total weight to the body weight was calculated.

7) Small intestine tissue morphometry

The sample is derived from 4.6, after separating the intestinal segments, the intestinal segments of 1-2 cm are taken from the front quarter of the jejunum and placed in a 10mL centrifuge tube filled with 4% paraformaldehyde for fixation, and used for slicing. The fixed sausage section is subjected to procedures of dehydration, transparency, wax inhibition, embedding, slicing, spreading, HE dyeing, sealing and the like to prepare the slice. Under the observation of a light microscope 40X, LY-WN-HP SUPPER CCD software measures the height of villus, the depth of crypt and the like, and calculates the villus-crypt ratio.

8) Cecum microbiota structure assay:

the sample is from 4.6, about 5g of cecum chyme sample is put into liquid nitrogen for freezing, and then transferred to an ultralow temperature refrigerator at-80 ℃ for preservation. The frozen chyme sample was sent to Beijing-like source technologies, inc., and the determination of the flora structure was accomplished using 16SrRNA high throughput sequencing.

9) Reproductive organ development assay:

at the end of week 18 (4.4), after slaughter, genital organ measurements were performed.

The reproductive organs were isolated. Measuring the length of the oviduct; weighing organs such as oviduct, ovarian basal part, preovulatory follicle, small yellow follicle, large white follicle and the like, and calculating the ratio of each organ to the weight; the number of pre-ovulation follicles (diameter >10 mm), small yellow follicles (diameter 4-10 mm) and large white follicles [ diameter 2- (< 4 mm) ] were counted.

10 Egg laying performance measurement:

the eggs are collected at 09:00 a day, the number of eggs laid is recorded by an individual (eggs are counted and soft shell eggs are broken respectively), the weight of all the tested eggs is weighed by the individual, and the actual consumption of each repetition is counted at the end of each week.

According to test records, daily egg weight, average feed consumption, feed-egg ratio and the like are counted by taking repetition as a unit.

(4) Statistical analysis:

the data in trial 1 were tested for significance of differences between groups using one-way ANOVA (one-way ANOVA) in SPSS 15.0 software. Test 2 data two-factor analysis of variance was performed using the GLM process in SPSS 15.0 software. The statistical model included the primary effects (diet CF level and beginning of feeding Weeks (WF)) and interactions of diet CF and WF. With replicates as test data units. When the difference was significant, multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan's method, P <0.05 indicated that the difference was significant.

Results and analysis

1. Effect of coarse fiber level in 6-15 week old diet on growth performance

As can be seen from table 3, the feed CF levels at the growing stage significantly affected the body weights of the laying hens at 15, 18 and 20 weeks of age (P < 0.05), but had no adverse effect on the body weights of the 24-week-old laying hens (P > 0.05). Wherein, the body weights of the 4% and 5% CF group laying hens are 15 and 18 weeks old and the body weights of the 3%, 4% and 5% CF group laying hens are significantly higher than that of the 2% group (P < 0.05) at 20 weeks old.

The CF level of the feed in the growing period significantly affected the body weight coefficient of variation (CV, P < 0.05) of the

layers

15, 18 and 20 weeks old, but had no adverse effect on the body weight CV of the 24 weeks old (P > 0.05). 15. The 18 and 20 week-old body weights CV decrease and increase with increasing CF levels, with 4% and 6% CF groups laying hens having 15 week-old body weights CV being significantly less than 2% of groups (P < 0.05), 4%, 5% and 6% CF groups laying hens having 18 week-old body weights CV being significantly less than 2% and 3% of groups (P < 0.05), and 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% CF groups laying hens having 20 week-old body weights CV being significantly less than 2% of groups (P < 0.05).

Table 3 6 to 15 week old diet coarse fiber level effect on body weight and body weight CV

Note that: all values are averages of 6 replicates per treatment. The same row has no letters indicating that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05) and different letters indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05). The table below is the same.

As can be seen from Table 4, the CF level of the feed for the growing period significantly affected the daily gain of the laying hens at 16-18 weeks of age and the average feed intake at 7-15, 16-18 and 7-24 weeks of age (P < 0.05), but had no adverse effect on the feed weight ratio of the laying hens at each stage (P > 0.05). Wherein, the daily gain of the 3%, 4% and 5% CF group laying hens is obviously more than 2% and 6% group (P < 0.05), the average feed intake of the 4% CF group laying hens is obviously more than 2% group (P < 0.05) at the age of 7-15 weeks, and the average feed intake of the 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% CF group laying hens is obviously more than 2% group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 4 6 effects of 15 week old diet cellulose levels on ADG, ADF I and F/G

Fig. 10 is table 5 of the present invention, table 5 shows the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on 15 week old body length, as seen from table 5, the growth period diet CF levels significantly affected the 15 week old body diagonal length of the laying hens (P < 0.05), but no significant effect on keel length and shin length (P > 0.05). Wherein, 3% and 6% cf groups of laying hens had significantly greater oblique lengths than 2% and 5% groups (P < 0.05).

2. Effects of coarse fiber levels in 6 to 15 week old diet on layer carcass and visceral organ development

As can be seen from table 6, the CF levels of the feed at the development stage had no significant effect on the development of 15 and 18 week old layer carcasses and internal organs (P > 0.05).

Table 66 to 15 week old diet coarse fiber level effects on 15 and 18 week old layer carcasses and visceral organ development

3. Effect of 6-15 week old diet coarse fiber level on laying hen digestive tract development

FIGS. 11 and 12 are tables 7 and 8 of the present invention, table 7 showing the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on 15 and 18 week old hen gut length; table 8 shows the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on the relative weight of 15 and 18 week old layers' digestive tracts. As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the feed CF levels during the development period significantly affected the development of the 15 week old jejunum of the laying hens (P < 0.05), with 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% CF group laying hens having a 15 week old jejunum weight and jejunum relative weight significantly greater than that of the 2% group (P < 0.05), and 5% CF group laying hens having a 15 week old jejunum weight and jejunum relative weight significantly greater than that of the other groups (P < 0.05). The CF level of the diet in the growing period has no obvious effect on the development of the adenosis, myostomach and digestive tract of the laying hens of 15 and 18 weeks old (P > 0.05).

Effect of coarse fiber level in 4.6-15 week old diet on intestinal flora of laying hen

4.1 microbial sequencing Mass analysis

FIG. 1 (left panel) shows a dilution curve of species, which can directly reflect the rationality of the number of sequences, when the number of sequences is less than 10,000 sequences, the number of OTUs increases rapidly with increasing number of sequences; at 10,000 ～ 20,000 sequences, the number of OTUs increases slowly and then tends to flatten, indicating that the amount of sequencing is sufficient to reach the ideal sequencing depth, and the sequencing quality of this time is reliable. Shown in fig. 1 (right) is a hierarchical clustering curve, and as can be seen from the abscissa and span of the hierarchical clustering curve, the CF6.15W group has the lowest species abundance, and the dz.15w group and the CF4.15W group have species abundances higher than those of the CF6.15W group. Wherein DZ.15W represents a control group of 15 weeks of age; CF4.15W it represents a 4% crude fiber group fed at 15 weeks of age; CF6.15W it represents a 6% crude fiber group fed at 15 weeks of age.

4.2 Effect of different CF levels in diet on the composition of the cecal microorganism OTU of laying hens

FIG. 2 shows the effect of different coarse fiber levels in the diet on the composition of the Rugao yellow chicken cecal microorganism OTU at 15 weeks of age. The dz.15w group had 773 unique OTUs, the cf4.15w group had 349 unique OTUs, the CF6.15W group had 416 unique OTUs, and the three groups shared 770 OTUs. The dz.15w group had 2775 OTUs, the CF4.15W group had 2387 OTUs, and the CF6.15W group had 1389 OTUs. The species abundance of the comparative dz.15w group among the three groups was higher than that of the other two groups, and the species abundance of the CF6.15W group was lowest.

4.3 Effect of different CF levels in diet on Alpha diversity of cecal microorganisms of laying hens

Table 9 is a species count, over 1 index, ACE index, shannon index, and simpson index test, the species count being the number of OTUs visually observed, over 1 index and ACE index characterizing the total number of species contained in the community sample, the more OTUs the greater the index. The shannon index and the simpson index characterize the diversity of the flora, and the larger the index, the higher the diversity of the flora and the more uniform the species distribution. The number of species, over 1 index and ACE index were all significantly higher in the dz.15w group than in the CF6.15W group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 9 Effect of diet CF levels on the diversity of the cecal microorganisms Al alpha of layer chickens

Effect of different CF levels in 4.4 diet on the diversity of cecal microorganisms Beta of 15-week-old layer hens

As shown in fig. 3, the larger overlap area between the dz.15w group and CF4.15W group compared to the CF6.15W group, indicating greater PCA cluster similarity between the dz.15w group and CF4.15W group, and similar dz.15w group and CF4.15W group species composition. Group CF6.15W species composition was significantly different from the dz.15w versus CF4.15W group.

4.5 species richness analysis

As shown in fig. 4, it was found that at the Phylum (Phylum) level, the Phylum-horizontal dominant bacteria (content greater than 2%) among the three groups of intestinal flora had bacteroides (bacterioides), firmicutes (firmates), desulphus (desulphus), fusobacterium (fusobacterium) and euryales (euryarrowia), with average relative abundances of 54.42%, 23.66%, 5.51%, 3.71% and 3.56%, respectively.

As can be seen from table 10, three groups dz.15w, CF4.15W and CF6.15W, such as gao yellow chicken cecum microbiota level Bacteroidota, desulfobacterota and fusarium flora abundance were not significant (P > 0.05). CF4.15W groups such as Rugao yellow chicken cecum microbiota level Firmics flora abundance is significantly higher than DZ.15W group (P > 0.05), CF4.15W and CF6.15W groups such as Rugao yellow chicken cecum microbiota level Euryanaeota flora abundance is significantly higher than DZ.15W group (P > 0.05).

TABLE 10 effect of diet CF levels on the relative abundance differences of layer cecum microbiota level dominant flora species

Wherein: DZ.15W: control group of 15 weeks of age; CF4.15W: feeding 4% crude fiber group at 15 weeks of age; CF6.15W: 6% crude fiber group was fed at 15 weeks of age.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the dominant bacterial groups (content of more than 2%) at the Top10 Family level of each group are Bacteroideae (Bactoidaceae), paecilomyces (Rikenella ceae), trichospiraceae (Lachnospiraceae), vibrionaceae (Desulfovibriobridge), ruminococcus (Ruminococcus) families, fusobacteriaceae (Fusobacteriaceae), methanobarbitaceae (Methanobacilaceae), acidococcus (Acidococcus) and selenococcus (Selenomonadaceae). The average relative abundances were 30.71%, 8.56%, 7.54%, 5.30%, 4.61%, 3.71%, 3.58%, 2.92% and 2.55%, respectively.

As can be seen from table 11, the CF4.15W group, such as gao yellow chicken cecum microbiology level Lachnospiraceae group, had a significantly increased tendency to have abundance of the Lachnospiraceae group compared to the dz.15w group (p=0.054). DZ.15W group like Rugao yellow chicken cecum microbiology level Methanobacteriaceae flora abundance was significantly lower than CF4.15W and CF6.15W groups (P > 0.05).

TABLE 11 Effect of diet CF levels on the relative abundance differences of layer cecal microbiology horizontally dominant flora species

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the dominant bacterial group (content of more than 2%) at the Top10 Genus level is Bacteroides (bacteria), paeonia (Rikenella ceae) RC9 gut group (Rikenella ceae) Rc9_gun_group, vibrio (Desulfovibrio), ruminococcus (Ruminococcus_group), fusobacterium (Fusobacterium), methanobacter (Methanobacter), kochia (Phascobacterium), megamonas (Megamonas) and Thermus (Faecalciparum). The average relative abundance is: 30.71%, 7.50%, 5.19%, 4.11%, 3.70%, 3.58%, 2.92%, 2.55% and 2.34%.

As can be seen from Table 12, DZ.15W group, such as Rugao yellow chicken cecal microbiology level Ruminococcus torques group, had significantly lower abundance than group CF4.15W (P > 0.05). DZ.15W group like Rugao yellow chicken cecum microbiology level Methanoblevibacter flora abundance was significantly lower than CF4.15W and CF6.15W groups (P > 0.05).

TABLE 12 Effect of diet CF levels on the relative abundance differences of the layer cecum microorganism genus level dominant flora species

4.6 diet CF level differential analysis of layer cecal microorganism species

By differential analysis of the species of microorganisms in different treatment groups such as Rugao yellow chicken cecum, 41 species of the genus specific to DZ.15W group and CF4.15W group were found, most of which were belonging to the genus Desulfobacilli (Desulfobacilli) and Proteacter (Proteobacteria). The genus specific to DZ.15W group was 34, most of which were of Proteus (Proteus).

FIG. 13 is Table 13 showing the effect of CF levels in diet on the relative abundance of differential microbiota between cecal microbiomes of laying hens in accordance with the present invention, as can be seen from Table 13, differential microbiota between different coarse fiber levels in diet versus 15 week old Rugao yellow chicken cecal microbiomes are predominantly distributed in Firmics and Bactoidota gates. Wherein the relative abundance of DZ.15W groups Enterococcus and Clostridium_sendu_stricto_1 is significantly higher than for groups CF4.15W and CF6.15W (P > 0.05); CF4.15W, groups Ruminococcus, limosilactobacillus and Slackia have significantly higher relative abundance than DZ.15W and CF6.15W (P > 0.05) and Odoribacter have significantly lower relative abundance than DZ.15W and CF6.15W (P > 0.05); the relative abundance of group CF6.15W, alloprevotella, methanobrevibacter, was significantly higher than that of groups dz.15w and CF4.15W (P > 0.05), and the relative abundance of group CF6.15W, sutterella, was significantly higher than that of group CF4.15W (P > 0.05).

Fig. 7 is a graph of LEfSe analysis from which features of different abundances between groups and associated categories can be obtained. LDA distribution bar graph (fig. 7 (left panel)) shows species that differ significantly between groups, the length of the bar representing the magnitude of the effect of the differing species. From FIG. 7 (left panel), it was found that the species of the group having significant differences in abundance (LDA score. Gtoreq.3.5) among the DZ.15W and CF6.15W groups were 5 and 8, respectively, and that the species of the CF6.15W group was significantly different from each group. The classification level of the genus (species) is indicated by circles in the evolutionary branching diagram (fig. 7 (right)) by the form of internal and external radiation, and it can be seen from fig. 7 (right)) that the microorganism group clusters of the dz.15w group, which play an important role, are among the microorganism group clusters of the Bacteria and the Proteobacteria, CF6.15W group, which play an important role, are among the euryarhaeota. CF4.15W group of species without significant differences.

In fig. 7, small circles represent one class of different class classes, with larger relative abundance circles having larger diameters and smaller diameters. The grey small circles indicate no significant difference, which darkened with group.

4.7 Effect of diet CF level on the relative abundance of functional notes of laying hen cecum microorganisms

As can be seen from fig. 8: the dz.15w group annotation functions focused mainly on cell processing (Cellular Processes) and environmental information processing (Environmental Information Processing), the CF4.15W group annotation functions focused mainly on genetic information processing (Genetic Information Processing), the CF6.15W group annotation functions focused mainly on biological systems (Organismal Systems), metabolism (Metabolism), genetic information processing (Genetic Information Processing) and Human Diseases (human_diseases).

In summary, the species abundance was highest in the dz.15w group, but the relative abundance of dominant flora was significantly lower in the dz.15w group than in the CF group, with more flora not present in the CF6.15W group in the dz.15w and CF4.15W groups, and more flora not present in both CF4.15W and CF6.15W in the dz.15w group. The three groups of differential Bacteria are mainly distributed in Firmics and bacteriocins, and the composition difference among communities is large. In addition, the CF4.15W group cecum microbiota was more functional, with a relative abundance of a portion of the dominant microbiota significantly greater than the dz.15w and CF6.15W groups.

Effects of coarse fiber levels in 5.6 to 15 week old diet on skeletal development at 15 and 18 weeks of age

Fig. 14 is table 14 of the present invention, table 14 shows the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on skeletal development of 15 and 18 week old hens, and it can be seen from table 14 that the growth period diet CF levels had no significant effect on 15 week old skeletal development (P > 0.05), but significantly affected 18 week old skeletal development of laying hens (P < 0.05). Wherein, 4% and 5% cf groups of laying hens have a femoral length significantly greater than 2% and 3% groups (P < 0.05), a femoral weight significantly greater than 2% (P < 0.05), a tibial weight and relative tibial weight significantly greater than 2%, 3% and 6% groups (P < 0.05), and a metatarsal weight significantly greater than 6% group (P < 0.05).

Effects of 6.6 to 15 week old diet coarse fiber levels on development of 18 week old hen reproductive organs

FIG. 15 is Table 15 showing the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on the development of 18 week old hen reproductive organs according to the invention, and it can be seen from Table 15 that the growth period diet CF levels had no significant effect on 18 week old hen reproductive organ development (P > 0.05).

In Table 15, the oviduct index, the ovarian basal index, the preovulatory follicle index, the small yellow follicle index and the large white follicle index are all in units of g/kg, and the oviduct length to weight ratio is in units of cm/kg.

Effect of coarse fiber level of 7.6-15 week old diet on egg laying performance of 20-40 week old layer chicken

Fig. 16 is table 16 of the present invention, table 16 shows the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on the open-term performance of the layers, and it can be seen from table 16 that the CF levels of the feed in the growing period significantly affected the open-term age of the layers (P < 0.05). But has no obvious effect (P > 0.05) on the day-old and open-egg weight of 50 percent of laying rate, wherein, the age of 4% CF group laying hen in open-term is significantly less than 2% and 6% group (P < 0.05),

as can be seen from Table 17, the CF level of the diet in the growing period has no significant effect on the initial egg weight of the layer (P > 0.05).

Table 17 effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on early egg weight of laying hens

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Fig. 17 is table 18 of the present invention, table 18 shows the effect of 6 to 15 week old diet cellulose levels on the egg laying performance of the layers, and it can be seen from table 18 that the CF levels of the feed in the growing period significantly affected the egg laying rate and number of eggs laid by the layers of 20-40 weeks old (fig. 9, P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on average egg weight, average daily feed intake, and feed to egg ratio (P > 0.05). Wherein, the laying rate of the 4% CF group laying hen is obviously higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05),

the growth and development conditions of the laying hens in the early stage of the raising period and the early stage of the laying period and the egg laying performance in the whole egg laying period are comprehensively analyzed, and when the CF level of the diet in the raising period is 4%, the growth, bone and digestive tract development and the whole egg laying performance of the laying hens in the early stage of the raising period can be effectively improved, so that the method is an optimal coarse fiber scheme for the laying hens in the raising period.

In fig. 4-6 of the present invention, the left side is associated with a relatively rich histogram that is one-to-one with the text labels on the right side from top to bottom.

Finally, it is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The method for constructing the model for influencing the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance by using the feed coarse fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The method for constructing a model of feed coarse fiber affecting the growth and development of laying hens and egg laying performance according to claim 1, wherein the method for constructing a plurality of test groups, wherein the plurality of test groups feed laying hens with different coarse fiber levels in the breeding period comprises the following steps:

the method for constructing 5 test groups is as follows:

3. The method for constructing a model of the feed coarse fiber influencing the growth and development of the laying hen and the egg laying performance according to claim 1, wherein the egg laying rate, the egg weight before the start of the whole egg laying period, the average egg weight and the feed egg ratio of the whole egg laying period of the laying hen are comprehensively analyzed by taking the egg laying performance of the laying hen as a first limiting factor, and the advantages and disadvantages of a plurality of test groups are determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

4. The method for constructing a model of the feed coarse fiber influencing the growth and the egg laying performance of the laying hen according to claim 1, wherein the growth and development levels of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period and the intestinal microbial flora are taken as second limiting factors, the bone development, the weight, the daily gain, the body size, the carcass, the digestive tract and the intestinal microbial flora of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period are analyzed, the growth and development levels of the laying hen in the growing period and the pre-laying period, the intestinal microbial flora and the egg laying performance of the whole egg laying period are comprehensively analyzed, and the optimal groups of a plurality of test groups are determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: