CN116321653A - Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof - Google Patents

Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116321653A
CN116321653A CN202310210779.9A CN202310210779A CN116321653A CN 116321653 A CN116321653 A CN 116321653A CN 202310210779 A CN202310210779 A CN 202310210779A CN 116321653 A CN116321653 A CN 116321653A
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China
Prior art keywords
plasma generator
rear electrode
electrode
front electrode
water
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CN202310210779.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王镇
曹卫
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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Yancheng Institute of Technology
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Priority to CN202310210779.9A priority Critical patent/CN116321653A/en
Publication of CN116321653A publication Critical patent/CN116321653A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28Cooling arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478Geometrical details
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a steam plasma generator and a working method thereof, wherein the generator comprises a plasma generator shell, a front electrode water spacer, a front electrode water inlet channel, a front electrode water outlet channel, a front electrode wiring terminal, an insulating part, a rear electrode assembly, a rear electrode water inlet pipeline, a rear electrode water outlet pipeline, a vortex generator, an air inlet pipeline, a backflow guide part, a rear electrode wiring terminal and a water and air inlet and outlet connecting part, one end of the rear electrode assembly is in threaded connection with one end of the backflow guide part, the front electrode and the rear electrode are coaxially arranged in the steam plasma generator, the vortex generator is arranged between the front electrode and the insulating part, and the front electrode water spacer is arranged outside the front electrode. The invention adopts a simpler two-section electrode structure, and an intermediate section and a cooling system thereof are not required to be inserted between the front electrode and the rear electrode; the air is heated before entering the plasma generator, so that the gas inlet is reduced, and the structure is simplified.

Description

Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plasma generating devices, and particularly relates to a steam plasma generator and a working method thereof.
Background
The high-temperature plasma has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy and high chemical activity, so that the high-temperature plasma is widely applied to the field of environmental protection, such as waste treatment and synthesis gas preparation. At present, air plasmas are used in many cases, but because air contains a large amount of nitrogen, a large amount of nitrogen oxides can be generated in the plasma generation process, and secondary pollution is caused to the environment. The main components of the steam plasma are hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen radicals and high-energy electrons, and the steam plasma does not contain secondary pollutants. Meanwhile, the reaction rate can be greatly accelerated by the free radicals rich in the steam plasma, so that the steam plasma is widely applied to the treatment of hazardous wastes and the preparation of synthesis gas. Unlike air plasma generators, steam plasma generators use steam as a working gas that is in a liquid state at normal temperature, so that the working gas is very prone to condensation before reaching the plasma generator or in contact with the generator itself, condensate droplets are formed, and the condensate droplets entering the arc chamber have a great influence on the power, efficiency, life and the like of the plasma generator.
In patent document US10178750, two independent gas inlets are provided, and in the starting stage, starting gas is introduced through one of the gas inlets to generate an electric arc to preheat the plasma generator, and working gas steam is introduced through the other gas inlet after the whole preheating of the plasma generator is completed. This effectively prevents condensation of the water vapor as it enters the plasma generator.
In patent document CN115175427a, a spiral tube type evaporator is installed at the anode part of a plasma generator to form an evaporation chamber with the anode, a high temperature plasma is generated by a starting gas to preheat the apparatus in a starting stage, and then water for generating working gas vapor is directly introduced into the evaporation chamber and heated to evaporate into vapor. This avoids the problem of condensation of the working gas during delivery, since the vapour is generated inside the plasma generator.
The prior art designs the working gas of the steam plasma generator according to the characteristic of easy condensation, but both the two methods complicate the structure of the plasma generator, such as three-section electrode, two-way air inlet, and the addition of a spiral tube type evaporator. Meanwhile, the first method is also faced with the problem of realizing sufficient preheating, and the second method is not directly introducing gas, so that the flow rate of the working gas cannot be accurately controlled, and unstable operation of the plasma generator is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at solving the problem of complicated structure of the traditional water vapor plasma generator and preventing the water vapor from condensing when entering the plasma generator.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a water vapor plasma generator comprising: the plasma generator comprises a plasma generator shell, a front electrode water spacer, a front electrode water inlet channel, a front electrode water outlet channel, a front electrode wiring terminal, an insulating part, a rear electrode assembly, a rear electrode water inlet pipeline, a rear electrode water outlet pipeline, a vortex generator, an air inlet pipeline, a backflow guide part, a rear electrode wiring terminal and a water and air inlet and outlet connecting part, wherein one end of the rear electrode assembly is in threaded connection with one end of the backflow guide part, the front electrode and the rear electrode are coaxially arranged in the steam plasma generator, the vortex generator is arranged between the front electrode and the insulating part, and the front electrode water spacer is arranged outside the front electrode.
Further, the rear electrode assembly comprises a rear electrode base and a rod-shaped cathode, and the rod-shaped cathode is inlaid on the rear electrode base. The rear electrode base is made of a metal having a high thermal conductivity, such as copper, and the rod-shaped cathode is made of zirconium or hafnium.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a steam plasma generation method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, enabling air to enter a gas heater through a check valve to be heated to 200-250 ℃, and then, introducing the air into a steam plasma generator;
secondly, starting a plasma generator cooling system and a plasma power supply, wherein the plasma generator runs by taking hot air as working gas;
thirdly, when the plasma generator stably operates, water vapor enters the gas heater through the check valve to be heated to the same temperature, and the water vapor is mixed with air and introduced into the plasma generator;
step four, gradually reducing the flow of air and gradually increasing the flow of water vapor at the same time;
and fifthly, reducing the flow rate of the air to 0, and increasing the flow rate of the water vapor to the target flow rate, wherein the plasma generator continuously operates by taking pure water vapor as the working gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the steam plasma generator and the working method thereof, the steam plasma generator adopts a simpler two-section electrode structure, and an intermediate section and a cooling system thereof are not required to be inserted between the front electrode and the rear electrode; the air is heated before entering the plasma generator, so that the water vapor is mixed with the air before entering the plasma generator and is introduced through a gas inlet, the gas inlet is reduced, and the structure is simplified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water vapor plasma generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric schematic view of a water vapor plasma generator according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a working gas working method in the steam plasma generator according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the plasma generator, 2, rear electrode wiring terminal, 3, rear electrode water spacer, 4, backflow guide piece, 5, rear electrode water outlet, 6, insulator, 7, rear electrode assembly, 8, vortex generator, 9, gas inlet, 10, front electrode, 11, plasma generator shell, 12, front electrode water inlet, 13, front electrode water spacer, 14, rear electrode wiring terminal, 15, front electrode water outlet, 16, rear electrode water inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The above-described embodiments are presented in order to provide a thorough and complete disclosure of the present invention, and to provide a more complete and accurate understanding of the scope of the present invention. Terms such as "comprising" and "including" mean that, in addition to having elements that are directly and explicitly recited in the description and claims, the inventive solution does not exclude the presence of other elements not directly or explicitly recited.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the steam plasma generator 1 comprises a plasma generator 1 main body, a rear electrode wiring terminal 14, a rear electrode water spacer 3, a backflow guide 4, a rear electrode water outlet 5, an insulating piece 6, a rear electrode assembly 7, a vortex generator 8, a gas inlet 9, a front electrode 10, a plasma generator shell 11, a front electrode water inlet 12, a front electrode water spacer 13, a rear electrode wiring terminal 14, a front electrode water outlet 15 and a rear electrode water inlet 1616;
as shown in fig. 1, a rear electrode water inlet 16 and a rear electrode water outlet 5 are arranged at the left end of the plasma generator 1, and high-temperature cooling water is used for cooling the rear electrode of the plasma generator 1; the high-temperature cooling water enters from the rear electrode water inlet 16, flows through the rear electrode assembly 7 under the guiding action of the rear electrode water spacer 3 and the backflow guide 4, cools the rear electrode and flows out from the rear electrode water outlet 5; the rear electrode connection terminal 14 is provided on the rear electrode water inlet 16 for connecting to the negative electrode of the power supply of the plasma generator 1. The rear electrode assembly 7 consists of a copper seat and a columnar cathode inlaid on the copper seat, wherein the columnar cathode is made of zirconium or hafnium, so that the corrosion of water vapor to the electrode can be effectively avoided. The rear electrode wiring terminal 14, the rear electrode water spacer 3, the backflow guide 4, the rear electrode water outlet 5 and the rear electrode assembly 7 are connected with each other through threads to form a rear electrode integrated part.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plasma generator housing 11 is disposed at the right end of the plasma generator 1, a front electrode water inlet 12 and a front electrode water outlet 15 are respectively disposed on the plasma generator housing 11, high-temperature cooling water is used for cooling the front electrode 10 of the plasma generator 1, the high-temperature cooling water enters from the front electrode water inlet 12, flows through the front electrode 10 under the guiding action of a front electrode water spacer 13, cools the front electrode 10 and flows out from the rear electrode water outlet 5. The front electrode 10 connection terminal is arranged on the plasma generator housing 11 for connection to the positive pole of the power supply of the plasma generator 1. The plasma generator shell 11, the front electrode water inlet 12, the front electrode water outlet 15, the front electrode water spacer 13, the front electrode 10 and the front electrode 10 wiring terminals are connected with each other by threads to form a front electrode 10 integrated piece.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the front electrode 10 integrated member and the rear electrode integrated member are connected by an insulating member 6, and the insulating member 6 is made of polyimide. The two ends of the insulating piece 6 are flange structures, and are respectively connected with the front electrode 10 integrated piece and the rear electrode integrated piece through bolts. A gas inlet 9 is provided in the insulator 6 for introducing the starting gas and the working gas of the plasma generator 1. The vortex generator 8 is arranged between the front electrode 10 integrated piece and the rear electrode integrated piece, 6-12 circular small holes are formed in the tangential direction of the vortex generator 8, the gas channel of the insulating piece 6 and the axes of the circular small holes are on the same straight line, and the gas directly passes through the tangential small holes of the vortex generator 8 after entering the plasma generator 1 from the gas channel of the insulating piece 6, so that vortex is formed.
As shown in fig. 3, a water vapor plasma generating method includes the steps of:
1: the air enters a gas heater through a check valve to be heated to 200-250 ℃, and then is introduced into a steam plasma generator 1;
2: starting a cooling system of the plasma generator 1, and starting a plasma power supply, wherein the plasma generator 1 operates by taking hot air as working gas;
3: after the plasma generator 1 stably operates, water vapor enters a gas heater through a check valve to be heated to the same temperature, and is mixed with air and introduced into the plasma generator 1;
4: gradually reducing the flow rate of air and gradually increasing the flow rate of water vapor;
5: the flow rate of the air is reduced to 0, and the flow rate of the water vapor is increased to the target flow rate, and at this time, the plasma generator 1 is continuously operated with pure water vapor as the working gas.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the traditional steam plasma generator has a complex structure, and steam is condensed when entering the plasma generator, so that the use is affected.
The invention adopts a simpler two-section electrode structure, and an intermediate section and a cooling system thereof are not required to be inserted between the front electrode and the rear electrode. The vortex generator 8 is arranged between the front electrode 10 integrated piece and the rear electrode integrated piece, 6-12 circular small holes are formed in the tangential direction of the vortex generator 8, the gas channel of the insulating piece 6 and the axes of the circular small holes are on the same straight line, and the gas directly passes through the tangential small holes of the vortex generator 8 after entering the plasma generator 1 from the gas channel of the insulating piece 6, so that vortex is formed. The air is heated before entering the plasma generator, so that the water vapor is mixed with the air before entering the plasma generator and is introduced through a gas inlet, the gas inlet is reduced, and the structure is simplified.
The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented by those skilled in the art without limiting the scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications that are made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A steam plasma generator comprises a plasma generator (1) main body, a rear electrode wiring terminal (14), a rear electrode water spacer (3), a backflow guide piece (4), a rear electrode water outlet (5), an insulating piece (6), a rear electrode assembly (7), a vortex generator (8), a gas inlet (9), a front electrode (10), a plasma generator shell (11), a front electrode water inlet (12), a front electrode water spacer (13), a rear electrode wiring terminal (14), a front electrode water outlet (15) and a rear electrode water inlet (16);
the method is characterized in that: the left end of the plasma generator (1) is provided with a rear electrode water inlet (16) and a rear electrode water outlet (5), high-temperature cooling water enters from the rear electrode water inlet (16), flows through a rear electrode assembly (7) under the guiding action of a rear electrode water spacer (3) and a backflow guide piece (4), cools a rear electrode and flows out from the rear electrode water outlet (5); the rear electrode wiring terminal (14) is arranged on the rear electrode water inlet (16) and is used for being connected with the negative electrode of the power supply of the plasma generator (1);
the right end of the plasma generator (1) is provided with a plasma generator shell (11), a front electrode water inlet (12) and a front electrode water outlet (15) are respectively arranged on the plasma generator shell (11), high-temperature cooling water enters from the front electrode water inlet (12), flows through the front electrode (10) under the guiding action of a front electrode water spacer (13), cools the front electrode (10) and flows out from the rear electrode water outlet (5);
the front electrode (10) wiring terminal is arranged on the plasma generator shell (11) and is used for being connected with the positive electrode of the power supply of the plasma generator (1);
the gas inlet (9) is arranged on the insulating piece (6) and is used for introducing starting gas and working gas of the plasma generator (1); the gas enters the plasma generator (1) through the gas channel of the insulating piece (6) and then directly passes through the tangential small holes of the vortex generator (8) to form vortex.
2. A water vapor plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the rear electrode assembly (7) comprises a rear electrode base and a rod-shaped cathode, and the rod-shaped cathode is inlaid on the rear electrode base; the rear electrode base is made of copper; the rod-shaped cathode is made of zirconium or hafnium.
3. A water vapor plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 wherein: one end of the rear electrode assembly (7) is connected with one end of the backflow guide piece (4) through threads, and is connected with the rear electrode water spacer (3) through threads to form a rear electrode integrated piece.
4. A water vapor plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 wherein: one end of the rear electrode water spacer bush (3) is provided with a threaded hole for installing a rear electrode water inlet connecting piece, and a rear electrode wiring terminal (14) is installed on the rear electrode water inlet connecting piece.
5. A water vapor plasma generator as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the front electrode water spacer (13) is arranged outside the front electrode (10), is connected with the plasma generator shell (11) through threads, and forms a front electrode (10) integrated piece; the front electrode (10) terminal is mounted on the plasma generator housing (11).
6. A water vapor plasma generator as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the front electrode (10) integrated piece is connected with the rear electrode integrated piece through an insulating piece (6), the insulating piece (6) is made of insulating materials PI and is flange-shaped, threaded holes are formed in two end faces of the insulating piece (6), and the front electrode (10) and the rear electrode are connected through bolts respectively.
7. A water vapor plasma generator as recited in claim 5, wherein: the vortex generator (8) is arranged between the front electrode (10) integrated piece and the rear electrode integrated piece, 6-12 circular small holes are formed in the tangential direction of the vortex generator (8), and the gas channel of the insulating piece (6) and the axis of each circular small hole are in the same straight line.
8. A method for generating steam plasma, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: air enters a gas heater through a check valve to be heated to 200-250 ℃, and then is introduced into a steam plasma generator (1);
s2: starting a cooling system of the plasma generator (1), and starting a plasma power supply, wherein the plasma generator (1) operates by taking hot air as working gas;
s3: when the plasma generator (1) stably operates, water vapor enters the gas heater through the check valve to be heated to the same temperature, and is mixed with air and introduced into the plasma generator (1);
s4: gradually reducing the flow rate of air and gradually increasing the flow rate of water vapor;
s5: the flow rate of the air is reduced to 0, and the flow rate of the water vapor is increased to the target flow rate, and at this time, the plasma generator (1) is continuously operated with pure water vapor as the working gas.
CN202310210779.9A 2023-03-07 2023-03-07 Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof Pending CN116321653A (en)

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CN202310210779.9A CN116321653A (en) 2023-03-07 2023-03-07 Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310210779.9A CN116321653A (en) 2023-03-07 2023-03-07 Water vapor plasma generator and working method thereof

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CN116321653A true CN116321653A (en) 2023-06-23

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2441353C1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-01-27 Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИТПМ СО РАН) Electroarc plasmatron with steam-vortex arc stabilisation
KR101174284B1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-08-17 에스비엠 주식회사 Steam plasma torch apparatus
CN208724246U (en) * 2018-06-26 2019-04-09 加拿大艾浦莱斯有限公司 The high enthalpy high power D C of compact is non-to turn arc plasma torch
CN110677974A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-10 四川轻化工大学 Plasma generator
CN111586954A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-25 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Method for generating water vapor plasma
CN111642050A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-09-08 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Steam plasma generating system and monitoring system thereof
CN212034421U (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-11-27 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Water vapor plasma generator
CN212034422U (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-11-27 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Plasma generator
CN115175427A (en) * 2022-07-21 2022-10-11 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 Water vapor plasma generator and implementation method thereof

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2441353C1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-01-27 Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИТПМ СО РАН) Electroarc plasmatron with steam-vortex arc stabilisation
KR101174284B1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-08-17 에스비엠 주식회사 Steam plasma torch apparatus
CN208724246U (en) * 2018-06-26 2019-04-09 加拿大艾浦莱斯有限公司 The high enthalpy high power D C of compact is non-to turn arc plasma torch
CN110677974A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-01-10 四川轻化工大学 Plasma generator
CN111586954A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-25 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Method for generating water vapor plasma
CN111642050A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-09-08 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Steam plasma generating system and monitoring system thereof
CN212034421U (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-11-27 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Water vapor plasma generator
CN212034422U (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-11-27 江苏帕斯玛环境科技有限公司 Plasma generator
CN115175427A (en) * 2022-07-21 2022-10-11 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 Water vapor plasma generator and implementation method thereof

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