CN116318480A - Spectrum sensing method, device and equipment - Google Patents
Spectrum sensing method, device and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
The invention provides a frequency spectrum sensing method, a frequency spectrum sensing device and frequency spectrum sensing equipment, which relate to the field of communication, and the frequency spectrum sensing method comprises the following steps: acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points; determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points; and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error. The method can effectively improve the frequency spectrum sensing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a spectrum sensing method, apparatus, and device.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, various new wireless communication systems, such as terminal-to-terminal communication systems, are continuously emerging. This has led to an explosive increase in the number of terminals accessing the radio spectrum, greatly increasing the demand for radio spectrum resources. The cognitive radio technology is an effective technology for realizing dynamic spectrum access. In cognitive radio, in order to avoid interference of a new wireless communication system to an existing wireless communication system, a spectrum sensing method is often adopted to sense whether a channel is occupied.
In the related art, in order to realize high-performance detection, spectrum sensing methods such as an energy detection method, a covariance matrix method and the like are mainly adopted to sense whether a channel is occupied, but more sampling samples are needed in the sensing process, and when the sampling samples are fewer, weak changes of signals in the channel cannot be effectively detected, so that whether the channel is occupied cannot be accurately sensed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a frequency spectrum sensing method, a frequency spectrum sensing device and frequency spectrum sensing equipment.
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spectrum sensing method, including:
acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points;
determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference value between the channel frequency points;
and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
Further, the determining the frequency domain residual according to the energy value of the channel frequency point includes:
obtaining a high-pass filtering signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model; the graph high-pass filter model is used for extracting difference characteristics between an authorized occupied channel and an unauthorized occupied channel;
and determining a frequency domain residual error according to the high-pass filtering signal.
Further, the obtaining a high-pass filtering signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model includes:
the high pass filtered signal is determined using the following formula:
wherein H represents a graph high-pass filter model, f represents graph signal vectors corresponding to energy values of N channel frequency points,
representing a high pass filtered signal.
Further, the determining a frequency domain residual from the high pass filtered signal includes:
the frequency domain residual is determined using the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the frequency domain residual,/->
Representing a high pass filtered signal, L representing a graph laplace matrix.
Further, the determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error includes:
determining that channels which are authorized to be occupied exist in the N channels under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is larger than a first threshold value;
and under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, determining that all N channels are unoccupied.
Further, after determining that there is a channel authorized to be occupied in the N channels, the method further includes:
step a, energy values of all channel frequency points are arranged in a descending order, and a first set and the number X of channels in the first set are determined; the first set is used for storing channels to be subjected to spectrum sensing;
step b, determining the maximum value of the energy comparison model and the value M of the first parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the energy comparison model according to any value in the range of the number X of the channels of the first parameter value; the energy comparison model is used for calculating the intensity of energy change between two groups of frequency bands;
step c, determining that all channels in the first set are unoccupied under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value;
under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, determining that the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set are authorized to be occupied and storing the channels into the second set; the second set is used for storing the determined channels authorized to be occupied; deleting the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set, arranging the rest channels in a descending order according to energy values, and updating the first set and the number X of the channels in the first set;
and d, repeating the steps b-c until the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, and determining the channels in the second set as authorized occupied channels.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a spectrum sensing apparatus, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring energy values of the N channel frequency points;
the determining module is used for determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference value between the channel frequency points;
and the sensing module is used for determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the spectrum sensing method according to the first aspect when executing the program.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the spectrum sensing method according to the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the spectrum sensing method according to the first aspect.
According to the frequency spectrum sensing method, the frequency spectrum sensing device and the frequency spectrum sensing equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the frequency domain residual error is determined according to the energy value of the channel frequency point, the change intensity of energy between channels can be effectively determined by analyzing the frequency domain residual error, and the weak change of signals in the channels can be effectively detected, so that whether the channels are occupied can be accurately determined. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can judge whether a plurality of frequency points are occupied or not at one time, so that the frequency spectrum sensing efficiency is effectively improved; in addition, weak changes among channels can be effectively detected based on a frequency domain residual error mode, so that accurate sensing of channel occupation conditions under the condition of fewer sampling samples is realized, channel sensing requirements under the condition of fewer sampling samples in a complex scene are met, and spectrum sensing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a spectrum sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is another flow chart of a spectrum sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum sensing simulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to spectrum sensing scenes, and the spectrum sensing efficiency is improved.
In the related art, in order to realize high-performance detection, spectrum sensing methods such as an energy detection method, a covariance matrix method and the like are mainly adopted to sense whether a channel is occupied, but more sampling samples are needed in the sensing process, and when the sampling samples are fewer, weak changes of signals in the channel cannot be effectively detected, so that whether the channel is occupied cannot be accurately sensed.
According to the frequency spectrum sensing method, the frequency domain residual error is determined according to the energy value of the channel frequency point, the change intensity of energy between channels can be effectively determined by analyzing the frequency domain residual error, and weak change of signals in the channels can be effectively detected, so that whether the channels are occupied can be accurately determined. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can judge whether a plurality of frequency points are occupied or not at one time, so that the frequency spectrum sensing efficiency is effectively improved; in addition, weak changes among channels can be effectively detected based on a frequency domain residual error mode, so that accurate sensing of channel occupation conditions under the condition of fewer sampling samples is realized, channel sensing requirements under the condition of fewer sampling samples in a complex scene are met, and spectrum sensing efficiency is improved.
The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 5. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a spectrum sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method provided in this embodiment includes:
specifically, in the existing spectrum sensing method, whether an authorized user occupies a channel is judged mainly by detecting signal energy or covariance matrix in the channel, more sampling sample numbers are needed in the sensing process, and weak changes of signals in the channel cannot be effectively detected when the sampling sample numbers are fewer, so that whether the channel is occupied cannot be accurately sensed. In practical applications, however, due to the complexity of the channel propagation characteristics, higher performance detection needs to be achieved with a smaller number of sample samples, which presents new challenges for spectrum sensing.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of (N) channel frequency points to be subjected to spectrum sensing are first determined. Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, after determining N channel frequency points to be subjected to spectrum sensing, energy of each channel frequency point may be measured in one sensing time slot; optionally, the number of sampling samples of each channel in the sensing time slot is 100, and the number of sampling samples can be determined according to the actual scene, so that N energy values of one sensing time slot are measured.
102, determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points;
specifically, after the energy values of the N channel frequency points are obtained, in the embodiment of the invention, the frequency domain residual error is determined according to the energy values of the channel frequency points, that is, the energy difference between the adjacent channel frequency points is determined, and then the weak change of the energy between the channels can be effectively detected by analyzing the frequency domain residual error, so that whether each channel is occupied can be accurately determined.
Specifically, after determining the frequency domain residuals, it is possible to accurately determine whether each channel is occupied by analyzing the frequency domain residuals. Optionally, in the case that the frequency domain residual is smaller than a preset value, indicating that the energy change between channels is smaller, indicating that the channels are unoccupied; if the frequency domain residual is greater than the preset value, the energy variation among the channels is larger, that is, occupied channels exist in the N channels. Optionally, in the related art, only one channel is sensed at a time in the process of sensing the channel, that is, the occupation condition of the frequency points needs to be judged one by one.
According to the method, the frequency domain residual error is determined according to the energy value of the channel frequency point, the change intensity of the energy between the channels can be effectively determined by analyzing the frequency domain residual error, and the weak change of the signal in the channel can be effectively detected, so that whether the channel is occupied can be accurately determined. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention can judge whether a plurality of frequency points are occupied or not at one time, so that the frequency spectrum sensing efficiency is effectively improved; in addition, weak changes among channels can be effectively detected based on a frequency domain residual error mode, so that accurate sensing of channel occupation conditions under the condition of fewer sampling samples is realized, channel sensing requirements under the condition of fewer sampling samples in a complex scene are met, and spectrum sensing efficiency is improved.
In an embodiment, determining the frequency domain residual according to the energy value of the channel frequency point includes:
obtaining a high-pass filtering signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model; the high-pass filter model is used for extracting difference characteristics between the authorized occupied channel and the unauthorized occupied channel;
a frequency domain residual is determined from the high pass filtered signal.
Specifically, after the energy values of the N channel frequency points are obtained, the embodiment of the invention can construct a graph signal vector by using the measured energy values of the N channel frequency points, and record the graph signal vector as
，/>
Is +.>
：
wherein ,
representing the energy measured at the 1 st channel frequency bin, +.>
Is indicated at +.>
Measuring the obtained energy of each channel frequency point, < >>
Is indicated at +.>
Measuring the obtained energy from the frequency point of the 1 st channel to the 1 st channel>
The channel frequency points are arranged in ascending or descending order according to the carrier frequency of the channel frequency points; and then, the energy values of N channel frequency points in the image signal vector are input into the image high-pass filter model, so that the difference features among channels can be extracted through the image high-pass filter model, the mutation features can be filtered and extracted, the difference between the channels occupied by authorized users and the channels not occupied by authorized users can be effectively highlighted, the weak change among the channels can be effectively detected, and therefore, the spectrum sensing can be accurately carried out under the condition of less sample numbers.
Alternatively, the graph high-pass filter model may be determined based on:
firstly, constructing a graph signal model of a channel frequency point
,/>
, wherein ,/>
Representing +.>
A set of individual channel frequency points, +.>
，/>
Corresponds to the 1 st channel frequency point, the 2 nd channel frequency point, …, the +.>
Frequency point of each channel, …, th->
The frequency points of the channels are selected,
；/>
representing the dimension +.>
Edge matrix of>
，/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
Corresponding representation->
Elements of row 1 and column 1 in (a)>
Line 1->
Column element->
Line 1->
Column element->
Middle->
Elements of column 1,
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Column 1 element row,/->
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Line->
Column element, when->
The absolute value of the difference between the two values in the element subscript is not more than +.>
If the element is 1, otherwise the element is 0, wherein ∈>
；
Representing the dimension +.>
Weight matrix of>
，
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
、/>
Corresponding representation->
Elements of row 1 and column 1 in (a)>
Line 1->
Column element->
Line 1->
Column element->
Middle->
Column 1 element row,/->
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Column 1 element row,/->
Middle->
Line->
Column element->
Middle->
Line->
Column element, when->
Times->
When->
Times->
。
Then, use the dimension as
Is>
To represent the network topology of the graph signal model, +.>
, wherein ,/>
Representing dimension as +.>
Degree matrix of (2), degree matrix->
Is a diagonal matrix of the type,
，/>
is->
The elements of column 1 and row 1 in (A) are also +.>
Element 1 on the main diagonal of (a), +.>
Is->
Middle->
Line->
The column elements are also->
Is +.>
The number of elements to be added to the composition,
is->
Middle->
Line->
The column elements are also->
Is +.>
The number of elements to be added to the composition,
。
finally, the dimension can be generated as
Is a picture high-pass filter->
，/>
。
According to the method, the difference features among the channels are extracted through the graph high-pass filter model, so that the mutation features can be filtered and extracted, the difference between the channels occupied by the authorized user and the channels not occupied by the authorized user can be effectively highlighted, weak changes among the channels can be effectively detected, and further under the condition of fewer sampling samples, spectrum sensing can be more accurately carried out according to the highlighted difference between the occupied channels and the unoccupied channels.
In an embodiment, obtaining a high-pass filtered signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model includes:
the high pass filtered signal is determined using the following formula:
wherein H represents a graph high-pass filter model, f represents graph signal vectors corresponding to energy values of N channel frequency points,
representing a high pass filtered signal.
In particular, it is possible to
Determining a high-pass filtering signal, wherein H represents a graph high-pass filter model, and f represents graph signal vectors corresponding to energy values of N channel frequency points, namely +.>
，/>
Representing a high-pass filtered signal, i.e. will +.>
Pass-through-diagram high-pass filter->
The high-pass filtered signal of the picture is marked as +.>
，/>
； wherein ,/>
Is +.>
。
According to the method, the difference characteristics between the channels can be effectively extracted by constructing the graph high-pass filter model, so that the occupied channel and the unoccupied channel can be more effectively distinguished based on the signals output by the graph high-pass filter model, spectrum sensing can be more accurately performed, and the spectrum sensing efficiency is improved; and the filtering operation of the graph high-pass filter model is performed on the vertex domain, so that graph Fourier transform and graph inverse Fourier transform operations are not needed in the data processing process, the calculation time is saved, and the extraction efficiency of difference features between channels and the channel sensing efficiency are improved.
In an embodiment, determining the frequency domain residual from the high pass filtered signal comprises:
the frequency domain residual is determined using the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the frequency domain residual,/->
Representing a high pass filtered signal, L representing a graph laplace matrix.
In particular, it is possible to
Determining a frequency domain residual, wherein, ">
"means a transpose operation. The difference between the channel occupied by the authorized user and the channel not occupied by the authorized user can be effectively highlighted through the frequency domain residual error, and the letter is effectively detectedThe weak change between channels, and thus the spectrum sensing can be more accurately performed according to the difference between the highlighted occupied channel and the unoccupied channel under the condition of less sampling samples.
In an embodiment, determining whether a channel is occupied based on the frequency domain residual comprises:
under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is larger than a first threshold value, determining that channels which are authorized to occupy exist in the N channels;
and under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, determining that all N channels are unoccupied.
Specifically, after determining the frequency domain residuals, it is possible to accurately determine whether each channel is occupied by analyzing the frequency domain residuals. Optionally, under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, the characteristic difference and the energy difference between the channel frequency points are smaller, and the channels are unoccupied; in case the frequency domain residual is larger than the first threshold, it is indicated that the inter-channel energy variation is large, i.e. that there are occupied channels among the N channels.
For example, determine the frequency domain residual
Whether the channel frequency point is occupied is judged if the channel frequency point is occupied; if not, judging that all the channel frequency points are not occupied, and ending the spectrum sensing process; wherein (1)>
As the threshold value, the real number with the value larger than 0 is required to be determined according to the actual environment, the number of channels and the noise environment simulation.
According to the method, whether each channel is occupied or not is accurately determined by analyzing the frequency domain residual error, and if the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to the first threshold value, the characteristic difference and the energy difference between the frequency points of the channels are smaller, and if the frequency domain residual error is smaller, the channels are unoccupied; in case the frequency domain residual is larger than the first threshold, it is indicated that the inter-channel energy variation is large, i.e. that there are occupied channels among the N channels. That is, the method of the embodiment of the invention can judge whether the plurality of frequency points are occupied at one time, and when all the channel frequency points are not occupied, the judging result can be obtained at one time; when part of the channel frequency points are occupied, the specific occupied channel frequency points can be continuously detected, and the sensing efficiency of the frequency spectrum is improved.
In an embodiment, after determining that there is a channel authorized to be occupied in the N channels, the method further includes:
step a, energy values of all channel frequency points are arranged in a descending order, and a first set and the number X of channels in the first set are determined; the first set is used for storing channels to be subjected to spectrum sensing;
step b, determining the maximum value of the energy comparison model and the value M of the first parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the energy comparison model according to any value in the range of the number X of the channels of the first parameter value;
step c, under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, determining that all channels in the first set are unoccupied;
under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, determining that the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set are authorized to be occupied and storing the channels into the second set; the second set is used for storing the determined channels authorized to be occupied; deleting the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set, arranging the rest channels in a descending order according to energy values, and updating the first set and the number X of the channels in the first set;
and d, repeating the steps b-c until the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, and determining the channels in the second set as authorized occupied channels.
Specifically, after determining that there are channels of the N channels that are authorized to be occupied, i.e., in the case that the frequency domain residual is greater than a first threshold, step a) is first performed by filtering the high-pass filtered signal
Is->
The absolute values of the individual elements are in order of magnitudeOrdering, and then ordering to obtain +.>
The absolute value of the individual value is recorded as +.>
, wherein 
、/>
、/>
、/>
Corresponds to the 1 st energy value after sequencing, the 2 nd energy value after sequencing and the 2 nd energy value after sequencing
Energy value, ordered +.>
Energy value->
，/>
This is->
The individual energy values form a set->
。
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first set
For storing channels to be spectrally perceived and letting the first set + ->
The initial value is +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let->
Represents a positive integer and let->
An initial value of 1; let->
Representing a second set, ++>
Representation->
The set of energy values of the occupied channel frequency points in (a) and let +.>
The initial value of (1) is an empty set; the second set is for storing the determined channels authorized to be occupied.
Optionally, the first set
Denoted as->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then pair->
Each energy value in (1) is normalized and will
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
Will->
Values obtained after normalizationIs marked as
Will->
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
Will->
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
； wherein ,/>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of>
Representation of
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of (1) first set->
For initial value->
Time->
Namely +.>
、
Namely +.>
、/>
Namely +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Optionally +.>
，/>
，/>
，/>
； wherein ,/>
，
Representation->
The%>
Energy values.
Step b) is then performed: let the first parameter
Representing a positive integer, calculating->
At->
To->
In the case of values in the range, the energy comparison model is made +.>
First parameter when maximum is taken->
Is calculated as the first parameter +.>
The value of (2) is marked->
； wherein 
，/>
，/>
Is a positive integer>
，/>
Representation of
The middle serial number is->
The energy value of (2) is normalized to obtain a value;
step c) is then performed: judging whether the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a set threshold value
Wherein the energy comparison model is +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The energy comparison model is used for calculating the intensity of energy change between two groups of frequency bands of the channel; if->
At->
To->
Under the condition of taking the value in the range, the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than the set threshold value +.>
Then determine the first set
The channel frequency point corresponding to the energy value in the spectrum sensing process is not occupied, and the spectrum sensing process is ended; otherwise, determine the first set +.>
Middle frequency band->
To the serial number->
Energy value of +.>
The corresponding channel frequency points are occupied, and then the frequency band is +.>
To the serial number->
Energy value of +.>
The corresponding channel frequency points are added into the second set
In, then let->
Returning to the step b and the step c to perform the next iteration; wherein (1)>
In "=" is an assignment symbol, and threshold +.>
Is 60, which can be obtained by a number of experiments. The method of the embodiment of the invention can realize higher-performance detection by using fewer sampling samples, and can obtain the channel frequency point position occupied by the authorized user.
According to the method, the intensity of energy change between two groups of frequency bands of the channel is calculated through the energy comparison model, and when the calculated maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, namely the maximum intensity of energy change between the two groups of frequency bands is still smaller than the second threshold value, the channels in the first set are determined to be unoccupied; when the calculated maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, that is, when the intensity of the energy change between the two groups of frequency bands is maximum, if the calculated maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the calculated maximum value of the energy comparison model indicates that the channel frequency points in the first frequency band in the first set are occupied; and then all occupied channels in the N channel frequency points can be accurately determined through iterative operation.
By way of example, the spectrum sensing method in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 2,
step 1: assume that the number of channel frequency points to be subjected to spectrum sensing is
, wherein />
In this embodiment +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cognitive radio receiver measures the energy of each channel frequency point in a sensing time slot by using the prior art, and the common measurement obtains the +.>
Energy value and using the measured +.>
Energy value structure map signal vector, denoted +.>
。
Step 2: construction of graph signal model of channel frequency point
,/>
By dimension +.>
Is>
To represent the network topology of the graph signal model, +.>
, wherein ,/>
Representing dimension as +.>
Degree matrix of (2), degree matrix->
Is a diagonal matrix.
Step 3: design dimension of
Is a picture high-pass filter->
，/>
Will->
Pass-through-diagram high-pass filter->
The high-pass filtered signal of the picture is marked as +.>
，/>
； wherein ,/>
Is +.>
。
Step 4: calculating a frequency domain residual error, denoted as
Wherein, "-is->
"is a transpose operation.
Step 5: judging
If so, judging that the channel frequency point is occupied, and then executing the step 6; if not, judging that all the channel frequency points are not occupied, and ending the spectrum sensing process; wherein (1)>
As the threshold, it takes a real number greater than 0, in this embodiment +.>
。
Step 6: vector is then added
Is->
The absolute values of the individual elements are sorted in order from the top to the bottom, and the sorted +.>
The absolute value of the individual value is recorded as +.>
, wherein />
、/>
、/>
、/>
Corresponds to the 1 st energy value after sequencing, the 2 nd energy value after sequencing, the +.>
Energy value, ordered +.>
Energy value->
，/>
This is->
The set of individual energy values is denoted +.>
，/>
。
Order the
Representing the set of energy values of the channel frequency points for which no occupied space has been found, and letting +.>
The initial value is +.>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Let->
Represents a positive integer and let->
An initial value of 1; let->
Representation->
The set of energy values of the occupied channel frequency points in (a) and let +.>
The initial value of (1) is the empty set.
Will be
Denoted as->
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then to
The energy values of (a) are normalized and +.>
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
Will->
The value obtained after normalization treatment is recorded as
Will->
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
Will->
The value obtained after normalization treatment is marked as +.>
； wherein ,/>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of>
Representation of
The middle serial number is->
Energy value of>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
Is used for the energy value of (a),
representation->
The middle serial number is->
When->
For initial value->
Time->
Namely +.>
、
Namely +.>
、/>
Namely +.>
；
Order the
Representing a positive integer, calculating->
At->
To->
In the case of values in the range, the energy comparison formula +.>
When the maximum value is obtained
Is calculated to be +.>
The value of (2) is marked->
； wherein ,/>
，/>
，
Is a positive integer>
，/>
Representation->
The middle serial number is->
The energy value of (2) is normalized to obtain a value;
step 7:
judging
Whether the calculated value of (2) is smaller than the set threshold +.>
If yes, then determine ++>
The channel frequency point corresponding to the energy value in the spectrum sensing process is not occupied, and the spectrum sensing process is ended; otherwise, judge
Middle->
To the serial number->
Energy value of (2)
The respective corresponding channel frequency point is occupied and then +.>
To the serial number->
Energy value of +.>
The corresponding channel frequency points are added with +.>
In, then let->
Returning to the step 6 to perform the next iteration; wherein (1)>
In "=" is an assignment symbol, and threshold +.>
Is 60, which is obtained by a number of experiments. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the graph signal model of the channel frequency points is established, and the distance between the channel frequency points is considered, so that the frequency domain residual error is utilized in the spectrum sensing process, and a more accurate spectrum sensing result is obtained.
According to the spectrum sensing method, a graph signal vector of a graph signal model is obtained according to energy values measured from channel frequency points in a sensing time slot; when constructing a graph signal model, firstly constructing an edge matrix and a weight matrix by utilizing the distance of channel frequency points, then constructing the graph signal model, and calculating the network topology structure of the graph signal model; determining a graph high-pass filter according to the network topology structure, and processing graph signal vectors by using the graph high-pass filter to obtain an output signal; calculating a frequency domain residual error of an energy value according to the output signal; judging whether channel frequency points are occupied by authorized users according to the frequency domain residual errors; if the channel frequency points are occupied by authorized users according to the judging result, sorting and normalizing the energy values of the channel frequency points, maximizing an energy value comparison formula, if the maximum value of the energy value comparison formula is larger than a threshold value, judging that the corresponding channel frequency points are occupied by the authorized users, removing the corresponding energy values, and re-normalizing the residual energy values to enter the next iteration until the maximum value of the energy value comparison formula is smaller than the threshold value; the method has the advantages that all the channel frequency points can be rapidly judged to be unoccupied by authorized users, and when part of the channel frequency points are occupied, the occupied channel frequency points can be judged.
The feasibility and effectiveness of the method of the invention is further illustrated by simulation below. In the simulation experiment, assuming that 10 channel frequency points are occupied by authorized users, the sampling sample number of each time slot is 100, 20000 Monte Carlo simulation experiments are carried out, and in each Monte Carlo simulation experiment, the channel frequency points occupied by the authorized users are selected from 100 channel frequency points with medium probability. Fig. 3 shows a graph of the probability of detection with the signal-to-noise ratio using the method and the energy detection method of the present invention. The energy detection method sets the uncertainty of the noise power to 0.2 dB, namely, the uncertainty is increased by 0.2 dB on the basis of the real noise power when a decision threshold is set, and the uncertainty is taken as the upper limit of the known noise power. The method of the present invention does not require knowledge of the noise power information. As can be seen from fig. 3, the method of the present invention has a higher probability of detection than the energy detection method.
The spectrum sensing device provided by the invention is described below, and the spectrum sensing device described below and the spectrum sensing method described above can be referred to correspondingly.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a spectrum sensing device provided by the present invention. The spectrum sensing device provided in this embodiment includes:
an acquisition module 410, configured to acquire energy values of N channel frequency points;
a determining module 420, configured to determine a frequency domain residual according to an energy value of a channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points;
the sensing module 430 is configured to determine whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual.
Optionally, the determining module 420 is specifically configured to: obtaining a high-pass filtering signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model; the high-pass filter model is used for extracting difference characteristics between the authorized occupied channel and the unauthorized occupied channel;
a frequency domain residual is determined from the high pass filtered signal.
Optionally, the determining module 420 is specifically configured to: the high pass filtered signal is determined using the following formula:
wherein H represents a graph high-pass filter model, f represents graph signal vectors corresponding to energy values of N channel frequency points,
representing a high pass filtered signal.
Optionally, the determining module 420 is specifically configured to: the frequency domain residual is determined using the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the frequency domain residual,/->
Representing a high pass filtered signal, L representing a graph laplace matrix.
Optionally, the sensing module 430 is specifically configured to: under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is larger than a first threshold value, determining that channels which are authorized to occupy exist in the N channels;
and under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, determining that all N channels are unoccupied.
Optionally, the sensing module 430 is further configured, after determining that there are channels authorized to be occupied in the N channels:
step a, energy values of all channel frequency points are arranged in a descending order, and a first set and the number X of channels in the first set are determined; the first set is used for storing channels to be subjected to spectrum sensing;
step b, determining the maximum value of the energy comparison model and the value M of the first parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the energy comparison model according to any value in the range of the number X of the channels of the first parameter value; the energy comparison model is used for calculating the intensity of energy change between two groups of frequency bands;
step c, under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, determining that all channels in the first set are unoccupied;
under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, determining that the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set are authorized to be occupied and storing the channels into the second set; the second set is used for storing the determined channels authorized to be occupied; deleting the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set, arranging the rest channels in a descending order according to energy values, and updating the first set and the number X of the channels in the first set;
and d, repeating the steps b-c until the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, and determining the channels in the second set as authorized occupied channels.
The device of the embodiment of the present invention is configured to perform the method of any of the foregoing method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and are not described in detail herein.
Fig. 5 illustrates a physical schematic diagram of an electronic device, which may include: processor 510, communication interface (Communications Interface) 520, memory 530, and communication bus 540, wherein processor 510, communication interface 520, memory 530 complete communication with each other through communication bus 540. Processor 510 may invoke logic instructions in memory 530 to perform a spectrum sensing method comprising: acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points; determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points; and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
Further, the logic instructions in the memory 530 described above may be implemented in the form of software functional units and may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions which, when executed by a computer, are capable of performing the spectrum sensing method provided by the above methods, the method comprising: acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points; determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points; and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
In yet another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the above-provided spectrum sensing methods, the method comprising: acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points; determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference between the channel frequency points; and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course may be implemented by means of hardware. Based on this understanding, the foregoing technical solution may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method described in the respective embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of spectrum sensing, comprising:
acquiring energy values of N channel frequency points;
determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference value between the channel frequency points;
and determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
2. The method of spectrum sensing according to claim 1, wherein determining a frequency domain residual from energy values of the channel frequency points comprises:
obtaining a high-pass filtering signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model; the graph high-pass filter model is used for extracting difference characteristics between an authorized occupied channel and an unauthorized occupied channel;
and determining a frequency domain residual error according to the high-pass filtering signal.
3. The spectrum sensing method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining a high-pass filtered signal according to the energy value of each channel frequency point and the graph high-pass filter model includes:
the high pass filtered signal is determined using the following formula:
wherein H represents a graph high-pass filter model, f represents graph signal vectors corresponding to energy values of N channel frequency points,
representing a high pass filtered signal.
4. A method of spectrum sensing according to claim 3, wherein said determining a frequency domain residual from said high pass filtered signal comprises:
the frequency domain residual is determined using the following formula:
wherein ,
representing the frequency domain residual,/->
Representing a high pass filtered signal, L representing a graph laplace matrix.
5. The method of spectrum sensing according to claim 4, wherein determining whether a channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual comprises:
determining that channels which are authorized to be occupied exist in the N channels under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is larger than a first threshold value;
and under the condition that the frequency domain residual error is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, determining that all N channels are unoccupied.
6. The spectrum sensing method of claim 5, further comprising, after determining that there are channels of the N channels that are authorized to be occupied:
step a, energy values of all channel frequency points are arranged in a descending order, and a first set and the number X of channels in the first set are determined; the first set is used for storing channels to be subjected to spectrum sensing;
step b, determining the maximum value of the energy comparison model and the value M of the first parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the energy comparison model according to any value in the range of the number X of the channels of the first parameter value; the energy comparison model is used for calculating the intensity of energy change between two groups of frequency bands;
step c, determining that all channels in the first set are unoccupied under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value;
under the condition that the maximum value of the energy comparison model is greater than or equal to a second threshold value, determining that the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set are authorized to be occupied and storing the channels into the second set; the second set is used for storing the determined channels authorized to be occupied; deleting the 1 st channel to the M-1 st channel in the first set, arranging the rest channels in a descending order according to energy values, and updating the first set and the number X of the channels in the first set;
and d, repeating the steps b-c until the maximum value of the energy comparison model is smaller than a second threshold value, and determining the channels in the second set as authorized occupied channels.
7. A spectrum sensing apparatus, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring energy values of the N channel frequency points;
the determining module is used for determining a frequency domain residual error according to the energy value of the channel frequency point; the frequency domain residual error is used for representing the energy difference value between the channel frequency points;
and the sensing module is used for determining whether the channel is occupied according to the frequency domain residual error.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the spectrum sensing method of any of claims 1 to 6 when the program is executed by the processor.
9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the spectrum sensing method according to any of claims 1 to 6.
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