CN116315694A - Planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with toothed openings - Google Patents

Planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with toothed openings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116315694A
CN116315694A CN202310301478.7A CN202310301478A CN116315694A CN 116315694 A CN116315694 A CN 116315694A CN 202310301478 A CN202310301478 A CN 202310301478A CN 116315694 A CN116315694 A CN 116315694A
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metal
dielectric substrate
circularly polarized
antenna
toothed
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CN202310301478.7A
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杨雪松
马晨杰
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Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of UESTC Huzhou
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Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of UESTC Huzhou
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a toothed opening plane integrated circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna based on a printed circuit board process, and belongs to the field of microwave antennas. The circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2, a lower layer second dielectric substrate 3 and a metallized through hole, wherein the first dielectric substrate 1, the metal floor 2, the lower layer second dielectric substrate 3 and the metallized through hole are closely attached, two rotationally symmetrical toothed opening metal patches 5 are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and angle cutting and toothed opening 7 treatment are carried out on the metal patches; the two rows of metallized through holes are arranged in the first dielectric substrate and are used for connecting the metal patch with the metal floor; the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is a metal bottom plate with a gap 8, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is a rectangular microstrip line 9 serving as a feed structure, the structure is simple, the electric size is small, and the planar integrated structure is easier to process and assemble.

Description

Planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with toothed openings
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to a plane integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with a toothed opening.
Background
With the continued development of modern wireless communication systems, there is a need to achieve more stable communications in complex environments and conditions. The circularly polarized antenna has the remarkable advantages of strong anti-polarization interference capability, strong multi-path fading capability, strong penetrating capability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of radars, satellite communication, global positioning systems and the like. The Kwai-Man Luk teaching in 2006 provides a magneto-electric dipole antenna based on the complementary principle, which has the advantages of broadband, stable and symmetrical directional patterns, low back lobe radiation, low cross polarization and the like, and becomes the optimal choice of a plurality of wireless communication system antennas.
Magneto-electric dipole antennas have the outstanding advantages of high gain, broadband and stable radiation patterns compared to other antennas. Therefore, a circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna has been developed, which mainly forms circular polarization by generating two orthogonal equal-amplitude radiation electric fields with a phase difference of 90 ° between the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole of the magnetic electric dipole.
In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have studied the application of circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antennas. In 2019, J.Sun et al published an article entitled "Wideband Linearly-Polarized and Circularly-Polarized Aperture-Coupled Magneto-Electric Dipole Antennas Fed by Microstrip Line With Electromagnetic Bandgap Surface" on IEEE Access (vol. 7, pp.43084-91, march. 2019) by combining two pairs of all-metal linearly polarized magnetodipoles and adding branches to achieve circularly polarized radiation. The bandwidth of the antenna is 58% (3.44-6.27 GHZ), and the bandwidth of Axial Ratio less than 3dB is 22.5% (3.75-4.7 GHz). And, the authors can effectively suppress the backward radiation by adding an EBG structure to the antenna substrate.
In 2020, Y.F.Wang et al published an article entitled "Wideband Circularly Polarized Magneto-Electric dipoles 1X 2Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications" on IEEE Access (vol. 8, pp.27516-27523, february. 2020), authors achieved circular polarization by chamfering and increasing the branches of the Electric Dipole portion of a magneto-Electric DipoleThe bandwidth is only 9.7% (27.4-30.20). To expand the axial ratio bandwidth authors, a 1×2antenna array was formed, and a 1-to-2 power divider with a 90 ° phase difference based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) was designed as a feed network, and measurement results showed that the axial ratio bandwidth was 24.7%, and the highest gain in band was 10dBic, which was 2.4 times higher than the 3dB AR bandwidth of a single antenna unit. However, the antenna size at this time is already 3.5λ 0 ×3.5λ 0 ×0.14λ 00 A wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna array), the number of antennas that can be placed in a certain space is limited.
2021 L.Q.Wang et al published on IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) (28 November-01December,2021, brisbane, australia) entitled "Design of a Ka-Band Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna With Parasitic Patches and Its Array" this antenna element replaced the rectangular electric dipole of a linearly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with two inverted L-shaped metallic strips to produce circularly polarized radiation. Meanwhile, four parasitic patches are added on the periphery of the electric dipole to optimize the distribution of the far-field orthogonal field, so that a low profile is realized and the circular polarization bandwidth is expanded. Finally, the antenna section is changed from the traditional 0.25λ 0 Greatly reduced to 0.1 lambda 0 And the overlapping bandwidth of the impedance bandwidth and the circular polarization bandwidth can reach 19.8%. However, since the parasitic structure is added, not only the structure of the antenna becomes complicated, but also the size thereof is increased to 1λ 0 ×1λ 0 ×0.1λ 0 For application scenarios with limited space, the antenna is greatly limited.
Therefore, the antenna has been widely paid attention to by students at home and abroad since the proposal, and researchers put forward antenna design schemes with different frequency bands and multiple types on the basis of the antenna, so that the antenna has great application potential in a plurality of fields and has a certain research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plane integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with a toothed opening by utilizing the basic principle of the magnetic dipole. The antenna mainly realizes circular polarization through the novel tooth-shaped opening structure, has smaller overall size, and is convenient for array application due to the planar integrated structure.
The technical problems proposed by the invention are solved as follows:
a plane integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with a toothed opening comprises a first dielectric plate, a metal floor and a second dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric plate, the metal floor and the second dielectric substrate are identical in size and are closely attached from top to bottom;
a pair of toothed opening metal patches which are rotationally symmetrical are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first medium substrate, a certain distance is reserved between the two metal patches, and the metal patches are subjected to branch knot increasing and corner cutting treatment; two rows of metallized through holes are arranged in the first dielectric substrate and are rotationally symmetrical, and the center of symmetry is the center of the dielectric substrate. The metallized through holes penetrate through the toothed opening metal patch and the metal floor and connect the two. In order to ensure that the metal through holes can well connect the toothed opening metal patch and the metal floor, the distance between the two rows of metal through holes is slightly larger than the distance between the two metal patches. A rectangular gap is etched in the right center of the metal floor, and two metal patches are located right above the gap. The edges of the two metal patches cover the gap, so that the width of the gap is larger than the distance between the two metal patches, and the coupling between electromagnetic wave energy penetrating through the gap and the two metal patches is enhanced.
The phase and the direction of current flowing on the metal patches can be effectively changed by carrying out tooth-shaped opening and corner cutting on the pair of tooth-shaped opening metal patches on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate, and the circular polarization radiation performance of the antenna is optimized.
The metal floor is etched with a gap at the right center, is parallel to the long sides of the toothed opening metal patches, and the center point of the gap coincides with the rotation centers of the two toothed opening metal patches, so that the coupling between electromagnetic wave energy penetrating through the gap and the two metal patches is enhanced, and the width of the gap is larger than the interval 6 between the two toothed opening metal patches.
The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip feed structure, the microstrip feed structure is a microstrip line with impedance of 50 ohms, and the microstrip feed structure is positioned in the center of the dielectric substrate, extends from the edge of the dielectric substrate to the position right below a gap of the metal floor, and extends a part of the microstrip feed structure slightly beyond the position of the gap.
A rectangular gap is etched in the metal floor, and energy of the microstrip line can be coupled to the metal via hole in the first dielectric plate and the toothed opening metal patch on the upper layer of the metal via hole through the rectangular gap to excite circularly polarized radiation waves.
The antenna ports all adopt microstrip feed mode, and the input impedance of the ports is 50 ohms.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention is based on the basic principle of the magneto-electric dipole, and utilizes two rows of metal through holes to simulate the hammer metal wall of the all-metal magneto-electric dipole in the first dielectric plate 1, so that equivalent magnetic current can be excited in the two rows of metal through holes. By modifying the shape of the two toothed opening metal patches 5, the current distribution on the metal patches is optimized, so that the current and the equivalent magnetic current can jointly act to generate two electric fields with equal amplitude and quadrature phase difference of 90 degrees, and circular polarization radiation is realized.
(2) The pair of the toothed opening metal patches on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 1 are subjected to toothed opening treatment, so that the current flowing phase can be effectively changed, and the circular polarization radiation performance of the antenna is optimized. The branches are added to the pair of toothed opening metal patches on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 1, so that the first resonant frequency point of the antenna can be adjusted, and the matching of the antenna is optimized. And, the flowing direction of the current on the tooth-shaped opening metal patch 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the branches of the tooth-shaped opening metal patch so that the overall flowing direction of the current is parallel to the long side of the tooth-shaped opening metal patch.
(3) The invention changes the I-type feed structure of the magneto-electric dipole into microstrip line coupling feed, and the feed mode is convenient for processing, integrating and assembling the antenna.
(4) The circular polarized magnetic dipole with the tooth-shaped openings has wider bandwidth and smaller size, is in a plane integrated structure, and is convenient for forming a circular polarized antenna array.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tooth-shaped opening circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of the antenna of fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the upper surface metal layer and the metallized vias of the upper first dielectric substrate of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the intermediate metal layer of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the lower metal layer of the lower second dielectric substrate of FIG. 2;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters and gain of an antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an axial ratio of an antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the current and slot electric field distribution of a metal surface when the antenna of the embodiment is operated at 6.74 GHz;
fig. 9 is a far field radiation pattern for an embodiment of the antenna operating at 6.74 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
The present embodiment provides a planar integrated circular polarized magnetic dipole antenna with a tooth-shaped opening, the overall structure of which is shown in fig. 1, and the side view of which is shown in fig. 2, and the planar integrated circular polarized magnetic dipole antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, a metal floor 2 and a second dielectric substrate 3 which are the same in size and are closely attached from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate 1 is provided with 10 metallized through holes 4 in total, the two rows of metal through holes are rotationally symmetrical, the symmetrical center is the right center of the dielectric substrate, and the metallized through holes penetrate through the toothed opening metal patch 5 and the metal floor 2 and are connected with each other. In order to enable the metal through holes to well connect the toothed opening metal patch 5 and the metal floor 2, the distance between the two rows of metal through holes is slightly larger than the distance 6 between the metal patches. As shown in fig. 3, a top view of the metal layer and the metal through hole on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a pair of toothed opening metal patches 5 which are rotationally symmetrical in the center of the upper surface, and the metal patches are used as a radiation structure of the antenna; a certain distance 6 is arranged between the two metal patches, and tooth-shaped openings, branches and corner cutting treatment 7 are carried out on the metal patches. The metal floor 2 is shown in fig. 4 in plan view, and has a rectangular slit 8 etched in the center thereof, parallel to the long sides 10 of the tooth-shaped opening metal patches, and the center point thereof coincides with the rotation center of the two tooth-shaped opening metal patches. The long sides 10 of the two metal patches cover the gap 8 such that the width of the gap 8 is greater than the spacing 6 between the two metal patches to enhance the coupling of electromagnetic wave energy transmitted through the gap and between the two metal patches. As shown in fig. 5, a top view of the metal layer on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 is shown, and the lower surface is provided with a microstrip feed structure, wherein the microstrip feed structure is a microstrip line 9 with impedance of 50 ohms, and is positioned in the center of the dielectric substrate, extends from the edge of the dielectric substrate to the position right below the slot 8 of the metal floor 2, and extends a part beyond the position of the slot.
The material of the first dielectric substrate 1 is Rogers RO3203, the relative dielectric constant is 3.03, the loss tangent angle is 0.0016, and the thickness is 5.5mm; the material of the second dielectric substrate 2 was Rogers RT5880, the relative dielectric constant was 2.2, the loss tangent angle was 0.0009, and the thickness was 0.5mm; the size of the medium substrates is the same and is 36mm multiplied by 36mm; the size of the rectangular metal patch 5 is 12.5mm multiplied by 5.55mm, the total number of the tooth-shaped openings is 4, the depth is 1.2mm, and the width is 1mm; the distance between the two metal patches is 2mm. The total number of metal through holes in the first dielectric substrate 1 is 10, the radius of the through holes is 0.5mm, and the distance between adjacent through holes is 0.425mm. The length of the rectangular gap on the metal floor 2 is 10mm, and the width is 2.9mm. The open-ended microstrip line in the microstrip feed structure has a width of 2.4mm and a length of 22mm.
The antenna of this embodiment has a size of 0.78λ 0 ×0.78λ 0 ×0.13λ 00 The S parameter simulation result and the gain diagram of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna working frequency band are shown in fig. 6, and the wavelength has two resonance frequency points f l And f h The working frequency band is as follows: the in-band average gain of the antenna was 7.12dBi at 5.65-7.38GHz (relative bandwidth 26.6%). The frequency range with the axial ratio less than 3dB is 6.53-7.22GHz (10%), and the axial ratio diagram of the antenna is shown in figure 7.
The circularly polarized magnetic dipole designed in this embodiment is circularly polarized radiation generated by the combined action of magnetic current and electric current. In this structure, electromagnetic wave energy is coupled to the upper metal patch 5 through the slit of the metal floor, on which current is formed to radiate electromagnetic waves outwards; since two closely spaced rows of metal vias can be considered as two metal walls, a portion of the electromagnetic energy reacts with them to form an equivalent magnetic flow therein. Fig. 8 shows the current distribution on the patch surface and the electric field distribution at the slot when the designed antenna is operated at 6.74 GHz. It can be seen that at t=t/4 and t=3t/4, the two rows of metallized through holes connected to the metal patch are excited, the electric field strength at the gap is the greatest, equivalent to generating magnetic currents in the +y and-y directions, respectively. Whereas at both times t=0 and t=t/2 the electric dipole is excited and the patch surface currents are mainly in the +y and-y directions. It is known that in one cycle, the current and the equivalent magnetic current alternately work in the same direction, with a phase difference of 90 °, thereby generating a circularly polarized radiation wave.
The radiation pattern of the antenna at 6.74GHz is shown in fig. 9. The antenna unit keeps good side-emission characteristics in the whole frequency band, and the cross polarization discrimination (XPD) in the z-axis direction is more than 20dB, so that the antenna unit has good polarization characteristics.
The magneto-electric dipole antenna adopts a novel tooth-shaped opening structure to realize circular polarization, and changes the existing I-shaped feed structure of the magneto-electric dipole antenna into microstrip line coupling feed, and the feed mode is convenient for processing, integration and array assembly of the antenna.
Finally, the circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole has wider bandwidth and smaller size, is in a plane integrated structure, and is convenient for forming a circularly polarized antenna array.

Claims (6)

1. The planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with the toothed openings is characterized by comprising a first dielectric plate (1), a metal floor (2) and a second dielectric substrate (3) which are the same in size and are closely attached from top to bottom;
a pair of toothed opening metal patches (5) which are rotationally symmetrical are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first medium substrate (1), a certain interval (6) is reserved between the two toothed opening metal patches (5), and branch knot increasing and corner cutting treatment (7) are arranged on the toothed opening metal patches (5); 2 rows of metallized through holes (4) which are rotationally symmetrical and have the center of symmetry of the first medium substrate (1) are arranged on the first medium substrate (1), 10 metallized through holes (4) are formed in total, and the metallized through holes (4) penetrate through the toothed opening metal patch (5) and the metal floor (2) and are connected with each other; the interval between the two rows of metallized through holes (4) is larger than the interval (6) between the two toothed opening metal patches (5); a gap (8) which is horizontally arranged is etched at the right center of the metal floor (2), the gap (8) is positioned under the two dentate opening metal patches (5) and is parallel to the long sides (10) of the two dentate opening metal patches (5), and the width of the gap (8) is larger than the interval (6) between the two dentate opening metal patches (5);
the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (3) is provided with a microstrip feed structure, the microstrip feed structure is a microstrip line (9) with impedance of 50 ohms, and the microstrip line (9) vertically extends from the edge of the second dielectric substrate (3) and exceeds the position right below a gap (8) of the metal floor (2).
2. A planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with teeth openings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the teeth-opening metal patch (5) has teeth-opening treatment.
3. A planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with teeth openings according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of the current flow on the antenna is adjustable by means of the length of the branches on the metal patch (5) with teeth openings, so that the overall direction of the current flow is parallel to the long sides (10) of the metal patch (5) with teeth openings.
4. The planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with the toothed openings according to claim 1 is characterized in that based on the basic principle of the magnetic dipole, two rows of metalized through holes (4) are utilized to simulate the hammer metal wall of an all-metal magnetic dipole in a first dielectric plate (1), so that equivalent magnetic current can be excited in the two rows of metalized through holes (4), and the shape of the two toothed opening metal patches (5) is modified to optimize the current distribution on the two rows of metalized through holes, so that the current and the equivalent magnetic current can jointly act to generate two electric fields with equal amplitude and quadrature phase difference of 90 degrees, and circular polarized radiation is realized.
5. A planar integrated circular polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna with teeth-like openings according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy of the microstrip line (9) is coupled to the metal via (4) in the first dielectric plate (1) and its upper teeth-like opening metal patch (5) through the slot (8), exciting the circularly polarized radiation wave.
6. The planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with teeth-shaped opening as recited in claim 1, wherein said antenna port is microstrip fed, and said input impedance of said port is 50 ohms.
CN202310301478.7A 2023-03-24 2023-03-24 Planar integrated circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with toothed openings Pending CN116315694A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117239426A (en) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-15 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 Circularly polarized satellite antenna based on magnetic electric dipole

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117239426A (en) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-15 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 Circularly polarized satellite antenna based on magnetic electric dipole
CN117239426B (en) * 2023-11-07 2024-01-23 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 Circularly polarized satellite antenna based on magnetic electric dipole

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