CN116315415A

CN116315415A - Battery module and battery pack

Info

Publication number: CN116315415A
Application number: CN202310310625.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 欧阳效群
Original assignee: Eve Energy Co Ltd
Current assignee: Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-28
Filing date: 2023-03-28
Publication date: 2023-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module and a battery pack, wherein the battery module comprises a tray, an insulating support and a single battery, the insulating support is arranged on one side surface of the tray, the single battery is arranged on one side surface of the insulating support, which is away from the tray, the single battery and the insulating support are adhered and fixed through an adhesive layer, a pressure release hole is formed in the tray, the insulating support is provided with an explosion-proof area which is opposite to the pressure release hole, and an explosion-proof structure is arranged in the explosion-proof area and used for selectively blocking the pressure release hole. When the pressure relief protection does not occur, the explosion-proof structure can block the pressure relief hole. When pressure relief protection occurs, the explosion-proof structure is broken through by high-pressure gas and the pressure relief hole is communicated. Under the shutoff effect of explosion-proof structure, the glue solution can't get into the pressure release hole when the encapsulating, and then reaches the purpose that prevents the pressure release hole by the jam of structural adhesive, improves battery module's explosion-proof reliability.

Description

Battery module and battery pack

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery module and a battery pack.

Background

The battery pack is widely applied to equipment such as new energy automobiles, mobile base stations and the like as a power supply unit. The battery pack comprises a box body and at least one battery module arranged in the box body, wherein the battery module comprises a tray and a plurality of single batteries arranged on the tray. The tray is provided with a pressure relief hole, the bottom of the single battery is provided with an explosion-proof device for pressure relief protection, and the explosion-proof device is right opposite to the pressure relief hole. When the single battery is subjected to pressure relief protection, the air pressure in the single battery is rapidly increased, and the high-pressure air in the single battery forces the explosion-proof device to be opened, so that the air and electrolyte in the single battery are discharged through the pressure relief hole.

In the related art, when the battery module is assembled, structural adhesive needs to be poured into the bottom area of the single batteries, so that the adjacent single batteries and the tray can be adhered and fixed through the structural adhesive, and the structural stability of the whole battery module is further ensured. However, due to manufacturing errors in the lengths of the unit cells and the flatness of the tray, when all the unit cells are mounted in alignment, a gap exists between the bottoms of part of the unit cells and the tray. And then cause the encapsulating time, the structure is glued and is flowed into the relief hole and cause the relief hole to block up from the clearance between battery cell and the tray, and then influence battery module's pressure release reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery module, which can avoid blocking a pressure release hole during glue filling, and has high explosion-proof reliability.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack that has high safety.

To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a battery module, including tray, insulating support and battery cell, the insulating support set up in a side of tray, the battery cell set up in the insulating support deviates from a side of tray, the battery cell with the insulating support passes through the glue film and bonds fixedly, the pressure release hole has been seted up on the tray, the insulating support have with the explosion-proof district that the pressure release hole is just right, be provided with explosion-proof structure in the explosion-proof district, explosion-proof structure is used for selectively shutoff the pressure release hole.

As a preferred scheme of the battery module, a pressure relief groove is formed in the explosion-proof area, and the bottom of the pressure relief groove forms the explosion-proof structure.

As a preferable mode of the battery module, the notch of the pressure relief groove faces the tray.

As a preferred scheme of the battery module, the pressure relief groove comprises at least two sub-groove bodies, and at least two sub-groove bodies are arranged in a matched mode.

As a preferable scheme of the battery module, the thickness of the explosion-proof structure is 0.2mm-0.5mm.

As a preferred scheme of battery module, insulating support includes the insulation board, the insulation board set up in the tray orientation a side of battery cell, the insulation board deviate from a side of battery cell is provided with first connecting portion and second connecting portion, first connecting portion wear to locate in the pressure release hole, the both ends of first connecting portion respectively with the insulation board with the second connecting portion are connected, the second connecting portion butt in the tray deviate from a side of insulation board.

As a preferred embodiment of the battery module, the insulating plate, the first connection part, and the second connection part are integrally formed.

As a preferable mode of the battery module, the insulating support further comprises a surrounding plate, the surrounding plate is annularly arranged on the periphery of the insulating plate, and the free end of the surrounding plate extends in a direction away from the insulating plate.

As a preferable scheme of the battery module, the insulating support is further provided with a through hole for accommodating the adhesive layer, and the through hole is spaced from the explosion-proof area.

As a preferable scheme of the battery module, the through holes are multiple, and the through holes are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the explosion-proof area.

As a preferred scheme of battery module, the battery cell with the pressure release hole is a plurality of, and is a plurality of battery cell with a plurality of pressure release hole one-to-one sets up, the battery cell orientation insulating support's one end is provided with explosion-proof hole, explosion-proof hole just is right the pressure release hole.

As a preferred scheme of the battery module, the tray is provided with a receiving groove, and the insulating bracket is arranged at the bottom of the receiving groove.

The battery pack comprises a box body and a battery module, wherein a containing cavity is formed in the box body, and the battery module is arranged in the containing cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the battery module and the battery pack, the insulating support is arranged between the single battery and the tray, and the explosion-proof structure is arranged on the insulating support and used for selectively plugging the pressure release hole. When the pressure relief protection does not occur, the explosion-proof structure can block the pressure relief hole. When pressure relief protection occurs, the explosion-proof structure is broken through by high-pressure gas and the pressure relief hole is communicated. Under the shutoff effect of explosion-proof structure, the glue solution can't get into the pressure release hole when the encapsulating, and then reaches the purpose that prevents the pressure release hole by the jam of structural adhesive, improves battery module's explosion-proof reliability.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an explosion-proof structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an explosion-proof structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an explosion-proof structure according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of an insulating support according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a tray; 10. a receiving groove; 11. a pressure relief hole; 12. a second side; 2. an insulating support; 20. an insulating plate; 201. an explosion-proof area; 21. a first connection portion; 22. a second connecting portion; 23. coaming plate; 24. a pressure relief groove; 241. dividing the groove body; 25. a through hole; 26. avoidance holes; 3. a single battery; 31. a housing; 32. a core pack; 33. explosion-proof holes; 4. and (5) a glue layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical scheme adopted and the technical effects achieved by the invention more clear, the technical scheme of the invention is further described below by a specific embodiment in combination with the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the battery module provided by the invention comprises a tray 1, an insulating bracket 2 and a single battery 3. The plurality of unit cells 3 are divided into a plurality of battery packs, and the plurality of battery packs are sequentially arranged in the width direction (Y direction in the drawing) of the battery module. Each battery pack includes a plurality of unit cells 3, and the plurality of unit cells 3 in each battery pack are sequentially arranged along a length direction (X direction in the drawing) of the battery module. The specific number of the single batteries 3 in the battery module can be adaptively selected according to parameter indexes such as design voltage and current of the battery module. The tray 1 plays a role of overall support for carrying the unit cells 3. The tray 1 is pressed from a metal plate so as to have good mechanical strength. The insulating support 2 is arranged on one side surface of the tray 1 facing the single battery 3, and the insulating support 2 is made of insulating materials and plays an insulating isolation role between the single battery 3 and the tray 1. The plurality of single batteries 3 are arranged on one side surface of the insulating support 2, which is away from the tray 1, and the single batteries 3 and the insulating support 2 are glued by a glue filling process, the glue layer 4 is structural glue, so that the adjacent single batteries 3 and the insulating support 2 are fixedly bonded by the glue layer 4.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 4, the unit cells 3 are cylindrical cells, and the unit cells 3 are used to store electric energy. The single battery 3 comprises a cylindrical shell 31, a cavity structure is arranged in the shell 31, a core pack 32 for converting electric energy and chemical energy is arranged in the shell 31, and electrolyte for infiltrating the core pack 32 is filled in the shell 31. Along the length direction (Z direction in the drawing) of the unit cell 3, the case 31 has opposite top and bottom ends, and the top end of the case 31 is provided with a post for connection with an external electric device. The core pack 32 is provided with a positive electrode lug and a negative electrode lug, the positive electrode lug of the core pack 32 is electrically connected with the electrode column, so that the electrode column is used for making the positive electrode of the single battery 3, and the negative electrode lug of the core pack 32 is electrically connected with the shell 31, so that the shell 31 forms the negative electrode of the single battery 3. Of course, the unit cell 3 is not limited to a cylindrical cell. In other embodiments, the unit cells 3 may also be prismatic cells.

The bottom end of the housing 31 (i.e., the end of the housing 31 facing the insulating holder 2) is provided with a explosion-proof hole 33, and the inside and the outside of the housing 31 communicate through the explosion-proof hole 33. The explosion-proof hole 33 is covered with an explosion-proof valve, and when the internal air pressure of the single battery 3 exceeds a set threshold value, the explosion-proof valve is opened to realize the pressure relief protection of the single battery 3.

The tray 1 has opposite first and second sides 12, the first side being located on the side facing the battery cells 3. The tray 1 includes a bottom plate and side plates surrounding the periphery of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates are surrounded to form a receiving groove 10. The insulating support 2 is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating groove 10, and at least part of the single batteries 3 are also positioned in the accommodating groove 10. By arranging the accommodating groove 10 on the tray 1, the battery module is conveniently filled with glue. When the glue is filled, flowing glue solution is collected in the bottom area of the accommodating groove 10 and flows into a gap between adjacent single batteries 3, a gap between the single batteries 3 and the insulating support 2 and a gap between the single batteries 3 and the tray 1, and after the glue solution is solidified, a glue layer 4 with certain bonding strength is formed, so that the installation stability of the whole battery module is improved.

The tray 1 is provided with a pressure relief hole 11, and the pressure relief hole 11 penetrates through a first side surface and a second side surface 12 of the tray 1. The pressure release holes 11 are a plurality of, and a plurality of pressure release holes 11 and a plurality of battery cells 3 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. Explosion-proof holes 33 on the single batteries 3 are opposite to the corresponding pressure relief holes 11. When the single battery 3 is depressurized, the gas and the electrolyte in the single battery 3 can be discharged through the pressure release hole 11.

The insulating holder 2 abuts against the first side surface of the tray 1. An explosion-proof area 201 is arranged on the insulating support 2, and the explosion-proof area 201 is opposite to the pressure relief hole 11 on the tray 1. An explosion-proof structure is arranged in the explosion-proof area 201 and is used for selectively blocking the pressure relief hole 11. It will be appreciated that the explosion-proof structure is capable of blocking the pressure relief hole 11 when no pressure relief protection occurs. When a gap is formed between the bottom end of the single battery 3 and the insulating bracket 2, flowing glue solution enters the gap between the single battery 3 and the insulating bracket 2. Under the shutoff effect of explosion-proof structure, the glue solution can't get into pressure release hole 11, and then reaches the purpose that prevents pressure release hole 11 by the jam of structural adhesive, guarantees that battery cell 3 can release smoothly. When the pressure relief protection occurs, the high-pressure gas in the single battery 3 breaks through the explosion-proof valve and the explosion-proof structure arranged in the explosion-proof area 201 in sequence and is discharged through the pressure relief hole 11.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 8, a pressure relief groove 24 is formed in the explosion-proof area 201, and the bottom of the pressure relief groove 24 forms an explosion-proof structure. It should be noted that, the explosion-proof area 201 on the insulating support 2 is a flat plate structure, a pressure relief groove 24 is formed on one side of the explosion-proof area 201, and an area between a bottom of the pressure relief groove 24 and a side of the explosion-proof area 201 facing away from the pressure relief groove 24 is the explosion-proof structure. It can also be understood that, since the pressure relief groove 24 is formed in the explosion-proof area 201, the rest of the explosion-proof area 201 after the groove is formed forms an explosion-proof structure, and the mechanical strength of the explosion-proof structure is weakened. Therefore, when the pressure relief protection occurs, the high-pressure gas in the unit cell 3 can burst through the explosion-proof structure and be discharged through the pressure relief hole 11. When a gap is formed between the bottom end of the unit cell 3 and the insulating support 2, a glue layer 4 is formed between the unit cell 3 and the insulating support 2. During pressure relief, high-pressure gas can break through the glue film 4 and the explosion-proof structure between the bottom of the single battery 3 and the insulating support 2 simultaneously.

The notch of the pressure relief groove 24 faces the tray 1. It will be appreciated that the pressure relief groove 24 is provided on a side of the insulating support 2 facing the tray 1, so that the explosion-proof structure is located on a side of the insulating support 2 facing the unit cell 3. The structure can avoid that structural adhesive enters the pressure relief groove 24 during adhesive filling and causes the strength of the explosion-proof structure to be increased, thereby avoiding that high-pressure gas cannot successfully burst the explosion-proof structure during pressure relief. Of course, under the condition that the pressure release of the explosion-proof structure is not affected, the notch of the pressure release groove 24 can also face the single battery 3.

In an alternative embodiment, the insulating support 2 is made of ABS engineering plastic (ABS), i.e. pc+abs plastic alloy. The material has excellent heat resistance, excellent mechanical strength and high impact resistance. The thickness H1 of the explosion-proof area 201 is 2mm, and the thickness H2 of the explosion-proof structure is 0.2mm-0.5mm. Specific thickness values for the explosion-proof structure include, but are not limited to, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm. It can be understood that the maximum value and the minimum value of the thickness H2 of the explosion-proof structure should be reasonably selected according to the material characteristics of the insulating bracket 2 and the pressure of the explosion-proof pressure relief of the single battery 3. For example: when the thickness H2 of the explosion-proof structure is 0.2mm at the minimum, the explosion-proof structure needs to have certain mechanical strength, and is prevented from being broken due to the pressure of the single battery 3 and the adhesive layer 4; when the thickness H2 of the explosion-proof structure is 0.5mm at the maximum value, the high-pressure gas can successfully burst the explosion-proof structure when the explosion-proof structure is impacted by the gas during explosion-proof pressure relief of the single battery 3.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 5, the pressure relief groove 24 includes two sub-groove bodies 241, and the sub-groove bodies 241 are square grooves. The two sub-tanks 241 are arranged to intersect. Specifically, when the two split groove bodies 241 vertically intersect, the entire pressure relief groove 24 is in a cross shape; when the two sub-tank bodies 241 do not intersect vertically, the entire pressure relief tank 24 is in an "X" shape.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 6, the pressure relief groove 24 includes three sub-groove bodies 241, and the three sub-groove bodies 241 are disposed to intersect, so that the entire pressure relief groove 24 has a "meter" shape.

Alternatively, referring to FIG. 7, the relief groove 24 is annular in shape.

The pressure relief groove 24 is provided to form an explosion-proof structure with reduced mechanical strength in the explosion-proof area 201, so that the explosion-proof structure can be broken by high-pressure gas when the pressure relief protection occurs to the unit cell 3. Therefore, the present embodiment does not limit the shape of the relief groove 24. The shape of the relief groove 24 may be other than the illustrated shape, for example: rectangular, triangular or "in-line".

Alternatively, referring to fig. 3 and 8, the insulating holder 2 includes an insulating plate 20, a first connection portion 21, a second connection portion 22, and a coaming 23. The insulating plate 20 is disposed at the bottom of the accommodating groove 10, that is, the insulating plate 20 abuts against the first side surface of the tray 1. The unit cells 3 are mounted on the insulating plate 20, and correspondingly, the explosion-proof area 201 is located on the insulating plate 20. The first and

second connection portions

21 and 22 are used to mount and fix the insulating plate 20 on the tray 1. Specifically, the first connecting portion 21 has a cylindrical structure, and the first connecting portion 21 is provided with a relief hole 26 therethrough. One end of the escape hole 26 communicates with the pressure release groove 24, and the other end communicates with the outside of the accommodation groove 10. So that when the single battery 3 is depressurized, gas and electrolyte can be discharged through the pressure release groove 24 and the avoiding hole 26 in sequence. The first connecting portion 21 is disposed in the pressure relief hole 11, and one end of the first connecting portion 21 is connected to the insulating plate 20. The second connecting portion 22 is in a circular ring structure, one end of an inner ring of the second connecting portion 22 is connected with one end of the first connecting portion 21, which is away from the insulating plate 20, and the second connecting portion 22 is abutted against the second side face 12 of the tray 1. It is also understood that the tray 1 is clamped between the insulating plate 20 and the second connecting portion 22. Of course, in other embodiments, the first connection portion 21 and the second connection portion 22 may be omitted, and the insulating holder 2 and the tray 1 may be connected by a fastener, for example: screw connection, riveting, and the like.

The number of the first connecting parts 21 and the second connecting parts 22 are matched with the number of the pressure relief holes 11, namely, each pressure relief hole 11 is correspondingly provided with one first connecting part 21 and one second connecting part 22. The structure makes the connection point between the insulating support 2 and the tray 1 distributed uniformly and densely, makes the whole stress of the insulating support 2 uniform, ensures the flatness of the insulating support 2, and avoids a larger gap between the single battery 3 and the insulating plate 20.

Alternatively, the insulating plate 20, the first connection portion 21, and the second connection portion 22 are integrally formed. When the three are in an integrated structure, the installation and fixation between the insulating support 2 and the tray 1 can be realized by adopting a hot riveting process. Of course, in other embodiments, the insulating plate 20, the first connecting portion 21 and the second connecting portion 22 may be of a split structure.

The bounding wall 23 annular sets up in the week portion of insulation board 20, and the one end and the insulation board 20 of bounding wall 23 are connected, and the one end that the bounding wall 23 deviates from insulation board 20 is the free end, and the free end of bounding wall 23 extends towards the direction that deviates from insulation board 20. Since the housing 31 of the battery cell 3 is a negative electrode and the tray 1 is a metal plate, when the battery cell 3 is closer to the wall of the accommodating groove 10 on the tray 1, the creepage between the battery cell 3 and the tray 1 is affected by the air humidity. Through setting up bounding wall 23, bounding wall 23 is located between cell 3 and the cell wall of holding tank 10, and then has increased the creepage distance between cell 3 and the tray 1, promotes battery module's security.

Alternatively, referring to fig. 4 and 5, the insulating plate 20 is provided with a through hole 25, and the through hole 25 is spaced apart from the explosion-proof area 201. The number of through holes 25 is plural, and the plurality of through holes 25 are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the explosion-proof area 201. Through-holes 25 penetrate through the insulating plate 20, and the through-holes 25 are used for accommodating the adhesive layers 4. Since the through holes 25 are spaced apart from the explosion-proof area 201, the through holes 25 are located in the gaps between the adjacent unit cells 3. During glue filling, glue solution flows into the through holes 25 and solidifies to form the glue layer 4. The adhesive layer 4 in the through hole 25 can bond the insulating plate 20 and the tray 1 together, thereby improving the structural strength of the whole battery module.

It should be noted that the glue solution and the glue layer 4 in the embodiment are the same object. In the fluid state, the adhesive is called an adhesive layer 4 after solidification.

The beneficial effects of this embodiment are: through setting up insulating support 2 between battery cell 3 and tray 1, be provided with explosion-proof structure on the insulating support 2, explosion-proof structure is used for selectively shutoff pressure release hole 11. When the pressure relief protection does not occur, the explosion-proof structure can block the pressure relief hole 11. When the pressure relief protection occurs, the explosion-proof structure is broken by the high-pressure gas and the pressure relief hole 11 is conducted. Under the shutoff effect of explosion-proof structure, the glue solution can't get into pressure release hole 11 when the encapsulating, and then reaches the purpose that prevents pressure release hole 11 by the jam of structural adhesive, improves battery module's explosion-proof reliability.

As shown in fig. 1, a battery pack is also provided. The battery pack includes a case (not shown) and a battery module. The battery module is one, two or more than two. The box body is internally provided with a containing cavity, and all the battery modules are arranged in the containing cavity. The box body is internally provided with a pressure relief channel which is communicated with the outside of the box body. The pressure relief hole 11 on the tray 1 is communicated with the pressure relief channel, and when the single battery 3 is subjected to explosion-proof pressure relief, gas and electrolyte in the single battery can be sequentially discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the pressure relief hole 11 and the pressure relief channel. In the battery module, through setting up insulating support 2 that has explosion-proof structure, glue solution entering pressure release hole 11 when can preventing to glue, and then guarantee that battery cell 3 can carry out explosion-proof pressure release smoothly, and then guarantee the safety in utilization of whole battery package.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should not be considered as limiting the invention, since modifications may be made in the specific embodiments and application scope of the invention in light of the teachings of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a battery module, includes tray, insulating support and battery cell, the insulating support set up in a side of tray, the battery cell set up in the insulating support deviates from a side of tray, the battery cell with the insulating support passes through the glue film and bonds fixedly, its characterized in that, the pressure release hole has been seted up on the tray, the insulating support have with the explosion-proof district that the pressure release hole is just right, be provided with explosion-proof structure in the explosion-proof district, explosion-proof structure is used for selectively shutoff the pressure release hole.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein a pressure relief groove is formed in the explosion-proof area, and the bottom of the pressure relief groove forms the explosion-proof structure.

3. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the notch of the pressure relief groove faces the tray.

4. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the pressure relief groove comprises at least two split grooves, at least two split grooves being disposed in the split grooves.

5. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein the explosion-proof structure has a thickness of 0.2mm to 0.5mm.

6. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the insulating bracket comprises an insulating plate, the insulating plate is arranged on a side surface of the tray facing the single battery, a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion are arranged on a side surface of the insulating plate facing away from the single battery, the first connecting portion penetrates through the pressure relief hole, two ends of the first connecting portion are respectively connected with the insulating plate and the second connecting portion, and the second connecting portion is abutted to a side surface of the tray facing away from the insulating plate.

7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein the insulating plate, the first connection portion, and the second connection portion are integrally formed.

8. The battery module according to claim 6, wherein the insulating holder further includes a collar, the collar being annularly provided to a peripheral portion of the insulating plate, a free end of the collar extending in a direction away from the insulating plate.

9. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the insulating holder is further provided with a through hole for receiving the adhesive layer, the through hole being spaced apart from the explosion-proof area.

10. The battery module according to claim 9, wherein the through holes are plural, and the plural through holes are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the explosion-proof area.

11. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the single battery and the pressure relief holes are multiple, the single battery and the pressure relief holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and explosion-proof holes are arranged at one ends of the single battery facing the insulating support and are opposite to the pressure relief holes.

12. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the tray is provided with a receiving groove, and the insulating support is provided at a bottom of the receiving groove.

13. A battery pack comprising a case and the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the case having a housing chamber therein, the battery module being disposed in the housing chamber.